Article(id=1312009495425938114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1769529600000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-28, revisedDate=1774368000000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-25, acceptedDate=1775577600000, acceptedDateStr=2026-04-08, onlineDate=1790737039667, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790737039667, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790737039667, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790737039667, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312009474789958403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790737034746, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739471092, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=163, endPage=172, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312009495635653315, articleId=1312009495425938114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=EN, title=Impacts of Climatic Differentiation on Vegetation-Hydrology Coupling Effects in Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region, columnId=1312009477243626245, journalTitle=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study aims to analyze hydrological cycle patterns under different climatic and vegetation conditions and evaluate vegetation water carrying capacity in arid and semi-arid regions using an ecohydrological model. Methods Eagleson′s ecohydrological model was applied to analyze vegetation water carrying capacity and growing-season water budget under different climatic zones and land use types in the study area. Results 1) Eagleson′s model showed good applicability in simulating vegetation water carrying capacity in the study area, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.85. 2) Current vegetation coverage and vegetation water carrying capacity showed obvious regional differences. Fractional vegetation coverages (FVC) values in five core ecological functional zones-water conservation and management area in the Bashang Plateau and hilly mountainous area of northern North China, desertification control area in the Ordos Plateau, desertification control area in the Hunshandake-Horqin sandy land, degraded desert grassland control area in the Ulanqab Plateau, and degraded grassland control area in the Xilin Gol Plateau-Ujimqin Basin-were 0.54, 0.28, 0.36, 0.20, and 0.31, respectively. 3) In the water conservation and management area of the Bashang Plateau and hilly mountainous areas of northern North China, 49.83% of the land area still has potential for increased FVC, whereas the degraded grassland control area in the Xilin Gol Plateau-Ujimqin Basin, vegetation in 82.04% of the land area has reached the upper limit of water carrying capacity. Across the entire region, vegetation interception and transpiration during the growing season accounted for nearly 90% of precipitation, whereas bare-soil evaporation accounted for less than 10%. Vegetation transpiration increased with increasing FVC. Water budget patterns differed markedly among different vegetation types. Conclusion Eagleson′s model shows good performance and can be used to predict vegetation water carrying capacity in arid and semi-arid regions. Vegetation water carrying capacity shows obvious spatial differentiation, and the potential for increasing FVC varies significantly among regions. Shrublands and grasslands show better climatic adaptability in vegetation-hydrology coupling. Climatic differentiation is the fundamental factor driving spatial differentiation of vegetation-hydrology coupling effects. The results provide theoretical reference and data support for determining FVC in ecological restoration.

, authors=Ruixin Luo1, Chengfu Zhang1, Wei Zhang2, Lin Miao1, Shuang Feng1, Sihan Wang1, Haining Zhang1, Qing Gele1, Yue Yao1, authorsList=Ruixin Luo, Chengfu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Lin Miao, Shuang Feng, Sihan Wang, Haining Zhang, Qing Gele, Yue Yao, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengfu Zhang, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312009497523090134, articleId=1312009495425938114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=CN, title=京津风沙源区气候分异对植被和水文耦合效应的影响, columnId=1312009477407204103, journalTitle=水土保持学报, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 为分析不同气候植被条件下水文循环规律,通过生态水文模型研究干旱半干旱区水资源植被承载力。 方法 基于Eagleson生态水文模型分析该区域不同气候区、不同土地利用类型下的植被水分承载力及生长季的水分收支。 结果 1) Eagleson模型在研究区模拟水分植被承载力表现出很好的适用性(R²达到0.85)。2)植被覆盖现状与水分承载力具有较为明显的区域差异。在坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地水源涵养治理区、鄂尔多斯高原沙化土地治理区、浑善达克-科尔沁沙地沙化土地治理区、乌兰察布高原退化荒漠草原治理区及锡林郭勒高原-乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区5个核心生态功能区的植被盖度分别为0.54、0.28、0.36、0.20、0.31。3)坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地水源涵养治理区仍有49.83%的土地面积植被盖度提升空间,锡林郭勒高原-乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区82.04%面积的植被达到水分承载上限。4)在全区,生长季植被截留蒸腾耗水量占降水量的近90%,裸土蒸发占比不足10%。随着盖度增加,植被蒸腾量也增加。不同植被类型水分收支模式有着明显的差异。 结论 Eagleson模型结果优秀,可用于预测干旱半干旱区域水分植被承载力;水分植被承载力具有明显的地域分异,不同地区植被盖度的提升空间不同;灌木林与草地在植被-水文耦合方面表现出更好的气候适应性;气候分异是驱动植被-水文耦合效应空间分异的根本因素。研究结果可为生态建设确定植被盖度提供理论参考和数据基础。

