Article(id=1301954870739751193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, issueId=1301954868281889048, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11729/syltlx20250059, pmid=null, cstr=32472.14.syltlx20250059, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=1762099200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-03, acceptedDate=1762790400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-11-11, onlineDate=1788339830335, onlineDateStr=2026-09-02, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1788339830335, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-02, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1788339830335, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1788339830335, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1301954868281889048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, year='2026', volume='40', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='122', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1788339829750, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1788405138953, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1302228795092652288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, issueId=1301954868281889048, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1302228795092652289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, issueId=1301954868281889048, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1, endPage=7, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1301954871360508186, articleId=1301954870739751193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, language=EN, title=Experimental investigation on near-wall flow characteristics and vortex evolution process of jet in crossflow over woven surfaces, columnId=1301954870869778834, journalTitle=Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, columnName=Special Issue on Outstanding Papers at the 14th National Conference on Experimental Fluid Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) have emerged as a potential material for next-generation turbine blades due to their exceptional high-temperature resistance. Unlike conventional alloy blades, their unique weaving methods create periodic macro-scale surface roughness with distinct topological features. Previous studies have confirmed that these millimeter-scale groove-ridge structures significantly impact film cooling performance. However, systematic experimental investigation remains insufficient regarding the underlying flow mechanisms, particularly how woven-surface-induced near-wall flow characteristics affect the film cooling. This study models the problem as a jet in crossflow over woven surfaces and then conducts a Refractive-Index-Matching Particle-Image-Velocimetry (RIM–PIV) experiment. By precisely matching the refractive indices of fluid and solid wall, this technique overcomes conventional PIV limitations in near-wall measurements caused by laser reflection and optical distortion, enabling a precise resolution of the near-wall flow field. Results demonstrate that the woven surfaces substantially enhance spatiotemporal instabilities of the near-wall flow, and the swirling strength of the flow is particularly intensified over the ridge structures. The woven surfaces increase upstream hairpin vortex generation, while the ridge-induced lifting flow promotes the vortex detachment. These enhanced vortices intensify the fragmentation of shear vortices in the jet, accelerate jet momentum dissipation, and suppress the elevation of the jet. This leads to a reduced turbulent kinetic energy of the jet, and an attenuation of the windward-side Reynolds shear stress. Furthermore, strengthened interactions between the near-wall shear vortices in the jet and the downstream near-wall vortices lead to significantly enhanced flow instability and intensified shear stress in the jet wake region.

, authors=Zhaoyang XU, Weichen HUANG, Wenwu ZHOU*, Yingzheng LIU, authorsList=Zhaoyang XU, Weichen HUANG, Wenwu ZHOU, Yingzheng LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wenwu ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=Copyright ©2026 Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics. All rights reserved., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1301954875919716659, articleId=1301954870739751193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1301849854269554754, language=CN, title=编织表面横向射流的近壁流动特性及旋涡演化过程实验研究, columnId=1301954871012385172, journalTitle=实验流体力学, columnName=第十四届全国实验流体力学学术论文专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

陶瓷基复合材料因其优异的耐高温性能,已成为新一代涡轮叶片的潜在材料。不同于传统合金叶片,其特殊的编织成型工艺会形成具有周期性拓扑特征的宏观粗糙表面,这种编织产生的毫米级凹槽–脊表面形貌会显著影响叶片外部气膜冷却的效果。然而,关于其背后的流动现象,尤其是编织表面对近壁流场的影响如何作用于气膜冷却,目前仍缺乏系统性的实验研究。本研究将这一问题抽象为编织表面的横向射流,采用折射率匹配粒子图像测速技术(RIM–PIV)开展流动机理研究。该方法通过精确匹配流动工质与固体壁面的折射率,有效克服了传统PIV技术在近壁测量中的激光反射过曝及光学畸变问题,实现了编织表面近壁流场的精确解析。实验结果表明,编织表面显著增强了近壁流动的时空不稳定性,其中脊结构对流动旋转强度的提升作用尤为突出。编织结构使射流上游壁面发卡涡更频繁地生成,且脊结构的抬升作用促使旋涡结构从壁面脱落。这些增强的涡结构使横向射流剪切涡更加破碎,加快了射流核心区的动量耗散,同时抑制射流抬升,使射流的湍动能降低,迎风侧雷诺切应力减弱。与此同时,射流近壁侧剪切涡与下游壁面旋涡结构产生强烈的相互作用,最终在射流下游形成显著增强的流动不稳定区域,并导致近壁侧切应力增强。

