Article(id=1312009647679168536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=1769702400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-30, acceptedDate=1772035200000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-26, onlineDate=1790737075967, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790737075967, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790737075967, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790737075967, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312009474789958403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790737034746, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739471092, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=87, endPage=96, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312009648018907161, articleId=1312009647679168536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=EN, title=Effects of Root Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Fibrous/Tap-Rooted Herbaceous Plants During the Growing Season, columnId=1312009477243626245, journalTitle=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study aims to explore the root morphological characteristics, mechanical properties, and their relationships in herbaceous plants at different growth stages. Methods Root samples of Setaria viridis (fibrous root system) and Medicago sativa (tap root system) grown on purple soil slope land for 60, 90, 120, and 150 days were collected for root morphology scanning, single-root tensile tests, and whole-plant pull-out tests. Results 1) As growth time increased, the tensile and pull-out strength of the aforementioned herbaceous plants increased initially and then decreased. At the same growth time, the tensile and pull-out strengths of the fibrous root system were 1.21-2.89 times and 5.34-6.01 times greater than those of the tap root system, respectively. 2) The tensile strength showed a power function relationship with root diameter, and the pull-out strength showed a power function relationship with the diameter at the pull-out position. As growth time increased, the absolute values of the exponents in the function equation of the tensile strength showed an increasing trend. For the pull-out strength, the fibrous root system showed an increasing trend, while the tap root system showed a decreasing trend. 3) Random forest analysis showed that with the increase of growth time, the main influencing factors of tensile and pull-out strength of the fibrous root system changed from multiple root morphological indicators to a single indicator (root diameter), while the tap root system showed the opposite trend. Conclusion The research findings provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization and scientific evaluation of biological measures in soil and water loss control in purple soil regions.

, authors=Xiaohua Chen, Yan Wei, Yun Chen, Guangpei Wang, Weihao Ning, Na Ou, Xinru Zhang, authorsList=Xiaohua Chen, Yan Wei, Yun Chen, Guangpei Wang, Weihao Ning, Na Ou, Xinru Zhang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yun Chen, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312009649600159778, articleId=1312009647679168536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=CN, title=生长季内须/直根系草本植物根系形态对其力学特性的影响, columnId=1312009477407204103, journalTitle=水土保持学报, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 为探究草本植物在各生育阶段的根系形态特征、力学特性及二者间的关系。 方法 对在紫色土坡地生长60、90、120、150 d的狗尾草(须根系)和紫花苜蓿(直根系)取样进行根系形态扫描、单根抗拉和整株拉拔试验。 结果 1)随生长时间增加,上述草类根系的抗拉、抗拔强度均先增后减,同一生长时间须根系的抗拉/拔强度分别为直根系的1.21~2.89、5.34~6.01倍。2)根系的抗拉强度与根径、抗拔强度与拉拔处直径均呈幂函数关系,随生长时间增加前者的函数方程式指数绝对值均呈增大趋势,后者的则表现为须根系呈增大而直根系呈减小趋势。3)随机森林分析表明,随生长时间增加,须根系抗拉、抗拔强度的主要影响因素由多个根系形态指标转变为单一指标(根径),直根系则相反。 结论 研究结果可为紫色土区水土流失治理中生物措施高效利用和科学评价提供理论依据。

, authors=陈晓华, 魏艳, 谌芸, 王光沛, 宁伟豪, 欧娜, 张欣如, authorsList=陈晓华, 魏艳, 谌芸, 王光沛, 宁伟豪, 欧娜, 张欣如, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=谌芸, authorNote=

陈晓华(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持生态修复研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
谌芸(1981—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:
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Experimental study on root-soil friction mechanical of Caragana korshinskii Kom. mechanism in loess area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(10):198-205., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1312009657070215267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, awardId=CSTB2024TIAD-GPX0045, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(CSTB2024TIAD-GPX0045), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1312009657170878564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, awardId=CQSLK-2024016, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市水利科技项目(CQSLK-2024016), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1312009657237987429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, awardId=CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0075, language=CN, fundingSource=重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合资助项目(CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0075), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1312009657296707686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, awardId=X202510635724, language=CN, fundingSource=西南大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202510635724), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1312009657359622247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, awardId=SWUS25117, language=CN, fundingSource=西南大学研究生科研创新项目(SWUS25117), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1312009651420487715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009651428876324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, companyId=1312009651420487715, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Resources and Environment,Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation andResearch Station,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation andEcological Restoration,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009651437264933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, companyId=1312009651420487715, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=西南大学资源环境学院,重庆金佛山喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,水土保持生态修复重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400715)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1312009655719649363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Variation trends of single-root tensile strength and ultimate elongation with root diameter, figureFileSmall=eSTyG4gY53aG2rbrz0edrA==, figureFileBig=jctJ0a2oewnpLv5uN18WIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009655811924052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=图1, caption=单根抗拉强度和极限延伸率随根径的变化趋势

