Article(id=1320176388766806885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, issueId=1320176147946648091, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11729/syltlx20260001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767456000000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-04, revisedDate=1771516800000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-20, acceptedDate=1773849600000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-19, onlineDate=1792684178773, onlineDateStr=2026-10-22, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792684178773, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-22, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792684178773, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792684178773, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320176147946648091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='137', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792684121357, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792720571222, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320329029853495708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, issueId=1320176147946648091, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320329029853495709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, issueId=1320176147946648091, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=130, endPage=137, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320176389106545511, articleId=1320176388766806885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, language=EN, title=Experimental study of droplet impact on superhydrophobic single-slot surfaces, columnId=1320176148672262684, journalTitle=Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, columnName=Special Issue on Microscale and Nanoscale Flows, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Existing studies of droplet impact dynamics on superhydrophobic surfaces have predominantly focused on conventional substrates lacking macroscopic geometric features, while comparatively limited attention has been given to non-conventional surfaces with macro-structures that are common in practical engineering. In this study, we experimentally investigate the impact dynamics of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces featuring a single macroscopic slot. We systematically examine the effects of the dimensionless slot width (the ratio of the actual slot width to the initial droplet diameter, 0.09–0.54) and the Weber number (4.03–36.59) on droplet spreading, retraction, penetration, and fragmentation. Four characteristic regimes are observed—complete rebound, rebound with partial penetration, fragmentation with partial penetration, and full penetration—and their corresponding parameter maps are constructed. The maximum spreading diameter decreases progressively as the slot width increases. By accounting for both the slot width and liquid penetration height, a modified theoretical model is developed to predict the maximum spreading coefficient as a function of the Weber number, achieving great agreement with experimental measurements. Moreover, partial liquid penetration during impact reduces the effective mass involved in spreading and retraction, leading to a significant reduction in the droplet–surface contact time.

, authors=Ying Zhou1, Jack Hau Yung Lo1, Pingan Zhu1, 2, *, authorsList=Ying Zhou, Jack Hau Yung Lo, Pingan Zhu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Pingan Zhu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320176407167218635, articleId=1320176388766806885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, language=CN, title=液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面的实验研究, columnId=1320176148844229150, journalTitle=实验流体力学, columnName=微纳尺度流动专刊, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

液滴撞击超疏水表面的动力学研究多集中于无宏观几何特征的常规表面,对实际工程中广泛存在的、具有宏观结构的非常规表面关注不足。本文通过实验探究了液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面的动力学行为,系统考察了无量纲狭缝宽度(狭缝实际宽度与液滴初始直径之比,0.09~0.54)和韦伯数(4.03~36.59)对液滴铺展、回缩、穿透及破碎过程的影响。本文通过实验观察到完整回弹、回弹并部分穿透、破碎并部分穿透及完全穿透4种典型行为,并绘制了其对应的参数相图。液滴的最大铺展直径随狭缝宽度增加而逐渐减小。通过考虑狭缝宽度和液体穿透高度,本文建立了修正后的最大铺展系数与韦伯数的理论预测模型,理论值与实验值具有良好的一致性。此外,由于部分液体在撞击过程中穿透狭缝,导致参与铺展与回缩的有效质量减少,使得液滴与表面的接触时间显著缩短。

, authors=周莹1, 卢孝勇1, 朱平安1, 2, *, authorsList=周莹, 卢孝勇, 朱平安, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=朱平安, authorNote=

周莹(1996—),女,山东济宁人,博士。研究方向:开放条件下的液滴碰撞。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有©《实验流体力学》编辑部 2026, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ZsC8jDYYOwOtQ9Zmekqiwg==, magXml=+5TVGObS8KWcOw6mpwnkfQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=9S5AMU46ZKjaorUrmgJonQ==, pdfFileSize=3473312, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=qAEXojusJg+2jHhq0O2wQw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=WvhLZaGpKMbCMYLVihQKsw==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320177158228652536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yzhou462-c@my.cityu.edu.hk, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158312538618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158228652536, language=EN, stringName=Ying Zhou, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158396424699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158228652536, language=CN, stringName=周莹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077, bio={"content":"

周莹(1996—),女,山东济宁人,博士。研究方向:开放条件下的液滴碰撞。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