, authors=徐昭旸, 黄伟宸, 周文武*, 刘应征, authorsList=徐昭旸, 黄伟宸, 周文武, 刘应征, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周文武, authorNote=

徐昭旸(2000—),男,上海人,博士研究生。研究方向:陶瓷基复合材料涡轮叶片编织表面对流动及传热特性的影响。E-mail:

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徐昭旸(2000—),男,上海人,博士研究生。研究方向:陶瓷基复合材料涡轮叶片编织表面对流动及传热特性的影响。E-mail:

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徐昭旸(2000—),男,上海人,博士研究生。研究方向:陶瓷基复合材料涡轮叶片编织表面对流动及传热特性的影响。E-mail:

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编织表面横向射流的近壁流动特性及旋涡演化过程实验研究
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徐昭旸 , 黄伟宸 , 周文武 * , 刘应征
实验流体力学 | 第十四届全国实验流体力学学术论文专题 2026,40(3): 1-7
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实验流体力学 |第十四届全国实验流体力学学术论文专题 2026 , 40 (3) : 1 -7
编织表面横向射流的近壁流动特性及旋涡演化过程实验研究
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徐昭旸 , 黄伟宸, 周文武* , 刘应征
作者信息
  • 上海交通大学 机械与动力工程学院 叶轮机械研究所,上海 200240
通讯作者:
作者简介:

徐昭旸(2000—),男,上海人,博士研究生。研究方向:陶瓷基复合材料涡轮叶片编织表面对流动及传热特性的影响。E-mail:

Experimental investigation on near-wall flow characteristics and vortex evolution process of jet in crossflow over woven surfaces
Zhaoyang XU , Weichen HUANG, Wenwu ZHOU* , Yingzheng LIU
Affiliations
  • Gas Turbine Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.11729/syltlx20250059
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陶瓷基复合材料因其优异的耐高温性能,已成为新一代涡轮叶片的潜在材料。不同于传统合金叶片,其特殊的编织成型工艺会形成具有周期性拓扑特征的宏观粗糙表面,这种编织产生的毫米级凹槽–脊表面形貌会显著影响叶片外部气膜冷却的效果。然而,关于其背后的流动现象,尤其是编织表面对近壁流场的影响如何作用于气膜冷却,目前仍缺乏系统性的实验研究。本研究将这一问题抽象为编织表面的横向射流,采用折射率匹配粒子图像测速技术(RIM–PIV)开展流动机理研究。该方法通过精确匹配流动工质与固体壁面的折射率,有效克服了传统PIV技术在近壁测量中的激光反射过曝及光学畸变问题,实现了编织表面近壁流场的精确解析。实验结果表明,编织表面显著增强了近壁流动的时空不稳定性,其中脊结构对流动旋转强度的提升作用尤为突出。编织结构使射流上游壁面发卡涡更频繁地生成,且脊结构的抬升作用促使旋涡结构从壁面脱落。这些增强的涡结构使横向射流剪切涡更加破碎,加快了射流核心区的动量耗散,同时抑制射流抬升,使射流的湍动能降低,迎风侧雷诺切应力减弱。与此同时,射流近壁侧剪切涡与下游壁面旋涡结构产生强烈的相互作用,最终在射流下游形成显著增强的流动不稳定区域,并导致近壁侧切应力增强。

