Article(id=1244280827970962274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.7520/1001-4888-24-077, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714579200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-02, revisedDate=1718294400000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774589267008, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1753977600000, pubDateStr=2025-08-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774589267008, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774589267008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774589267008, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244280827157263057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, year='2025', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='387', pageEnd='538', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774589266813, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774589721933, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244282736148595306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244282736148595307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, issueId=1244280827157263057, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=506, endPage=514, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244280828176483172, articleId=1244280827970962274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, language=EN, title=Mechanical properties testing during winding and cooling excitation processes of the split superconducting magnet, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Experimental Mechanics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The test platform, composed of components such as a superconducting magnet, Dewar, and cryogenic system can realize the force-thermal-electrical-magnetic multi-field testing of superconductors, in which the superconducting magnet functions to provide a background magnetic field. The split low-temperature superconducting magnet can generate a uniform transverse magnetic field at the center, and its semi-open structure provides convenience and large space for testing. The split low-temperature superconducting magnets operate in low-temperature, strong magnetic fields, and high-current environments, verifying the structure and performance of split low-temperature superconducting magnets is necessary because these conditions can cause the complex electromagnetic forces, thermal stresses, and assembly forces they carry to deteriorate the magnets’ electromagnetic performance and stability. The dynamic winding process of superconducting coils, as well as the excitation and cooling processes of the coil assembly, were experimentally studied in the research applying wireless strain testing method and using techniques like cryogenic strain gauges, cryogenic thermal sensors, and Hall plates. The findings demonstrate that the strain accumulated in the coils during dynamic winding is approximately linear with the number of winding layers and falls back slightly with time, and the strain of the coil assembly and the surrounding magnetic field in energized conditions have a high synchronization with the excitation current, the properties of the superconducting magnet testing and processing procedures can be efficiently revealed by the strain evolution law inside the coil.

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由超导磁体、杜瓦、低温系统等组件搭配组成的测试平台可实现超导体的力-热-电-磁多场测试,其中超导磁体的功能是提供背景磁场。分体式低温超导磁体可在中心处产生均匀的横向磁场,且其半开放式的结构为测试提供了便利和较大的操作空间。由于分体式超导磁体运行于低温、强磁场、大电流环境中,所承载的复杂的电磁力、热应力及装配力等可能会降低其电磁性能和稳定性,因此需对磁体结构及其性能进行核验。本文综合运用低温应变片、低温热传感器及霍尔片等测试仪器,并基于无线应变测试方法开展了超导线圈的动态绕线过程、线圈组件的降温及励磁过程的实验研究。结果表明:动态绕线时线圈内积累的应变与绕线层数近似呈线性关系,且应变伴随绕制时间略有回落;通电情形下超导线圈组件的应变及其周围的磁场与加载电流有较好的同步性;线圈内的应变演化规律能够有效揭示超导磁体各个加工与测试过程的特征。

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王省哲(1972-),男,教授,博士生导师。从事电磁固体力学、超导结构多场力学数值分析及实验研究。Email:
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label=Fig.4, caption=Coils assembly lifting and arrangement of temperature and strain measurement points, figureFileSmall=uhhZfIxK6y6//ZzBy2ZQOw==, figureFileBig=YTzh0nvVaisxG8Oil7fsQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340243944554836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280827970962274, language=CN, label=图4, caption=线圈组件装吊现场及其应变、温度测点布置, figureFileSmall=uhhZfIxK6y6//ZzBy2ZQOw==, figureFileBig=YTzh0nvVaisxG8Oil7fsQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340244082966876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280827970962274, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Real-time data interception of strain on the outer skeleton during the winding process, figureFileSmall=FJ5GtcqEpZTgpPI2F2O5aQ==, figureFileBig=pQJ9BmDHTBlywsB3xwKaSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340244204601701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280827970962274, language=CN, label=图5, 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articleId=1244280827970962274, language=CN, label=图11, caption=励磁过程中磁场强度与电流随时间的变化, figureFileSmall=H7quVKhR050gAqI+XZ/FIw==, figureFileBig=yRgadBgRzQPr/0es9ER09A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340245685191118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280827970962274, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Information of coils winding

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
线圈 d/mm Rin/mm Rout/mm b/mm Fpre/kg
Sa11.300122.30138.9790.176.1~6.3
Sa21.064138.97158.7090.173.9~4.3
Sa30.790158.70178.0390.172.2~2.4
Sa40.740190.33202.9390.171.9~2.2
Sa50.745202.93215.5490.171.9~2.2
Sa60.635215.54223.9990.171.3~1.6
Sa70.639223.99232.4390.171.3~1.6
Sa80.639232.43240.8890.171.3~1.6
Sa90.639240.88248.1290.171.3~1.6
), ArticleFig(id=1244340245802631639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243978990336127019, articleId=1244280827970962274, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

