Article(id=1312009656797593962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.041, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1772640000000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-05, revisedDate=1775664000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-09, acceptedDate=1776614400000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-20, onlineDate=1790737078141, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790737078141, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790737078141, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790737078141, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312009474789958403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790737034746, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739471092, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=78, endPage=86, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312009657003114859, articleId=1312009656797593962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=EN, title=Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stability Characteristics of Abandoned Farmland in Southwest Karst Regions, columnId=1312009514929455370, journalTitle=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, columnName="Special Issue on Rocky Desertification Control and Ecological Restoration", runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study aims to investigate the evolution patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) in abandoned farmland of karst areas and identify the transition threshold of carbon pool from quantitative expansion to structural stabilization. Methods A typical abandoned farmland of karst areas in Guizhou was selected as the research subject. A space-for-time substitution method was adopted to analyze the differences in SOC content and its fractions, including easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), in the 0~20 cm soil layer across farmland (CK) and succession sequences (5, 10, and 15 a of abandonment). The carbon pool management index (CPMI) and the HFOC/SOC ratio were used to evaluate carbon pool stability. Results 1) After 15 a of abandonment, SOC content in the 0~10 cm soil layer increased by 70.1% compared with CK, with accumulation mainly occurring in the first 10 a. 2) EOC and POC showed an inverted "U"-shaped pattern with increasing abandonment years and peaked at 10 a, increasing by 91.5% and 107.1%, respectively, in the 0~10 cm soil layer compared with CK. HFOC showed a highly significant continuous linear increase (R²>0.9), with its contribution remaining at 88%~90%. 3) The 10 a of abandonment was the threshold for carbon pool functional transition from an activity-driven quantity increase stage to a stability-driven quality stabilization stage, at which CPMI peaked and then declined, while the stability ratio increased. 4) Carbon pool remodeling showed a vertical differentiation pattern with earlier transformation in the surface layer and a lagged response in deeper layers. The 0~10 cm soil layer exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to succession and faster stability improvement than the 10~20 cm soil layer. The first axis of redundancy analysis (RDA) explained 57.27% of the variations, and abandonment years were the dominant factor driving changes in carbon fractions. Conclusion 10 a is the key turning point for carbon pool functional remodeling in karst areas, and vegetation restoration promotes the transition from active accumulation to chemical stabilization. This finding emphasizes the importance of focusing on carbon pool transformation in surface soils and enhancing carbon sequestration capacity by utilizing strong mineral protection in calcium-rich habitats.

, authors=Huidan Peng1, 2, Quanhou Dai1, 2, Xingsong Yi3, Li Tian1, 2, Huamei Li1, 2, authorsList=Huidan Peng, Quanhou Dai, Xingsong Yi, Li Tian, Huamei Li, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Quanhou Dai, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312009660153037176, articleId=1312009656797593962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=CN, title=西南喀斯特耕地撂荒土壤有机碳组分变化及其稳定性特征, columnId=1312009515093033228, journalTitle=水土保持学报, columnName=“石漠化防治与生态修复”专栏, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 为探究喀斯特耕地撂荒土壤有机碳变化规律并辨析碳库由数量扩张向结构稳固转化的阈值。 方法 以贵州典型喀斯特撂荒耕地为研究对象,采用时空替代法,分析耕地(CK)及演替序列(5、10、15 a)土层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳(SOC)及其组分(易氧化有机碳EOC、颗粒有机碳POC、轻组有机碳LFOC、重组有机碳HFOC)的含量分异,利用碳库管理指数(CPMI)及重组组分占比(HFOC/SOC)评价碳库稳定性。 结果 1)撂荒15 a时0~10 cm土层SOC含量较CK显著增长70.1%,积累主要集中在前10 a。2)EOC与POC随撂荒年限呈倒“U”形波动并于10 a达峰,0~10 cm土层分别较CK增长91.5%和107.1%;HFOC呈极显著持续线性增长(R2>0.9)贡献率稳居88%~90%。3)撂荒10 a是碳库由活性驱动的量增阶段转向稳定驱动的质稳阶段的关键功能转型阈值,此点CPMI达峰后回落,稳定性比值回升。4)碳库重塑呈浅层先转型、深层滞后的垂直分异规律,0~10 cm土层对演替驱动的敏感度及稳定性提升速度显著优于10~20 cm土层。RDA第1轴解释率达57.27%,撂荒年限是驱动组分变化的主导因子。 结论 10 a是喀斯特碳库功能重塑的关键拐点,植被恢复促使碳库由活性积累转向化学固持。该发现强调评估应关注表层碳库转型,利用高钙生境增强矿物保护韧性,提升固碳能力。

, authors=彭绘丹1, 2, 戴全厚1, 2, 易兴松3, 田力1, 2, 李华梅1, 2, authorsList=彭绘丹, 戴全厚, 易兴松, 田力, 李华梅, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=戴全厚, authorNote=