编织表面  /  横向射流  /  旋涡演化  /  粒子图像测速  /  折射率匹配

Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) have emerged as a potential material for next-generation turbine blades due to their exceptional high-temperature resistance. Unlike conventional alloy blades, their unique weaving methods create periodic macro-scale surface roughness with distinct topological features. Previous studies have confirmed that these millimeter-scale groove-ridge structures significantly impact film cooling performance. However, systematic experimental investigation remains insufficient regarding the underlying flow mechanisms, particularly how woven-surface-induced near-wall flow characteristics affect the film cooling. This study models the problem as a jet in crossflow over woven surfaces and then conducts a Refractive-Index-Matching Particle-Image-Velocimetry (RIM–PIV) experiment. By precisely matching the refractive indices of fluid and solid wall, this technique overcomes conventional PIV limitations in near-wall measurements caused by laser reflection and optical distortion, enabling a precise resolution of the near-wall flow field. Results demonstrate that the woven surfaces substantially enhance spatiotemporal instabilities of the near-wall flow, and the swirling strength of the flow is particularly intensified over the ridge structures. The woven surfaces increase upstream hairpin vortex generation, while the ridge-induced lifting flow promotes the vortex detachment. These enhanced vortices intensify the fragmentation of shear vortices in the jet, accelerate jet momentum dissipation, and suppress the elevation of the jet. This leads to a reduced turbulent kinetic energy of the jet, and an attenuation of the windward-side Reynolds shear stress. Furthermore, strengthened interactions between the near-wall shear vortices in the jet and the downstream near-wall vortices lead to significantly enhanced flow instability and intensified shear stress in the jet wake region.