注:图中*表示p<0.05。下同。

, figureFileSmall=eSTyG4gY53aG2rbrz0edrA==, figureFileBig=jctJ0a2oewnpLv5uN18WIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009656004862037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Variation trends of whole-plant pull-out strength with diameter at pull-out position, figureFileSmall=91uQQJPwzQHtjIWfJsnB0A==, figureFileBig=nei7nGQmWMrBi0p6whTi+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009656076165206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=图2, caption=整株抗拔强度随拉拔处直径的变化趋势, figureFileSmall=91uQQJPwzQHtjIWfJsnB0A==, figureFileBig=nei7nGQmWMrBi0p6whTi+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009656151662679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Scanning images of Medicago sativa and Setaria viridis root systems at different growth times, figureFileSmall=XMRScpjzXfJG30K5Z38zag==, figureFileBig=xFLgK2hmrOz/Jm4ooxseLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009656210382936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同生长时间的紫花苜蓿和狗尾草根系扫描图, figureFileSmall=XMRScpjzXfJG30K5Z38zag==, figureFileBig=xFLgK2hmrOz/Jm4ooxseLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009656290074713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Dynamic variations and differences in root system indicators of Medicago sativa and Setaria viridis, figureFileSmall=Akt1Gljcyq48p2jL3xScSA==, figureFileBig=jSsM+kWo/vggwd6vDmANiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009656352989274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=图4, caption=紫花苜蓿和狗尾草的根系指标动态变化及差异

注:不同小写字母表示同一植物在不同生长时间的差异显著(p<0. 05);不同大写字母表示同一生长时间下不同植物差异显著(p<0.05)。下同。

, figureFileSmall=Akt1Gljcyq48p2jL3xScSA==, figureFileBig=jSsM+kWo/vggwd6vDmANiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009656441069659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Dynamic variations in single-root tensile strength and ultimate elongation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

植物

种类

生长时间/d抗拉强度/MPa极限延伸率/%n

紫花

苜蓿

6035.02±20.25Ba9.44±5.46Bb45
9034.82±16.84Ba11.41±5.36Bab51
12036.31±28.60Ba10.38±4.20Bab50
15016.38±12.09Bb12.34±4.55Aa34
狗尾草6042.22±12.76Ab17.89±5.92Aa42
9055.81±11.76Aa13.88±4.33Ab41
12059.48±20.00Aa13.59±4.78Ab36
15047.42±18.77Ab13.56±4.05Ab37
), ArticleFig(id=1312009656520761436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

单根抗拉强度与极限延伸率动态变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

植物

种类

生长时间/d抗拉强度/MPa极限延伸率/%n

紫花

苜蓿

6035.02±20.25Ba9.44±5.46Bb45
9034.82±16.84Ba11.41±5.36Bab51
12036.31±28.60Ba10.38±4.20Bab50
15016.38±12.09Bb12.34±4.55Aa34
狗尾草6042.22±12.76Ab17.89±5.92Aa42
9055.81±11.76Aa13.88±4.33Ab41
12059.48±20.00Aa13.59±4.78Ab36
15047.42±18.77Ab13.56±4.05Ab37
), ArticleFig(id=1312009656596258909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Dynamic variations in whole-plant pull out strength and fracture length

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

植物

种类

生长时间/d抗拔强度/MPa断裂长度/cmn

紫花

苜蓿

608.63±3.54Bab6.43±3.51Ad43
9012.48±12.82Ba12.88±5.71Ab30
1209.00±7.79Bab9.99±3.75Ac33
1505.63±2.41Bb15.58±5.17Aa27
狗尾草6046.06±35.46Ab7.37±3.21Ac33
9070.89±51.33Aa10.93±5.59Aab32
12050.04±19.15Ab8.57±3.37Abc26
15033.86±17.17Ab12.97±6.19Aa34
), ArticleFig(id=1312009656671756382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

整株抗拔强度与断裂长度动态变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

植物

种类

生长时间/d抗拔强度/MPa断裂长度/cmn

紫花

苜蓿

608.63±3.54Bab6.43±3.51Ad43
9012.48±12.82Ba12.88±5.71Ab30
1209.00±7.79Bab9.99±3.75Ac33
1505.63±2.41Bb15.58±5.17Aa27
狗尾草6046.06±35.46Ab7.37±3.21Ac33
9070.89±51.33Aa10.93±5.59Aab32
12050.04±19.15Ab8.57±3.37Abc26
15033.86±17.17Ab12.97±6.19Aa34
), ArticleFig(id=1312009656747253855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Correlation analysis results of root morphology and tensile/pull-out strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物种类指标生长时间/d根长根表面积平均根径根体积根尖数根分枝数

