Article(id=1312009674929570285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.036, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1765728000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-15, revisedDate=1769270400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-25, acceptedDate=1770739200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-11, onlineDate=1790737082463, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790737082463, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790737082463, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790737082463, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312009474789958403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790737034746, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739471092, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=386, endPage=395, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312009675139285486, articleId=1312009674929570285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=EN, title=Source-Sink Mechanisms of Heavy Metals in Net Deposited Sediments in Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area, columnId=1312009477243626245, journalTitle=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To clarify the newly introduced pollution fingerprints during a single hydrological regulation cycle in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and accurately identify the sources and driving mechanisms of heavy metals under different hydrodynamic conditions. Methods In the typical riparian water-level fluctuation zones (Shibaozhai, Guojiaba, and Xiangxi River) in the middle and lower reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, intact net-deposited sediments across a complete hydrological cycle were collected using in-situ sediment columns. The potential ecological risk index (PERI), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were applied to systematically analyze the pollution characteristics, sources, and environmental driving mechanisms of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn). Results 1) Pollution characteristics: Cd was the primary pollution factor, with its average content significantly higher than the background value of the reservoir area. The ecological risk level in the reservoir center was significantly higher than that in the reservoir head, and the high-risk hotspots were concentrated in the deep flooding zone (145~155 m). 2) Driving mechanisms: Flooding duration explained 54.5% of the variance in heavy metals, serving as the primary driving factor. The "hydraulic sorting effect" driven by long-term flooding facilitated the preferential adsorption and accumulation of fine particles and heavy metals in low-elevation areas. 3) Source apportionment: The PMF model identified three pollution sources, namely traffic/industrial sources (mainly contributing to Cd and Pb), agricultural/mixed sources (mainly contributing to As, Cu, and Ni), and natural sources (mainly contributing to Mn). Among these, the contribution rate of industrial sources to Cd was nearly 100%. Conclusion It is confirmed that the net-deposited sediments can effectively retrace short-term pollution inputs in the reservoir area and confirm the interception effect of the midstream backwater fluctuation zone as a "sediment filter" and its vertical enrichment mechanism, thereby providing a scientific basis for the refined management and zoned prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

, authors=Jiani SHENG1, Nian LI1, Yuanyuan CAI1, Tianwei WANG1, Zhaoxia LI1, Yong XUE2, authorsList=Jiani SHENG, Nian LI, Yuanyuan CAI, Tianwei WANG, Zhaoxia LI, Yong XUE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Tianwei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312009678377288187, articleId=1312009674929570285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=CN, title=三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙重金属源汇机制, columnId=1312009477407204103, journalTitle=水土保持学报, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 为明确三峡库区单次水文调度周期内新增污染指纹,精准解析不同水动力条件下重金属的来源与驱动机制。 方法 在三峡库区典型干支流消落带(石宝寨、郭家坝、香溪河),利用原位沉积柱采集了完整水文周期的净沉积泥沙,结合潜在生态风险指数(PERI)、典范对应分析(CCA)及正定矩阵因子模型(PMF),系统解析了重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn)的污染特征、来源及环境驱动机制。 结果 1)污染特征:Cd是首要污染因子,平均含量显著高于库区背景值。库中的生态风险等级显著高于库首,且高风险热区为深层淹水区(145~155 m)。2)驱动机制:淹水时长解释了54.5%的重金属变异,是首要驱动因子。长周期淹水驱动的“水力分选效应”促使细颗粒物与重金属优先在低高程区吸附累积。3)来源解析:PMF模型识别出交通/工业源(主导Cd,Pb)、农业/混合源(主导As、Cu、Ni)和自然源(主导Mn)3类来源,其中Cd对工业源的贡献率接近100%。 结论 净沉积泥沙能有效反演库区短期污染输入,证实库区中部回水变动区作为“沉积过滤器”的拦截效应及其垂直富集机制,为三峡库区消落带重金属污染的精细化管理与分区防控提供科学依据。

, authors=盛佳妮1, 李念1, 蔡源远1, 王天巍1, 李朝霞1, 薛勇2, authorsList=盛佳妮, 李念, 蔡源远, 王天巍, 李朝霞, 薛勇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王天巍, authorNote=

盛佳妮(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水土流失与污染防治研究。E-mail:

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王天巍(1977—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水土流失过程与生态调控研究。E-mail:
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盛佳妮(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水土流失与污染防治研究。E-mail:

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注:图a为三峡水库范围及具体研究段;图b为采样点详细位置,石宝镇(SBZ,库中干流)、郭家坝(GJB,库首干流)、香溪河(XXH,库首支流),垂线代表江水悬浮物(SPM)的采样断面;图c为消落带(WLFZ)内沿高程梯度(145~175 m)的断面采样设计示意,上坡面土壤指在175 m以上采集的土壤样品;图d)为用于采集净沉积泥沙的沉积柱设计,含石英砂隔层以区分新沉积物与历史沉积物。

