Article(id=1312009760841491326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762185600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-04, revisedDate=1770652800000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-10, acceptedDate=1772640000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineDate=1790737102946, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790737102946, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790737102946, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790737102946, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312009474789958403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790737034746, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739471092, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=97, endPage=104, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312009761088955263, articleId=1312009760841491326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=EN, title=Effects of Drought Stress on Shear Resistance of Cynodon dactylon Root⁃Soil Composite, columnId=1312009477243626245, journalTitle=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study investigates the effects of drought stress on soil reinforcement performance of root systems in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, providing a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, and ecological protection in this area. Methods Taking the root-soil composite of Cynodon dactylon as the research object, samples were collected from the field and subjected to adaptive maintenance. Drought conditions were simulated through controlled water supply in pot experiments. The experiment established treatments of different drought intensities (CK for control, moderate drought MD, and severe drought SD), drought durations (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 days), and root contents (0% for bare soil, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). Direct shear tests were conducted on the remolded samples to analyze the effects of drought intensity and drought duration on the shear resistance of the Cynodon dactylon root-soil composite. In addition, the microscopic mechanisms of the effects of drought stress on the soil reinforcement performance were revealed through microscopic tests of roots. Results 1) Samples under all conditions exhibited distinct strain-hardening failure characteristics, and drought stress and root incorporation had little effect on the variation patterns of stress-strain curves. 2) Short-term moderate drought improved the shear strength of the Cynodon dactylon root-soil composite, while long-term severe drought significantly reduced the shear strength (p<0.05). Root incorporation significantly increased the soil shear strength, and the enhancement performance increased with the increase of root content. Compared with the bare soil treatment, the shear strength of the root-soil composite in CK, MD, and SD groups increased by 8.70%-51.52%, 4.35%-63.64%, and -13.04%-39.39%, respectively. 3) The response patterns of cohesion to drought stress and root incorporation were consistent with those of shear strength, while the internal friction angle remained relatively stable with slight fluctuations. Compared to bare soil treatments, the cohesion of the root-soil composite for CK, MD, and SD groups increased by 42.46%-63.99%, 15.08%-67.50%, and 15.08%-48.49%, respectively, while the internal friction angle increased by 1.55%-1.83%, -1.61%-1.68%, and -1.16%-1.43%, respectively. Conclusion Short-term moderate drought stress can improve the shear resistance of the Cynodon dactylon root-soil compositeto a certain extent, but excessive stress severely damages the root structure and reduces the shear strength of the root-soil composite.

, authors=Hai Xiao1, 2, 3, Zhewen Wei1, 2, Zhenyao Xia1, 2, 3, Deyu Liu1, Rui Xiang1, Rubing Yan1, Hongqiang Shi1, 2, 3, Yu Ding1, 2, 3, Lun Zhang1, 2, 3, authorsList=Hai Xiao, Zhewen Wei, Zhenyao Xia, Deyu Liu, Rui Xiang, Rubing Yan, Hongqiang Shi, Yu Ding, Lun Zhang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lun Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312009763781698440, articleId=1312009760841491326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=CN, title=干旱胁迫对狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能的影响, columnId=1312009477407204103, journalTitle=水土保持学报, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究干旱胁迫对三峡库区消落带根系固土效果的影响,为三峡库区消落带植被恢复、水土治理及生态环境的保护提供理论依据。 方法 以狗牙根根土复合体为研究对象,通过野外挖取,经适应性养护后采用盆栽控水模拟干旱,试验设置不同干旱程度(CK对照、中度干旱MD和重度干旱SD)、干旱时长(0、5、10、15、30、60 d)及含根量(素土0%、0.1%、0.2%和0.3%)处理,对重塑试样开展直剪试验,分析干旱程度、干旱时长对狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能的影响,并结合根系微观试验揭示干旱胁迫对根系固土效果影响的微观机制。 结果 1)各条件下试样均表现为明显的应变硬化型破坏特征,干旱胁迫和根系掺入对试样应力-应变曲线变化规律影响不大。2)短时间的中度干旱可提升狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度,而长时间重度干旱使抗剪强度显著下降(p<0.05)。根系掺入可明显提升土体抗剪强度,且其提升效果随根系含量的增加而增加,CK、MD和SD组根土复合体抗剪强度相较素土处理分别提升8.70%~51.52%、4.35%~63.64%和-13.04%~39.39%。3)黏聚力对干旱胁迫和根系掺入的响应规律与抗剪强度一致,内摩擦角则呈波动稳定趋势。CK、MD和SD组根土复合体黏聚力相较素土处理分别提升42.46%~63.99%、15.08%~67.50%和15.08%~48.49%;内摩擦角分别提升1.55%~1.83%、-1.61%~1.68%和-1.16%~1.43。 结论 短时间的中度干旱胁迫可一定程度上提升狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能,但过度胁迫极大破坏狗牙根根系结构并削弱根土复合体抗剪强度。