线圈组参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
线圈 d/mm Rin/mm Rout/mm b/mm Fpre/kg
Sa11.300122.30138.9790.176.1~6.3
Sa21.064138.97158.7090.173.9~4.3
Sa30.790158.70178.0390.172.2~2.4
Sa40.740190.33202.9390.171.9~2.2
Sa50.745202.93215.5490.171.9~2.2
Sa60.635215.54223.9990.171.3~1.6
Sa70.639223.99232.4390.171.3~1.6
Sa80.639232.43240.8890.171.3~1.6
Sa90.639240.88248.1290.171.3~1.6
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分体式超导磁体绕制及降温励磁过程中的力学性能测试
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代国玺 1, 2 , 吴北民 3 , 辛灿杰 3 , 王省哲 1, 2
实验力学 | 2025,40(4): 506-514
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实验力学 | 2025, 40(4): 506-514
分体式超导磁体绕制及降温励磁过程中的力学性能测试
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代国玺1, 2, 吴北民3, 辛灿杰3, 王省哲1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 2.兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,甘肃兰州 730000
  • 3.中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州 730000

通讯作者:

王省哲(1972-),男,教授,博士生导师。从事电磁固体力学、超导结构多场力学数值分析及实验研究。Email:
Mechanical properties testing during winding and cooling excitation processes of the split superconducting magnet
Guoxi DAI1, 2, Beimin WU3, Canjie XIN3, Xingzhe WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, The Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
  • 2.College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
  • 3.Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
出版时间: 2025-08-01 doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-077
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由超导磁体、杜瓦、低温系统等组件搭配组成的测试平台可实现超导体的力-热-电-磁多场测试,其中超导磁体的功能是提供背景磁场。分体式低温超导磁体可在中心处产生均匀的横向磁场,且其半开放式的结构为测试提供了便利和较大的操作空间。由于分体式超导磁体运行于低温、强磁场、大电流环境中,所承载的复杂的电磁力、热应力及装配力等可能会降低其电磁性能和稳定性,因此需对磁体结构及其性能进行核验。本文综合运用低温应变片、低温热传感器及霍尔片等测试仪器,并基于无线应变测试方法开展了超导线圈的动态绕线过程、线圈组件的降温及励磁过程的实验研究。结果表明:动态绕线时线圈内积累的应变与绕线层数近似呈线性关系,且应变伴随绕制时间略有回落;通电情形下超导线圈组件的应变及其周围的磁场与加载电流有较好的同步性;线圈内的应变演化规律能够有效揭示超导磁体各个加工与测试过程的特征。

分体式超导磁体  /  线圈绕制  /  无线测试  /  降温及励磁

The test platform, composed of components such as a superconducting magnet, Dewar, and cryogenic system can realize the force-thermal-electrical-magnetic multi-field testing of superconductors, in which the superconducting magnet functions to provide a background magnetic field. The split low-temperature superconducting magnet can generate a uniform transverse magnetic field at the center, and its semi-open structure provides convenience and large space for testing. The split low-temperature superconducting magnets operate in low-temperature, strong magnetic fields, and high-current environments, verifying the structure and performance of split low-temperature superconducting magnets is necessary because these conditions can cause the complex electromagnetic forces, thermal stresses, and assembly forces they carry to deteriorate the magnets’ electromagnetic performance and stability. The dynamic winding process of superconducting coils, as well as the excitation and cooling processes of the coil assembly, were experimentally studied in the research applying wireless strain testing method and using techniques like cryogenic strain gauges, cryogenic thermal sensors, and Hall plates. The findings demonstrate that the strain accumulated in the coils during dynamic winding is approximately linear with the number of winding layers and falls back slightly with time, and the strain of the coil assembly and the surrounding magnetic field in energized conditions have a high synchronization with the excitation current, the properties of the superconducting magnet testing and processing procedures can be efficiently revealed by the strain evolution law inside the coil.