, figureFileSmall=LG8NVqaXbZj32/DMhKnBHQ==, figureFileBig=HcV6K/l4ThHWwjUviTJj3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009683561447982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in net-deposited sediments in typical mainstream and tributary water-level fluctuation zones, figureFileSmall=vBrfw3wFiWc5++Y4MwGX8g==, figureFileBig=h3aQnAyhJRcNGRL9tzptYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009683645334063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=图2, caption=典型干支流消落带净沉积泥沙中重金属的空间分布特征

注:图中箱线图为重金属在不同采样区(GJB郭家坝;SBZ石宝镇;XXH香溪河)的浓度分布特征,箱体上下边界分别代表第75和第25百分位数,横线代表中位数;散点颜色映射采样点的高程(Elevation);图形上方的连接线及星号表示不同采样区间的差异显著性水平(基于Wilcoxon秩和检验);ns表示无显著差异(p>0.05),*表示p<0.05,**表示p<0.01,***表示p<0.001,****表示p<0.000 1。

, figureFileSmall=vBrfw3wFiWc5++Y4MwGX8g==, figureFileBig=h3aQnAyhJRcNGRL9tzptYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009683720831536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Vertical gradient characteristics and trend fitting of heavy metal contents in net-deposited sediments along elevation gradient, figureFileSmall=Deu3RPAuCV70Sljw/ySZ2g==, figureFileBig=IigOVx0TUPL/69vFbpYQsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009683800523313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=图3, caption=净沉积泥沙中重金属含量随高程变化的垂直梯度特征及趋势拟合

注:散点为不同高程(145~175 m)处的重金属实测浓度;不同颜色代表不同的采样区域;实线及阴影区域分别表示线性回归拟合趋势线及95%置信区间;图内标注的R和p值基于Spearman相关性分析。

, figureFileSmall=Deu3RPAuCV70Sljw/ySZ2g==, figureFileBig=IigOVx0TUPL/69vFbpYQsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009683867632178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Potential ecological risk assessment of net-deposited sediments in water-level fluctuation zone of TGR, figureFileSmall=VHj4yXhFF0kvRnX7xyYEgg==, figureFileBig=yTCFOdcW8iAHKz183oI11w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009683947323955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=图4, caption=三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙潜在生态风险评价

注:图a中Cd的高占比(色块最大)表明其为首要风险控制因子。图b红色区域指示高风险区,SBZ低高程段(145~155 m)为显著的风险热点。

, figureFileSmall=VHj4yXhFF0kvRnX7xyYEgg==, figureFileBig=yTCFOdcW8iAHKz183oI11w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009684006044212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) ordination of heavy metals in net-deposited sediments and envi-ronmental driving factors in water-level fluctuation zone of TGR, figureFileSmall=wSpo6EyBAcjfGChv93StlQ==, figureFileBig=v1GuQDlKrbCQEnpLR4Z+Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009684077347381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=图5, caption=三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙重金属与环境驱动因子的典范对应分析(CCA)排序

注:图中散点代表不同采样区(SBZ库中干流;GJB库首干流;XXH库首支流)的净沉积泥沙样本,形状区分深水区(≤160 m)与波动区(>160 m);红色文字标示重金属元素在环境梯度中的分布中心(为优化展示,重金属得分已通过比例因子k=30.2进行放大);黑色箭头代表环境驱动因子,箭头长度反映因子解释强度,箭头与轴的夹角表示相关性。

, figureFileSmall=wSpo6EyBAcjfGChv93StlQ==, figureFileBig=v1GuQDlKrbCQEnpLR4Z+Mw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009684157039158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Source composition spectra and contribution rates of heavy metals in net-deposited sediments based on PMF model, figureFileSmall=YqcGFgcuxZ4ulQUSM1HlKg==, figureFileBig=apMngDGyD9i62ccKwlRjyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009684236730935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于PMF模型解析的净沉积泥沙重金属污染源成分谱及贡献率, figureFileSmall=YqcGFgcuxZ4ulQUSM1HlKg==, figureFileBig=apMngDGyD9i62ccKwlRjyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009684324811320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Background values and toxicity coefficients of heavy metals used in potential ecological risk index (PERI)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属背景值/(mg·kg-1)毒性系数
As5.8410
Cr78.032
Cu25.005
Mn242.801
Ni29.471
Zn69.885
Pb23.885
Cd0.1330
), ArticleFig(id=1312009684408697401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PERI中重金属所使用背景值及毒性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属背景值/(mg·kg-1)毒性系数
As5.8410
Cr78.032
Cu25.005
Mn242.801
Ni29.471
Zn69.885
Pb23.885
Cd0.1330
), ArticleFig(id=1312009684484194874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Risk classification of heavy metals based on PERI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险等级ErRI
低风险Er<40RI<150
中等风险40≤Er<80150≤RI<300
显著风险80≤Er<160-
高风险160≤Er<320300≤RI<600
极高风险Er≥320RI≥600
), ArticleFig(id=1312009684559692347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

PERI对重金属风险等级分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险等级ErRI
低风险Er<40RI<150
中等风险40≤Er<80150≤RI<300
显著风险80≤Er<160-
高风险160≤Er<320300≤RI<600
极高风险Er≥320RI≥600
), ArticleFig(id=1312009684660355644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Heavy metal contents in sediments from upper slope (>175 m) of typical mainstream and tributary water-level fluctuation zones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置AsCrCuMnNiZnPbCd
SBZ4.5654.1317.56330.4120.4970.2223.010.23
GJB17.2872.6033.60365.3136.62116.1217.680.35
XXH18.3268.1832.36315.7029.98108.7418.000.30
), ArticleFig(id=1312009684773601853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