狗尾草和

紫花苜蓿

抗拔强度600.731**0.576**-0.911**0.0890.722**0.751**
900.686**0.610**-0.955**0.495*0.737**0.660**
1200.890**0.626**-0.973**0.535*0.849**0.867**
1500.890**0.837**-0.884**0.756**0.895**0.876**
抗拉强度600.2690.125-0.716**-0.2890.2190.318
900.702**0.622**-0.955**0.516*0.754**0.655**
1200.844**0.615**-0.930**0.540**0.808**0.825**
1500.926**0.889**-0.918**0.814**0.935**0.900**
紫花苜蓿抗拔强度60-0.118-0.264-0.718*-0.373-0.055-0.046
900.173-0.364-0.773**-0.627*0.1180.082
1200.436-0.418-0.964**-0.845**0.3050.327
1500.665*0.538-0.717*0.1820.610*0.692*
抗拉强度60-0.555-0.491-0.382-0.445-0.702*-0.492
90-0.200-0.755**-0.955**-0.927**-0.036-0.292
1200.027-0.564-0.682*-0.764**-0.050-0.064
1500.779**0.743**-0.831**0.4050.788**0.770**
狗尾草抗拔强度600.067-0.383-0.667*-0.483-0.1500.150
90-0.700*-0.773**-0.891**-0.784**-0.236-0.818**
1200.682*-0.591-0.955**-0.900**0.4820.600
1500.3810.071-0.905**-0.2380.5480.048
抗拉强度60-0.267-0.850**-0.833**-0.817**-0.450-0.200
90-0.200-0.291-0.727*-0.3100.055-0.491
1200.718*-0.536-0.991**-0.936**0.5000.655*
1500.5710.190-0.976**-0.1190.6190.119
), ArticleFig(id=1312009656831139936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

根系形态与抗拉、抗拔强度相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物种类指标生长时间/d根长根表面积平均根径根体积根尖数根分枝数

狗尾草和

紫花苜蓿

抗拔强度600.731**0.576**-0.911**0.0890.722**0.751**
900.686**0.610**-0.955**0.495*0.737**0.660**
1200.890**0.626**-0.973**0.535*0.849**0.867**
1500.890**0.837**-0.884**0.756**0.895**0.876**
抗拉强度600.2690.125-0.716**-0.2890.2190.318
900.702**0.622**-0.955**0.516*0.754**0.655**
1200.844**0.615**-0.930**0.540**0.808**0.825**
1500.926**0.889**-0.918**0.814**0.935**0.900**
紫花苜蓿抗拔强度60-0.118-0.264-0.718*-0.373-0.055-0.046
900.173-0.364-0.773**-0.627*0.1180.082
1200.436-0.418-0.964**-0.845**0.3050.327
1500.665*0.538-0.717*0.1820.610*0.692*
抗拉强度60-0.555-0.491-0.382-0.445-0.702*-0.492
90-0.200-0.755**-0.955**-0.927**-0.036-0.292
1200.027-0.564-0.682*-0.764**-0.050-0.064
1500.779**0.743**-0.831**0.4050.788**0.770**
狗尾草抗拔强度600.067-0.383-0.667*-0.483-0.1500.150
90-0.700*-0.773**-0.891**-0.784**-0.236-0.818**
1200.682*-0.591-0.955**-0.900**0.4820.600
1500.3810.071-0.905**-0.2380.5480.048
抗拉强度60-0.267-0.850**-0.833**-0.817**-0.450-0.200
90-0.200-0.291-0.727*-0.3100.055-0.491
1200.718*-0.536-0.991**-0.936**0.5000.655*
1500.5710.190-0.976**-0.1190.6190.119
), ArticleFig(id=1312009656915026017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Variable importance of root morphology and tensile and pull-out strength based on random forest model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物种类指标生长时间/d平均方误差百分比增加量
根长根表面积平均根径根体积根尖数根分枝数

狗尾草和

紫花苜蓿

抗拔强度6017.055*8.342*10.531*6.69815.266**15.662**
9014.811**16.683**10.674*9.73311.790*14.798**
12012.932*14.328*12.212*14.940**13.454*13.753*
15013.508**14.434**4.781*12.965*13.192*14.898**
抗拉强度6012.275*7.98814.469**9.73311.17111.904*
9012.623*15.998**12.546*7.74812.993*14.413**
12013.189*13.236*13.625*13.938*13.092*13.299*
15014.085**14.056**12.301*14.544**14.540**12.465**
紫花苜蓿抗拔强度60-1.879-3.4009.452*2.1640.439-2.518
90-6.0850.8717.479*2.802-1.611-4.910
1205.0562.64212.946*12.941*2.1322.851
1505.7123.9198.381*-1.4348.266*7.442
抗拉强度601.7416.289-2.9217.812*4.966-1.008
90-2.51011.363*15.060*14.681*-4.104-3.764
120-0.1514.27911.002*10.252*-5.907-1.711
1506.7987.11710.625*-0.6319.655*9.259*
狗尾草抗拔强度60-1.401-1.6272.9620.974-3.3390.255
904.8987.471*11.725*8.214*2.0077.251*
1208.0042.49515.037*14.226*2.4672.433
150-0.503-1.68710.928*-0.0455.073-3.229
抗拉强度602.0329.696*9.131*9.463*3.6773.903
90-2.2071.89411.169*2.559-1.5666.189
1207.8291.95513.829*13.257*3.4044.312
1502.934-0.0019.166*-1.3195.615-0.421
), ArticleFig(id=1312009656982134882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009647679168536, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