彭绘丹(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事喀斯特土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
戴全厚(1969—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事喀斯特水力侵蚀与生态修复重建研究。E-mail:
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彭绘丹(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事喀斯特土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:

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Effect of vegetation restoration on soil carbon sequestration: Dynamics and its driving mechanisms[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2023,37(2):1-10., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1312009666188640695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, awardId=42467045, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(42467045), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1312009666255749560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, awardId=42577379, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(42577379), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1312009660475998585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009660484387194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, companyId=1312009660475998585, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009660492775803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, companyId=1312009660475998585, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.贵州大学林学院,贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1312009660564078972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009660572467581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, companyId=1312009660564078972, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Research Center of Soil Erosion and;Ecological Restoration,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009660580856190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, companyId=1312009660564078972, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.贵州大学土壤侵蚀与生态修复研究中心,贵阳 550025)]), AuthorCompany(id=1312009660656353663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009660660547968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, companyId=1312009660656353663, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.School of Tourism,Ecology,and Environment,Anshun University,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009660668936577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, companyId=1312009660656353663, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.安顺学院旅游生态与环境学院,贵州 安顺 561000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1312009664938738089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Geographical location of the study area, figureFileSmall=c95KimPD88vMFvIL/j9otg==, figureFileBig=oazraGHSAbwR9Uw/cE1e3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009664997458346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区地理位置, figureFileSmall=c95KimPD88vMFvIL/j9otg==, figureFileBig=oazraGHSAbwR9Uw/cE1e3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009665215562155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Changes in soil organic carbon accumulation and carbon pool stability, figureFileSmall=WxHIqVtAiDTAVtFVgTH11g==, figureFileBig=U5SYSMC+z0Froh5BUEJaDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009665291059628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=CN, label=图2, caption=土壤有机碳积累与碳库稳定性变化

注:图柱及折线处小写字母表示不同撂荒年限间显著差异(p<0.05);HFOC/SOC为有机碳库稳定性;CPMI为碳库管理指数。下同。

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注:图中X为撂荒年限。

, figureFileSmall=S8ep/D5adfbEi5cI3vF52Q==, figureFileBig=ffjMkIJUxgiG1G+977qSLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009665693712817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Correlation analysis among carbon fractions, figureFileSmall=K/Ghcq1UIXMrSobSfjKUyw==, figureFileBig=dxUbM7MRlB8IiLsAuvPeFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009665781793202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=CN, label=图5, caption=各组分间的相关性

注:SOC为土壤有机碳;EOC为易氧化有机碳;POC为颗粒有机碳;HFOC为重组有机碳;LFOC为轻组有机碳;*表示p<0.05。下同。

, figureFileSmall=K/Ghcq1UIXMrSobSfjKUyw==, figureFileBig=dxUbM7MRlB8IiLsAuvPeFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009665853096371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Redundancy analysis of soil organic carbon fractions and environmental factors, figureFileSmall=VduSh4fP2XeONyxyJpAelA==, figureFileBig=6TebOO41VxrBWu4GZbp6dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009665924399540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=CN, label=图6, caption=土壤有机碳组分与环境因子的冗余分析

注:FVC为植被覆盖度;LD为枯落物厚度。

, figureFileSmall=VduSh4fP2XeONyxyJpAelA==, figureFileBig=6TebOO41VxrBWu4GZbp6dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009666016674229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of the sample plot

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型经度(E)纬度(N)海拔/m坡度/(°)

枯落物

厚度/cm

植被覆盖度/%样地特征
CK106°38′05″~106°38′06″

26°27′06″~

26°27′07″

1 180~1 19313~20030~80年种植玉米(Zea mays)、土豆(Solanum tuberosum)等农作物,碳输入以作物根系为主,量少且季节性强。地上部分收获后移除,枯落物极少

撂荒

5 a

106°38′06″~106°38′07″

26°27′08″~

26°27′09″

1 189~1 20313~220.03~0.130~80以一年生草本植物为主,优势物种为荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)、狗尾草(Seta-ria viridis)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)等,平均高度20~60 cm碳输入以浅根系易分解枯落物为主,地上生物量约0.3~0.6 kg/m²
撂荒10 a106°38′31″~106°38′35″

26°28′08″~

26°28′22″

1 179~1 20514~230.2~0.530~80以多年生草本植物为主,主要有白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、五节芒(Miscan-thus floridulus)等,平均高度80~100 cm地下根系密度增大,枯落物量增加,地上生物量约1.0~1.8 kg/m²
撂荒15 a106°37′41″~106°37′45″

26°26′54″~

26°26′56″

1 185~1 19614~210.5~3.030~80以灌木和多年生草本植物为主,主要有火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)、小果蔷薇(Rosa cymosa)、金佛山荚蒾(Vibur-num chinshanense)、白茅(Imperata cy-lindrica)、五节芒(Miscanthus floridu-lus)等,平均高度1.0~2.5 m,根系深,多为难分解枯落物,地上生物量约2.5~4.0 kg/m²
), ArticleFig(id=1312009666087977398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009656797593962, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样地基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型经度(E)纬度(N)海拔/m坡度/(°)