典型干支流消落带上坡面(>175 m)泥沙中重金属含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置AsCrCuMnNiZnPbCd
SBZ4.5654.1317.56330.4120.4970.2223.010.23
GJB17.2872.6033.60365.3136.62116.1217.680.35
XXH18.3268.1832.36315.7029.98108.7418.000.30
), ArticleFig(id=1312009684853293630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Heavy metal contents in riverine suspended particulate matter from typical mainstream and tributary water-level fluctuation zones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置AsCrCuMnNiZnPbCd
SBZ8.8975.8931.15441.9834.27186.2246.100.81
GJB9.5256.3834.86476.7727.79273.3771.920.82
XXH16.1747.7230.26445.9229.81157.6289.290.57
), ArticleFig(id=1312009684932985407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

典型干支流消落带江水悬浮物重金属含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置AsCrCuMnNiZnPbCd
SBZ8.8975.8931.15441.9834.27186.2246.100.81
GJB9.5256.3834.86476.7727.79273.3771.920.82
XXH16.1747.7230.26445.9229.81157.6289.290.57
), ArticleFig(id=1312009685016871488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Physicochemical properties of in-situ sediments from typical mainstream and tributary water-level fluctuation zones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置性质145 m150 m155 m160 m165 m170 m175 m
SBZ质地(黏-砂比)-1.381.490.351.010.980.63
有机质/(g·kg-1)-14.8014.6319.4822.3014.3012.23
pH-6.736.526.016.164.915.47
GJB质地(黏-砂比)0.871.060.350.360.321.972.02
有机质/(g·kg-1)14.9315.7515.4213.2611.379.8715.86
pH6.336.326.396.426.476.476.30
XXH质地(黏-砂比)0.330.380.190.200.040.601.15
有机质/(g·kg-1)14.3214.3314.3414.5410.5210.6015.21
pH6.366.266.366.466.566.526.32
), ArticleFig(id=1312009685109146177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

典型干支流消落带原位沉积物理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置性质145 m150 m155 m160 m165 m170 m175 m
SBZ质地(黏-砂比)-1.381.490.351.010.980.63
有机质/(g·kg-1)-14.8014.6319.4822.3014.3012.23
pH-6.736.526.016.164.915.47
GJB质地(黏-砂比)0.871.060.350.360.321.972.02
有机质/(g·kg-1)14.9315.7515.4213.2611.379.8715.86
pH6.336.326.396.426.476.476.30
XXH质地(黏-砂比)0.330.380.190.200.040.601.15
有机质/(g·kg-1)14.3214.3314.3414.5410.5210.6015.21
pH6.366.266.366.466.566.526.32
), ArticleFig(id=1312009685222392386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Descriptive statistics of heavy metal contents in net-deposited sediments from typical mainstream and tributary water-level fluctuation zones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属平均值标准差方差偏度峰度CV/%
As11.011.582.50-0.14-0.2014.37
Cr72.429.7695.26-0.52-0.1413.48
Cu49.725.0325.27-0.380.0610.11
Mn768.87264.3269 865.82-0.05-1.0034.38
Ni38.966.1738.01-0.40-0.5115.83
Zn152.8627.39750.07-0.60-0.0817.92
Pb50.3816.00255.900.18-0.2231.75
Cd0.720.320.100.800.3744.39
), ArticleFig(id=1312009685297889859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009674929570285, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

典型干支流消落带净沉积泥沙重金属含量描述性统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
重金属平均值标准差方差偏度峰度CV/%
As11.011.582.50-0.14-0.2014.37
Cr72.429.7695.26-0.52-0.1413.48
Cu49.725.0325.27-0.380.0610.11
Mn768.87264.3269 865.82-0.05-1.0034.38
Ni38.966.1738.01-0.40-0.5115.83
Zn152.8627.39750.07-0.60-0.0817.92
Pb50.3816.00255.900.18-0.2231.75
Cd0.720.320.100.800.3744.39
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三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙重金属源汇机制
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盛佳妮 1 , 李念 1 , 蔡源远 1 , 王天巍 1 , 李朝霞 1 , 薛勇 2
水土保持学报 | 基础研究 2026,40(4): 386-395
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水土保持学报 |基础研究 2026 , 40 (4) : 386 -395
三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙重金属源汇机制
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盛佳妮1 , 李念1, 蔡源远1, 王天巍1 , 李朝霞1, 薛勇2
作者信息
  • 1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
  • 2.湖北省五峰土家族自治县农业农村局,湖北 五峰 443413
通讯作者:
王天巍(1977—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水土流失过程与生态调控研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

盛佳妮(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水土流失与污染防治研究。E-mail:

Source-Sink Mechanisms of Heavy Metals in Net Deposited Sediments in Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Jiani SHENG1 , Nian LI1, Yuanyuan CAI1, Tianwei WANG1 , Zhaoxia LI1, Yong XUE2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
  • 2.Agriculture and;Rural Affairs Bureau of Hubei Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County,Wufeng,Hubei 443413,China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.036
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目的 为明确三峡库区单次水文调度周期内新增污染指纹,精准解析不同水动力条件下重金属的来源与驱动机制。 方法 在三峡库区典型干支流消落带(石宝寨、郭家坝、香溪河),利用原位沉积柱采集了完整水文周期的净沉积泥沙,结合潜在生态风险指数(PERI)、典范对应分析(CCA)及正定矩阵因子模型(PMF),系统解析了重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn)的污染特征、来源及环境驱动机制。 结果 1)污染特征:Cd是首要污染因子,平均含量显著高于库区背景值。库中的生态风险等级显著高于库首,且高风险热区为深层淹水区(145~155 m)。2)驱动机制:淹水时长解释了54.5%的重金属变异,是首要驱动因子。长周期淹水驱动的“水力分选效应”促使细颗粒物与重金属优先在低高程区吸附累积。3)来源解析:PMF模型识别出交通/工业源(主导Cd,Pb)、农业/混合源(主导As、Cu、Ni)和自然源(主导Mn)3类来源,其中Cd对工业源的贡献率接近100%。 结论 净沉积泥沙能有效反演库区短期污染输入,证实库区中部回水变动区作为“沉积过滤器”的拦截效应及其垂直富集机制,为三峡库区消落带重金属污染的精细化管理与分区防控提供科学依据。