周莹(1996—),女,山东济宁人,博士。研究方向:开放条件下的液滴碰撞。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320177156471239153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156479627762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156488016371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1320177158509670909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158589362687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158509670909, language=EN, stringName=Jack Hau Yung Lo, firstName=Jack Hau Yung, middleName=null, lastName=Lo, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158660665856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158509670909, language=CN, stringName=卢孝勇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320177156471239153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156479627762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156488016371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1320177158731969026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=pingazhu@cityu.edu.hk, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158824243717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158731969026, language=EN, stringName=Pingan Zhu, firstName=Pingan, middleName=null, lastName=Zhu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
2City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158903935494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158731969026, language=CN, stringName=朱平安, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077
2香港城市大学深圳研究院,深圳 518000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320177156471239153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156479627762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156488016371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320177158148960756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177158157349365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177158148960756, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177158161543670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177158148960756, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2香港城市大学深圳研究院,深圳 518000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1320177159033958919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=drop impact), Keyword(id=1320177159096873480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=superhydrophobic surface), Keyword(id=1320177159163982345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=single slot), Keyword(id=1320177159231091210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=maximum spreading coefficient), Keyword(id=1320177159294005771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=contact time), Keyword(id=1320177159365308940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=液滴碰撞), Keyword(id=1320177159445000717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=超疏水表面), Keyword(id=1320177159516303886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=单一狭缝), Keyword(id=1320177159579218447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=最大铺展系数), Keyword(id=1320177159663104528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=接触时间)], refs=[Reference(id=1320177163689636401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao R C, Zhang Q Y, Tjugito H, et al. Raindrop impact on a sandy surface[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2015, 27(9): 091111. doi: 10.1063/1.4930917, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177163752550962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Andreassi L, Ubertini S, Allocca L. Experimental and numerical analysis of high pressure diesel spray–wall interaction[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2007, 33(7): 742-765. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2007.01.003, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177163832242739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Modak C D, Kumar A, Tripathy A, et al. Drop impact printing[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11: 4327. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18103-6, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177163890962996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Sun Z N, Zeng X, Deng X, et al. Droplet interface in additive manufacturing: from process to application[J]. Droplet, 2023, 2(2): e57. doi: 10.1002/dro2.57, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177163962266165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Wang X, Wang G Q, Chen X X, et al. Recent experimental review of droplet impact morphology and dynamics[J]. Fluid Dynamics, 2025, 60(5): 102. doi: 10.1134/S0015462825601688, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164041957942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Josserand C, Thoroddsen S T. Drop impact on a solid surface[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 48: 365-391. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-122414-034401, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164104872503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Worthington A M. The splash of a drop[M]. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1895., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164171981368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yarin A L. Drop impact dynamics: splashing, spreading, receding, bouncing…[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2006, 38: 159-192. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092144, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164234895929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Rioboo R, Tropea C, Marengo M. Outcomes from a drop impact on solid surfaces[J]. Atomization and Sprays, 2001, 11(2): 12. doi: 10.1615/atomizspr.v11.i2.40, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164297810490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yu X J, Zhang Y, Hu R, et al. Water droplet bouncing dynamics[J]. Nano Energy, 2021, 81: 105647. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105647, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164356530747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu Z F, Chu F Q, Shan H, et al. Understanding and utilizing droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces: phenomena, mechanisms, regulations, applications, and beyond[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(11): 2310177. doi: 10.1002/adma.202310177, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164423639612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=12, rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Feng L, Li S H, Li Y S, et al. Super-hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial[J]. ChemInform, 2003, 34(7): 200307200. doi: 10.1002/chin.200307200, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164490748477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=13, rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Chen W F, Huang Z W, Xiao T, et al. Advancing superhydrophobic surfaces: from mechanism insights and design strategies to intelligent applications[J]. APL Materials, 2025, 13(6): 060606. doi: 10.1063/5.0271653, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164553663038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=14, rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shiri S, Bird J C. Heat exchange between a bouncing drop and a superhydrophobic substrate[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114(27): 6930-6935. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700197114, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164620771903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=15, rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Qi Y L, Yang Z B, Chen T T, et al. Fabrication of superhydrophobic surface with desirable anti-icing performance based on micro/nano-structures and organosilane groups[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 501: 144165. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144165, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164700463680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=16, rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Yang X W, Liu J W, Lu Y, et al. Anti-icing during droplet impact on superhydrophobic cold cylindrical surfaces[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 272: 126327. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126327, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164763378241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=17, rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bhushan B, Jung Y C, Koch K. Self-cleaning efficiency of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2009, 25(5): 3240-3248. doi: 10.1021/la803860d, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164830487106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Y H, Moevius L, Xu X P, et al. Pancake bouncing on superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Nature Physics, 2014, 10(7): 515-519. doi: 10.1038/nphys2980, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164901790275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=19, rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Bird J C, Dhiman R, Kwon H M, et al. Reducing the contact time of a bouncing drop[J]. Nature, 2013, 503(7476): 385-388. doi: 10.1038/nature12740, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177164977287748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=20, rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhu P G, Chen C M, Nandakumar K, et al. Nonspecular reflection of droplets[J]. Small, 2021, 17(3): 2006695. doi: 10.1002/smll.202006695, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177165040202309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhao Z P, Li W, Hu X T, et al. The limit of droplet rebound angle[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16: 5684. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-61300-4, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177165094728262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu Q B, Su Q T, Hong Q, et al. A droplet splitter: simple, controlled and efficient droplet splitting using superhydrophobic pyramid structures[J]. Droplet, 2025, 4(3): e70014. doi: 10.1002/dro2.70014, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177165166031431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=de Jong R, Enríquez O R, van der Meer D. Exploring droplet impact near a millimetre-sized hole: comparing a closed pit with an open-ended pore[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2015, 772: 427-444. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2015.220, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177165224751688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ryu S, Sen P, Nam Y, et al. Water penetration through a superhydrophobic mesh during a drop impact[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(1): 014501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.014501, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177165413495369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhan H Y, Shan C W, Lu C G, et al. Drop impact on a superhydrophobic surface with single groove[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, 267(3): 032088. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/267/3/032088, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177165476409930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Clanet C, Béguin C, Richard D, et al. Maximal deformation of an impacting drop[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2004, 517: 199-208. doi: 10.1017/s0022112004000904, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320177167116382795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Richard D, Clanet C, Quéré D. Contact time of a bouncing drop[J]. Nature, 2002, 417(6891): 811. doi: 10.1038/417811a, articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320177156471239153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156479627762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156488016371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320177158148960756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177158157349365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177158148960756, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177158161543670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177158148960756, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2香港城市大学深圳研究院,深圳 518000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320177159851848209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Morphology and wetting property of the superhydrophobic glass slot substrate, figureFileSmall=xD69Wubj0jhJVLHW1Awufw==, figureFileBig=qAEXojusJg+2jHhq0O2wQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177159918957074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图1, caption=超疏水单狭缝基底的形貌与润湿性表征, figureFileSmall=xD69Wubj0jhJVLHW1Awufw==, figureFileBig=qAEXojusJg+2jHhq0O2wQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160007037459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic of the experimental setup, figureFileSmall=n/OtEpgK9DzBHwf89yFBsw==, figureFileBig=dUwj5ETTucRhiGpB1LQIJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160074146324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图2, caption=实验装置图, figureFileSmall=n/OtEpgK9DzBHwf89yFBsw==, figureFileBig=dUwj5ETTucRhiGpB1LQIJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160158032405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Side-view dynamics of complete droplet rebound on a superhydrophobic single-slot surface, figureFileSmall=uOvOEseNc9GQT/Sj520krg==, figureFileBig=Pwb+LcpWv0BlH6jdapxJGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160237724182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图3, caption=液滴在超疏水单狭缝表面发生完整回弹的动态过程(侧视), figureFileSmall=uOvOEseNc9GQT/Sj520krg==, figureFileBig=Pwb+LcpWv0BlH6jdapxJGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160304833047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Top-view dynamics of complete droplet rebound on a superhydrophobic single-slot surface, figureFileSmall=QRzxmkjWiTh3i7X8zVCLVA==, figureFileBig=tWMWeDfOSZ0ZVSmUURc/3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160380330520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图4, caption=液滴在超疏水单狭缝表面发生完整回弹的动态过程(俯视), figureFileSmall=QRzxmkjWiTh3i7X8zVCLVA==, figureFileBig=tWMWeDfOSZ0ZVSmUURc/3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160447439385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Dynamic process of droplets rebounding while partially passing through the slot, figureFileSmall=p01+IOeuWTez9ia9wVAxNg==, figureFileBig=Z2fQmjxNMN28U4FAnEPW8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160506159642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图5, caption=液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面回弹并部分穿透狭缝的动态过程, figureFileSmall=p01+IOeuWTez9ia9wVAxNg==, figureFileBig=Z2fQmjxNMN28U4FAnEPW8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160573268507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Dynamic process of droplet breakup while partially passing through the slot, figureFileSmall=41B/R2Sc/ypv8CZoJdYYog==, figureFileBig=hHSuoU4i+u+NUBcvLsn9XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160640377372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图6, caption=液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面后破碎并部分穿透狭缝的动态行为, figureFileSmall=41B/R2Sc/ypv8CZoJdYYog==, figureFileBig=hHSuoU4i+u+NUBcvLsn9XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160711680541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Dynamic process of droplets totally passing through the slot, figureFileSmall=FRMcPLI4PK5M8jSIOiJbHA==, figureFileBig=ybQJ3MdZyidTZr2q1fyHbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160770400798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图7, caption=液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面后完全穿透狭缝的动态行为, figureFileSmall=FRMcPLI4PK5M8jSIOiJbHA==, figureFileBig=ybQJ3MdZyidTZr2q1fyHbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160833315359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Phase diagram of droplet impact on superhydrophobic slot surface, figureFileSmall=ljZjGNN/Wfsic+TAv5Kddg==, figureFileBig=YvFqJIh6zjP5uL7vfRx00w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160896229920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图8, caption=液滴撞击超疏水狭缝表面的动力学行为相图, figureFileSmall=ljZjGNN/Wfsic+TAv5Kddg==, figureFileBig=YvFqJIh6zjP5uL7vfRx00w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177160959144481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Liquid mass of droplets passing through the slot surface under different impact conditions, figureFileSmall=dBv+s2Gaon/5nR75s9S7Gw==, figureFileBig=pmex2knpK2mrSta9wzzSWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177162599117346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同撞击条件下液滴穿透狭缝表面的液体质量, figureFileSmall=dBv+s2Gaon/5nR75s9S7Gw==, figureFileBig=pmex2knpK2mrSta9wzzSWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177162674614819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Relationship between the maximum spreading factor and Weber number for droplets on slots of varying widths (Inset is the illustration of a droplet at its maximum spreading diameter), figureFileSmall=27JLYui9ns1LHb1bE7DWIg==, figureFileBig=fAY/JwNiTQ4q7qJivoZ/gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177162741723684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同狭缝宽度下液滴最大铺展系数随We的变化关系图(插图为液滴达到最大铺展直径的示意图), figureFileSmall=27JLYui9ns1LHb1bE7DWIg==, figureFileBig=fAY/JwNiTQ4q7qJivoZ/gQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177162808832549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison between the experimental and theoretical values of the maximum spreading coefficient, figureFileSmall=x0LDBfsLB9EVhRX7Crosrg==, figureFileBig=HBm0yYGVcOUBILSAq4OAqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177162880135718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图11, caption=液滴最大铺展系数实验测量值与理论值对比, figureFileSmall=x0LDBfsLB9EVhRX7Crosrg==, figureFileBig=HBm0yYGVcOUBILSAq4OAqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177162938855975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Variation of droplet contact time with the Weber number at different slot widths, figureFileSmall=/sFezrPHPJEqxHLnWWVwXw==, figureFileBig=+guGua3qouKj0I1RH92SsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177163001770536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同狭缝宽度下液滴接触时间随We的变化, figureFileSmall=/sFezrPHPJEqxHLnWWVwXw==, figureFileBig=+guGua3qouKj0I1RH92SsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177163060490793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Normalized contact time varying with the Weber number, figureFileSmall=D3BLO0s+tCu68SHU5lwWHA==, figureFileBig=ghyWB26yus8Kr2SdVc5M7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177163123405354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=图13, caption=归一化接触时间随We的变化, figureFileSmall=D3BLO0s+tCu68SHU5lwWHA==, figureFileBig=ghyWB26yus8Kr2SdVc5M7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320177163190514219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Experimental conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
D0/mm下落高度/mm液体碰撞速度v0/(m·s−1)韦伯数We
2.850.324.03
100.407.99
150.5612.18
200.6516.39
250.7220.34
300.723.59
350.8427.51
400.8729.62
450.9635.45
500.9736.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320177163257623084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验条件参数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
D0/mm下落高度/mm液体碰撞速度v0/(m·s−1)韦伯数We
2.850.324.03
100.407.99
150.5612.18
200.6516.39
250.7220.34
300.723.59
350.8427.51
400.8729.62
450.9635.45
500.9736.59
), ArticleFig(id=1320177163320537645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Width of the slot