基于随机森林模型的根系形态与抗拉、抗拔强度可变重要性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植物种类指标生长时间/d平均方误差百分比增加量
根长根表面积平均根径根体积根尖数根分枝数

狗尾草和

紫花苜蓿

抗拔强度6017.055*8.342*10.531*6.69815.266**15.662**
9014.811**16.683**10.674*9.73311.790*14.798**
12012.932*14.328*12.212*14.940**13.454*13.753*
15013.508**14.434**4.781*12.965*13.192*14.898**
抗拉强度6012.275*7.98814.469**9.73311.17111.904*
9012.623*15.998**12.546*7.74812.993*14.413**
12013.189*13.236*13.625*13.938*13.092*13.299*
15014.085**14.056**12.301*14.544**14.540**12.465**
紫花苜蓿抗拔强度60-1.879-3.4009.452*2.1640.439-2.518
90-6.0850.8717.479*2.802-1.611-4.910
1205.0562.64212.946*12.941*2.1322.851
1505.7123.9198.381*-1.4348.266*7.442
抗拉强度601.7416.289-2.9217.812*4.966-1.008
90-2.51011.363*15.060*14.681*-4.104-3.764
120-0.1514.27911.002*10.252*-5.907-1.711
1506.7987.11710.625*-0.6319.655*9.259*
狗尾草抗拔强度60-1.401-1.6272.9620.974-3.3390.255
904.8987.471*11.725*8.214*2.0077.251*
1208.0042.49515.037*14.226*2.4672.433
150-0.503-1.68710.928*-0.0455.073-3.229
抗拉强度602.0329.696*9.131*9.463*3.6773.903
90-2.2071.89411.169*2.559-1.5666.189
1207.8291.95513.829*13.257*3.4044.312
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生长季内须/直根系草本植物根系形态对其力学特性的影响
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陈晓华 , 魏艳 , 谌芸 , 王光沛 , 宁伟豪 , 欧娜 , 张欣如
水土保持学报 | 基础研究 2026,40(4): 87-96
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水土保持学报 |基础研究 2026 , 40 (4) : 87 -96
生长季内须/直根系草本植物根系形态对其力学特性的影响
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陈晓华 , 魏艳, 谌芸 , 王光沛, 宁伟豪, 欧娜, 张欣如
作者信息
  • 西南大学资源环境学院,重庆金佛山喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,水土保持生态修复重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400715
通讯作者:
谌芸(1981—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

陈晓华(2001—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持生态修复研究。E-mail:

Effects of Root Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Fibrous/Tap-Rooted Herbaceous Plants During the Growing Season
Xiaohua Chen , Yan Wei, Yun Chen , Guangpei Wang, Weihao Ning, Na Ou, Xinru Zhang
Affiliations
  • College of Resources and Environment,Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation andResearch Station,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation andEcological Restoration,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.001
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目的 为探究草本植物在各生育阶段的根系形态特征、力学特性及二者间的关系。 方法 对在紫色土坡地生长60、90、120、150 d的狗尾草(须根系)和紫花苜蓿(直根系)取样进行根系形态扫描、单根抗拉和整株拉拔试验。 结果 1)随生长时间增加,上述草类根系的抗拉、抗拔强度均先增后减,同一生长时间须根系的抗拉/拔强度分别为直根系的1.21~2.89、5.34~6.01倍。2)根系的抗拉强度与根径、抗拔强度与拉拔处直径均呈幂函数关系,随生长时间增加前者的函数方程式指数绝对值均呈增大趋势,后者的则表现为须根系呈增大而直根系呈减小趋势。3)随机森林分析表明,随生长时间增加,须根系抗拉、抗拔强度的主要影响因素由多个根系形态指标转变为单一指标(根径),直根系则相反。 结论 研究结果可为紫色土区水土流失治理中生物措施高效利用和科学评价提供理论依据。

根系类型  /  根系形态  /  抗拉强度  /  抗拔强度  /  根径

Objective This study aims to explore the root morphological characteristics, mechanical properties, and their relationships in herbaceous plants at different growth stages. Methods Root samples of Setaria viridis (fibrous root system) and Medicago sativa (tap root system) grown on purple soil slope land for 60, 90, 120, and 150 days were collected for root morphology scanning, single-root tensile tests, and whole-plant pull-out tests. Results 1) As growth time increased, the tensile and pull-out strength of the aforementioned herbaceous plants increased initially and then decreased. At the same growth time, the tensile and pull-out strengths of the fibrous root system were 1.21-2.89 times and 5.34-6.01 times greater than those of the tap root system, respectively. 2) The tensile strength showed a power function relationship with root diameter, and the pull-out strength showed a power function relationship with the diameter at the pull-out position. As growth time increased, the absolute values of the exponents in the function equation of the tensile strength showed an increasing trend. For the pull-out strength, the fibrous root system showed an increasing trend, while the tap root system showed a decreasing trend. 3) Random forest analysis showed that with the increase of growth time, the main influencing factors of tensile and pull-out strength of the fibrous root system changed from multiple root morphological indicators to a single indicator (root diameter), while the tap root system showed the opposite trend. Conclusion The research findings provide a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization and scientific evaluation of biological measures in soil and water loss control in purple soil regions.