, authors=肖海1, 2, 3, 魏哲文1, 2, 夏振尧1, 2, 3, 刘德玉1, 向瑞1, 闫茹冰1, 师宏强1, 2, 3, 丁瑜1, 2, 3, 张伦1, 2, 3, authorsList=肖海, 魏哲文, 夏振尧, 刘德玉, 向瑞, 闫茹冰, 师宏强, 丁瑜, 张伦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张伦, authorNote=

肖海(1988—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与生态防护研究。E-mail:

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张伦(1987—),男,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事根系固土机理与生态修复研究。E-mail:
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2.College of Civil Engineering & Architecture,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China
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注:含根量0.1%同一法向应力下不同大写字母者表示不同干旱程度同一干旱时长下指标差异达0.05显著水平;同一法向应力下不同小写字母者表示同一干旱程度不同干旱时长下指标差异达0.05显著水平。

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干旱胁迫对狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能的影响
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肖海 1, 2, 3 , 魏哲文 1, 2 , 夏振尧 1, 2, 3 , 刘德玉 1 , 向瑞 1 , 闫茹冰 1 , 师宏强 1, 2, 3 , 丁瑜 1, 2, 3 , 张伦 1, 2, 3
水土保持学报 | 基础研究 2026,40(4): 97-104
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水土保持学报 |基础研究 2026 , 40 (4) : 97 -104
干旱胁迫对狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能的影响
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肖海(1988—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与生态防护研究。E-mail:

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肖海(1988—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与生态防护研究。E-mail:

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肖海1, 2, 3 , 魏哲文1, 2, 夏振尧1, 2, 3, 刘德玉1, 向瑞1, 闫茹冰1, 师宏强1, 2, 3, 丁瑜1, 2, 3, 张伦1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室,湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 2.三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 3.三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北 宜昌 443002
通讯作者:
张伦(1987—),男,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事根系固土机理与生态修复研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

肖海(1988—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与生态防护研究。E-mail:

Effects of Drought Stress on Shear Resistance of Cynodon dactylon Root⁃Soil Composite
Hai Xiao1, 2, 3 , Zhewen Wei1, 2, Zhenyao Xia1, 2, 3, Deyu Liu1, Rui Xiang1, Rubing Yan1, Hongqiang Shi1, 2, 3, Yu Ding1, 2, 3, Lun Zhang1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Ministry of Education,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China
  • 2.College of Civil Engineering & Architecture,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China
  • 3.Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002,China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.003
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目的 探究干旱胁迫对三峡库区消落带根系固土效果的影响,为三峡库区消落带植被恢复、水土治理及生态环境的保护提供理论依据。 方法 以狗牙根根土复合体为研究对象,通过野外挖取,经适应性养护后采用盆栽控水模拟干旱,试验设置不同干旱程度(CK对照、中度干旱MD和重度干旱SD)、干旱时长(0、5、10、15、30、60 d)及含根量(素土0%、0.1%、0.2%和0.3%)处理,对重塑试样开展直剪试验,分析干旱程度、干旱时长对狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能的影响,并结合根系微观试验揭示干旱胁迫对根系固土效果影响的微观机制。 结果 1)各条件下试样均表现为明显的应变硬化型破坏特征,干旱胁迫和根系掺入对试样应力-应变曲线变化规律影响不大。2)短时间的中度干旱可提升狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度,而长时间重度干旱使抗剪强度显著下降(p<0.05)。根系掺入可明显提升土体抗剪强度,且其提升效果随根系含量的增加而增加,CK、MD和SD组根土复合体抗剪强度相较素土处理分别提升8.70%~51.52%、4.35%~63.64%和-13.04%~39.39%。3)黏聚力对干旱胁迫和根系掺入的响应规律与抗剪强度一致,内摩擦角则呈波动稳定趋势。CK、MD和SD组根土复合体黏聚力相较素土处理分别提升42.46%~63.99%、15.08%~67.50%和15.08%~48.49%;内摩擦角分别提升1.55%~1.83%、-1.61%~1.68%和-1.16%~1.43。 结论 短时间的中度干旱胁迫可一定程度上提升狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能,但过度胁迫极大破坏狗牙根根系结构并削弱根土复合体抗剪强度。