枯落物

厚度/cm

植被覆盖度/%样地特征
CK106°38′05″~106°38′06″

26°27′06″~

26°27′07″

1 180~1 19313~20030~80年种植玉米(Zea mays)、土豆(Solanum tuberosum)等农作物,碳输入以作物根系为主,量少且季节性强。地上部分收获后移除,枯落物极少

撂荒

5 a

106°38′06″~106°38′07″

26°27′08″~

26°27′09″

1 189~1 20313~220.03~0.130~80以一年生草本植物为主,优势物种为荩草(Arthraxon hispidus)、狗尾草(Seta-ria viridis)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)等,平均高度20~60 cm碳输入以浅根系易分解枯落物为主,地上生物量约0.3~0.6 kg/m²
撂荒10 a106°38′31″~106°38′35″

26°28′08″~

26°28′22″

1 179~1 20514~230.2~0.530~80以多年生草本植物为主,主要有白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、五节芒(Miscan-thus floridulus)等,平均高度80~100 cm地下根系密度增大,枯落物量增加,地上生物量约1.0~1.8 kg/m²
撂荒15 a106°37′41″~106°37′45″

26°26′54″~

26°26′56″

1 185~1 19614~210.5~3.030~80以灌木和多年生草本植物为主,主要有火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)、小果蔷薇(Rosa cymosa)、金佛山荚蒾(Vibur-num chinshanense)、白茅(Imperata cy-lindrica)、五节芒(Miscanthus floridu-lus)等,平均高度1.0~2.5 m,根系深,多为难分解枯落物,地上生物量约2.5~4.0 kg/m²
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西南喀斯特耕地撂荒土壤有机碳组分变化及其稳定性特征
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彭绘丹 1, 2 , 戴全厚 1, 2 , 易兴松 3 , 田力 1, 2 , 李华梅 1, 2
水土保持学报 | “石漠化防治与生态修复”专栏 2026,40(4): 78-86
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水土保持学报 |“石漠化防治与生态修复”专栏 2026 , 40 (4) : 78 -86
西南喀斯特耕地撂荒土壤有机碳组分变化及其稳定性特征
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彭绘丹1, 2 , 戴全厚1, 2 , 易兴松3, 田力1, 2, 李华梅1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.贵州大学林学院,贵阳 550025
  • 2.贵州大学土壤侵蚀与生态修复研究中心,贵阳 550025
  • 3.安顺学院旅游生态与环境学院,贵州 安顺 561000
通讯作者:
戴全厚(1969—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事喀斯特水力侵蚀与生态修复重建研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

彭绘丹(2001—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事喀斯特土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:

Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stability Characteristics of Abandoned Farmland in Southwest Karst Regions
Huidan Peng1, 2 , Quanhou Dai1, 2 , Xingsong Yi3, Li Tian1, 2, Huamei Li1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China
  • 2.Research Center of Soil Erosion and;Ecological Restoration,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China
  • 3.School of Tourism,Ecology,and Environment,Anshun University,Anshun,Guizhou 561000,China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.041
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目的 为探究喀斯特耕地撂荒土壤有机碳变化规律并辨析碳库由数量扩张向结构稳固转化的阈值。 方法 以贵州典型喀斯特撂荒耕地为研究对象,采用时空替代法,分析耕地(CK)及演替序列(5、10、15 a)土层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳(SOC)及其组分(易氧化有机碳EOC、颗粒有机碳POC、轻组有机碳LFOC、重组有机碳HFOC)的含量分异,利用碳库管理指数(CPMI)及重组组分占比(HFOC/SOC)评价碳库稳定性。 结果 1)撂荒15 a时0~10 cm土层SOC含量较CK显著增长70.1%,积累主要集中在前10 a。2)EOC与POC随撂荒年限呈倒“U”形波动并于10 a达峰,0~10 cm土层分别较CK增长91.5%和107.1%;HFOC呈极显著持续线性增长(R2>0.9)贡献率稳居88%~90%。3)撂荒10 a是碳库由活性驱动的量增阶段转向稳定驱动的质稳阶段的关键功能转型阈值,此点CPMI达峰后回落,稳定性比值回升。4)碳库重塑呈浅层先转型、深层滞后的垂直分异规律,0~10 cm土层对演替驱动的敏感度及稳定性提升速度显著优于10~20 cm土层。RDA第1轴解释率达57.27%,撂荒年限是驱动组分变化的主导因子。 结论 10 a是喀斯特碳库功能重塑的关键拐点,植被恢复促使碳库由活性积累转向化学固持。该发现强调评估应关注表层碳库转型,利用高钙生境增强矿物保护韧性,提升固碳能力。