root system type  /  root morphology  /  tensile strength  /  pull-out strength  /  root diameter
陈晓华, 魏艳, 谌芸, 王光沛, 宁伟豪, 欧娜, 张欣如. 生长季内须/直根系草本植物根系形态对其力学特性的影响. 水土保持学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 87 -96 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.001
Xiaohua Chen, Yan Wei, Yun Chen, Guangpei Wang, Weihao Ning, Na Ou, Xinru Zhang. Effects of Root Morphology on Mechanical Properties of Fibrous/Tap-Rooted Herbaceous Plants During the Growing Season[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026 , 40 (4) : 87 -96 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.001
植物措施是防治水土流失的长效核心手段,其凭借植物独特的生理生态特性,可有效抑制土壤侵蚀。植物根系的力学特性在侵蚀防控效应中发挥着非常重要的作用,始终是水土保持领域的研究热点[1]。紫色土壤土层浅薄且结构松散,其坡耕地更是西南地区农业氮、磷流失的主要来源[2],严重制约区域农业可持续发展。而草本植物根系生长快,周期短,能快速呈现出较好的治理效果[3]。其中,须根系能在浅层土壤中形成致密的根系网络,增强土壤固持能力,而直根系的主根则能深入岩石缝隙,有效吸收水分和养分[4]。目前,已有学者[5]围绕草本植物根系的生长特性及固土性能已开展了广泛研究发现,须根系的细根在根长密度与根表面积密度方面通常更具优势,而直根系因其主根发育优势,在根质量密度、平均直径及根体积密度等方面表现更为突出;前人[6]对不同时期草本根系研究发现,须根系的根长密度和根表面积密度均显著大于直根系,而根体积密度除演替初期外均小于直根系;在根系构型研究[7-8]中发现,须根系玉米的根分支数显著高于直根系大豆,对土体的固持能力亦优于直根系。根系形态(根长、根径、根表面积等)能直观反映植物对生长环境的适应能力,其与单根抗拉强度、整株抗拔强度等力学参数共同决定了植物在固土护坡中的实际效果;在力学性能方面,已有研究[9-10]表明,草本植物根系的化学成分、分泌物等因素显著影响其抗拉/拔性能,进而影响固土效果。不同根系构型对力学性能的影响也存在差异,具有垂直主根结构的根系,通常能通过增强根土摩擦力而表现出更强的抗拔性能[11]。此外,根径与抗拉/拔强度间存在着指数函数或幂函数关系,该关系因植物种类而异,并受到体积质量等环境因子的影响[12]。综上,已有研究[13]主要围绕根系化学成分、分泌物、构型及形态等因素展开。关于根系形态与抗拉/拔性能的研究,多局限于单一生长时期或静态特征,缺乏对草本植物在整个生长季中动态变化的系统探究,尚未明晰根系形态随生长周期的演变规律与其力学性能间的关联。狗尾草(Setaria viridis)为禾本科须根系乡土植物,具有良好的水土保持效益;紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为豆科直根系牧草,兼具较高的经济和生态效益[14-15]。二者均为水土保持林草措施的常用草种,适应力强,分布广泛。鉴于此,本研究选取狗尾草和紫花苜蓿作为研究对象,探究其在生长季内根系形态与抗拉、抗拔性能的动态变化及关联,以期为紫色土区植物措施治理中的草种筛选和效果评价提供理论依据。
研究区位于重庆市北碚区西南大学(29°49′N,106°26′E),年平均降水量1 100 mm,主要集中在5—9月,海拔230 m,年平均气温18 ℃,土壤系侏罗系沙溪庙组的砂页岩坡积、残积物母质快速风化形成的中性紫色土,体积质量为1.40 g/cm3,总孔隙度为47.35%,> 0.25 mm水稳性团聚体为66.64%,砂、粉、黏粒质量分数分别为37.75%、52.75%、9.50%,有机质为15.94 g/kg。
本研究选用狗尾草和紫花苜蓿为试验植物,采用撒播方式进行种植,撒播时种子与沙土按1∶1.5的比例进行掺混,使种子分布更为均匀,提高发芽率。上述草类的种植小区面积均为20 m2(长10 m×宽2 m)。播种时间为2023年4月,其间定期进行灌溉。其中,紫花苜蓿、狗尾草的种植密度分别设置为0.002 0、0.004 0 kg/m2。结合2种植物的生长周期,采样时间选为播种后60、90、120、150 d,共4次。