干旱胁迫  /  根土复合体  /  抗剪性能  /  消落带

Objective This study investigates the effects of drought stress on soil reinforcement performance of root systems in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, providing a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration, soil and water conservation, and ecological protection in this area. Methods Taking the root-soil composite of Cynodon dactylon as the research object, samples were collected from the field and subjected to adaptive maintenance. Drought conditions were simulated through controlled water supply in pot experiments. The experiment established treatments of different drought intensities (CK for control, moderate drought MD, and severe drought SD), drought durations (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 days), and root contents (0% for bare soil, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). Direct shear tests were conducted on the remolded samples to analyze the effects of drought intensity and drought duration on the shear resistance of the Cynodon dactylon root-soil composite. In addition, the microscopic mechanisms of the effects of drought stress on the soil reinforcement performance were revealed through microscopic tests of roots. Results 1) Samples under all conditions exhibited distinct strain-hardening failure characteristics, and drought stress and root incorporation had little effect on the variation patterns of stress-strain curves. 2) Short-term moderate drought improved the shear strength of the Cynodon dactylon root-soil composite, while long-term severe drought significantly reduced the shear strength (p<0.05). Root incorporation significantly increased the soil shear strength, and the enhancement performance increased with the increase of root content. Compared with the bare soil treatment, the shear strength of the root-soil composite in CK, MD, and SD groups increased by 8.70%-51.52%, 4.35%-63.64%, and -13.04%-39.39%, respectively. 3) The response patterns of cohesion to drought stress and root incorporation were consistent with those of shear strength, while the internal friction angle remained relatively stable with slight fluctuations. Compared to bare soil treatments, the cohesion of the root-soil composite for CK, MD, and SD groups increased by 42.46%-63.99%, 15.08%-67.50%, and 15.08%-48.49%, respectively, while the internal friction angle increased by 1.55%-1.83%, -1.61%-1.68%, and -1.16%-1.43%, respectively. Conclusion Short-term moderate drought stress can improve the shear resistance of the Cynodon dactylon root-soil compositeto a certain extent, but excessive stress severely damages the root structure and reduces the shear strength of the root-soil composite.