三峡库区消落带  /  净沉积泥沙  /  重金属  /  源解析  /  水力分选  /  环境驱动机制

Objective To clarify the newly introduced pollution fingerprints during a single hydrological regulation cycle in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and accurately identify the sources and driving mechanisms of heavy metals under different hydrodynamic conditions. Methods In the typical riparian water-level fluctuation zones (Shibaozhai, Guojiaba, and Xiangxi River) in the middle and lower reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, intact net-deposited sediments across a complete hydrological cycle were collected using in-situ sediment columns. The potential ecological risk index (PERI), canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) were applied to systematically analyze the pollution characteristics, sources, and environmental driving mechanisms of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn). Results 1) Pollution characteristics: Cd was the primary pollution factor, with its average content significantly higher than the background value of the reservoir area. The ecological risk level in the reservoir center was significantly higher than that in the reservoir head, and the high-risk hotspots were concentrated in the deep flooding zone (145~155 m). 2) Driving mechanisms: Flooding duration explained 54.5% of the variance in heavy metals, serving as the primary driving factor. The "hydraulic sorting effect" driven by long-term flooding facilitated the preferential adsorption and accumulation of fine particles and heavy metals in low-elevation areas. 3) Source apportionment: The PMF model identified three pollution sources, namely traffic/industrial sources (mainly contributing to Cd and Pb), agricultural/mixed sources (mainly contributing to As, Cu, and Ni), and natural sources (mainly contributing to Mn). Among these, the contribution rate of industrial sources to Cd was nearly 100%. Conclusion It is confirmed that the net-deposited sediments can effectively retrace short-term pollution inputs in the reservoir area and confirm the interception effect of the midstream backwater fluctuation zone as a "sediment filter" and its vertical enrichment mechanism, thereby providing a scientific basis for the refined management and zoned prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area  /  net-deposited sediments  /  heavy metals  /  source apportionment  /  hydraulic sorting  /  environmental driving mechanism
盛佳妮, 李念, 蔡源远, 王天巍, 李朝霞, 薛勇. 三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙重金属源汇机制. 水土保持学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 386 -395 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.036
Jiani SHENG, Nian LI, Yuanyuan CAI, Tianwei WANG, Zhaoxia LI, Yong XUE. Source-Sink Mechanisms of Heavy Metals in Net Deposited Sediments in Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026 , 40 (4) : 386 -395 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.036