, authors=罗瑞新1, 张成福1, 张巍2, 苗林1, 冯霜1, 王思涵1, 张海宁1, 青格勒1, 姚悦1, authorsList=罗瑞新, 张成福, 张巍, 苗林, 冯霜, 王思涵, 张海宁, 青格勒, 姚悦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张成福, authorNote=

罗瑞新(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事生态水文模型研究。E-mail:

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张成福(1966—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事生态水文模型研究。E-mail:
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罗瑞新(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事生态水文模型研究。E-mail:

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罗瑞新(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事生态水文模型研究。E-mail:

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Water balance of mobile sandy land during the growing season[J].Journal of Desert Research,2009,29(4):663-667., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1312009509728514866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, awardId=2023YFF1305304-01, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305304-01), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1312009498252899031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009498261287640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, companyId=1312009498252899031, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Desert Management,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009498273870553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, companyId=1312009498252899031, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特 010011)]), AuthorCompany(id=1312009499544744666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009499574104795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, companyId=1312009499544744666, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.The Hunshandake Large-scale Forest Farm in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010020,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009499599270620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, companyId=1312009499544744666, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.内蒙古自治区浑善达克规模化林场,呼和浩特 010020)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1312009505395798806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Response of fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) to soil moisture, figureFileSmall=apvC58nPArdtcN0BqSfdQQ==, figureFileBig=0I5lmvSau51FD3N/+QwxmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009505492267799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图1, caption=FVC对土壤水分的响应, figureFileSmall=apvC58nPArdtcN0BqSfdQQ==, figureFileBig=0I5lmvSau51FD3N/+QwxmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009505781674776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Overview of study areas, figureFileSmall=fLjUP8D/Pr7fdvc5HsKCgg==, figureFileBig=qgzn/QiCGHcAVfrFcJrl0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009505878143769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图2, caption=研究区概况

注:Ⅰ为坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地水源涵养治理区;Ⅱ为鄂尔多斯高原沙化土地治理区;Ⅲ为科尔沁_浑善达克沙地沙化土地治理区;Ⅳ为乌兰察布高原退化荒漠草原治理区;Ⅴ为锡林郭勒高原_乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区。下同。