drought stress  /  root-soil composite  /  shear resistance  /  water-level fluctuation zone
肖海, 魏哲文, 夏振尧, 刘德玉, 向瑞, 闫茹冰, 师宏强, 丁瑜, 张伦. 干旱胁迫对狗牙根根土复合体抗剪性能的影响. 水土保持学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 97 -104 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.003
Hai Xiao, Zhewen Wei, Zhenyao Xia, Deyu Liu, Rui Xiang, Rubing Yan, Hongqiang Shi, Yu Ding, Lun Zhang. Effects of Drought Stress on Shear Resistance of Cynodon dactylon Root⁃Soil Composite[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026 , 40 (4) : 97 -104 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.003
干旱是对人类社会影响最广泛、最严重的自然灾害之一,已成为影响自然生态系统健康和经济社会可持续发展的重要制约因素[1]。近年来,随着全球气候变暖和人类活动影响的加剧,长江三峡地区出现罕见的夏、秋、冬3季连旱灾害,且干旱持续时间长、范围广,严重威胁库区生态安全[2]。
植物措施是防止水土流失和提高坡面稳定性最有效的途径之一,其根系与土壤相互交织形成根土复合体,一方面可加大与土壤摩擦接触面积,起到改善土壤结构的作用;另一方面,植物根系可对土体起到加筋效果,有效限制土体形变,增强土体稳定性与抗剪性能[3]。Mahannopkul等[4]研究发现,香根草根土复合体抗剪强度随含根量增加而增大;薛海龙等[5]研究发现,根系抗拉拔强度与根土复合体抗剪强度呈正相关。因此,含根量及根系力学性能是影响根土复合体抗剪性能的重要因素。而环境胁迫同样造成根系力学性能发生变化,夏振尧等[6]研究发现,水淹环境造成狗牙根根重密度和根系活力持续下降,进而导致根系抗拉性能降低。干旱作为主要的气象灾害,是限制植物生长最严重的非生物胁迫之一。当受到干旱胁迫时,根系产生化学信号控制植物调控体内水分,并通过改变自身生长方式(加快主根伸长速率并抑制侧根生长)、减小根系直径和改变木质化程度等方式适应干旱环境[7-9]。张玉等[10]研究发现,根系直径和根系木质化程度均与根系力学性能关系密切,根系抗拉力随着根系直径的减小呈幂函数减小,而根系抗拉强度同样与木质部面积百分比呈正相关。因此,植物根系为适应干旱环境所做出的生理生态响应势必对其固土性能产生影响,但目前关于根土复合体抗剪性能对干旱胁迫的响应尚不清楚。
消落带是河、湖、库由于周期性水位消涨形成的在最高水位线与最低水位线间的带状区域,兼具水域和陆地两重属性,具有一定的生态脆弱性[11]。三峡大坝建成并正式投入使用之后,依据水库的运行模式,在每年的汛期(6—9月),水库水位降至145 m,而在汛期后(10月)开始蓄水至水位175 m,两岸形成高达30 m的垂直落差,该水库的反季节调度方式使其在夏季由于排水及高温出现一定程度的干旱[12],长期作用势必导致根系固土能力下降,引发水土流失问题。
因此,本研究以三峡水库消落带狗牙根为研究对象,以正常水分灌溉为对照(CK),设置2种干旱程度(中度干旱MD和重度干旱SD)和不同干旱时长(0、5、10、15、30、60 d),通过室内直剪试验探究干旱胁迫对狗牙根根系固土效果的影响,探究干旱环境下根系固土机理,以期为三峡库区消落带植被恢复、水土治理及生态环境保护提供理论依据。
狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)为禾本科多年生低矮草本植物,根系发达,是三峡消落带分布最广泛的优势物种,也是目前消落带各高程的优势种群[13]。供试狗牙根于2023年4月采用30 cm×30 cm×10 cm模具取自湖北省秭归县香溪河消落带,运回三峡大学实验室后通过水洗法获取根系,随后移栽至直径和高度分别为14、16 cm的花盆中(盆中装有2 kg紫色土),进行为期4个月的适应性养护,养护期间花盆均放置于三峡大学生物岩土水土治理研究基地进行相同光照与水分管理。
本研究所用土样采自湖北省秭归县(30°38′~31°11′N,110°18′~111°00′E),为三峡库区消落带典型紫色土,样品经自然风干后,将土样研磨并过5 mm孔径筛网,剔除其中混杂的有机残体和其他杂质,随后采用防潮塑料密封袋保存,以避免受潮或水分渗入。烘干法测得土壤自然含水率为15.0%,环刀法测得土壤体积质量为1.35 g/cm3,电位法测得土壤pH为6.80(水土比为5∶1),液塑限联合测定法测得液限和塑限分别为33.70%和19.70%,筛分法测得土壤中>2.00、>0.05~2.20、>0.25~0.50、>0.075~0.25和<0.075 mm颗粒分别占24.35%、40.34%、14.46%、12.45%和8.40%。