喀斯特地区  /  耕地撂荒  /  土壤有机碳组分  /  撂荒演替阈值  /  碳库稳定性

Objective This study aims to investigate the evolution patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) in abandoned farmland of karst areas and identify the transition threshold of carbon pool from quantitative expansion to structural stabilization. Methods A typical abandoned farmland of karst areas in Guizhou was selected as the research subject. A space-for-time substitution method was adopted to analyze the differences in SOC content and its fractions, including easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), in the 0~20 cm soil layer across farmland (CK) and succession sequences (5, 10, and 15 a of abandonment). The carbon pool management index (CPMI) and the HFOC/SOC ratio were used to evaluate carbon pool stability. Results 1) After 15 a of abandonment, SOC content in the 0~10 cm soil layer increased by 70.1% compared with CK, with accumulation mainly occurring in the first 10 a. 2) EOC and POC showed an inverted "U"-shaped pattern with increasing abandonment years and peaked at 10 a, increasing by 91.5% and 107.1%, respectively, in the 0~10 cm soil layer compared with CK. HFOC showed a highly significant continuous linear increase (R²>0.9), with its contribution remaining at 88%~90%. 3) The 10 a of abandonment was the threshold for carbon pool functional transition from an activity-driven quantity increase stage to a stability-driven quality stabilization stage, at which CPMI peaked and then declined, while the stability ratio increased. 4) Carbon pool remodeling showed a vertical differentiation pattern with earlier transformation in the surface layer and a lagged response in deeper layers. The 0~10 cm soil layer exhibited significantly higher sensitivity to succession and faster stability improvement than the 10~20 cm soil layer. The first axis of redundancy analysis (RDA) explained 57.27% of the variations, and abandonment years were the dominant factor driving changes in carbon fractions. Conclusion 10 a is the key turning point for carbon pool functional remodeling in karst areas, and vegetation restoration promotes the transition from active accumulation to chemical stabilization. This finding emphasizes the importance of focusing on carbon pool transformation in surface soils and enhancing carbon sequestration capacity by utilizing strong mineral protection in calcium-rich habitats.