, figureFileSmall=fLjUP8D/Pr7fdvc5HsKCgg==, figureFileBig=qgzn/QiCGHcAVfrFcJrl0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009505962029850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Multi-year mean temperature and precipitation in study areas, figureFileSmall=S0K891BOc5K2yWwZA+4Nlw==, figureFileBig=R9VhIGjyC+DtHvJR2D/BYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506037527323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图3, caption=研究区多年平均气温与降水, figureFileSmall=S0K891BOc5K2yWwZA+4Nlw==, figureFileBig=R9VhIGjyC+DtHvJR2D/BYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506117219100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Random sampling points, figureFileSmall=7C2JYN5XCttI3zT1CFJ4rg==, figureFileBig=0AMsxNnKhS8gsXPHnQkkcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506184327965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图4, caption=随机样点, figureFileSmall=7C2JYN5XCttI3zT1CFJ4rg==, figureFileBig=0AMsxNnKhS8gsXPHnQkkcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506243048222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Fractional vegetation coverage distribution and comparison, figureFileSmall=4Yb3pVoZ0eQ0WEPGAewZ9g==, figureFileBig=xdMUU5Mfn4zPGDDVIsN+pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506301768479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图5, caption=盖度分布情况及对比, figureFileSmall=4Yb3pVoZ0eQ0WEPGAewZ9g==, figureFileBig=xdMUU5Mfn4zPGDDVIsN+pA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506373071648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Meteorological factors during growing season in study areas, figureFileSmall=hVXHEufPcYLLeRXuGSS3Zg==, figureFileBig=rQQI8gAXZxOp3QVhIcIezw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506444374817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图6, caption=研究区生长季气象因子, figureFileSmall=hVXHEufPcYLLeRXuGSS3Zg==, figureFileBig=rQQI8gAXZxOp3QVhIcIezw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506507289378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Vegetation interception and soil runoff during growing season in study areas, figureFileSmall=/G6YaE0EkCqlB7Ft0IBk0w==, figureFileBig=86uuYOdUVRx23BxDYZmXmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506578592547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图7, caption=研究区生长季植被截留量和土壤径流量, figureFileSmall=/G6YaE0EkCqlB7Ft0IBk0w==, figureFileBig=86uuYOdUVRx23BxDYZmXmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506670867236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Evapotranspiration, vegetation transpiration, and soil evaporation during growing season in study areas, figureFileSmall=J3VJ+hUhJrTqMK2RSQI6Kw==, figureFileBig=/hn3CAEMujLBOoc3M4rjzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009506733781797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图8, caption=研究区生长季蒸散发量、植被蒸腾量和土壤蒸发量, figureFileSmall=J3VJ+hUhJrTqMK2RSQI6Kw==, figureFileBig=/hn3CAEMujLBOoc3M4rjzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009508336005926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Potential increase in fractional vegetation coverage in study areas, figureFileSmall=+CUddvy8R/ryfBcuBLMtHw==, figureFileBig=G+9/a886B/3X1ClRxGhr8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009508449252135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=图9, caption=研究区植被潜在盖度提升, figureFileSmall=+CUddvy8R/ryfBcuBLMtHw==, figureFileBig=G+9/a886B/3X1ClRxGhr8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009508524749608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main meteorological and soil input parameters of Eagleson′s ecohydrological optimality theory

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

参数

类型

名称含义单位取值

气象

数据

mh生长季平均降水深度mm1.26~5.46
mv生长季平均降水次数次105.34~125.13
mtb生长季平均降水间隔时间d3.13~6.74
mtr生长季平均降水持续时间d0.43~0.57
γ0地表湿度计常数Pa/K0.084~0.237
Eps饱和水面潜在蒸散发速率mm/d2.29~5.49
mτ生长季平均长度d153

土壤

数据

Ks土壤饱和导水率cm/d5.365~266.543
m土壤孔隙分布指数无量纲0.099~0.393
ne土壤孔隙度无量纲0.45
ψs土壤饱和基质势cm-56.308~5.503
), ArticleFig(id=1312009508747047721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

Eagleson生态水文最优性理论主要输入气象和土壤参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

参数

类型

名称含义单位取值

气象

数据

mh生长季平均降水深度mm1.26~5.46
mv生长季平均降水次数次105.34~125.13
mtb生长季平均降水间隔时间d3.13~6.74
mtr生长季平均降水持续时间d0.43~0.57
γ0地表湿度计常数Pa/K0.084~0.237
Eps饱和水面潜在蒸散发速率mm/d2.29~5.49
mτ生长季平均长度d153

土壤

数据

Ks土壤饱和导水率cm/d5.365~266.543
m土壤孔隙分布指数无量纲0.099~0.393
ne土壤孔隙度无量纲0.45
ψs土壤饱和基质势cm-56.308~5.503
), ArticleFig(id=1312009508839322410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Main canopy input parameters of different vegeta-tion types in Eagleson's ecohydrological optimality theory