woven surface  /  jet in crossflow  /  vortex evolution  /  Particle Image Velocimetry  /  refractive index matching
徐昭旸, 黄伟宸, 周文武, 刘应征. 编织表面横向射流的近壁流动特性及旋涡演化过程实验研究. 实验流体力学, 2026 , 40 (3) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.11729/syltlx20250059
Zhaoyang XU, Weichen HUANG, Wenwu ZHOU, Yingzheng LIU. Experimental investigation on near-wall flow characteristics and vortex evolution process of jet in crossflow over woven surfaces[J]. Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, 2026 , 40 (3) : 1 -7 . DOI: 10.11729/syltlx20250059
随着燃气轮机及航空发动机进口温度的持续提升,兼具高熔点和高强度特性的陶瓷基复合材料(Ceramic Matrix Composites, CMCs)已成为新一代涡轮叶片的潜在材料[1-2]。与传统合金叶片铸造形成的光滑表面不同,CMCs纤维丝束交替穿插的制备工艺会形成独特的编织表面[3-4]。不同于颗粒沉积或表面划痕产生的随机分布微尺度表面粗糙结构[5],编织表面呈现出周期性排列的毫米级凹槽–脊特征结构[6]。这种特殊表面结构为叶片外部流动冷却技术的应用带来了新的挑战,特别是以横向射流为特征的气膜冷却在CMCs叶片表面的流动特性与冷却效果,已成为当前研究的热点[7-8]
针对编织表面的流动问题,张金月等[9]采用数值模拟方法研究了不同编织模式的表面流动特性,发现相较于光滑表面,编织结构会促进边界层转捩并增大流动损失。Xu等[8]通过实验研究了编织结构对绝热气膜冷却效率的影响,观察到编织表面可加快冷却气体耗散,同时,在大射流主流速度比(Velocity Ratio, Rv, 后文简称“速度比”)条件下,还观察到编织表面有助于冷气射流分离后的重新附着。Cory等[10]通过数值模拟及实验方法,定量分析了不同编织结构表面的摩擦系数及压力损失特性。Wilkins等[7]通过数值模拟发现编织表面近壁区存在特征性回流现象;后续实验研究[11]进一步表明,编织表面通过增强主次流掺混,显著改变了横向射流的湍流统计特性。
由于传统PIV技术难以实现近壁流场测量,而针对壁面效应开展的单点测量又无法揭示近壁区的流动特性和旋涡演化规律,目前关于编织表面横向射流过程流动机理的实验研究仍有不足。采用折射率匹配粒子图像测速(Refractive Index Matching–Particle Image Velocimetry, RIM-PIV)技术[12-13],通过选用与透明测试段材料折射率相近的流动工质,可消除壁面处产生的激光反射过曝和光学畸变,从而通过实验获取高精度的近壁流场数据[14-15]
本文基于RIM–PIV技术,针对典型Basket构型编织表面[4],开展了横向射流上下游的同步瞬态实验测量。通过与光滑表面流场结果对比,分析了编织结构对近壁流动特性的影响规律。进一步结合旋涡识别准则和瞬态涡量场分析,揭示了编织表面独特的旋涡演化过程,并基于瞬态速度结果开展了湍流特性分析,进而探究编织表面横向射流与光滑表面流动差异的内在机理。
基于NASA技术报告[4]提供的多种典型编织模式及关键几何参数,选取Basket构型编织表面开展实验。图1(a)展示了实验采用的带射流孔Basket构型编织表面形貌,其中红色丝束为沿流向编织的经纱,蓝色丝束为沿展向编织的纬纱。简化编织丝束截面为椭圆形,以射流孔直径D = 6 mm为特征长度,丝束截面的长轴为2D、短轴为2D/3。射流孔设置于纬纱中部,其尾缘与经纬纱过渡的截面对齐,以避免因贯穿过渡区域引起的射流孔变形。
图1(b)展示了RIM–PIV实验的横向射流中心截面示意图,同步测量的上下游流场(−10 < x/D < 6) 覆盖2个完整的Basket编织范围,其中x是主流方向,y是以光滑面确定的壁面法向,x/Dy/D是用射流孔径无量纲化的平面坐标。射流倾斜角设定为35°,射流孔的长度设置为5D。以射流孔尾缘为坐标原点建立参考系,便于描述编织结构的起止位置。Basket构型中心截面呈现交替排布的凹槽与脊拓扑结构,结构峰谷高度差为2D/3。
图1(c)为采用透明亚克力材料加工得到的实验件实物图,通过数控加工及表面抛光处理,能够还原与Basket构型编织表面一致的复杂形貌,加工误差控制在±0.1 mm。图中还标注了射流孔直径、编织丝束宽度以及实验过程中的主流方向。