在2023年6—9月,分4个时期对植株进行采集。采用挖掘法收集狗尾草和紫花苜蓿标准株用于测定根系形态和力学参数。首先剪除地上部分植株,并清理地表,随后采集整株根系,连根带土取走。每个时期,每种植物各采集10株,4个时期共计采集80株。
在抗拔试验开始前,先剪除植物的地上部分,并使用毛刷清理剖面表层的浮土,使根系充分显露。
根系扫描后,先选取形态顺直和直径较均匀的根截取7 cm标准试样,再用游标卡尺对直径进行测量,随后用于拉伸试验。试样标距设定为50 mm,两端以环氧树脂封装固定,防止拉伸过程中发生滑移。2种植物按生长时间梯度(60、90、120、150 d)分别制备60个样本,累计完成4个时间段共480个试验材料的标准化处理。
设置EPSON(PERFECTIONC700)根系扫描仪分辨率为800 dpi并进行灰度扫描,随后使用分析系统WinRHIZO(Pro.2009)对草本植物的根系形态特征进行分析,获得其根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根径、根尖数和根分枝数。
采用HP-500数显式推拉力计,对草本植物根系进行现场原位整株抗拔试验,测定抗拔力和植物拉拔处直径,计算抗拔强度,同时测量断裂长度。每个生长时间紫花苜蓿和狗尾草各选择60个样品,4个生长时间测试480次。抗拔强度计算公式为:
P=4Fpπd2
式中:P为根系抗拔强度,MPa;Fp为极限抗拔力,N;d为拉拔处直径,mm。
将根系样本浸泡处理12 h,减少含水率的影响,使用电子万能试验机测定单根抗拉力,并计算极限延伸率和抗拉强度。抗拉强度计算公式为:
T=4FtπD2
式中:T为根系抗拉强度,MPa;Ft为极限抗拉力,N;D为单根的直径,mm。
极限延伸率是根系在受力拉伸过程中,从原始长度到断裂时的最大长度变化与原始长度之比,通常以百分比表示,计算公式为:
δ=L1-L0L0×100%
式中:δ为极限延伸率,%;L1为根系拉断后标距部分的长度,mm;L0为根系拉伸试验前的原始标距长度,mm。
数据处理与分析使用Excel 2021软件,图表绘制采用Origin 2026软件。差异显著性检验、Spearman相关性分析及随机森林分析则分别通过SPSS 25和R 4.5.0软件进行。
须/直根系草本植物的抗拉强度均与单根直径呈幂函数负相关(表1、图1),随生长时间增加,狗尾草和紫花苜蓿的幂函数指数绝对值总体上呈上升趋势,说明单根直径对抗拉强度的影响增大。同一生长时间,二者的指数绝对值无明显差异,说明抗拉强度对单根直径变化的敏感性在二者间差异较小。上述草本植物的抗拉强度均先增后减,在120 d达到峰值。极限延伸率与单根直径间表现为对数正相关。狗尾草极限延伸率随时间先降低后平缓,紫花苜蓿极限延伸率随时间变化规律不明显。
与60 d相比,狗尾草的抗拉强度在90~120 d显著增加,为60 d的1.32~1.41倍;极限延伸率在90~150 d显著降低22.41%~31.93%。紫花苜蓿的抗拉强度在120 d达到峰值,为60 d的1.04倍,150 d较60 d显著降低53.22%;而极限延伸率在150 d显著增加,为60 d的1.31倍。同一生长时间,狗尾草的抗拉强度显著大于紫花苜蓿,抗拉强度为紫花苜蓿的1.21~2.89倍;狗尾草的极限延伸率在60~120 d均显著大于紫花苜蓿,为紫花苜蓿的1.22~1.90倍。
须/直根系草本植物的抗拔强度均与拉拔处直径呈幂函数负相关(表2、图2),随生长时间增加,狗尾草的幂函数指数绝对值总体上呈上升趋势,在150 d达到峰值,说明其拉拔处直径对抗拔强度的影响增大;紫花苜蓿在90 d达到峰值后,呈持续下降趋势,在150 d达到最小值,说明其拉拔处直径对抗拔强度的影响减小。同一生长时间,狗尾草的指数绝对值总体上大于紫花苜蓿,说明狗尾草抗拔强度对拉拔处直径变化的敏感性强于紫花苜蓿。上述草本植物抗拔强度均随时间先增后减,90 d达到峰值,150 d达到最小值。狗尾草断裂长度随时间显著增大,紫花苜蓿则随时间变化无明显规律,且二者均在60 d时达到最小值,150 d达到峰值。
与60 d相比,狗尾草的抗拔强度在90 d显著增加,为60 d的1.54倍;断裂长度在90、150 d显著增加,为60 d的1.48~1.76倍。紫花苜蓿的抗拔强度在90 d出现峰值,为60 d的1.45倍,但无显著差异;断裂长度显著增加,为60 d的1.55~2.42倍。同一生长时期,狗尾草的抗拔强度显著大于紫花苜蓿,抗拔强度为紫花苜蓿的5.34~6.01倍;断裂长度无显著差异。
除平均根径外,须/直根系草本植物的根系形态值均随着生长时间增加而显著增大,并在150 d达到峰值;随着生长时间增加,狗尾草平均根径先增大后平缓,紫花苜蓿则先增后减,二者均在120 d达到峰值(图3、图4)。