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植被类型M=0M=1
hshrcraβLtrcra
针叶林0.70.30.73.51.8
阔叶林0.50.60.34.70.4
灌丛0.31.50.53.60.5
草地03.00.42.81.2
农田0.12.10.53.60.9
), ArticleFig(id=1312009508944180011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Eagleson生态水文最优性理论主要输入不同植被类型冠层参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植被类型M=0M=1
hshrcraβLtrcra
针叶林0.70.30.73.51.8
阔叶林0.50.60.34.70.4
灌丛0.31.50.53.60.5
草地03.00.42.81.2
农田0.12.10.53.60.9
), ArticleFig(id=1312009509153895212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mean values of Eagleson's simulation data in each subregion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分区生长季总降水量/mm暴雨持续时间/d暴雨间隔时间/d生长季长度/d饱和水汽压斜率生长季暴雨次数/次裸土潜在蒸发率/%休眠季降水量/mm休眠季总潜在蒸散率/%
Ⅰ区38.373.292.64176.980.6929.8371.117.3723.21
Ⅱ区29.522.903.11193.890.7232.3164.125.0015.87
Ⅲ区29.353.432.50161.550.6927.4158.676.6219.48
Ⅳ区18.442.713.06166.390.7228.8850.624.7216.12
Ⅴ区23.823.552.42145.830.6924.5552.777.0020.10
), ArticleFig(id=1312009509275530029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Eagleson模拟数据各分区平均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分区生长季总降水量/mm暴雨持续时间/d暴雨间隔时间/d生长季长度/d饱和水汽压斜率生长季暴雨次数/次裸土潜在蒸发率/%休眠季降水量/mm休眠季总潜在蒸散率/%
Ⅰ区38.373.292.64176.980.6929.8371.117.3723.21
Ⅱ区29.522.903.11193.890.7232.3164.125.0015.87
Ⅲ区29.353.432.50161.550.6927.4158.676.6219.48
Ⅳ区18.442.713.06166.390.7228.8850.624.7216.12
Ⅴ区23.823.552.42145.830.6924.5552.777.0020.10
), ArticleFig(id=1312009509363610414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Components of ecohydrological factors for each land use type during growing season

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植被类型降水量植被截留蒸腾土壤蒸发
平均值/mm方差/mm平均值/mm比率/%方差/mm平均值/mm比率/%方差/mm
针叶林452.4897.68436.7296.5287.6310.942.4210.85
阔叶林405.39109.50359.7688.7591.9922.215.489.67
灌木林299.61127.96267.0889.14130.0726.738.9211.07
草地271.77102.40250.3392.11107.4426.309.688.87
农田370.0089.65353.9795.6790.1618.975.139.60
), ArticleFig(id=1312009509434913583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

生长季各土地利用类型生态水文因子分量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植被类型降水量植被截留蒸腾土壤蒸发
平均值/mm方差/mm平均值/mm比率/%方差/mm平均值/mm比率/%方差/mm
针叶林452.4897.68436.7296.5287.6310.942.4210.85
阔叶林405.39109.50359.7688.7591.9922.215.489.67
灌木林299.61127.96267.0889.14130.0726.738.9211.07
草地271.77102.40250.3392.11107.4426.309.688.87
农田370.0089.65353.9795.6790.1618.975.139.60
), ArticleFig(id=1312009509510411056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Area of each subregion and predicted fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) data in study areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分区面积/km2提升平均值/%最大值/%最小值/%

达到

面积/%

潜在提升

面积/%

平均可

提升/%

最大可

提升/%

Ⅰ区154 93854982050.1749.831573
Ⅱ区153 5342898835.4264.58962
Ⅲ区114 34636981764.6835.32854
Ⅳ区171 8352063521.0478.96629
Ⅴ区110 30031861782.0417.96731
), ArticleFig(id=1312009509598491441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009495425938114, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

研究区各区域面积及预测FVC数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分区面积/km2提升平均值/%最大值/%最小值/%

达到

面积/%

潜在提升

面积/%

平均可

提升/%

最大可

提升/%

Ⅰ区154 93854982050.1749.831573
Ⅱ区153 5342898835.4264.58962
Ⅲ区114 34636981764.6835.32854
Ⅳ区171 8352063521.0478.96629
Ⅴ区110 30031861782.0417.96731
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京津风沙源区气候分异对植被和水文耦合效应的影响
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罗瑞新 1 , 张成福 1 , 张巍 2 , 苗林 1 , 冯霜 1 , 王思涵 1 , 张海宁 1 , 青格勒 1 , 姚悦 1
水土保持学报 | 基础研究 2026,40(4): 163-172
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水土保持学报 |基础研究 2026 , 40 (4) : 163 -172
京津风沙源区气候分异对植被和水文耦合效应的影响
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罗瑞新1 , 张成福1 , 张巍2, 苗林1, 冯霜1, 王思涵1, 张海宁1, 青格勒1, 姚悦1
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特 010011
  • 2.内蒙古自治区浑善达克规模化林场,呼和浩特 010020
通讯作者:
张成福(1966—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事生态水文模型研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