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W/mm $W^* $
0.250.09
0.500.18
0.880.31
1.250.45
1.500.54
), ArticleFig(id=1320177163396035118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

狭缝宽度表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W/mm $W^* $
0.250.09
0.500.18
0.880.31
1.250.45
1.500.54
), ArticleFig(id=1320177163471532591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Values of A and B for different $W^* $

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W*AB
0.09−0.580.87
0.25−0.430.90
0.31−0.270.89
0.45−0.190.86
0.54−0.170.83
), ArticleFig(id=1320177163542835760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同无量纲宽度$W^* $下拟合项A与B的值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W*AB
0.09−0.580.87
0.25−0.430.90
0.31−0.270.89
0.45−0.190.86
0.54−0.170.83
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1301845723249213501, delFlag=0, nameCn=实验流体力学, nameEn=Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1672-9897, eissn=null, cn=11-5266/V, coden=null, periodic=1, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IysuUGLKdKcj9RHlN5gAEg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1788313807548, updatedTime=1788949682314, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Mechanics, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Mechanics, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IysuUGLKdKcj9RHlN5gAEg==, picEn=MUNgw96SN0FA0em9JlrmxA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1304512775422763299, language=CN, name=实验流体力学, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949682336, updatedTime=1788949682336, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://journal08.magtech.org.cn/JournalX_jefm/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://journal08.magtech.org.cn/JournalX_jefm/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://journal08.magtech.org.cn/JournalX_jefm/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1304512775494066468, language=EN, name=Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1788949682353, updatedTime=1788949682353, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=http://journal08.magtech.org.cn/JournalX_jefm/authorLogOn.action, submissionEditorUrl=http://journal08.magtech.org.cn/JournalX_jefm/editorLogOn.action, submissionReviewUrl=http://journal08.magtech.org.cn/JournalX_jefm/expertLogOn.action, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1301849854269554754, websiteList=[Website(id=1301850242698203523, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1301849854269554754, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/CN, language=CN, createTime=1788314885067, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1788315382349, updateBy=18614031015, name=实验流体力学-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=实验流体力学, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1301852435719410379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1788315407924, updateTime=1788315407924, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435702633160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1788315407920, updateTime=1788315407920, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435736187598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1788315407928, updateTime=1788315407928, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435694244551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/CN/file/pic?fileId=u3wxh4gof8CT/q0oNx2Reg==, createTime=1788315407918, updateTime=1788315407918, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435748770512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1788315407931, updateTime=1788315407931, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435715216074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/CN/file/pic, createTime=1788315407923, updateTime=1788315407923, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435744576207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1788315407930, updateTime=1788315407930, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435706827465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1788315407921, updateTime=1788315407921, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435727798988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1788315407926, updateTime=1788315407926, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852435731993293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242698203523, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1788315407927, updateTime=1788315407927, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1301850242782089608, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1301849854269554754, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/EN, language=EN, createTime=1788314885087, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1788315376904, updateBy=18614031015, name=实验流体力学-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1301852461459854040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1788315414061, updateTime=1788315414061, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461434688213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1788315414055, updateTime=1788315414055, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461493408475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1788315414069, updateTime=1788315414069, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461426299604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/EN/file/pic?fileId=u3wxh4gof8CT/q0oNx2Reg==, createTime=1788315414053, updateTime=1788315414053, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461510185693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1788315414073, updateTime=1788315414073, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461451465431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/EN/file/pic, createTime=1788315414059, updateTime=1788315414059, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461497602780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1788315414070, updateTime=1788315414070, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461443076822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1788315414057, updateTime=1788315414057, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461468242649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1788315414063, updateTime=1788315414063, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1301852461485019866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1301850242782089608, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1788315414067, updateTime=1788315414067, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=实验流体力学, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.syltlx.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, journalPhotoCn=IysuUGLKdKcj9RHlN5gAEg==, journalPhotoEn=MUNgw96SN0FA0em9JlrmxA==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/CN/10.11729/syltlx20260001, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/EN/10.11729/syltlx20260001, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/CN/PDF/10.11729/syltlx20260001, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/EN/PDF/10.11729/syltlx20260001, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1787587200000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面的实验研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
周莹 1 , 卢孝勇 1 , 朱平安 1, 2, *
实验流体力学 | 微纳尺度流动专刊 2026,40(4): 130-137
收起
收藏切换
实验流体力学 |微纳尺度流动专刊 2026 , 40 (4) : 130 -137
液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面的实验研究
全屏
[Author(id=1320177158228652536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yzhou462-c@my.cityu.edu.hk, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158312538618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158228652536, language=EN, stringName=Ying Zhou, firstName=Ying, middleName=null, lastName=Zhou, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158396424699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158228652536, language=CN, stringName=周莹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077, bio={"content":"

周莹(1996—),女,山东济宁人,博士。研究方向:开放条件下的液滴碰撞。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

周莹(1996—),女,山东济宁人,博士。研究方向:开放条件下的液滴碰撞。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320177156471239153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156479627762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156488016371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1320177158509670909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158589362687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158509670909, language=EN, stringName=Jack Hau Yung Lo, firstName=Jack Hau Yung, middleName=null, lastName=Lo, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158660665856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158509670909, language=CN, stringName=卢孝勇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320177156471239153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156479627762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156488016371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077)])]), Author(id=1320177158731969026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=pingazhu@cityu.edu.hk, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158824243717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158731969026, language=EN, stringName=Pingan Zhu, firstName=Pingan, middleName=null, lastName=Zhu, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
2City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320177158903935494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, authorId=1320177158731969026, language=CN, stringName=朱平安, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, *, address=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077
2香港城市大学深圳研究院,深圳 518000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320177156471239153, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156479627762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177156488016371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177156471239153, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077)]), AuthorCompany(id=1320177158148960756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177158157349365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177158148960756, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320177158161543670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, articleId=1320176388766806885, companyId=1320177158148960756, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2香港城市大学深圳研究院,深圳 518000)])])]
周莹1 , 卢孝勇1, 朱平安1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077
  • 2香港城市大学深圳研究院,深圳 518000
通讯作者:
作者简介:

周莹(1996—),女,山东济宁人,博士。研究方向:开放条件下的液滴碰撞。E-mail:

Experimental study of droplet impact on superhydrophobic single-slot surfaces
Ying Zhou1 , Jack Hau Yung Lo1, Pingan Zhu1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
  • 2City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.11729/syltlx20260001
文章导航
收藏切换

液滴撞击超疏水表面的动力学研究多集中于无宏观几何特征的常规表面,对实际工程中广泛存在的、具有宏观结构的非常规表面关注不足。本文通过实验探究了液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面的动力学行为,系统考察了无量纲狭缝宽度(狭缝实际宽度与液滴初始直径之比,0.09~0.54)和韦伯数(4.03~36.59)对液滴铺展、回缩、穿透及破碎过程的影响。本文通过实验观察到完整回弹、回弹并部分穿透、破碎并部分穿透及完全穿透4种典型行为,并绘制了其对应的参数相图。液滴的最大铺展直径随狭缝宽度增加而逐渐减小。通过考虑狭缝宽度和液体穿透高度,本文建立了修正后的最大铺展系数与韦伯数的理论预测模型,理论值与实验值具有良好的一致性。此外,由于部分液体在撞击过程中穿透狭缝,导致参与铺展与回缩的有效质量减少,使得液滴与表面的接触时间显著缩短。

液滴碰撞  /  超疏水表面  /  单一狭缝  /  最大铺展系数  /  接触时间

Existing studies of droplet impact dynamics on superhydrophobic surfaces have predominantly focused on conventional substrates lacking macroscopic geometric features, while comparatively limited attention has been given to non-conventional surfaces with macro-structures that are common in practical engineering. In this study, we experimentally investigate the impact dynamics of droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces featuring a single macroscopic slot. We systematically examine the effects of the dimensionless slot width (the ratio of the actual slot width to the initial droplet diameter, 0.09–0.54) and the Weber number (4.03–36.59) on droplet spreading, retraction, penetration, and fragmentation. Four characteristic regimes are observed—complete rebound, rebound with partial penetration, fragmentation with partial penetration, and full penetration—and their corresponding parameter maps are constructed. The maximum spreading diameter decreases progressively as the slot width increases. By accounting for both the slot width and liquid penetration height, a modified theoretical model is developed to predict the maximum spreading coefficient as a function of the Weber number, achieving great agreement with experimental measurements. Moreover, partial liquid penetration during impact reduces the effective mass involved in spreading and retraction, leading to a significant reduction in the droplet–surface contact time.