三峡大坝建成并正式投入使用之后,三峡水库采用“蓄清排浑”的运行方式,每年的5月—9月为低水位期,除降雨影响外水位基本维持在145 m左右,结合三峡库区年际水位图及温度变化情况[14],该区域受干旱胁迫时长不超过2个月,且长江干流主要控制站7—10月平均流量出现枯水期[15],因此,于2023年7月进行模拟干旱试验。试验共设3组干旱胁迫程度[正常水分灌溉(CK)、中度干旱胁迫(MD)和重度干旱胁迫(SD)]和6个干旱胁迫持续时长(0、5、10、15、30、60 d),其中,CK、 MD和SD的含水率分别为田间最大持水量75%~80%、40%~50%和20%~30%[16]。试验正式开始前半个月通过烘干法测定各组花盆土壤含水率,保证无显著性差异,随后对每组花盆进行充分灌溉使其达到田间最大持水量,此后每隔2 d对各组花盆进行1次土壤含水率的测定,待盆内水分自然蒸散达到各自相应设定水分梯度后,开始为期2个月的干旱模拟试验。在试验期内每天18:00进行称重补水,使各处理的土壤含水率均维持在设定值范围内。模拟干旱期间花盆均放置于三峡大学预先选定的空地上进行相同光照与水分管理,空地顶部设有防水雨棚且底部设有防水绿布以防止外界水分的扰动,待达到设计干旱时长时,随机取出试样用于后续分析。
本研究采用重塑土试样进行室内直剪试验,以减小因干旱胁迫使土壤性质发生变化而引起的试验误差,同时,重塑土试样可以精确控制含水率和含根量,具有较高的精度和重复性,所得试验结果能够反映根土复合体力学性能的变化规律[17]。根据现场取样统计发现,三峡库区消落带土壤内狗牙根根系含量为(0.19±0.085)%,因此,本研究设置4种含根量(素土0%、0.1%、0.2%和0.3%质量比)。每个干旱时长为1个试验周期,在周期内的重塑土制样与剪切试验按照干旱程度分3批进行,周期内所有试验在3 d内完成。达到相应时长后,在各组随机选取试样,采用整株挖掘法和水洗法获取完整根系。采用环刀按照土壤自然含水量和体积质量进行重塑土制样,因剪切环刀高2 cm,故将新鲜根样长度剪为2 cm左右备用。重塑土含根试样制备方法为:首先将配制好的紫色土分为3等份,第1份土装入环刀后将根系垂直、均匀插入土中,对土样进行击实直至土样厚度达到环刀高度的1/3处,然后依次装入剩下的土样并击实,击实过程中避免损坏根系,每层土样击实达到要求高度后需将表面刨毛,为使根系与土体更好地黏结,将试样静置24 h后进行试验。低法向应力作用下的根土复合体更加符合草本植物根系的浅层加筋作用[18],因此,本研究根据《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T 50123—2019)[19],采用ZJ四联应变控制的土壤直剪仪开展直剪试验,剪切速率为0.8 mm/min,法向应力设定为25、50、75、100 kPa。本次试验为涉及3个干旱程度、6个干旱时长、4个含根量水平的交互试验,并设有4个法向应力,每次试验重复3次,共216组试验,864个试样,试验结果取平均值。
按干旱程度及干旱时长分类,切取3~5根7~10 mm长的小段根,编号后先置于FAA(甲醛-乙酸-乙醇)固定液使根系软化并保持或接近正常状态,随后对其进行番红固绿染色,并采用石蜡切片法将根系制作为永久切片。采用显微镜观察切片,并应用图像分析软件Image-pro Plus测定狗牙根根系的微观结构特征,包括表皮、皮层、木质部和韧皮部等结构的百分比和厚度。
由于剪切过程中剪应力未出现峰值,故参考《土工试验方法标准》(GB/T 50123—2019)[19],取规定剪切位移(4 mm)相对应的剪应力作为试样的抗剪强度。对不同围压下的抗剪强度进行线性回归,并用库伦公式确定试样黏聚力和内摩擦角:
τ=c+σtanφ
式中:τ为抗剪强度,kPa;σ为法向应力,kPa;c为试样的黏聚力,kPa;φ为试样的内摩擦角,(°)。
采用Excel 2021软件对数据进行收集整理,通过SPSS.27软件进行显著性分析,统计评估干旱程度、干旱时长与抗剪强度间的关系,采用Origin 2019软件进行图形绘制与处理。
不同变量下的应力应变曲线众多,变化规律相似,因篇幅限制,选取代表性曲线展示其规律(图1)。各条件下试样在各法向应力下的应力-应变曲线均表现为明显的应变硬化型破坏特征,根系掺入和干旱条件对应力-应变曲线变化趋势影响不大,但对曲线数值有较大影响。根系掺入后应力-应变曲线整体上移(图1b),CK、MD和SD组根土复合体在25、50、75和100 kPa法向应力下的最大剪切应力相较素土处理分别提升21.78%~64.02%、4.17%~43.56%和2.78%~49.62%,表明根系掺入能有效提高土体抗剪性能。与CK相比,持续干旱处理使应力应变曲线下降,降低试样强度(图1c),经过60 d干旱胁迫时,MD和SD组根土复合体最大剪切应力相较CK组分别下降7.69%~37.78%和8.33%~40.91%。
CK组在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d时狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度分别为11.81~38.92、12.04~39.33、12.35~39.74、12.47~40.58、12.56~41.33、12.71~42.62 kPa,表明试验周期内CK组抗剪强度整体呈上升趋势(图2a)。
MD组狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度随干旱时长的增加先上升后下降(图2b),在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d的干旱时长下抗剪强度分别为12.08~40.27、12.66~41.23、12.53~40.24、11.48~38.88、11.24~38.56、11.05~37.89 kPa;与CK相比,MD组狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度在第0、5、10 d分别提升2.29%~3.47%、4.07%~4.83%和2.51%~1.26%,而在第15、30、60 d时分别降低4.37%~8.62%、12.48%~11.74%和7.18%~15.02%,表明短时间中度干旱可一定程度上提高狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度,但持续中度干旱造成狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度降低。