罗瑞新(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事生态水文模型研究。E-mail:

Impacts of Climatic Differentiation on Vegetation-Hydrology Coupling Effects in Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region
Ruixin Luo1 , Chengfu Zhang1 , Wei Zhang2, Lin Miao1, Shuang Feng1, Sihan Wang1, Haining Zhang1, Qing Gele1, Yue Yao1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Desert Management,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China
  • 2.The Hunshandake Large-scale Forest Farm in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010020,China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.028
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目的 为分析不同气候植被条件下水文循环规律,通过生态水文模型研究干旱半干旱区水资源植被承载力。 方法 基于Eagleson生态水文模型分析该区域不同气候区、不同土地利用类型下的植被水分承载力及生长季的水分收支。 结果 1) Eagleson模型在研究区模拟水分植被承载力表现出很好的适用性(R²达到0.85)。2)植被覆盖现状与水分承载力具有较为明显的区域差异。在坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地水源涵养治理区、鄂尔多斯高原沙化土地治理区、浑善达克-科尔沁沙地沙化土地治理区、乌兰察布高原退化荒漠草原治理区及锡林郭勒高原-乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区5个核心生态功能区的植被盖度分别为0.54、0.28、0.36、0.20、0.31。3)坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地水源涵养治理区仍有49.83%的土地面积植被盖度提升空间,锡林郭勒高原-乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区82.04%面积的植被达到水分承载上限。4)在全区,生长季植被截留蒸腾耗水量占降水量的近90%,裸土蒸发占比不足10%。随着盖度增加,植被蒸腾量也增加。不同植被类型水分收支模式有着明显的差异。 结论 Eagleson模型结果优秀,可用于预测干旱半干旱区域水分植被承载力;水分植被承载力具有明显的地域分异,不同地区植被盖度的提升空间不同;灌木林与草地在植被-水文耦合方面表现出更好的气候适应性;气候分异是驱动植被-水文耦合效应空间分异的根本因素。研究结果可为生态建设确定植被盖度提供理论参考和数据基础。

京津风沙源区  /  气候分异  /  植被盖度  /  Eagleson模型  /  水分平衡  /  生态修复潜力

Objective This study aims to analyze hydrological cycle patterns under different climatic and vegetation conditions and evaluate vegetation water carrying capacity in arid and semi-arid regions using an ecohydrological model. Methods Eagleson′s ecohydrological model was applied to analyze vegetation water carrying capacity and growing-season water budget under different climatic zones and land use types in the study area. Results 1) Eagleson′s model showed good applicability in simulating vegetation water carrying capacity in the study area, with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.85. 2) Current vegetation coverage and vegetation water carrying capacity showed obvious regional differences. Fractional vegetation coverages (FVC) values in five core ecological functional zones-water conservation and management area in the Bashang Plateau and hilly mountainous area of northern North China, desertification control area in the Ordos Plateau, desertification control area in the Hunshandake-Horqin sandy land, degraded desert grassland control area in the Ulanqab Plateau, and degraded grassland control area in the Xilin Gol Plateau-Ujimqin Basin-were 0.54, 0.28, 0.36, 0.20, and 0.31, respectively. 3) In the water conservation and management area of the Bashang Plateau and hilly mountainous areas of northern North China, 49.83% of the land area still has potential for increased FVC, whereas the degraded grassland control area in the Xilin Gol Plateau-Ujimqin Basin, vegetation in 82.04% of the land area has reached the upper limit of water carrying capacity. Across the entire region, vegetation interception and transpiration during the growing season accounted for nearly 90% of precipitation, whereas bare-soil evaporation accounted for less than 10%. Vegetation transpiration increased with increasing FVC. Water budget patterns differed markedly among different vegetation types. Conclusion Eagleson′s model shows good performance and can be used to predict vegetation water carrying capacity in arid and semi-arid regions. Vegetation water carrying capacity shows obvious spatial differentiation, and the potential for increasing FVC varies significantly among regions. Shrublands and grasslands show better climatic adaptability in vegetation-hydrology coupling. Climatic differentiation is the fundamental factor driving spatial differentiation of vegetation-hydrology coupling effects. The results provide theoretical reference and data support for determining FVC in ecological restoration.

Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region  /  climatic differentiation  /  fractional vegetation coverage  /  Eagleson′s model  /  water balance  /  ecological restoration potential
罗瑞新, 张成福, 张巍, 苗林, 冯霜, 王思涵, 张海宁, 青格勒, 姚悦. 京津风沙源区气候分异对植被和水文耦合效应的影响. 水土保持学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 163 -172 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.028
Ruixin Luo, Chengfu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Lin Miao, Shuang Feng, Sihan Wang, Haining Zhang, Qing Gele, Yue Yao. Impacts of Climatic Differentiation on Vegetation-Hydrology Coupling Effects in Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026 , 40 (4) : 163 -172 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.028
京津风沙源区作为我国北方重要的生态屏障,对于保障京津地区的生态安全及遏制土地沙化具有不可替代的战略意义。自2000年国家启动京津风沙源区治理工程以来,通过退耕还林、封山育林及人工造林等一系列生态修复措施,植被盖度得到明显提升,区域内的沙化土地扩展趋势得到初步遏制[1-2]。在干旱与半干旱气候区,水分是限制植被稳定与格局演化的决定性因子[3]。随着固沙植被规模的不断扩大,生态建设与水资源承载力间的矛盾日益凸显,部分地区出现土壤水分严重亏缺、地下水位下降甚至固沙林大面积衰退的现象,严重威胁区域生态建设的可持续性[4-5]。
植被与水文过程的耦合是生态水文学研究的核心,植被覆盖的改变通过冠层截留、植被蒸腾及根区水分运移等过程影响着地表水量收支的分配[6]。现有研究[7]表明,大规模的植树造林在提升固沙效益的同时,大幅增加区域的蒸散发强度,此现象改变降水在径流与土壤储水间的分配权重。京津风沙源区地域广阔,下垫面条件复杂多样,跨越明显的水热梯度,从东南部的燕山、太行山到西北部的内蒙古高原及各沙地分区,降水量呈明显递减趋势,干燥度指数的空间分异非常强烈。该种气候梯度不仅决定植被分布的地带性特征,还限制不同区域植被-水文耦合效应的强度与方向。Eagleson等[8-9]、Rodríguez等[10]提出的生态水文最优性理论指出,植被是其生长环境的“达尔文表现形式”,其通过调节自身结构使系统在长期进化中达到一种水分胁迫最小化的平衡状态。该理论为从物理机制层面解析复杂气候梯度下的植被-水文反馈关系提供有力的理论框架。目前,关于京津风沙源区植被恢复的研究多侧重于宏观尺度的演变规律,而对于在不同气候背景下,植被如何通过形态与结构的适应性调整(如盖度变化)来响应水分约束的物理机理等问题,仍缺乏深入的具体研究[11-12]。特别是气候分异如何通过改变降水的有效性来影响植被的水分利用效率,是当前生态修复规划中至关重要的科学问题。
近年来,随着遥感技术和生态水文模型的发展,植被-水文耦合机制的研究取得新进展。Feng等[13]利用GRACE卫星数据揭示中国北方大规模植树造林对地下水储量的影响;Lian等[14]基于全球通量观测网络数据发现干旱区植被恢复存在“水分阈值效应”;Tian等[15]对黄土高原植被恢复的水文响应研究表明,过量的恢复导致深层土壤干燥化。为理解干旱半干旱区植被-水分关系提供新的认识,但不同气候分区植被承载力差异的系统性物理机理分析仍然不足。
为此,本研究以京津风沙源区为研究对象,集成2001—2020年ERA5再分析数据及多源土壤物理参数,利用Eagleson统计-动力学水量平衡模型分析研究区水分植被承载力和生态水文过程的演变特征。通过对5个核心生态功能分区[16]的对比,揭示气候分异对植被-水文耦合效应的影响机理。研究成果可为京津风沙源区生态修复项目制定科学植被配置规划提供理论依据和数据基础。