drop impact  /  superhydrophobic surface  /  single slot  /  maximum spreading coefficient  /  contact time
周莹, 卢孝勇, 朱平安. 液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面的实验研究. 实验流体力学, 2026 , 40 (4) : 130 -137 . DOI: 10.11729/syltlx20260001
Ying Zhou, Jack Hau Yung Lo, Pingan Zhu. Experimental study of droplet impact on superhydrophobic single-slot surfaces[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2026 , 40 (4) : 130 -137 . DOI: 10.11729/syltlx20260001
从自然现象中的雨水敲击地面[1],到发动机内的燃油喷雾[2],再到喷墨打印与增材制造[3-4],液滴与固体表面的相互作用不仅是自然界与工业生产生活中常见而重要的流体力学现象,更是界面科学和流体力学中的经典问题。该过程涉及液滴自身性质与固体表面特性之间的复杂竞争,撞击后的动力学行为往往决定了许多实际应用的效果与极限[5-6]。
关于液滴撞击固体表面的研究可追溯至19世纪末,Worthington[7]借助早期摄影技术,首次系统记录了液滴撞击后形成飞溅冠的详细过程,为该领域的后续研究奠定了重要基础。根据不同的初始撞击条件,液滴撞击固体表面后的动力学行为可主要归纳为铺展、快速飞溅、冠状飞溅、逐渐破裂、部分反弹和完全反弹这6类,其表现形式及结果主要受液滴初始条件和固体表面特性共同控制[8-9]。近年来,得益于高速成像技术的显著进步,人们得以更细致地了解液滴撞击过程中的接触线动态、内部流动结构及能量转化途径,并基于这些深入的机理认识,进一步实现了对液滴撞击行为的有效调控与主动设计[5, 10]。
其中,超疏水表面(通常定义为与水的接触角大于150°且滚动角小于10°的表面)具有极低的液固黏附力,能够显著促进液滴撞击后的铺展与回弹[11-13]。这一特性使其在热管理[14]、防除冰[15-16]和自清洁[17]等领域展现出重要的应用潜力。人们通常采用构建表面微纳结构或设置宏观阻碍来调控液滴的铺展与回缩过程,从而有效控制液滴的接触时间和回弹方向,以实现撞击后的快速弹离[18-19]、定向输运[20-21],乃至精准破碎[22]等功能。
现有关于液滴撞击超疏水表面的研究多集中于无宏观结构的超疏水表面。然而,实际工程中的超疏水表面往往并非如此,其可能因加工、装配或长期使用而存在微米至毫米尺度的沟槽、孔隙等开放性结构,这些宏观几何特征会显著改变液滴撞击的动力学行为。例如,当液滴撞击毫米级单孔时,封闭的凹坑可引发高速飞溅、射流和气泡捕获,而开放孔隙可产生有限飞溅,且存在不连续的飞溅区间[23]。当液滴撞击超疏水筛网时,极低的固液黏附作用使液滴在回缩阶段产生显著的流体动力聚焦效应,从而更有效地将表面能量转化为定向动能,因此在较低的撞击速度下即可实现网格穿透[24]。后续研究人员基于液滴撞击网格的动态特性进一步发展出了液滴撞击打印技术[3]。目前已有研究探讨了液滴撞击带有单沟槽的超疏水表面的动力学行为[25],发现沟槽深度和液滴撞击速度均会影响液滴的铺展回弹行为,且能够显著改变固液接触时间。
与传统的封闭表面结构不同,狭缝表面具有贯通开放性特征。当液滴撞击并跨越此类狭缝时,其动力学行为受超疏水表面特性和缝口几何形状的共同调控,容易产生液膜失稳、非对称碰撞和早期破碎等复杂现象。然而,目前针对这类开放狭缝结构的液滴撞击动力学研究尚不充分。
为此,本文以液滴撞击超疏水狭缝表面为研究对象,通过系统分析狭缝结构对液滴动态行为的影响,重点探究缝隙宽度和撞击速度对液滴铺展形态、回缩模式、脱离条件及接触时间的调控规律,以期为复杂结构超疏水表面的液滴行为预测和功能化设计提供参考。
本文的实验基底由2块经超疏水处理的玻璃板沿长边间隔一定距离并列放置而成,通过调整其间距可形成宽度可调的单狭缝结构。玻璃板尺寸均为25 mm × 75 mm × 1 mm(宽 × 长 × 厚),狭缝深度即为玻璃板厚度(1 mm)。玻璃基板的超疏水处理步骤如下:首先,依次使用丙酮、乙醇和去离子水对玻璃板进行超声清洗,每次持续10 min,以彻底去除表面污染物;然后,使用压缩空气将清洗后的玻璃板吹干,并使用喷枪将商用超疏水涂层(氟硅改性二氧化硅,东莞维晶纳米材料有限公司)均匀喷涂于所有表面;最后,将喷涂后的基板置于室温环境中固化24 h,以获得稳定的超疏水效果。
经上述处理后,2块玻璃板的所有表面(包括内侧壁)均具有一致的超疏水特性。图1(a)展示了狭缝边缘的扫描电镜图像:狭缝呈清晰的直角形态,且上表面和内壁均被纳米颗粒覆盖。使用接触角测量仪(CSCIDC−350,广东晟鼎智能装备股份有限公司)对处理后的玻璃基板进行测量(图1(b)),得到去离子水在该玻璃基板上的表观接触角为154.8° ± 1.6°,滚动角为3.3° ± 1.4°,表明处理后的玻璃基板具有良好的超疏水性能。
实验装置如图2所示,其中W为狭缝宽度。实验所用液体为去离子水,其密度ρ = 997 kg/m3。 表面张力γ = 72.8 mN/m,动力黏度μ = 0.89 mPa·s(25 ℃)。使用流量泵(LSP01−1A)配合注射器,通过垂直于狭缝表面的不锈钢针头生成初始直径D0 ≈ 2.8 mm的液滴,通过调节针头与实验表面的距离可获得不同的液滴初始下落速度。使用精密移动平台调节2块玻璃板的相对间距,狭缝宽度可调范围为0.25~1.50 mm。狭缝下方放置培养皿,用于收集液滴穿透狭缝时溅射出的液体。液滴运动过程采用背光法拍摄,使用水平布置的Fastcam Mini 高速相机(帧率5000 帧/s)和Nikon AF Micro 105 mm f/2.8D微距镜头记录。所有实验均在 25 ℃ 的恒温环境中进行。每个实验工况均进行至少3次独立重复实验,最终数据为多次重复实验结果的均值,误差则为多次重复实验数据的标准差。
实验所用液滴参数如表1所示。所有图像均使用Image J软件进行分析。液滴撞击瞬间的速度v0通过其与固体表面接触前连续10帧图像中质心的位移计算得到。采用无量纲韦伯数(We)表征撞击初始动能与表面能的比值,其定义为:
$ We=\frac{\rho D_0v_0^2}{\gamma} $
为便于分析狭缝宽度对液滴行为的影响,引入无量纲狭缝宽度$ W^* $($W^* $ = W/D0)来表征狭缝实际宽度W与液滴初始直径D0的相对比例。实验中采用的狭缝宽度及其对应的$W^* $如表2所示。
在本实验参数范围内,根据撞击后液滴的回弹和破碎形态,可归纳出以下4种典型结果:液滴完整回弹、液滴回弹并部分穿透狭缝、液滴破碎并部分液体穿透狭缝,以及液滴完全穿透狭缝。
液滴完整回弹是指液滴撞击狭缝表面后,经历铺展、回缩并最终完全脱离表面,且无任何液体穿透狭缝。图3展示了不同实验条件下,液滴在超疏水狭缝表面发生完整回弹的动态过程。
当狭缝宽度相对液滴尺寸较窄($W^* $ = 0.09)时,若韦伯数较低,则液滴动能不足以渗入缝隙,其撞击行为与平整超疏水表面类似,经历铺展回缩后整体弹离(图3(a))。随着韦伯数增大,液滴撞击后会发生瞬时的底部渗透(图3(b),4.4 ms),但在表面张力与超疏水低黏附作用的共同主导下,回缩阶段渗入的液体被完全拉回(图3(b),10.2 ms),液滴保持完整并最终完全脱离,表面几乎无残留(图3(b),15.2 ms)。
当狭缝宽度较大时(图3(c)),即使初始动能较低,液体仍会在惯性作用下渗入缝隙(图3(c),5.4 ms)。此时回缩产生的力不足以将渗入部分完全收回(图3(c),11.4 ms),但由于液滴整体在回缩末期仍具有向上的动量,渗入液体被随之拉出,最终液滴仍以完整形态回弹(图3(c),15.2 ms)。