三峡水库“冬蓄夏排”的反季节水位调度在库区两岸形成总面积约349 km²的消落带(water-level fluctua-tion zone,WLFZ)。作为连接水域与陆域的关键生态交错带,消落带受回水顶托与周期性淹水影响,已逐渐演变为流域重金属污染物的关键“汇”[1]。伴随长江经济带的快速发展,入库污染物通量持续增加,并在“吸附-絮凝-沉降”机制作用下富集于消落带沉积物中[2]。在周期性干湿交替驱动下,这些重金属面临着复杂的物理迁移与化学形态转化风险,对库区水生态安全构成潜在威胁[3]。因此,精准解析消落带重金属的污染特征及驱动机制,是维护三峡库区生态安全的重要前提。
既有研究已证实消落带沉积物中存在显著的重金属富集现象。在空间分布特征上,相关学者[4]研究发现,重金属含量主要受高程梯度控制,普遍呈现“深水区富集、高程递减”的规律,且干支流间存在显著的输移差异。在来源解析与驱动机制方面,多元统计模型(如PMF、PCA等)被广泛用于识别工业、交通及农业面源贡献[5];而土壤pH、有机质及氧化还原电位(Eh)的变化则被认为是控制重金属形态转化的关键内因[6]。然而,现有研究多基于消落带表层土壤(0~20 cm)进行采样分析。受岸坡背景土壤侵蚀与多周期沉积叠加的影响,表层土壤往往是由近期沉积与背景土的混合样组成,导致难以从中剥离出单一水文周期内新输入污染物的真实指纹,从而限制了对近期水库调度环境下沉积物污染现状的精准评估。
针对上述局限,本研究选取三峡库区库中、库首典型干流(石宝镇、郭家坝)与支流(香溪河)消落带为研究对象,利用原位沉积柱装置,采集并分析一个完整水文周期内的“净沉积泥沙”。通过排除历史背景土干扰的独特环境载体,本研究旨在:1)精准量化单一水文周期内重金属的新增负荷与空间风险热点;2)从水动力分选与淹水时长角度,剖析重金属垂直分异的“源-汇”耦合驱动机制;3)结合PMF模型定量解析不同水动力分区下的污染来源组成。研究结果可为三峡库区消落带重金属污染的精细化溯源与分区防控提供科学依据。
三峡库区地处长江上游与中下游的过渡地带(29°16'~31°25'N,106°50'~110°50'E),属亚热带湿润季风气候,地形以山地和丘陵为主。为全面反映库区不同水动力条件下的沉积特性,本研究依据“干流-支流”及“库中-库首”的空间异质性,选取3个典型消落带作为研究样地(图1a、图1b)。
库中干流区(SBZ):位于忠县石宝镇,江面开阔,流速相对较快。该区域两岸地形平缓,土地利用压力大,代表库区腹地受人类活动干扰强烈的环境[7]。
库首干流区(GJB):位于秭归县郭家坝镇,近坝前区域,河道深切宽阔,岸坡陡峭,蓄水后流速显著降低,表现出明显的静水沉积特征[8]。
库首支流区(XXH):位于香溪河河口,受干流回水顶托影响强烈,水体流速极缓[8]。两岸发育多级阶地,上坡多为果园,代表受农业面源和支流独特水动力影响的区域。
为精准捕捉消落带垂直空间上的污染分异特征,本研究在上述3个典型区域(SBZ、GJB、XXH)建立原位监测样带(图1c)。在每个样带的垂直方向上,依据三峡水库145~175 m的调度高程,按5 m的高程间隔(145、150、155、160、165、170、175 m)布设采样点。这种布设方式覆盖了从深水淹没区到高水位波动区的完整梯度,确保对不同淹水时长环境的全面监测。
为剥离背景土壤干扰并获取单一水文周期内的净沉积物,本研究设计并应用原位沉积柱采集装置(图1d)。沉积柱主体为PVC材质(底径20 cm,高50 cm),底部设置海绵透水层以模拟自然下渗,其上铺设10 cm厚度的40目石英砂作为隔沙层,用于物理隔离原位土壤并固定新沉降的泥沙。于水库蓄水前预先埋设。经历一个完整的“蓄水-淹没-落干”水文周期后,待水位消退至各采样点高程时,立即进行回收。采集柱内石英砂层之上的全部沉积物,剔除植物残体与杂质后,作为“净沉积泥沙”样品。
同步采集各样带对应的江水悬浮物(分别于静水期和汛期采集水样并抽滤)及上坡面(>175 m)0~20 cm表层土壤,作为潜在污染源的单元样品。
采集的净沉积泥沙样品运回实验室后,经40目筛分去除混入的石英砂,105 ℃烘干至恒重。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn共8种重金属元素的含量[9],使用激光粒度仪Microtrac SDC测定机械组成并计算黏砂比[10],采用重铬酸钾容量法测定有机质、电位法测定pH[11]。
采用潜在生态风险指数(PERI)法,结合三峡库区土壤背景值,综合评估各金属的污染程度及生态风险等级[12];运用正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF),定量解析各重金属的污染来源及其贡献率[13]。除PMF模型使用EPA PMF 5.0外,其他数据分析与绘图均在RStudio中进行。
潜在生态风险指数是一种综合评价重金属污染及生态风险的有效方法,广泛应用于沉积物、土壤和底泥的风险定量化中[12],计算公式为:
RI=∑i=1nEri=∑i=1n(Tri×Ci/Cbi)
式中:Ci为样品中重金属i的实测浓度;Cbi为重金属i的背景值[14];Tri为重金属i的毒性系数;Ei为单一金属对生态系统的潜在危害程度,数值越大危害越大;RI将所有单因子风险累加,得到多金属综合风险,能够反映协同或叠加效应。PERI中重金属所使用背景值及毒性系数见表1。
根据Hakanson[12]提出的PERI系统,对某一重金属的风险等级及对PERI的分类(表2)。
PMF模型将样品数据矩阵分解为源特征矩阵(fij)与源贡献矩阵(gij)定量分析,计算公式为:
Xij=∑k=1ngikfkj+eij
uij=(δ×c)2+(0.5×MDL)2
Q=∑i=1n∑j=1meijuij2
式中:Xij为第i个采样点第j种重金属的浓度;gik为第k个来源对第i个采样点的贡献;fkj为第k个来源对第j种重金属的浓度;eij为残差矩阵;uij为第i个采样点第j种重金属的不确定度,由误差度(δ)、样品浓度(c)和方法检出限(MDL)计算;Q为目标函数,一般通过调整来源因子数使其最小。
为揭示净沉积泥沙中重金属空间分异的驱动机制,本研究基于“源-汇”过程,选取4类关键环境因子进行定量解释,使用典范对应分析(CCA)进行环境驱动因子分析[15]。
1) 淹水时长是水文节律的直接代理指标。根据三峡水库水位调度数据,计算各采样高程在单一水文周期内的实际被淹没天数(单一水文周期中消落带145、150、155、160、165、170、175 m高程对应淹水时长分别为360、344、289、206、151、72、0 d),用于量化水动力作用时间及氧化还原环境的梯度变化。
2) 上坡面土壤输入(表3)。以各样带175 m高程以上未受淹没区域的表层土壤重金属含量为指标,代表陆源侧向输入(如地表径流冲刷、崩塌)对消落带的直接贡献。
3) 江水悬浮物沉降(表4)。以对应断面的江水悬浮物重金属含量为指标,代表水体中悬浮颗粒物通过“沉降”,对消落带的垂直输入贡献。
4) 原位沉积物理化性质(表5):选取黏砂比代表沉积物的机械组成,反映细颗粒物对重金属的物理吸附潜力;选取pH和有机质(SOM)反映微界面的化学吸附与络合环境。