Eagleson生态水文模型是基于最优性理论(ecohydrological optimality theory)建立的。最优性理论建立在自然选择的生物学准则之上,认为植被的形态与功能是其生长环境演化的“达尔文表现形式”(Darwinian expression)。其核心科学假说指出,在长期的协同进化中,植被通过调节自身的盖度(M)和生理特征,使系统在特定气候-土壤条件下达到一种生态水文平衡状态,即在水分条件受限时能够使植被遭受的长期平均水分胁迫达到最小。
基于Eagleson统计-动力学框架,假设在生长季内土壤含水量主要受降水入渗、植被蒸腾、裸土蒸发和渗漏补给控制。在长期气候平均状态下,流域生长季的水量平衡方程的计算公式为:
P=EI¯+ET¯+ES¯+RS¯+ΔS
式中:P为生长季多年平均降水量,mm;EI为冠层截留蒸发量,mm;ET为植被蒸腾量,mm;ES为裸土蒸发量,mm;RS为地表径流量,mm;ΔS为土壤蓄水增量,mm(多年平均状态下趋于0)。为使模型具备空间模拟能力,将各分量表达为植被盖度(M)的函数。
冠层截留蒸发量(EI)是降水被植被重新分配的首要环节[10,17],参考Eagleson等[9]的降水截留模型,假设单次降雨事件中的截留量受植被盖度(M)和冠层最大持水能力的影响,其多年平均值计算公式为:
EI¯=MP1-exp -nSvP
式中:n为降雨次数;Sv为单位盖度下的蓄水容量,mm。
植被蒸腾量(ET)是水分消耗的核心。本研究引入最优性理论中的植被蒸腾效率系数kv*来描述植被对水分胁迫的生理响应,计算公式为:
ET¯=Mkv*PETβs
式中:kv*为植被生理特征参数,体现在水分不受限制时植被冠层传导水分的能力[18-19];PET为参考作物蒸散量,mm(由Penman-Monteith公式计算);β(s) 为土壤水分限制因子,是土壤相对含水率(s)的非线性函数。
地表径流主要受土壤入渗能力与降雨强度分布的影响,本研究采用Philip入渗公式与指数分布降雨强度模型相结合的方法,计算公式为:
RS¯=Pexp -KsP
式中:KS为土壤饱和导水率,cm/d;P为平均降雨强度,mm/h。
根据生态水文最优性假说,植被倾向于最大化利用可利用水资源,同时最小化水分胁迫。将上述分量代入水量平衡方程,通过对植被盖度(M)求导或直接联立方程,求得水分平衡状态下的理论最优盖度(M* )[20-21]:
M*=Ves0-ES¯kv*PET+EI¯M-ES¯
式中:Ve(s0)为临界土壤相对含水率s0下的生态系统有效水分供给量,mm,代表生长季内降水量扣除地表径流和深层渗漏后,真正能够留存在土壤中供生态系统(植被蒸腾和裸土蒸发)利用的总水量。
在状态空间中,植被水分需求曲线(water demand)与土壤水分供给曲线(water supply)的交点即为理论最优盖度(M* )。当实际盖度M趋近于M* 时,可认为系统达到生态水文平衡状态,此时水分利用效率达到最高且植被水分胁迫最小(图1)。
京津风沙源区是中国于2001年启动的京津风沙源治理工程所划定的生态修复区域。该区域包含北京、天津、河北、山西、陕西及内蒙古6省(区、市)的138个县(旗、市、区),总面积为7.06×105 km2。地理位置位于华北中部偏东,北起内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗,南至陕西定边县,西起内蒙古乌拉特后旗,东至内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗(36°49′~46°40′N,105°12′~121°01′E)(图2)。地形整体呈东南低、西北高的特点。气候分异明显[22-23],温度呈西南高东北低的趋势,而降水呈东南高西北低的趋势(图3)。绝大部分区域属于干旱半干旱气候,大陆性气候特征明显,且沙尘暴天气较多,是京津地区风沙的主要来源。沙化土地分布广泛,面积约为2.02×105 km2。
综合生物气候区划、自然地理特征、荒漠化发生要素相似性和行政区域的完整性等因素,参照Feng等[13]的研究成果,将研究区划分为5个生态功能区,分别为乌兰察布高原退化荒漠草原治理区(Ⅰ区)、鄂尔多斯高原沙化土地治理区(Ⅱ区)、浑善达克-科尔沁沙地沙化土地治理区(Ⅲ区)、锡林郭勒高原-乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区(Ⅳ区)、坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地水源涵养治理区(Ⅴ区)。