karst regions  /  farmland abandonment  /  soil organic carbon fractions  /  succession threshold for abandoned farmland  /  carbon pool stability
彭绘丹, 戴全厚, 易兴松, 田力, 李华梅. 西南喀斯特耕地撂荒土壤有机碳组分变化及其稳定性特征. 水土保持学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 78 -86 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.041
Huidan Peng, Quanhou Dai, Xingsong Yi, Li Tian, Huamei Li. Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stability Characteristics of Abandoned Farmland in Southwest Karst Regions[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026 , 40 (4) : 78 -86 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.041
土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon, SOC)作为陆地生态系统最大的碳库,其微小变动对全球碳平衡及气候调节具有深远影响[1]。在我国“碳达峰,碳中和”目标与石漠化治理双重背景下,如何通过生态修复手段增强土壤固碳能力已成为生态学、土壤学及环境科学领域的研究热点[2]。西南喀斯特地区作为世界三大喀斯特集中连片分布区之一,受碳酸盐岩发育背景影响,生境异质性高,普遍存在土层浅薄且不连续、基岩裸露率高及土壤保水保肥能力差等生态问题,使其对土地利用方式的变化及人为干扰表现出极高的敏感性与脆弱性[3]。近年来,随着我国农村社会经济结构的转型及劳动力转移,大量喀斯特坡耕地因产出效率低下而被迫撂荒。从剧烈人为干扰向自然恢复的转变,不仅改变土壤碳的输入源,更通过植被群落的更替深刻驱动土壤碳库组分的重塑及其稳定性特征的转变[4],也为研究土壤碳库重塑与生态系统功能的自我修复提供天然的试验场[5-6]。农业撂荒被公认为全球最重要的陆地碳汇途径之一,历史开垦已造成约116 Pg土壤有机碳损失,自然恢复可有效逆转该过程[7]。Qin等[8]研究表明,撂荒显著促进土壤团聚体稳定性及其结合态有机碳的积累,是长期固碳的关键机制。土壤有机碳并非性质单一的同质体,而是由性质差异显著、周转速率不同的多个组分构成的复杂集合体。土地利用变化驱动的土壤固碳效应不仅体现在碳总量的增加上,更本质地体现在不同组分的动态配比上[9]。前人[10-11]研究表明,易氧化有机碳(easily oxidizable organic carbon, EOC)、颗粒有机碳(particulate organic carbon, POC)、轻组有机碳(light fraction organic carbon, LFOC)等活性组分,因其物理形态多为未分解或半分解的植物残体,对土地利用变化的响应较总有机碳更为灵敏,可作为土壤碳库早期变化的指示指标;而重组有机碳(heavy fraction organic carbon, HFOC)因其抗分解特性,成为长期碳固存的核心组分。目前,多项研究[7-8]证实,人工造林或单一演替阶段在提升总碳储量方面的积极作用,但是,在耕地撂荒这种自然演替模式下,碳库的演化过程仍存在诸多不确定性。特别是碳库何时由数量的快速扩张转向结构的稳固提升,目前尚缺乏系统的定量阈值识别。时间阈值的判定,对于科学评估石漠化治理的长期生态效益至关重要。此外,由于物理形态与生物来源的差异,不同活性组分对演替的响应可能存在非同步反馈[12],Feng等[13]将其视为协同演化的整体,忽略演替后期组分间的消长规律;申佳龙等[14]研究认为,喀斯特土壤具有显著的垂直生境异质性,且不同深度土层在碳积累效率上存在分异。随着撂荒演替由农作物向灌草丛转变,地表凋落物输入与地下根系分布模式的改变,使得不同深度土层碳库的积累效率与稳定性特征产生显著分异[15]。表层土壤直接承接枯枝落叶的输入,其碳组分变化速度较快;而深层土壤碳库则更多受到根系分泌物及淋溶作用的影响,具有更高的环境韧性[16]。在喀斯特高钙生境下,Ca²⁺与有机碳络合是碳稳定的关键机制,不同土层固碳路径与主控因子存在显著分异[13]。因此,系统研究喀斯特撂荒地不同土层有机碳组分的动态,不仅是科学评估区域固碳潜力的需要,更是揭示脆弱生境下碳循环内在机制的必然要求。
基于此,本研究选取贵州省贵阳市花溪区石板镇典型喀斯特撂荒耕地为研究对象。花溪区作为典型的喀斯特丘陵地貌区,其坡耕地撂荒后的演替序列完整,具有较强的代表性。本研究采用时空替代法,选取耕地(CK)与撂荒样地(5、10、15 a)4个演替阶段建立完整演替序列,综合运用密度分级与物理分级方法,分析SOC及其各组分的时空变化特征。旨在阐明撂荒过程中SOC及各组分的时空演变规律、识别碳库结构优化与功能转型的关键时间阈值、辨析不同活性碳组分响应演替的非同步特征、揭示喀斯特高钙生境下驱动碳库稳定性提升的主导解释因子。本研究成果将为西南喀斯特地区生态系统碳汇精准评价及石漠化综合治理模式的优化提供科学参考。