三峡库区中下游消落带净沉积泥沙中8种重金属(HMs)的整体统计特征见表6。研究区内,除Cr [(72.42±9.76) mg/kg]和Ni [(38.96±6.17) mg/kg]外,其余重金属的含量平均值均超过库区土壤背景值[14]。根据变异系数(CV)及偏度特征,重金属呈现出2类显著不同的变异模式。高空间波动元素:以Cd为代表,其变异系数最高(44.39%),且偏度值为0.80,表现出强烈的右偏分布特征,说明其污染易在局部暴发,存在高风险点位。Mn (34.38%)和Pb (31.75%)的变异系数也较高,说明这些元素含量分布可能受多种因素影响,如工业或交通热点,而非全流域均匀的背景输入。低空间波动元素:As、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn变异系数相对较低(10.11%~17.92%)。这些元素的数据分布较为对称,偏度值绝对值均<0.60,在空间上的分布相对均一,表明这些元素在库区内的来源较为广泛且单一,或在迁移过程中受到了水体混合作用的均一化影响。
图2为三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙中重金属的空间分布特征。在水平沿程空间分布上,库中干流(SBZ)的Cd、Mn、Pb和Zn含量均显著高于库首干流(GJB)(p<0.05)。特别是 Cd 和 Pb,在 SBZ 的中位值明显偏离背景值,表现出“库中富集、库首递减”的宏观分布格局 。在干支流横向梯度上,库首干流(GJB)与支流(XXH)之间重金属分布表现出显著差异(p<0.05)。GJB 样地的Cd和Cu含量极显著低于支流XXH (p<0.01);相反,GJB样地的As和Cr含量则显著高于支流XXH。Ni、Pb和Zn在库首干支流间未表现出统计学上的显著差异(p>0.05)。
通过对采样点高程(145~175 m)与重金属含量的趋势拟合发现,重金属含量呈现显著的高程响应特征(图3)。库中干流(SBZ)具有最清晰的垂直演变规律,其Cd、Zn和Pb的含量随高程增加呈显著线性递减趋势(R绝对值均>0.5,p<0.05)。高含量样点集中分布在 145~155 m的深水淹没区,而高水位波动区(170~175 m)的含量相对较低。库首区域(GJB、XXH)多数重金属的垂直分配特征趋于平缓。其中XXH的As、Cr、Mn、Ni仍保持随高程增加而降低的显著趋势(p<0.05),但其拟合曲线的斜率明显小于库中区域。GJB的Cd、As等元素随高程变化的线性关系未达到显著水平,表现出更为复杂的垂直分布形态。
基于潜在生态风险指数(RI)的评价结果(图4)显示,三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙表现出显著的空间异质性。库区总体呈现“库中高风险、库首中低风险”的格局。库中干流SBZ的综合生态风险显著高于库首,且在垂直方向上形成1个显著的风险热区,集中于145~155 m的低高程区域,其RI值在热区内多超过600,达到“极高风险”等级(图4b)。相比之下,库首GJB和XXH的生态风险相对较低,RI值多处于“中等”至“显著”风险区间。
从风险构成来看,Cd 是主导库区生态风险的首要因子。在所有样地和高程梯度下,Cd 的单项潜在生态风险指数Er均处于各金属之首,其对总RI值的贡献率占据绝对优势(图 4a)。As和Pb的贡献率次之,而Cr、Cu、Mn、Ni、Zn等元素的单项风险多处于“低风险”等级,对综合风险的贡献相对有限。
典范对应分析(CCA)结果进一步量化4类环境因子对净沉积泥沙重金属空间分异的解释贡献(图5)。CCA 模型整体达到极显著水平(F=5.52、p=0.001)。前2轴累计解释94.5%的约束方差,其中第1主轴(CCA1)和第2主轴(CCA2)的解释率分别为75.4%和19.1%。在所有环境因子中,淹水时长的射线箭头最长,表明其对重金属分布的解释强度最高,其次为上坡面输入和有机质。第1主轴(CCA1)与淹水时长和有机质呈显著负相关。Mn和Cd沿该轴负方向分布,表现出随淹水时间增加而富集的特征。第2主轴(CCA2)则主要由上坡面输入(As、Cr)和黏-砂比定义。As、Cr、Ni等元素沿该轴正方向分布,与上坡面土壤输入表现出较强的相关性。Cd和Pb的分布方向较偏离其他金属,位于CCA2的正半轴上。排序图中样本呈现明显的区域和高程聚类特征(图5)。SBZ的样本及各样地的深水区(≤160 m)样本多聚集在 CCA1的负半轴,与长淹水时间向量重合。相比之下,各样地的波动区(>160 m)样本向CCA2的正方向偏移,靠近上坡输入和黏-砂比向量。
PMF模型解析结果显示,三峡库区消落带净沉积泥沙中重金属含量主要受3类来源因子的驱动,各因子对重金属含量的贡献率见图6。模型识别出的3个因子表现出截然不同的组分指纹。因子1对总污染的解释贡献率为27.51%。在该因子中,As、Cr、Cu和Ni 4种元素的贡献率较为接近,分别为42.4%、46.1%、47.5%和47.2%,显示出较均衡的分布特征。因子2呈极强的单一金属指向性,其对Cd的解释贡献率高达99.97%,对Pb的贡献率也达到80.8%。其余6 种金属在该因子中的贡献率均显著较低。因子3主要贡献于Mn,解释比例为53.9%。值得注意的是,Mn在此因子中的独立分布特征最为显著,而Zn(23.2%)和As(29.1%)在此因子中也有一定的分布,但贡献权重明显弱于Mn。因子 1(农业/混合源)对 As、Cr、Cu 和 Ni的贡献率较高(> 40%),反映流域背景土壤侵蚀与农业面源输入的混合特征; 因子 2(交通/工业源) 表现出极强的 Cd(99.97%) 和 Pb(80.8%)富集特征,指示强烈的交通排放与工业活动等人为点源输入;因子 3(自然源)对 Mn(54.0%)具有最高贡献,代表消落带沉积环境中受氧化还原条件控制的铁锰氧化物次生富集过程。
本研究结果证实,三峡水库独特的“纵向水力分选机制”在重金属的归趋中起到决定性作用。研究结果支持所提出的科学假设,即库区流速场的空间异质性会导致重金属在特定江段发生非均匀富集。SBZ样地Cd和Pb的显著富集有力地验证了该假设,并进一步揭示,水库中游作为“沉积过滤器”的生态功能。与早期部分研究[16]指出“越靠近大坝沉积越显著”的传统观点不同。本研究发现,库区腹地(SBZ)而非坝前(GJB)是重金属累积的关键“汇”。其内在机理可能在于水动力条件的阈值突变,当长江干流进入回水变动区后,过水断面扩大导致流速下降,以万县断面为例[17],其挟沙能力在蓄水后骤降91%,促使负载重金属的细颗粒泥沙在此发生大规模絮凝沉降,从而使中游回水区演变为拦截上游污染输入的关键“沉积过滤器”[18]。相比之下,库首GJB虽然流速更缓,但由于细颗粒物已被中游“截留”,其沉积物主要由本地粗颗粒或大坝排沙后的残留物组成,从而表现出“粒度效应”主导的浓度稀释现象[19]。此结论修正对库区污染热点空间分布的认知,强调库区中部在流域污染拦截中的关键地位。