split superconducting magnet  /  coils winding  /  wireless testing  /  cooling and excitation
代国玺, 吴北民, 辛灿杰, 王省哲. 分体式超导磁体绕制及降温励磁过程中的力学性能测试. 实验力学, 2025 , 40 (4) : 506 -514 . DOI: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-077
Guoxi DAI, Beimin WU, Canjie XIN, Xingzhe WANG. Mechanical properties testing during winding and cooling excitation processes of the split superconducting magnet[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2025 , 40 (4) : 506 -514 . DOI: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-077
分体式低温超导磁体运行于低温及强电磁场的环境中,往往使磁体内部承载着巨大的热应力和洛伦兹力,进而会导致磁体结构失稳或电磁性能下降,甚至造成重大破坏和损失。因此,针对超导磁体在复杂环境中的力学及多场性能进行实验研究,是评估磁体功能和安全运行所必需的[13]
研究者们已发展出一些测试超导磁体的手段并开展了相关的测试研究[4]。磁体温度通常采用将低温温度传感器粘贴于磁体表面的方式进行测量,磁场则通过安置于磁体孔径中的霍尔传感器实现测量[5]。在应变测试方面,电阻应变片被广泛使用[68],且随着应变片制造技术的改进和黏接剂的发展,低温电阻应变片的准确性和可靠性得到了进一步提升[9]。除此之外,光纤测试方法[1012]被逐渐应用在超导磁体的温度和应变测试中,结合应变场重构等方法,有望实现超导磁体温度、应变全场实时测试。
超导磁体在投入使用前必须通过系列实验检测,然而目前大多磁体检测均是在完成磁体装配后开展的,很少涉及磁体线圈绕制过程的测试。通常,超导线圈的绕制过程决定了磁体固化和装配前的应力状态,且可能影响到磁体的电磁性能和结构稳定性,故对磁体线圈的绕制过程开展相关的测试分析对全面评估超导磁体性能具有重要意义。
本文针对研制中的分体式低温超导磁体,重点关注了磁体线圈的绕制过程,采用“低温应变片-无线应变仪-电桥补偿”的无线测试方法[13]对动态的绕线过程进行了应变测试,并分析了绕制过程中线圈的力学行为。此外,本文还开展了磁体线圈降温及励磁过程的测试分析,基本完成了对该分体式低温超导磁体从制作到运行全过程的实验研究。
分体式超导磁体包含a、b 2组对称的线圈,由内向外依次记为Sa1~Sa9、Sb1~Sb9。其中,Sa1~Sa3(Sb1~Sb3)绕制于磁体的内侧骨架、Sa4~Sa9(Sb4~Sb9)绕制于外侧骨架,各线圈宽度一致,并选用不同规格的NbTi超导线绕制。
线圈及骨架外围装配有铜箍、绑扎带、托板及U型支撑等部件。托板部件为方形,其中心与边界处均有突出的棱台,内、外侧骨架置于托板棱台以内的凹陷中,使骨架与托板紧密接触且可限制两者之间的滑移。两侧托板通过1个U型支撑柱和4块肋板连接,在保证磁体测试空间足够的前提下尽量靠近线圈组件中心的位置。这些部件共同组成了U型的悬臂支撑结构,其结构强度可保证超导线圈承载巨大电磁力后仍能安全运行。此外,超导接头和铜导热板等部件连接在线圈上,这些部件与线圈及支撑结构共同组成了完整的线圈组件。线圈组件可通过拉杆和拉杆座悬吊在不锈钢外壳内部,磁体线圈及组件结构如图1所示。
超导磁体线圈运行于低温环境中,需要采用特殊的低温电阻应变片进行力学形变的测量。使用特定的低温黏接剂将电阻应变片粘贴在磁体线圈表面,当磁体线圈受力变形时,应变片栅区的金属丝长度和横截面积随之变化,进而引起应变片的电阻变化,结合变形量与应变之间的关系,电阻应变片所测应变与其电阻变化量之间的关系可表述为
式中:R与ΔR为应变片电阻和电阻变化量;K为常数;ε为应变。
在超导磁体测试环境中,常规的半桥补偿测试结果易受到布置空间、背景噪声及时变场耦合等因素的影响。为提高测量准确度,本文采用如图2左侧所示的外部补偿桥路,并结合应变解调仪[12]展开测试。通过解调仪对应变片信号线电压进行解调和平衡,则应变片的输出电压Vout被调整为
式中:Rgauge为应变片电阻;RDEM为解调电阻;Vg为解调后的应变片端子电压。