研究区位于贵州省贵阳市花溪区石板镇(26°11′~26°34′N,106°27′~106°52′E)。该区属亚热带湿润季风气候,年平均气温15.6 ℃,年平均降水量1 450.8 mm。由于石灰岩地貌发育,地表渗漏严重,水分利用效率受降水季节性波动影响显著,降水主要集中在5—9月。研究区海拔为999~1 656 m。地貌类型为典型喀斯特丘陵地貌,山体坡度较大(图1)。土壤母质主要为三叠纪碳酸盐岩风化形成的石灰土,质地黏重,钙、镁、钾等养分元素丰富,但土层分布极不均匀,受基岩裸露影响呈零星斑块状分布。
本研究于2023年7月,在研究区内采用时空替代法,选取立地条件相似、坡度坡向基本一致的耕地(CK)及撂荒5、10、15 a的样地作为研究对象,通过对当地农户的访谈记录及航拍影像对比,精确核实各样地的撂荒起始年份,以最大限度地排除空间异质性对时间序列的干扰,旨在系统模拟喀斯特受损生境自修复过程中土壤碳库的阶段性演替特征。该区域长期面临因高强度开垦导致的石漠化风险。自21世纪初以来,随着农村劳动力的大量迁出,大量边远坡耕地逐渐被弃耕撂荒,进入自然恢复状态。样地的植被演替遵循一年生草本、多年生草本至灌草丛的自然轨迹。每种样地设置3个重复样方(2 m×2 m),样方间距>10 m,以排除边缘效应及样方间干扰。样地基本信息见表1。
根据喀斯特地区土层浅薄及有机碳明显的表聚特征,本研究选取响应最为敏感的土壤土层(0~20 cm),并细分为0~10、10~20 cm 2个土层进行采集。在上述各样方内,采用五点采样法采集原状土样。去除土壤中的石块、根系及植物残体后,将同一样方同一土层的土壤混合均匀作为1个分析样,每个采样点重复3次。各个样地分别获得6份土壤样品,共获24份土样,运回实验室自然风干后剔除石砾和植物残根,过2 mm筛备用,用于土壤有机碳及其各功能组分的测定。
土壤有机碳(SOC)采用重铬酸钾外加热法,具体操作参考《土壤农化分析》[17];活性有机碳用易氧化有机碳(EOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)及轻组有机碳(LFOC)指征。EOC测定采用KMnO4氧化法[18]测定。POC采用六偏磷酸钠分散法[19]测定。LFOC采用NaI密度分离法[20]测定。稳定性用重组有机碳(HFOC)指征。HFOC测定方法同LFOC。由于有机碳组分测定方法不同,由密度分类法分出的HFOC与LFOC含量之和与SOC含量测定值间存在偏差,偏差率<5%,不影响整体分析结果。
重组有机碳主要受土壤矿物表面的物理化学吸附保护,周转周期长,是衡量碳库稳定性的核心指标[20]。本研究利用重组有机碳与土壤有机碳的比值(HFOC/SOC)来量化碳库稳定性,各组分占SOC的百分比用于分析碳库构成的重构。
碳库管理指数(carbon pool management index, CPMI)指土壤有机碳与对照土壤有机碳的比值乘以土壤有机碳的活度指数[18]。CPMI是评价土壤有机碳质量分数变化的系统、敏感的监测方法,能够全面、动态地反映外界因素对土壤有机碳数量及质量的影响。
CPI=SOC/SOCO
A=EOC/SOC-EOC
AI=A/AO
CPMI=CPI×AI×100
式中:CPI为碳库指数;SOC为土壤有机碳,g/kg;SOCO为CK土壤有机碳,g/kg;A为碳库活度;EOC为土壤易氧化有机碳;SOC-EOC为土壤惰性有机碳,g/kg;AI为土壤碳库活度指数;AO为CK土壤活度;CPMI为碳库管理指数。
采用SPSS 26软件对数据进行分析处理,利用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)和多重比较(least significant difference, LSD)检验不同撂荒年限间土壤碳组分含量的差异显著性。采用Pearson相关性分析探究各组分间的演化协同性。文中所有图件的绘制采用Origin Pro 2024软件,采用Canoco 5软件,以撂荒年限、枯落物厚度、植被覆盖度为环境因子进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis, RDA),旨在揭示驱动组分变异的主导动力。
耕地撂荒显著促进SOC的积累。由图2a可知,0~10、10~20 cm土层SOC含量均随撂荒年限呈显著递增趋势(p<0.05)。CK时,0~10、10~20 cm土层的SOC含量处于较低水平,2个土层间未表现出显著差异;但随着撂荒年限的增加,土壤有机碳表现出明显的表层富集效应。在0~10 cm土层,SOC含量在撂荒15 a时达到峰值48.09 g/kg,较CK显著提升70.1%;10~20 cm土层亦表现出类似的增长规律,但其在撂荒15 a时的最终增幅为57.7%,明显滞后于0~10 cm土层。垂直分异表明,撂荒后碳积累主要依赖地表凋落物输入,对0~10 cm土层的影响强于10~20 cm。SOC含量的快速增长主要集中在撂荒10 a前,而撂荒10 a与撂荒15 a的SOC含量差异未达到显著水平,表明随着植被群落由草本向灌草丛演替,土壤碳库的积累速率在演替后期逐渐趋于平稳。采用HFOC/SOC与碳库管理指数(CPMI)双指标综合评价土壤碳库稳定性(图2b、图2c)。随着撂荒年限的增加,CPMI呈现出明显的阶段性波动特征。在撂荒初期至10 a期间,CPMI快速上升,至撂荒10 a时达到全序列峰值,显著高于CK及其他撂荒阶段(p<0.05)。表明在此阶段土壤有机碳含量与活性同步提升,碳库质量得到显著改善。撂荒10 a后CPMI出现显著回落,与HFOC/SOC回升趋势相匹配,说明CPMI的下降并非意味着碳库退化,而是表征碳库重心从高周转的活性库向长周转的矿质结合稳态库的实质性重塑。因此,撂荒10 a构成活性组分积累与碳库质量提升的演替拐点,可视为碳库从数量扩张向稳定性提升转型的关键阈值。0~10 cm土层的CPMI波动振幅显著大于10~20 cm土层,进一步证实0~10 cm土层对演替驱动下碳库质量变化的响应具有更高的敏感度。