为了进一步探究狭缝对液滴动力学对称性的影响,补充了撞击过程的俯视图像(图4)。结果显示,在低We下,液滴能保持较好的轴对称性(图4(a));但在较高We下,由于狭缝对接触线移动的各向异性约束,液滴在铺展阶段呈非圆形特征(图4(b))。
当液滴惯性足够大时,部分液体能够克服表面张力并穿入狭缝,形成向下发展的射流。受狭缝几何尺寸限制,大部分液体仍保留在狭缝上方,继续参与后续的回缩过程。图5展示了不同条件下液滴撞击后发生回弹且部分穿透狭缝的过程。
撞击初期,液滴中心区域在惯性作用下明显穿入狭缝(图5(a)和(b),4 ms)。进入回缩阶段后,狭缝边缘附近因流动分离可能形成局部低压,使向射流补充的液体减速;与此同时,射流尖端因惯性仍保持较高速度,导致射流被显著拉伸。随着回缩过程持续,拉伸的射流逐渐与液滴主体分离并失稳,最终断裂为离散液滴(图5(a))。当韦伯数进一步增大时,主射流断裂后,未能被主体完全拉回的液体在狭缝处发生毛细夹断,形成多个卫星液滴(图5(b))。断裂后的液滴在重力作用下穿透狭缝下落,而液滴主体则在表面张力作用下回弹并脱离表面。
图5(c)为液滴回弹并部分穿透狭缝时液滴撞击过程的俯视图。可以看到,狭缝的存在打破了液滴铺展的轴对称性:在最大铺展时刻(图5(c),4 ms),液滴沿狭缝垂直方向的铺展半径略大于狭缝方向,呈现各向异性的椭圆分布。进入回缩阶段后(图5(c),6.4 ms),液滴演化为独特的“蝴蝶状”,但此时液滴主体边缘仍保持连续完整,待收缩完成后从表面弹起。
当狭缝宽度进一步增大,液滴撞击后往往会发生剧烈的铺展与分裂。液滴中心部分受狭缝几何约束而产生不对称流动,进而引发液膜失稳,使得液滴在部分穿透狭缝的同时,停留在表面的主体液滴沿缝缘断裂为2个较大的子液滴。图6展示了$W^* $ = 0.31时,液滴撞击狭缝表面后主体破碎并部分穿透狭缝的动态过程。可以看到,最终液滴被狭缝切割断裂成3部分:穿透狭缝的液滴及沿表面继续弹跳的2个较小的子液滴(图6(a))。从俯视图(图6(b))可以看出,在该撞击条件下,狭缝对液膜回缩动力学施加了更强的几何约束;并且,狭缝边缘对液体的切割发生在液膜沿边缘完成回缩之前(图6(b),4 ms),从而导致液滴发生破碎回弹。
当缝隙宽度进一步扩大,即使撞击速度很低,由于液体自身重力作用,其底部也会显著下垂并完全陷入狭缝。如图7所示,当液滴撞击较宽($W^* $ = 0.54)的狭缝时,超疏水表面上液滴的表面张力不足以平衡重力并维持液滴的完整悬挂,因此,液滴会发生准静态失稳,整体缓慢地穿透狭缝进而滴落(图7(a))。
随着狭缝宽度进一步增大,液滴在表面上的铺展受到显著限制,在俯视视角下呈现出沿狭缝方向拉伸的长条状形态(图7(b))。该过程表明:当几何约束强度超过临界值时,系统的主导能量由表面张力转变为重力势能,使液滴难以积聚足够的弹性势能以实现回弹,最终演变为完全穿透模式。
图8展示了不同条件下液滴动态过程的行为相图。可以看出,液滴完整回弹(区域Ⅰ)主要出现在较小的无量纲狭缝宽度($W^* $ ≤ 0.31)和较低的韦伯数(We ≤ 20.336)范围内,且其临界韦伯数随狭缝宽度增大而逐渐降低。液滴完全穿透狭缝(区域Ⅳ)则发生在较大的狭缝宽度($W^* $ ≥ 0.45)和中等韦伯数(We ≤ 23.586)范围内。介于两者之间的液滴部分回弹(区域Ⅱ),作为向破碎区域(III)的过渡,主要出现在中等韦伯数和中等狭缝宽度的参数区间内。
图9展示了不同撞击条件下液滴穿透狭缝后下落的液体质量mp随韦伯数的变化关系。可以看出:在相同韦伯数下,随着狭缝宽度增大,穿透狭缝的液体质量相应增大。而对于同一狭缝宽度,韦伯数对穿透狭缝的液体质量的影响在不同狭缝宽度下均呈现分段特征:当韦伯数低于30时,在部分回弹模式下,穿透液体质量随韦伯数增大而上升;而当韦伯数超过30时,穿透液体质量趋于稳定。这是因为当韦伯数较高时,尽管撞击动能增大,但受限于狭缝的物理宽度和边缘的毛细阻力,穿透液体的通量达到饱和,不再随韦伯数增大呈现出明显的线性增大趋势。
最大铺展系数(Dmax/D0)是液滴撞击研究中的关键无量纲参数,通常定义为最大铺展直径(Dmax)与初始直径的比值。图10展示了不同撞击条件下液滴的最大铺展系数随韦伯数的变化关系。从图中可以看出:对于同一韦伯数,最大铺展系数随狭缝宽度的增大而减小。这主要源于撞击过程中液体瞬时渗入狭缝,导致可用于横向铺展的液体体积减小。对于同一狭缝宽度,最大铺展系数则随韦伯数的增大而增大,这与液滴撞击普通超疏水表面的趋势一致。
对于超疏水表面,理论上存在$ \beta $ ∝ We1/4的标度关系[26],其中$\beta $ = Dmax/D0。然而,由于狭缝结构的存在影响了液滴铺展的绝对尺寸,以往最大铺展系数随韦伯数变化的标度规律不再完全适用。本文考虑狭缝宽度对铺展系数的影响,定义液滴最大铺展时陷入狭缝内的高度为H,对应的无量纲高度为$H^* $($H^* $ = H/D0)。假设液滴最大铺展时,表面液膜厚度为h0,通过平衡毛细力和重力[26],可得h0 ∝$ {(\gamma {{D}_{0}}/\rho {v_{0}^{2}})}^{1/2} $ ∝ $ W{e}^{-1/2} {D}_{0} $。根据体积守恒进行量纲分析,可得出下列公式:
$ {D}_{\max }^{2}{h}_{0} + W H {D}_{\max } \propto {D}_{0}^{3} $
将h0 ∝ $ W{e}^{-1/2} {D}_{0} $代入式(2),并对两边进行变换可得:
$ {\beta }^{2} + W^* H^* W{e}^{1/2} \beta \propto W{e}^{1/2} $
对式(3)进行因式分解可得:
$ \beta \propto \left[-({W}^{*} {H}^{*} W{e}^{1/2}) + \sqrt{{({{W}^{^{*}}} {{H}^{^{*}}} W{{e}^{1/2}})}^{2} + 4W{e}^{1/2}}\right]/2 $
通过提取其2个特征项并进行线性加权,可得修正后的最大铺展系数模型:
$ \beta \propto A W^* H^* W{e}^{1/2} + B W{e}^{1/4} $
式中:$H^* $为测量所得高度,A和B为不同$W^* $所拟合出的常数。
式(5)右侧的2项具有明确的物理意义:We1/4代表液滴自身的惯性铺展能力,$W^* H^* We^{1/2} $则反映了狭缝结构对铺展过程的影响。由于式(3)仅给出了量纲上的比例关系,实际物理过程中的能量损耗、接触角等因素无法通过代数推导完全确定,因此通过实验数据拟合得到了常数A和B(表3),实现了理论模型的半经验修正。
图11为铺展系数的实验测量值$\beta _{\mathrm{e}} $和理论值$\beta _{\mathrm{t}} $的对比。可以看到:使用修正后的模型(式(5))预测不同狭缝宽度和韦伯数下的最大铺展系数,预测值与实验值呈线性关系,表明模型预测与实验结果的一致性较好。
接触时间是表征液滴与撞击表面相互作用效率的关键动态参数之一。在本文中,接触时间指液滴底部首次接触固体表面到固体表面和狭缝内侧不再有液体接触的时间间隔,无论其结束方式是完全回弹、破碎回弹还是完全穿透。
图12展示了不同狭缝宽度下液滴的接触时间tc随韦伯数的变化关系。结果表明,随着韦伯数的增大,接触时间显著缩短;此外,在较高的韦伯数下,较大的狭缝宽度也对应着更短的接触时间。而在较宽的狭缝条件下(如$W^* $ = 0.45,We = 4.03~12.18),液滴在低韦伯数时会倾向于缓慢滑入狭缝,导致接触时间延长。此时,接触时间主要受液滴与狭缝侧壁相互作用的控制。