实验系统示意如图2(a)所示,测试段流道及实验模型均采用透明亚克力材料加工而成。主流经整流段均匀化后,以U0 = 0.2 m/s的速度垂直向上通过测试段。次流管路经稳压腔与实验模型连接,以提升射流速度的稳定性。采用1台5 W连续激光器(CNIlaser, MGL-N-532)生成532 nm的片激光,在流体工质中掺入罗丹明作为示踪粒子,并用2台高速相机(PCO, dimax.cs3)以1000 Hz的采样频率垂直于激光平面同步拍摄粒子图像,相机拍摄的分辨率为1920像素 × 1080像素。测试段流道的宽度为16.7D,高度为10D。实验模型上游设置130D的流动发展段以稳定来流,射流孔前方设置20D的编织过渡段,以减小壁面形貌突变对近壁流场测量结果的干扰。射流孔下游设置有14D的编织表面和13D的出口段以防止回流。
图2(b)为加入特别配制的碘化钠(NaI)溶液后的测试段。实验过程中通过精确控制溶液的浓度及温度来匹配其与亚克力壁面的折射率。基于文献[16]提供的NaI溶液物性参数计算公式,在温度T = 28.2 ℃时,实验流体工质的密度ρ = 1771.2 kg/m3,动力黏度μ = 0.0017 Pa·s。根据特征长度D和主流速度U0,计算得到实验的横向射流雷诺数ReD = 1250。通过折射率匹配的方法有效消除了激光照射下测试段近壁处的反射过曝以及由于编织结构遮挡导致的光学畸变,实现了对Basket构型复杂表面编织结构的流动可视化测量。
实验获得的PIV图像分辨率为23.1像素/mm,即每个特征长度D约为139像素。采用多级互相关算法:初始窗口大小为48像素 × 48像素,迭代至最终窗口大小24像素 × 24像素,窗口重叠率为50%。速度场的空间分辨率为每个特征长度D分布12个速度矢量。
首先通过实验获得速度比Rv = 0.50~1.50下光滑表面横向射流的流场作为基准,并分析近壁区域的流动特性。沿流向提取距离当地壁面0.2D位置处的流向速度u分量与法向速度v分量并计算时均值,绘制曲线如图3(a)和(b)所示;并根据速度分布绘制出Rv = 1.50工况下的近壁流场示意图,如图3(c)所示。结果表明,光滑表面的近壁流场稳定,沿流向仅在射流孔前后方出现局部减速区,但没有发生回流。上游法向速度空间脉动小,下游在射流孔尾缘后方出现局部抬升区域。随着速度比提高,抬升区域范围缩小,而相同位置的抬升速度增大。
对于Basket构型编织表面,图4(a)和(b)分别展示了壁面上方0.2D处流向速度与法向速度沿流向的分布曲线,图4(c)Rv = 1.50工况下的近壁流场示意图。结果表明,相较于光滑表面,编织表面显著增大了近壁流场的空间不稳定性。对于脊结构,其迎风侧上升沿形成冲击抬升区,而其背风侧下降沿形成分离再附区。对于凹槽结构,其表面形成稳定的低流速区。在射流孔下游,光滑表面上观察到的流动抬升区被抑制。在高速度比(Rv = 1.50)工况下,射流孔尾缘后方的长流向凹槽结构中形成低速回流区。
通过瞬态流场进一步分析编织表面横向射流近壁流动的时间稳定性。图5展示了Rv = 1.50工况下流向速度标准差ustd的分布。沿虚线提取不同位置的标准差,结果如图6所示。在上游,编织表面近壁区域的流向速度标准差比光滑表面大,流动稳定性更弱。在凹槽结构中速度标准差则较小,形成稳定低速区;而低速区上方的流动不稳定性增强,凹槽上方容易发生流动分离。同时,编织表面横向射流的速度标准差减小,表明射流中的大尺度流动结构耗散加快。在射流孔后方观察到局部区域速度标准差增大,说明编织表面抑制了射流孔下游的稳定抬升区,射流近壁侧的流动不稳定性增强。
图6所示的不同位置流向速度标准差结果中,还观察到编织表面近壁峰值对应的法向位置较光滑平面更高,这说明编织结构推迟了边界层底层速度的发展。虽然在相邻编织丝束夹成的凹槽结构中形成了稳定的低速区,但边界层速度仍是从整体编织表面最高点对应的法向位置开始发展,这与前人[6]针对编织表面流动边界层开展的单点测量结果吻合。
针对射流动量较高的Rv = 1.50工况开展旋涡演化过程分析。该工况下射流能够穿透来流边界层,便于研究上游编织表面诱导的涡结构对射流发展的作用机制。基于瞬态速度场,采用λci准则数定量表征旋转强度[17]。提取瞬时流场速度梯度张量的共轭复特征值,其中,在特征值虚部λci > 0的区域,流体发生局部旋转运动,且λci值越大,对应的旋转越强。该方法有助于从近壁的强剪切流动区域中识别旋涡结构[18]。对λci的时均值$ \overline{ \lambda \mathrm{_{ci}}} $进行无量纲化处理,结果如图7所示,其中高值区在统计意义上反映的是当地流体旋转强度较大或在实验采样过程中持续发生旋转,即旋涡强度较大或生成较多的区域。与图7(a)中光滑表面的结果相比,图7(b)中展示的Basket构型编织表面虚线框区域内旋转强度更大,同时,来流边界层内近壁区域高旋转强度区更厚。旋转强度较大的区域主要集中在编织表面脊结构近壁处,该处流动时空不稳定性比光滑表面强,因此更容易生成旋涡结构。射流孔下游凹槽结构表面也存在旋转强度较大的区域,与此处近壁回流过程中产生的旋涡结构对应。