由图3可知,土壤活性有机碳组分(EOC、POC、LFOC)对撂荒的响应在时序演变与变幅上表现出显著的非同步性。波动性最强的EOC、POC均在10 a时达到峰值,其演变轨迹呈现出明显的倒“U”形变化特征。在撂荒5 a前,2个土层的EOC与POC含量不仅未见显著上升,甚至在局部出现微弱下探趋势;但当撂荒推进至10 a时,在0~10 cm土层的EOC与POC含量分别达6.32、6.71 g/kg,较CK时的3.30、3.24 g/kg分别显著增长91.5%和107.1%(p<0.05);而在10~20 cm土层,相同年限下的增幅则分别较0~10 cm土层低15.2%和18.4%。当撂荒进行到15 a时,群落向木本植物更替导致易分解枯落物输入锐减,EOC和POC的含量出现回落,其含量与撂荒10 a时相比存在显著差异,且回落后的水平与撂荒5 a时相近。该变化与垂直衰减特性,揭示活性碳库高度依赖于植被瞬时初级生产力的输入,且0~10 cm层土壤作为响应第一界面,其对植被群落演替的响应更为敏感。与EOC和POC的显著回落不同,LFOC在撂荒15 a时展现出更强的积累韧性与稳态维持能力。LFOC含量从CK起便呈现出阶梯式的稳步提升。0~10 cm土层LFOC在撂荒10 a与撂荒15 a的实测值分别为5.14、5.16 g/kg,2个阶段的含量差异未达到显著水平,维持在平稳状态。表明在喀斯特撂荒中后期,LFOC的积累并未随草本凋落物输入的减少而迅速调整,而是展现出向稳定碳库转型的过渡特征。
由图4可知,与活性组分随撂荒年限呈现的波动特征不同,HFOC在2个土层中均表现出极显著的线性持续积累(R²>0.9,p<0.01)。0~10、10~20 cm土层HFOC的线性回归斜率分别为1.20、0.85。0~10 cm层积累速率为10~20 cm层的1.41倍,直观地量化0~10 cm土层土壤在矿质结合态碳库扩容过程中的主导优势。在撂荒10~15 a活性组分回落期间,HFOC含量仍随年限稳步积累。无论演替处于哪个阶段,HFOC对SOC的质量贡献率始终维持在88%~90%的高位区间。尽管0~10 cm土层HFOC的绝对持有量显著高于10~20 cm土层,但其变异幅度<2%,在各自土层总有机碳库分配比例中表现出高度的同质化特征。
相关分析(图5)显示,SOC与EOC、POC、LFOC均呈显著正相关(p<0.05),与HFOC呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),相关系数为0.60~0.97。其中,SOC与HFOC的拟合程度较高(R2=0.97),定量证实稳定组分在驱动喀斯特碳库增长中的主导贡献。EOC、POC、LFOC等活性组分间显著的正相关关系表明,随着撂荒年限增加,地上植物生物量的输入与地下根系对活性碳库各部分的补充具有高度的协同性。
冗余分析(RDA)进一步揭示各环境因子对组分异质性的影响(图6)。结果显示,RDA前2轴共解释碳组分变异的66.74%,其中第1轴RDA1解释率高达57.27%,表征撂荒年限、枯落物厚度与植被覆盖度的协同驱动效应。撂荒年限为第1主导因子,枯落物厚度与植被覆盖度沿第1轴呈显著正向关联,三者共同驱动土壤碳组分沿演替梯度有序分异。样本点随撂荒年限增加由左至右迁移,0~10 cm土层样点沿第1轴的向量投射范围显著宽于10~20 cm土层,表明0~10 cm土层碳库对植被演替驱动的响应更为强烈,且具有更高的时空变异性。
西南喀斯特地区作为我国典型的生态脆弱区,其耕地撂荒后的土壤有机碳固存过程是评价该区石漠化治理与生态自我修复能力的关键指标。本研究通过对演替序列的对比分析发现,耕地撂荒显著驱动SOC及其组分的积累,且其组分演化呈现出明显的阶段性与非同步性特征。撂荒15 a时SOC含量达到峰值,较CK显著增长70%以上,该显著的增益效应印证了喀斯特受损生境在人为干扰停止后,通过自然演替具有极强的碳库修复潜力[21]。撂荒0~10 a,植被以一年生或多年生草本为主,凋落物易分解、养分周转快,土壤微生物以r-对策者占优,侧重利用易降解底物驱动EOC、POC快速累积,表现为碳库数量扩张。撂荒10 a后,灌木侵入,凋落物中木质素、多酚等难分解组分增加,底物可利用性下降,诱导微生物群落向K-对策者转变[22-24],K-对策者虽然生长速率较低,但具有更高的底物利用效率,更倾向于将有机碳转化为矿质结合态稳定组分[25]。本研究结果表明,撂荒10 a后EOC、POC回落、HFOC持续线性累积、HFOC/SOC比值回升,与上述机制吻合。10 a演替拐点的出现,标志着系统跨越从数量扩张向结构固稳演化的功能转型阈值,该转变在生物学机制上对应着微生物群落由r-对策向K-对策的演替。同时,RDA结果进一步证实,枯落物厚度在撂荒10 a显著增加为土壤提供大量易分解底物,是驱动EOC、POC在此时达到峰值的直接原因,与活性组分倒“U”形变化规律高度吻合。尽管EOC与POC随灌木侵入导致的群落结构调整而显著回落,但LFOC却维持稳态。与非喀斯特土壤活性组分不同的内部非同步响应[26],表明随着演替进入灌木阶段,喀斯特地区碳库不再单纯依赖根系分泌物等瞬时输入,而是转向木质化程度更高、分解速率较慢的残体输入来维持库容的持续性[24]。此分异凸显喀斯特高钙生境在调节有机碳化学稳定性中的独特性。在本研究区的高钙生境下,活性碳库的波动更可能揭示碳在物理和化学保护库间的重新分配与转化,而非总碳库的净流失。