SD组狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度随干旱时长的增加持续下降(图2c),在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d的干旱时长下,抗剪强度分别为11.42~37.43、11.25~36.58、10.81~36.19、10.43~35.46、9.86~34.97、9.34~33.83 kPa;与CK组相比,SD组狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d时,分别降低3.42%~3.98%、7.02%~7.52%、14.25%~9.81%、19.56%~14.44%、27.38%~18.19%和36.08%~25.98%,表明重度干旱持续降低狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度。在试验周期内,CK组在0.1%、0.2%和0.3%含根量下,狗牙根根土复合体抗剪强度分别为11.81~40.54、12.03~41.50、12.48~42.62 kPa, MD组分别为11.05~39.45、11.52~40.15、11.64~41.23 kPa, SD组分别为9.34~36.11、9.95~37.02、10.42~37.48 kPa,相比素土分别增加8.70%~51.52%、4.35%~63.64%和-13.04%~39.39%,表明根系掺入可明显提高土体抗剪强度,且根系含量越多提升效果越好。
由图3a可知,不同干旱程度和干旱时长下黏聚力的变化规律,CK组在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d时长下,狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力分别为5.90~6.53、5.98~6.56、6.07~6.60、6.11~6.65、6.15~6.70、6.18~6.84 kPa,表明试验周期内CK组黏聚力整体呈上升趋势。MD组狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力随干旱时长的增加先上升后下降,在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d干旱时长下,黏聚力分别为6.17~6.85、6.26~7.01、6.10~6.69、5.45~6.31、5.29~6.16、4.92~6.08 kPa;与CK组相比,MD组狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力在第0、5、10 d分别提升4.58%~4.90%、4.68%~6.86%和0.49%~1.36%,在15、30、60 d分别降低5.39%~12.11%、8.77%~16.26%和12.50%~25.61%,表明短时间中度干旱可提高狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力,但持续中度干旱降低狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力。SD组狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力随干旱时长的增加持续下降,在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d干旱时长下,黏聚力分别为5.75~6.15、5.62~5.92、5.38~5.53、5.25~5.49、5.13~5.30、4.80~5.01 kPa;与CK组相比,SD组狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力在第0、5、10、15、30、60 d时,分别降低2.61%~6.18%、6.41%~10.81%、12.83%~19.35%、16.38%~21.13%、19.88%~26.42%和-28.75%~36.53%,表明持续重度干旱持续降低狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力。在试验周期内,CK组在0.1%、0.2%和0.3%含根量下,狗牙根根土复合体黏聚力分别为5.90~6.18、6.20~6.41、6.53~6.84 kPa、MD组分别为4.84~6.26、5.29~6.69、6.08~7.15 kPa、SD组分别为4.77~5.75、4.90~5.91、5.01~6.15 kPa,相比素土分别增加37.78%~63.94%、17.58%~67.42%和15.56%~61.69%,表明根系掺入可明显提高土体黏聚力,其提升效果随根系含量的增加而变大。
由不同干旱程度和干旱时长下内摩擦角的变化规律可知(图3b),CK、MD和SD组狗牙根根土复合体内摩擦角分别为20.28°~20.74°、20.19°~20.74°和20.25°~20.69°,各组内摩擦角相差不大且均呈波动稳定趋势,表明干旱胁迫及根系掺入对内摩擦角影响不大。