实验采用新的外部补偿桥路技术有效消除了应变片及仪表信号线电阻带来的干扰,时变温度场和磁场引起的误差也通过补偿桥路予以消除,最终使应变测量准确度提高,外部补偿桥路如图2左侧所示,其中Rline1Rline2Rline3均为线电阻;Rb1Rb2为仪器内部平衡电阻;SxSx为零点电压检测点;GND表示接地。此外,由于超导线圈的绕制过程是动态的,传统的有线测试方法受限于众多连线的缠绕而无法完成该过程的应变测试,故本文引入了无线应变测试方法进行信号采集预处理,信号传输及设备连接方式如图2右侧所示。
其他物理量如温度的测量采用低温温度传感器,温度传感器的工作原理是温度变化时传感器电阻会随之变化,而传感器电阻与温度之间存在已知关系,因此可通过测量电阻确定温度;磁场则用低温霍尔片进行测量,当霍尔片垂直于电流方向时,霍尔电势差与磁场强度有关。本文所用的温度和磁场传感器具有体积小、能够在极低温下保持高灵敏度与准确度等特性,可满足超导磁体线圈的测试要求[4]
由于线圈与骨架紧密接触,线圈在预张力作用下的绕制过程中,线圈的收缩趋势会通过接触传递至绕线骨架并使之变形。基于此,可通过测试绕线骨架的应变累积,开展针对绕制过程中线圈力学行为的研究。绕线设备及测试方案如图3所示,测试设备包括SG401型无线应变传感器节点、无线网关及计算机等。骨架上的应变测点间隔90°均布于骨架内侧面的中间环线上,依次记作NC1~NC4(内侧骨架)和WC1~WC4(外侧骨架)。
本文分体式超导磁体的2组线圈完全相同,且支撑结构对称,当线圈承载预紧力、热应力及电磁力等载荷后,2组线圈的力学行为与特征也呈对称性。因此,本文的实验研究主要针对其中1组线圈(如a组)展开。
应变测试所用的设备、应变片等均具备高准确度与稳定性。低温电阻应变片选用KFGS-1-120-D16-11型双轴低温应变片,用以获得测点处的环向应变与轴向应变。该应变片在常温到低温段性能稳定,可在超导线圈绕制和励磁测试中重复使用。
绕线过程中,各设备段的超导线保持在同一平面内,以确保线圈为单自由度绕制。a组线圈的导线直径d、线圈内径Rin、线圈外径Rout、线圈宽度b及绕线预紧力Fpre等参数见表1
超导磁体线圈组件的测试包括降温和励磁2个阶段,均在低温杜瓦中完成。
实验中应变测试继续使用绕线过程中的应变测点,并连接外部补偿桥路和补偿块。温度测量利用布置于线圈、绕线骨架、冷却流体管路及其进出口等关键位置的温度传感器进行,以实现全系统的实时温度监测。磁场通过G10材质的支架将霍尔片安置于线圈组件中心进行测量,且霍尔片垂直于线圈中心轴。图4给出了线圈组件上应变测点NC1~NC4、WC1~WC4,以及温度测点T1~T3的几何位置。
线圈绕制过程中,测试仪器可以实时测量绕线骨架上随着绕组层数增加而累积的应变情况,完成1层线圈绕制耗时10 min~15 min。每绕制1层线圈,测点应变值便向上“跳跃”1阶(如图5中绕线段),若某层线圈未达到密绕要求,则需要退回该层初始位置重新绕线,退线时骨架应变也会随之回落,应变实时测量结果很好地呈现了这一退线过程(如图5中退线段)。整个绕线过程中骨架环向应变对绕制张力的响应早于轴向应变,且前者的变化速率大于后者。图5中,实时所测的应变值迅速增大或减小的斜线区段分别对应绕线或退线至骨架线槽1/2宽度的过程;当超导线正好绕过应变片监测的区域(也是骨架变形最大的区域)时,对应的应变响应迅速且明显。由于应变值较小,本文采用微应变(με)对其进行描述,1με=10-6
图6所示,随着线圈绕组层数的增加,线圈骨架上的应变量累积逐渐增大,且骨架内表面4个测点处的环向应变、轴向应变与绕组层数近似呈线性关系,这与已有实验及模拟结果[14]的趋势一致。从图6中应变响应可以看出,线圈骨架的环向应变为负,轴向应变为正,这是因为骨架在环向因受超导线挤压而收缩,在轴向因材料的泊松效应而延展所致。由于内、外侧线圈骨架的绕线宽度一致,且绕线时超导线横截面上的“预紧应力”基本相同,当绕线层数相同时,内侧骨架由于半径较小而受到更大的径向挤压作用。但外侧骨架的厚度小于内侧骨架,更易变形。当骨架厚度的影响大于绕线半径的影响时,外侧骨架的应变大于内侧骨架应变,符合图6中外侧骨架应变增速大于内侧骨架应变增速的规律。
图5图6中测点WC2的应变值与其他点相差较大的原因是,该处应变片粘贴角度有误差,因此导致所测应变的方向略微偏离环向与轴向。超导线圈以“湿绕”形式完成绕组后,为保护线圈和进一步预紧线圈,超导线圈外表面包覆厚度0.25 mm的玻璃丝布及厚度0.30 mm的打孔铜箍,并以较大的预紧力绕制若干层绑扎带。设置绕线车床以合适的速率匀速转动一段时间,使绑扎好的线圈均匀固化,在此期间,线圈中的力学行为发生较小变化,表现为骨架上所测的应变值缓慢降低。以外侧骨架的测点WC1为例,线圈空置固化期间该处的应变变化如图7所示。