本研究结果显示,HFOC含量对总碳库始终维持在88%以上的高比例贡献,是驱动SOC总量增长的核心组分。其稳定性随植被恢复而增强的演化趋势,也与在不同生态系统中观察到的规律具有一致性[27]。在西南喀斯特地区,植被恢复驱动的土壤有机碳积累,本质上是土壤团聚体物理保护、高钙环境下的化学固定及微生物过程三者协同作用的结果[28]。本研究未测定土壤交换性Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺含量、pH及矿物组成等指标,因此,不对钙键合与矿物保护机制做直接证实。但从结果来看,HFOC随撂荒年限呈极显著线性增长(R2>0.9),且对总有机碳的高贡献率,该特征与西南喀斯特石灰土普遍存在的高钙背景、矿物结合态碳占绝对优势的区域规律高度吻合[24]。已有研究[29]证实,Ca2+、Mg2+等离子可通过阳离子桥接作用将有机大分子与黏土矿物紧密结合,形成稳定性强、周转缓慢的有机-无机复合体,是该区域土壤具有较强有机碳固持能力的重要机制。撂荒10~15 a期间,尽管EOC、POC的输入速率放缓,但前期积累的微生物残体通过与矿物基质结合,转化为更具抗降解性的稳定组分,解释了HFOC在活性碳波动时仍保持极显著线性增长的原因。在稳定性评价上,本研究发现,HFOC/SOC比值在撂荒10 a时出现转折,随后显著回升,与部分学者[30-31]恢复初期稳定性即稳步提升的推测不同。表明喀斯特地区在撂荒前10 a以活性碳积累为主,10 a后才真正转向质量提升阶段。SOC与各组分极高的相关性进一步支持前人[24]在西南地区观测到的组分间协同累积的特征,意味着碳库增长并非孤立组分的增加,而是整个碳库系统的结构优化与功能提升。碳库10 a转型阈值存在明显的垂直分异特征,即该阈值主要适用于0~10 cm土层土壤,10~20 cm土层土壤对演替驱动的响应表现出明显的滞后性。浅层先转型、深层后滞后的规律,是喀斯特生境独特性与碳输入差异共同作用的结果[29]。有研究[15]证实,表层土壤直接承接凋落物输入,对植被演替的响应最为直接;而深层土壤碳输入主要依赖根系周转与表层碳淋溶,存在时间延迟。喀斯特地区土层浅薄、10~20 cm土层接近基岩,碳输入通量有限,导致其碳库转型需要更长的演替时间。RDA分析进一步证实,0~10 cm土壤作为凋落物、土壤与微生物交互最剧烈的界面,是承载碳固存效应的核心响应层位,也解释了为何表层碳库转型早于深层[12,15,32]。结合喀斯特区地表漏水漏肥严重的生境特点[33-34],演替后期以稳定组分为绝对主导的深层化学固存机制,使其在面对喀斯特频繁的干湿交替及地表冲刷时,具有更强的固碳韧性。稳定组分的持续固存不仅抵消活性组分波动带来的潜在风险,更是评价石漠化治理长期生态效益的核心指标[35]。需说明的是,本研究基于空间替代法开展分析,其有效性依赖于各样地初始立地条件一致的假设。尽管本研究严格筛选地形、土壤类型、耕作历史一致的样地,但仍无法完全消除初始差异的影响。未来需通过长期定位监测,对本研究识别的撂荒10 a碳库转型阈值进行持续验证,进一步完善喀斯特撂荒地固碳机制的认知。
1)耕地撂荒显著驱动喀斯特土壤有机碳的积累与修复。研究识别出撂荒10 a为碳库功能的转型阈值,标志着土壤碳固存过程由活性组分主导的数量扩张阶段跨越进入稳定组分主导的结构优化阶段。
2)EOC与POC随年限呈显著的倒“U”形波动,而LFOC在撂荒10~15 a维持稳态。活性组分内部的分异,证明随着群落向灌木演替,碳输入源逐渐由易分解的根系分泌物向难分解的木质残体过渡的演化逻辑。
3)HFOC随年限表现出极显著的持续线性增长(R2>0.9),其对总碳库的贡献率始终维持在88%以上。喀斯特高钙生境下,推测以有机-无机复合体为核心的强化学固碳机制可能是该区维持高碳汇韧性的关键驱动力。
4)冗余分析显示,撂荒年限是驱动组分演化的首要主导因子,第1轴解释率达57.27%。且0~10 cm土层的碳修复敏感度及稳定性提升幅度显著优于10~20 cm土层,呈现出浅层先转型、深层滞后的垂直分异规律。因此,本研究所识别的撂荒10 a阈值主要适用于0~10 cm土层土壤,10~20 cm土层碳库的稳定性转型可能需要更长的演替时间。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42467045)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42577379)
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.041
  • 接收时间:2026-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-05
  • 修回日期:2026-04-09
  • 录用日期:2026-04-20
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42467045)
国家自然科学基金项目(42577379)
作者信息
    1.贵州大学林学院,贵阳 550025
    2.贵州大学土壤侵蚀与生态修复研究中心,贵阳 550025
    3.安顺学院旅游生态与环境学院,贵州 安顺 561000

通讯作者:

戴全厚(1969—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事喀斯特水力侵蚀与生态修复重建研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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