除平均根径外,狗尾草的根系形态值均在150 d显著增大,为60 d的8.27~43.00倍;紫花苜蓿亦显著增加,为60 d的5.25~13.39倍。2种植物的平均根径较60 d均无显著变化。同一生长时间,狗尾草的根系形态值均显著大于紫花苜蓿,狗尾草的根长、根表面积、根尖数、根分枝数、根体积分别为紫花苜蓿的3.17~6.63、2.01~4.48、7.16~10.68、4.64~14.90、1.33~3.79倍。紫花苜蓿的平均根径则显著大于狗尾草,为狗尾草的1.15~1.60倍。
相关分析(表3)显示,抗拉、抗拔强度在整个生长季中均稳定与根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数和根分枝数呈显著正相关,与平均根径则呈显著负相关。根系类型分析表明,狗尾草和紫花苜蓿抗拉、抗拔强度与根长、根尖数及根分枝数在60~90 d多呈显著负相关,120~150 d多呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。
在抗拔强度方面,狗尾草60 d仅与根径显著负相关,90 d与根长、根表面积、根径、根体积和根分枝数呈显著负相关,120 d与根径、根体积显著负相关,与根长显著正相关,150 d仅与根径显著负相关;紫花苜蓿60 d仅与根径显著负相关,90~120 d与根径和根体积显著负相关,150 d转变为与根长、根尖数和分枝数呈显著正相关,与根径呈显著负相关。抗拉强度方面,狗尾草60 d与根表面积、根径和根体积显著负相关,90 d仅与根径显著负相关,120 d表现为根径、根体积显著负相关且与根长、分枝数显著正相关,150 d仅与根径显著负相关;紫花苜蓿60 d仅与根尖数显著负相关,90 d与根表面积、根径和根体积显著负相关,120 d与根径和根体积显著负相关,150 d转变为与根长、根表面积、根尖数和分枝数显著正相关,与根径显著负相关(p<0.05)。
随机森林分析结果(表4)表明,根长、根表面积、平均根径、根体积、根尖数和根分枝数均为抗拉、抗拔强度的影响因子。根径是影响狗尾草和紫花苜蓿抗拉、抗拔强度的主要因子,但二者随时间的变化趋势不同。具体而言,狗尾草的抗拉、抗拔强度由60~90 d的多个根系指标影响逐渐转变为由根径影响,而紫花苜蓿由60~90 d的根径影响逐渐转变为多个根系指标影响(p<0.05)。
抗拔强度方面,狗尾草在90 d影响指标有根表面积、根径、根体积和分枝数,120 d为根径、根体积,150 d简化为根径,而紫花苜蓿在60~90 d的影响因子主要为根径,120 d影响因子为根径和根体积,150 d转变为根径和根尖数;抗拉强度方面,狗尾草由60 d根表面积、根径和根体积多个根系指标转变为90 d的根径单影响因子,120 d受根径和根体积影响,150 d简化为根径。紫花苜蓿60 d的影响因子仅为根尖数,90 d转变为根表面积、根径、根体积共同影响,120 d为根径、根体积,150 d则由根径、根尖数和分枝数构成影响因子(p<0.05)。
本研究发现,狗尾草和紫花苜蓿间的平均根径存在差异(图4)。可能是因为直根系植物主根需要扎入深层土壤获取水分并承担支撑作用[16],因此,形成较大的根径以保证输导能力和力学强度;须根系具有大量分布于浅层的细根,需要通过细根数量优势尽可能接触更多土壤,以获取水分,因此其平均根径小于直根系[17-18]。进一步分析抗拉强度-根径幂函数指数绝对值随生长时间的变化趋势发现,须/直根系草本抗拉强度对根径大小的敏感性在增加。可能是因为草本植物根系中纤维素和木质素的相对含量及比例均与抗拉强度相关[19-20]。根系纤维素含量上升,促使细胞壁增厚、柔韧性降低,抑制细胞分裂和伸长,根系伸长和增粗受到影响[21],导致根形态发生变化,进而影响抗拉强度。本研究中,狗尾草抗拉、抗拔强度和根系形态指标(除根径外)均大于紫花苜蓿(表1、表2、图4),且对须/直根系草本的整体分析表明,狗尾草和紫花苜蓿间的抗拉、抗拔强度差异与须根系表现更优的根系形态相关。因为种间差异的存在,须根系植物通常具有更发达的细根,与土体间的缠绕更为牢固,环境适应性和固土能力往往更好[22]。2种植物在90 d时抗拔强度均达峰值(表2),但二者差异显著。紫花苜蓿的抗拔强度仅与根径呈显著负相关,而狗尾草则与根表面积、根径、根体积及根分枝数呈显著负相关,且抗拔强度大于紫花苜蓿。是因为须根系植物在生长前期通过构建根系网络,增加根系分枝数量,借助分枝结构增强根土摩擦力,从而提高抗拔力[23]。因此,即便其根系相对纤细,仍具备较强的抗拔强度。然而,随着根系生长,与直根系植物主根及侧根明显增粗不同,须根系植物的根系仍保持较细状态,细根分枝本身及分枝连接点处较易发生断裂[24],导致根系与土体间连接松动,致使抗拔强度降低。150 d的抗拉/拔强度降低(表1、表2),推测与环境高温胁迫有关。根据重庆市气象局2023年9月高温统计数据,该月≥35 ℃的高温天数达9 d,月平均气温为30 ℃,当月最高气温达38 ℃。高温胁迫致使植物根系提前进入衰老期[25],表现为抗氧化酶活性降低,活性氧含量增多,导致根系活力降低[26-27],抑制根毛生长,降低根系的土壤穿透及锚固能力[28]。根系衰老后,还诱使根系生物量再分配,根径减小[29],最终导致单根强度减弱,抗拉、抗拔强度降低。