图7可以看出:在线圈空置固化过程中,外侧骨架上WC1点处的轴向应变值减少了20με,环向应变的绝对值减少了65με。这表明线圈在绕制结束后的空置期内存在应变“松弛效应”,主要是线圈层间及超导线上的应力发生了重新分配所致。
在超导磁体测试全过程中,磁体的温度随时间历程的变化如图8所示,从图中可以看出:线圈组件在预冷阶段温度下降相对平缓,线圈上、中、下部的温度分布并不完全相同,这与测试容器中液氦挥发产生的氦气从底部向上部流动有关;当温度下降至80 K后,降温速度加快(通过调控制冷设备实现),当温度降至目标区间4 K~5 K后,则能够持续保持低温状态。
超导线圈的励磁过程在恒低温状态下进行,测试期间2次加电至线圈失超,其温度迅速升高对应图8中段2个温度尖峰。励磁结束后为自然回温过程,线圈组件温度缓慢回升至室温,耗时较长。在回温过程中,随着线圈组件与环境温度差的减小,回温速率逐渐降低。
图9给出了超导线圈组件预冷和快速降温全过程的应变测量结果。整体上,线圈组件的应变变化特征与温度保持一致,当线圈组件降温至目标温度区间(4 K~5 K)后,热应变达到3000με左右。
在完成降温后,我们测试了超导线圈在励磁过程中的力学响应,如图10所示。随着激励电流的升高,超导线圈内的电磁力和磁场逐渐增大。由于分体式磁体结构的对称性,2组线圈上所受的轴向电磁力大小相等、方向相反,且数量级远大于环向及径向电磁力。磁体中环向及径向的电磁力使超导线圈有向外松散的趋势,并被绑扎等部件抑制;磁体中的轴向电磁力促使2组超导线圈发生相互靠近的变形,并被U型支撑等结构抑制;线圈上最大应力分布在边缘及内侧支撑部位,激励电流越高,对应的线圈组件中的应变越大。
图11还给出了超导线圈在励磁过程中通载电流与磁体目标区域磁场强度的依赖关系。在超导磁体的励磁过程中,通入线圈的电流采用分段均匀增加的模式进行加载,超导线圈所产生的磁场也呈现为分段同步增大;激励电流最大加载至83.95 A时,所对应的最大磁场强度值为4.85 T。磁体在经历后续的多次励磁训练后,其最大工作电流有所升高,达到了该磁体的设计参数和目标。
本文以分体式低温超导磁体为研究对象,开展了超导线圈的动态绕制过程、磁体降温及励磁全过程的实验测试和力学响应分析。
1)预紧力作用下绕制超导螺线管线圈,线圈骨架上累积应变随着绕线层数的增加而逐渐增大,两者近似呈线性关系,且线圈中的环向应变为负、轴向应变为正;同一预紧应力作用下绕制相同层数的线圈,绕线内径越小,线圈对骨架的挤压作用越明显,但骨架应变同时受到骨架厚度的影响,因此一般设计内侧骨架的厚度大于外侧骨架;线圈绕线及空置固化过程中存在应变回落的“松弛效应”。
2)降温过程中超导线圈的应变与温度,励磁过程中超导线圈的应变及磁场与激励电流之间均表现出极高的同步性。
3)实验研究中,高灵敏度的温度、低温应变监测设备的配合运用有效实现了超导磁体运行状态下的实时监测。本文所研制的分体式超导磁体结构,在绕制预紧力、降温热应力及励磁电磁力作用下保持了良好的稳定性,相关电磁性能基本达到预期目标。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(11932008; 12327901)
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2025年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.7520/1001-4888-24-077
  • 接收时间:2024-05-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-08-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-02
  • 修回日期:2024-06-14
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(11932008; 12327901)
作者信息
    1.西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州 730000
    2.兰州大学土木工程与力学学院,甘肃兰州 730000
    3.中国科学院近代物理研究所,甘肃兰州 730000

通讯作者:

王省哲(1972-),男,教授,博士生导师。从事电磁固体力学、超导结构多场力学数值分析及实验研究。Email:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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