结合液滴动力学行为相图可知,接触时间的减少主要出现在液滴部分回弹和破碎回弹2个区间。导致接触时间减少的原因可以从2个方面理解:一方面是回缩路径缩短−当液滴分裂成2个子液滴后,每个子液滴的回缩特征长度显著减小,接触线回缩至中心所需时间随之缩短;另一方面是动力学因素−撞击过程中部分液体穿过狭缝,导致参与表面铺展与回缩的有效质量减少,从而进一步缩短了接触时间。
为了验证后一假设,将液滴的理论接触时间[27]τ $\left( \tau \propto \sqrt{\rho {({{D}_{0}}/2)}^{3}/\gamma }\right) $进行了修正:假设穿透狭缝的质量mp不参与液体铺展回缩过程,引入等效理论接触时间$\tau^* $,其表达式为:
$ \tau^*=\tau \cdot \sqrt{({m}_{{\mathrm{d}}}-{m}_{{\mathrm{p}}})/{m}_{{\mathrm{d}}}} $
式中:md为液滴的初始质量。需要说明的是,在该修正模型中我们忽略了狭缝内的气垫效应与毛细作用。这是由于本文研究的单狭缝为贯通式开放结构,撞击过程中空气可从狭缝底部自由排出,难以形成有效的压缩气垫;同时,考虑到基底的超疏水特性及狭缝的宏观尺度,在所研究的韦伯数范围内,惯性力占主导地位,毛细阻力对液滴整体回缩动力学的影响较小。
图13为使用等效理论接触时间$ \tau^* $对实验所得接触时间tc进行归一化处理的结果。由于完全穿透狭缝(图8,区域Ⅳ)的接触时间主要由液滴与狭缝侧壁的相互作用决定,而非由表面的铺展回缩过程主导,因此该情况未纳入归一化分析。图13显示:其余所有情况的归一化接触时间均在2.09附近波动,证明前文中“有效质量减少”的假设能够较好地解释接触时间缩短的现象。
本文研究了液滴撞击超疏水单狭缝表面的动力学行为,得出主要结论如下:
1)液滴撞击后呈现4种典型行为−完整回弹、回弹并部分穿透、破碎并部分穿透和完全穿透,其发生区间由无量纲狭缝宽度$ W^* $与韦伯数We共同界定。
2)穿透狭缝的液体质量随狭缝宽度的增大而增大。穿透质量在We < 30时随We升高而增大,当We ≥ 30后则受狭缝宽度约束而趋于稳定。
3)最大铺展系数随狭缝宽度增大而减小。考虑狭缝宽度建立了新的拟合模型,实验值与修正后的理论值一致性较好。
4)接触时间随We增大而缩短,且同一We下较宽的狭缝对应于更短的接触时间。造成该现象的主要原因是部分液体穿透狭缝,导致参与铺展回缩的有效质量减少。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
Zhao R C, Zhang Q Y, Tjugito H, et al. Raindrop impact on a sandy surface[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2015, 27(9): 091111. doi: 10.1063/1.4930917
2
Andreassi L, Ubertini S, Allocca L. Experimental and numerical analysis of high pressure diesel spray–wall interaction[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2007, 33(7): 742-765. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2007.01.003
3
Modak C D, Kumar A, Tripathy A, et al. Drop impact printing[J]. Nature Communications, 2020, 11: 4327. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18103-6
4
Sun Z N, Zeng X, Deng X, et al. Droplet interface in additive manufacturing: from process to application[J]. Droplet, 2023, 2(2): e57. doi: 10.1002/dro2.57
5
Wang X, Wang G Q, Chen X X, et al. Recent experimental review of droplet impact morphology and dynamics[J]. Fluid Dynamics, 2025, 60(5): 102. doi: 10.1134/S0015462825601688
6
Josserand C, Thoroddsen S T. Drop impact on a solid surface[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2016, 48: 365-391. doi: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-122414-034401
7
Worthington A M. The splash of a drop[M]. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1895.
8
Yarin A L. Drop impact dynamics: splashing, spreading, receding, bouncing…[J]. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 2006, 38: 159-192. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092144
9
Rioboo R, Tropea C, Marengo M. Outcomes from a drop impact on solid surfaces[J]. Atomization and Sprays, 2001, 11(2): 12. doi: 10.1615/atomizspr.v11.i2.40
10
Yu X J, Zhang Y, Hu R, et al. Water droplet bouncing dynamics[J]. Nano Energy, 2021, 81: 105647. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105647
11
Hu Z F, Chu F Q, Shan H, et al. Understanding and utilizing droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces: phenomena, mechanisms, regulations, applications, and beyond[J]. Advanced Materials, 2024, 36(11): 2310177. doi: 10.1002/adma.202310177
12
Feng L, Li S H, Li Y S, et al. Super-hydrophobic surfaces: from natural to artificial[J]. ChemInform, 2003, 34(7): 200307200. doi: 10.1002/chin.200307200
13
Chen W F, Huang Z W, Xiao T, et al. Advancing superhydrophobic surfaces: from mechanism insights and design strategies to intelligent applications[J]. APL Materials, 2025, 13(6): 060606. doi: 10.1063/5.0271653