以往基于表层土壤的研究通常认为消落带重金属垂直分布呈现“无序”或“弱梯度”特征。例如,王业春等[20]对忠县消落带的研究发现,尽管不同高程淹水时长差异巨大,但土壤重金属含量并无显著差异。这种差异的主要原因在于表层土壤是多周期沉积物与岸坡背景土(受崩塌、径流侵蚀影响)的混合体,侧向侵蚀的物质补偿掩盖纵向水动力分选的真实指纹。相比之下,本研究利用原位装置屏蔽侧向输入,清晰地捕捉到由水位涨落驱动的严苛的“垂直水力分选”信号。证明在缺乏侧向干扰的理想状态下,淹水时长是控制污染物累积的首要驱动力。
监测数据[21]显示,部分高程点的净沉积通量显著高于邻近表层土的背景水平。此差异暗示消落带在退水出露期可能存在强烈的“二次流失”过程,即汛期沉积的富含重金属的细颗粒物,在落干期被降雨径流冲刷后重返水体。因此,传统表层样反映的是“沉积-冲刷”后的残留状态,而本研究揭示水体向消落带输送的瞬时高风险通量。也说明仅依靠近期表层土壤采样,可能低估水库运行对污染物的实际拦截效应。
本研究证实消落带重金属风险受外部输入与内部地球化学过程的双重驱动,证明“源-汇”耦合机制在污染物风险空间分配中的主导作用。
Cd被识别为库区首要风险因子,与其极高的变异系数及PMF模型解析出的工业源特征高度吻合。PMF结果显示,工业源对Cd 的贡献率接近100%,结合SBZ样地作为“中游沉积汇”拦截大量上游工业点源排放的细颗粒物,解释了该区域Cd极高生态风险的来源属性。SBZ 145~155 m区域之所以成为风险热点,不仅受“水力分选效应”导致的细颗粒物富集驱动,更受消落带独特的“铁锰氧化物循环”调节。在深层淹水区145~155 m,长周期的还原环境促使Mn氧化物发生还原溶解,而退水出露期的硫化物氧化作用可能导致吸附态 Cd 的二次释放,提高其生物有效性[22]。
尽管Cd源于人为排放,其空间归趋却与自然源Mn表现出高度耦合。新生成的无定形锰氧化物胶体作为溶解态Cd的高效清除剂,通过“锰泵效应”主导金属向颗粒态的转化[21]。说明消落带不仅是物理上的“沉积汇”,更存在活跃的生物地球化学演化,其内部环境介质对污染物的“二次固定”决定了风险的最终空间格局。
CCA分析揭示消落带重金属空间格局是由“纵向水文节律”与“横向陆源侵蚀”耦合驱动的。CCA1解释绝大部分的变异,证实淹水时长是控制污染物累积的首要驱动力。淹水时长不仅是水力的代理指标,更通过影响颗粒物沉降过程决定重金属的垂直分配。长周期淹水驱动的“水力分选效应”促使细颗粒物优先在低高程区沉积,细颗粒物具有更高的比表面积和吸附位点,导致重金属的垂直富集[23]。也解释为什么深水区样本在CCA图中表现出高度的聚合性。CCA2反映岸坡背景通过物理侵蚀(如地表径流、崩塌等)对消落带的贡献。As和Cr等元素受上坡面输入的强烈驱动,表明这些元素在波动区(>160 m)的分布主要受控于近岸土壤的侧向输移。该结果解释高水位区重金属梯度趋缓的现象,即侧向输移掩盖部分水动力分选信号。Cd和Pb偏离样点群的分布特征进一步证实其来源的特殊性。虽然淹水时长贡献物理沉积背景,但其极高的富集水平更多来源于上游工业与交通的外部输入[24]。该种“人为源输入-自然载体(Mn氧化物)捕获”的耦合机制,导致Cd虽源于工业,却在空间上受到自然水文节律(Mn循环)的严格约束。
本研究通过PMF模型定量解析不同来源对重金属累积的贡献,进一步明晰库区消落带人为干扰与天然背景的叠加机制。因子1中Cr和Ni的高贡献反映了成土母质的自然背景[25],而Cu和As的均衡占比则与流域内果园等农业面源输入密切相关[26]。印证了前述CCA分析中“横向陆源侵蚀”的驱动作用,即降雨径流将上坡面含有农药、肥料残留的泥沙带入消落带,形成稳定的农业/混合来源。因子2是库区受人为活动干扰最强烈的表征之一。Cd接近100%的人为源属性及其在SBZ样地的富集,有力证明中游回水区对上游工业废水排放颗粒物的“沉积拦截”作用。Pb的高贡献则与库区繁忙的船舶航运及沿江交通废弃物排放高度吻合[23]。Mn的独立分布特征反映消落带特有的“锰泵效应”[22]。受库区水文节律驱动,Mn在淹水期的还原溶解与退水期的氧化沉淀,不仅决定其自身的空间分布,更通过吸附-解吸过程间接调控Cd金属的地球化学行为。
1)研究证实库区中游回水变动区(如石宝镇样地)已取代坝前区域,成为Cd、Pb等人为源重金属的首要“沉积汇”。此发现验证大型水库的“纵向沉积过滤”机制,即中游区域通过流速突变驱动的细颗粒物絮凝,有效拦截上游污染物,导致下游干支流呈现显著的稀释特征。
2)相较于传统表层土壤采样,原位采集的净沉积泥沙清晰刻画由“淹水时长-水力分选”主导的垂直分布特征,即深水区(145~155 m)的显著富集。该发现揭示消落带在退水出露期面临强烈的“二次冲刷流失”风险,意味着基于表层土的常规监测可能显著低估了汛期水体向消落带输入的瞬时污染负荷。
3)尽管Cd主要源于工业与交通等外部排放,但其空间归趋受控于自然源Mn氧化物的氧化还原循环。“锰泵效应”主导溶解态重金属向颗粒态的转化与固定,表明消落带不仅是污染物的物理沉积场,更是通过地球化学过程,动态调节污染物生物有效性的关键转化器 。
4)鉴于“库中高风险、深水区富集”的分布格局,建议将库区环境监测重心从库首坝前区域向库中回水区前移。同时,在水位调度中应重点评估145~155 m深水区沉积物再悬浮引发的内源释放风险,为消落带重金属污染的精细化分区防控提供科学支撑。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(U2240222)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42377328)
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.036
  • 接收时间:2025-12-15
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-15
  • 修回日期:2026-01-25
  • 录用日期:2026-02-11
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2240222)
国家自然科学基金项目(42377328)
作者信息
    1.华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉 430070
    2.湖北省五峰土家族自治县农业农村局,湖北 五峰 443413

通讯作者:

王天巍(1977—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事水土流失过程与生态调控研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/stbcxb/CN/10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.036
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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