进一步连续选取时间间隔Δt = 0.06 s的瞬态涡量场,以研究编织表面近壁生成旋涡结构的演化过程及其对横向射流的作用。瞬态涡量场选取的时间间隔满足Δt = 2D/U0,即编织表面主流流经一个垂直于流向编织丝束形成的脊结构所需的时间,以便分析来流经过单个编织结构后旋涡结构的演化状况。图8为光滑表面瞬态涡量场(其中ωz为瞬态二维涡量,对其进行无量纲化处理),由图中可见上游湍流边界层发展过程中产生的近壁发卡涡结构。虚线框区域显示,上游的发卡涡随主流发展持续贴近壁面,与壁面的距离及旋涡尺寸没有发生显著变化,直至被卷入射流迎风侧的大尺度剪切涡。
而在图9展示的编织表面瞬态涡量场中,近壁发卡涡在经过脊结构迎风侧的抬升后,部分旋涡从壁面脱落,并随主流继续发展演化,其向下游运动的速度与主流速度一致。来流经过单个编织结构后,其旋涡位置抬高且强度提升。与此同时,近壁流场不稳定性的提升使近壁旋涡结构更频繁地生成,更多抬升更高的近壁旋涡结构与射流迎风侧的剪切涡旋转方向相反,其相互作用使射流中的剪切涡结构变得更加破碎,加快射流能量的耗散。编织表面上游近壁的旋涡结构还抑制了射流的抬升,使其更加贴近下游壁面,从而加强射流剪切涡与下游壁面涡结构的相互作用,导致射流孔下游速度脉动更强。上述结果能够解释Xu等[8]观察到的编织表面气膜冷却中冷气射流耗散加快,而大速度比工况下冷气射流分离后的再附着有所加强的现象。这也与Wilkins等[11]观察到编织表面横向射流两侧雷诺切应力分布不对称相一致,其中贴近下游壁面的负值区应力更大且向下游延伸得更远。
根据实验获得的瞬态速度场结果,进一步分析编织表面对横向射流湍流统计量的影响。由以下公式分别计算湍动能(Turbulent Kinetic Energy, ETK)与雷诺切应力(Reynolds Shear Stress, SRS):
$ E_{\mathrm{TK}}=\frac{{\overline{u}{}'^2}+{\overline{v}{}'^2}}{2U_0^2} $
$ S_{\mathrm{RS}}=\frac{{\overline u'}{\overline v'}}{U_0^2} $
式中:$ u' $$ v' $分别为流向脉动速度和法向脉动速度。
计算得到光滑表面及编织表面横向射流的湍动能,如图10所示。与光滑表面相比,编织表面射流湍动能更低,且沿流向衰减更快,对应前述上游旋涡结构使射流中的剪切涡变得破碎并使其能量耗散更快,射流动量衰减加快,抬升运动受到抑制。
计算雷诺切应力,结果如图11所示。由图11可明显观察到编织表面射流迎风侧的正切应力减弱,对应射流在穿透来流边界层过程中迎风侧大尺度剪切涡受到抑制;而近壁侧的切应力负值区则增强,对应剪切涡与近壁旋涡结构的相互作用加强,此过程中壁面法向流体间的动量交换增强,有利于高速度比工况下射流分离后再附着于下游壁面。
本研究采用RIM–PIV技术,克服了传统PIV技术在近壁流场测量时的光学限制,实现了编织表面横向射流近壁流场的精确测量。实验结果表明,编织表面显著增强了近壁流动的时空不稳定性。沿脊结构表面发生流动抬升与分离再附,在凹槽结构内形成稳定低速区。在Rv = 1.50工况下,射流孔下游凹槽中发生回流。涡动力学分析表明,脊结构表面流动旋转强度显著增大,促进了旋涡结构的生成。瞬态涡量场显示,编织表面使上游近壁发卡涡生成更频繁且更易从壁面脱落。这些涡结构会抑制射流抬升,加速动量耗散,导致射流湍动能降低,迎风侧雷诺切应力减弱;并增强射流剪切涡与下游壁面涡结构的相互作用,在射流后方形成强不稳定流动区并改变其流动特性,导致近壁侧切应力增强。
当前实验条件下开展的低雷诺数流动机理研究,揭示了编织表面近壁流动对横向射流流动的影响,为理解CMCs叶片气膜冷却表现差异提供了理论基础。为进一步匹配真实CMCs叶片表面气膜冷却的流动工况,后续将开展实验系统优化设计,研究更高横向射流雷诺数下编织表面对流动特性的影响。

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doi: 10.11729/syltlx20250059
  • 接收时间:2025-09-01
  • 首发时间:2026-09-02
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-01
  • 修回日期:2025-11-03
  • 录用日期:2025-11-11
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    上海交通大学 机械与动力工程学院 叶轮机械研究所,上海 200240

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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