本研究发现,根系掺入后对试样应力应变曲线变化规律影响不大,但曲线整体上移,根系掺入能有效提高根土复合体抗剪强度,黏聚力随根系含量的增加不断增大,与强娇娇等[20]研究结果一致,植被根系对土体抗剪强度有明显的增强效应,且该种增强效应主要通过提高黏聚力来实现。一方面根系可锚固土体,改善土壤结构和稳定性,约束土体的变形,且随着根系含量的增加,土壤体积质量和根-土接触面积增大,提高土壤内摩擦阻力和根系的加筋效果[21];另一方面,根系通过加筋作用将土体所承受的剪切力转变为自身所承受的拉应力,从而极大遏制土体结构破坏的趋势,进而提升其土壤的抗剪性能[22]。植物根系对内摩擦角无显著影响,与陈洁等[23]关于草本植物的研究结果类似,主要是因为内摩擦角与土体颗粒的滑动及颗粒的排列等因素相关,而根系掺入和干旱胁迫并未对土颗粒的相关特性产生影响。
干旱胁迫使根土复合体的应力应变曲线整体下移,抗剪强度和黏聚力在中度干旱胁迫下先增加后减小,在重度干旱胁迫下持续减小,主要与狗牙根根系直径和根系微观结构的变化有关。根系直径与根土复合体抗剪强度呈正相关[24],而根系微观结构则通过改变根系抗拉特性来影响根土复合体抗剪强度[25-26]。短时间的中度干旱胁迫可促进可溶性糖、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白等根系渗透物质的分泌[27],可溶性糖含量升高可促进根系增加[28]。试验初期,MD组狗牙根根系木质部面积明显增大(图4),干旱5、10 d分别增加5.53%和11.36%,表明根系为适应干旱环境,增加木质化的程度,提高木质部占比。作为水分输导和机械支撑的关键结构,木质部的细胞壁中含有丰富的木质素,而木质素的沉积不仅可增强细胞壁的刚性,还能在一定程度上阻止水分通过非细胞途径流失,对植物根系起到显著的机械支撑作用,与根系抗拉强度呈正相关[10],因此,根土复合体抗剪强度在中度干旱胁迫初期有所提升。但狗牙根根系对干旱胁迫的承受能力有限,随着干旱胁迫程度及干旱胁迫时长的增加,根系产生大量活性氧及丙二醛毒害根系细胞[29],降低根系活力,促使根系直径持续下降。在经历60 d的干旱胁迫之后,MD和SD组根系木纤维细胞被明显破坏(图4),木质部面积占比分别降低12.01%和14.13%,表明过度胁迫极大破坏狗牙根根系结构,造成根土复合体抗剪强度在中度干旱胁迫中后期及重度干旱胁迫全期持续下降。
本研究以三峡水库消落带狗牙根为研究对象,利用重塑土开展直剪试验发现,短时间的中度干旱胁迫可一定程度上提升狗牙根根-土复合体抗剪性能,但过度胁迫极大破坏狗牙根根系结构并削弱根土复合体抗剪强度,为三峡库区消落带植被恢复、水土治理及生态环境的保护提供理论依据。采用重塑土试样进行根土复合体直剪试验虽可精确控制含水率和含根量,同时还具有较高的准确性和重复性,但极大破坏土壤结构和根系形态的完整性,后续可考虑采用原状土试样以减少对根土复合体结构的破坏。干旱条件下的消落带土壤,其物理、化学特性均发生变化[30],势必也对根土复合体抗剪性能产生影响,因干旱胁迫产生的土壤理化特性变化,进而导致的根-土复合体抗剪性能变化也有待进一步研究。
1)干旱胁迫和根系掺入对试样应力-应变曲线变化规律影响不大,均表现为明显的应变硬化型破坏特征。
2)干旱胁迫使根土复合体的应力应变曲线整体下移,抗剪强度在中度干旱胁迫下先增加后减小,在重度干旱胁迫下持续减小。根系掺入可明显提升土体抗剪强度,且根系含量越多提升效果越好。
3)黏聚力对干旱时长和干旱程度的响应规律与抗剪强度一致,在中度干旱胁迫下先增加后减小,在重度干旱胁迫下持续减小,但根系掺入和干旱胁迫对内摩擦角没有显著影响。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2031)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42277323)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52378351)
  • 土木工程防灾减灾湖北省引智创新示范基地项目(2021EJD026)
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.003
  • 接收时间:2025-11-04
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-04
  • 修回日期:2026-02-10
  • 录用日期:2026-03-05
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2031)
国家自然科学基金项目(42277323)
国家自然科学基金项目(52378351)
土木工程防灾减灾湖北省引智创新示范基地项目(2021EJD026)
作者信息
    1.三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室,湖北 宜昌 443002
    2.三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北 宜昌 443002
    3.三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北 宜昌 443002

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张伦(1987—),男,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,主要从事根系固土机理与生态修复研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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