本研究发现,根径是影响植物整个生长周期内根系抗拉、抗拔强度的主要因子。该结果与前人[30]研究一致,即草本植物的抗拉、抗拔强度与根径间呈幂函数负相关。紫花苜蓿的抗拉、抗拔强度在60~90 d时主要受根径影响,随后逐渐转变为多个根系指标共同影响;而狗尾草则由60~90 d的多因子影响,后期根径逐渐转变为主要影响因子(表3、表4)。进一步分析抗拔强度-拉拔处直径幂函数指数绝对值随生长时间的变化趋势发现,须根系抗拔强度对根径的敏感性随时间不断增加,而直根系则相反。此差异可能与二者的根系构型有关,紫花苜蓿为“V”形,具有明显的主根,侧根较少。生长前期侧根尚未发育完全,主根在力学贡献中占主导作用,其抗拉、抗拔强度主要取决于主根根径;随着植株生长,侧根逐渐发育,根系结构更加复杂,其他根系指标的作用凸显,其抗拉、抗拔强度不再仅由主根根径决定,而受到多个根系指标共同影响。狗尾草为“M”形,根系无主根且分支多。生长前期须根增长快且分枝多,能依靠浅层土壤中的根系网络增强固土性能[31],其抗拉、抗拔强度与多个根系指标相关;后期根系网络完善,根系分布较密集,呈团网状分布,此时根系与土体间的作用已达到稳定,根长、根表面积等形态指标对抗拉、抗拔强度的提升有限;而须根系的细根特点,让其单根根径的增长对整体力学贡献愈发突出,使得抗拉、抗拔强度逐渐由根径主导。本研究还发现,前期根系形态与抗拉、抗拔强度多呈显著负相关,后期则多呈显著正相关。是因为植物前期地上部弱小,供给根系的养分有限,主要通过降低根系代谢成本并提高根系强度[32-33],加强根系穿透土壤的能力,促进根系纵向延伸,而单根强度的增加及根系在深层土壤的锚固均有助于抗拉、抗拔强度增加,在一定程度上表现出,根形态与抗拉、抗拔强度呈负相关。随着生长时间增加,更多的是依赖根系网络的扩展,增强与土体的相互作用[31],以此来增加抗拉、抗拔强度。
1)随生长时间增加,狗尾草和紫花苜蓿的根系形态指标显著增长,抗拉、抗拔强度均呈先增后减变化,抗拔强度峰值均出现在90 d,抗拉强度峰值则出现在120 d;同一生长时间直根系的根径显著大于须根系,而须根系的根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根分枝数和抗拉、抗拔强度则均显著大于直根系。
2)随生长时间增加,2种草的抗拉强度-根径幂函数指数绝对值总体上呈增大趋势,说明根径对抗拉强度的影响增大;须根系抗拔强度-拉拔处直径幂函数指数绝对值总体上呈增大趋势,而直根系在90 d峰值后呈减小趋势,说明拉拔处直径对须根系抗拔强度的影响增大,对直根系影响则减小。
3)随机森林及相关分析结果显示,2种草的抗拉、抗拔强度差异与根系形态密切相关,且相关性随时间变化较为稳定;根径是上述草本抗拉、抗拔强度的主要影响因子。60、90 d须根系的抗拉、抗拔强度受多个根系形态指标的影响,120、150 d则受根径主导;直根系则呈相反趋势。
  • 重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(CSTB2024TIAD-GPX0045)
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.001
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-03
  • 修回日期:2026-01-30
  • 录用日期:2026-02-26
基金
重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项面上项目(CSTB2024TIAD-GPX0045)
重庆市水利科技项目(CQSLK-2024016)
重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合资助项目(CSTB2024NSCQ-LZX0075)
西南大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202510635724)
西南大学研究生科研创新项目(SWUS25117)
作者信息
    西南大学资源环境学院,重庆金佛山喀斯特生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,水土保持生态修复重庆市重点实验室,重庆 400715

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谌芸(1981—),女,教授,博士生导师,主要从事土壤侵蚀与水土保持研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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