14
Shiri S, Bird J C. Heat exchange between a bouncing drop and a superhydrophobic substrate[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017, 114(27): 6930-6935. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700197114
15
Qi Y L, Yang Z B, Chen T T, et al. Fabrication of superhydrophobic surface with desirable anti-icing performance based on micro/nano-structures and organosilane groups[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2020, 501: 144165. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.144165
16
Yang X W, Liu J W, Lu Y, et al. Anti-icing during droplet impact on superhydrophobic cold cylindrical surfaces[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 272: 126327. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.126327
17
Bhushan B, Jung Y C, Koch K. Self-cleaning efficiency of artificial superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2009, 25(5): 3240-3248. doi: 10.1021/la803860d
18
Liu Y H, Moevius L, Xu X P, et al. Pancake bouncing on superhydrophobic surfaces[J]. Nature Physics, 2014, 10(7): 515-519. doi: 10.1038/nphys2980
19
Bird J C, Dhiman R, Kwon H M, et al. Reducing the contact time of a bouncing drop[J]. Nature, 2013, 503(7476): 385-388. doi: 10.1038/nature12740
20
Zhu P G, Chen C M, Nandakumar K, et al. Nonspecular reflection of droplets[J]. Small, 2021, 17(3): 2006695. doi: 10.1002/smll.202006695
21
Zhao Z P, Li W, Hu X T, et al. The limit of droplet rebound angle[J]. Nature Communications, 2025, 16: 5684. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-61300-4
22
Liu Q B, Su Q T, Hong Q, et al. A droplet splitter: simple, controlled and efficient droplet splitting using superhydrophobic pyramid structures[J]. Droplet, 2025, 4(3): e70014. doi: 10.1002/dro2.70014
23
de Jong R, Enríquez O R, van der Meer D. Exploring droplet impact near a millimetre-sized hole: comparing a closed pit with an open-ended pore[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2015, 772: 427-444. doi: 10.1017/jfm.2015.220
24
Ryu S, Sen P, Nam Y, et al. Water penetration through a superhydrophobic mesh during a drop impact[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(1): 014501. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.014501
25
Zhan H Y, Shan C W, Lu C G, et al. Drop impact on a superhydrophobic surface with single groove[J]. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, 267(3): 032088. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/267/3/032088
26
Clanet C, Béguin C, Richard D, et al. Maximal deformation of an impacting drop[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2004, 517: 199-208. doi: 10.1017/s0022112004000904
27
Richard D, Clanet C, Quéré D. Contact time of a bouncing drop[J]. Nature, 2002, 417(6891): 811. doi: 10.1038/417811a
2026年第40卷第4期
PDF下载
47
18
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.11729/syltlx20260001
  • 接收时间:2026-01-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-22
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-04
  • 修回日期:2026-02-20
  • 录用日期:2026-03-19
基金
作者信息
    1香港城市大学 机械工程系,香港 999077
    2香港城市大学深圳研究院,深圳 518000

通讯作者:

参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/syltlx/CN/10.11729/syltlx20260001
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