2001—2020年日平均气象数据来源于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF, https:∥www.ecmwf.int/)的第五代大气再分析数据集(ERA5)[24],空间分辨率为9 km。土壤数据来源于世界土壤数据库(https:∥www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-survey/soil-maps-and-databases/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12/en/)。植被类型数据来源于中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心(https:∥www.resdc.cn/)。用于验证模型的多年平均年最大植被覆盖度(FVC)数据由MOD13 A1产品提供的归一化植被指数(NDVI)获得。
利用Python编程环境及CDO(climate data operators)工具集对ERA5数据进行处理,提取生长季总降水量、生长季暴雨次数、单次暴雨强度、降水持续时间、降水间隔时间、裸土潜在蒸发率等关键气象因子。生长季为连续5 d日平均气温>5 ℃的日期。模型模拟非生长季降水、融雪和蒸发等水分循环过程得出,非生长季降水对次年生长季初始土壤含水量的补充。
土壤参数与植被参数的设置参考干旱半干旱的其他研究[25]成果,进行本地化配置,具体参数取值详见表1和表2。气象数据、土地利用数据和植被类型数据的空间分辨率统一设定为9 km。土地利用类型划分为针叶林、阔叶林、灌木林、草地和农田5种。针对不同土地利用类型,通过相关文献[26-27]确立动力消光系数、叶面积指数、茎部比例、水平风速、叶片剪切应力指数、叶片单元对风产生表面阻力的面数等关键生理参数。基于中国土壤特征数据集和相关文献[28]设定饱和导水率、土壤孔隙度、孔隙分布指数和土壤饱和基质势等土壤参数。
使用ArcGIS软件在研究区范围内选取随机生成100个样点(图4)。通过提取每个样点上Eagleson模型预测的FVC数据和MODIS 2001—2020年FVC的平均值进行回归分析,对比二者间的差异。
本研究将京津风沙源区的5个生态功能分区,即坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地水源涵养治理区、鄂尔多斯高原沙化土地治理区、浑善达克-科尔沁沙地沙化土地治理区、乌兰察布高原退化荒漠草原治理区和锡林郭勒高原-乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区作为气候分异的研究区域,分析各区域不同水分利用策略下的耦合效应。5个功能分区温度和降水差异明显(图3)。在各分区尺度上,对比分析针叶林、阔叶林、灌木林、草地和农田在截留、蒸腾及径流分配上的空间差异,阐明气候梯度下水分收支各分量的空间分异特征。通过对比5个生态功能分区的变量贡献率,得出气候驱动对植被-水文反馈在不同区域的影响,展示区域生态水文的耦合过程。
模型模拟的FVC在宏观尺度上由东南向西北的“森林-草原-荒漠”的过渡格局。在东南部的Ⅰ区植被盖度最高(0.92),体现出与当地充足的水热条件相匹配;而在西北部的Ⅳ、Ⅴ区,模拟盖度随着水分限制迅速下降。通过与MODIS实际植被盖度对比可见,两者在空间分布上具有高度一致性,表明模型对研究区植被-水文耦合关系的解析的可信度较高(图5)。
Eagleson模型预测值与MODIS多年平均FVC显著相关(R²=0.85),表明Eagleson模型在京津风沙源区具有很好的适用性,能够准确体现气候梯度与复杂地形,精准模拟水分条件对植被覆盖度的限制性。
图6为生长季气象因子,生长季总降水量呈由东南(最高791 mm)向西北(最低70 mm)递减趋势;与生长季总降水量空间分布趋势相似,生长季暴雨次数也表现出由东南(最高32次)向西北(最低10次)递减趋势,但递减梯度有一定差异;单次暴雨深与生长季总降水量在空间上呈高度的一致性,表现为从东南部的半湿润区(最高25 mm)向西北荒漠区(最低6 mm)逐级递减的梯度分布;暴雨次数在东南部最为频繁,而西北部边缘不仅雨量稀疏,且降水间隔时间明显拉长(18 d),表明西北部的植被面临更为严峻的水分胁迫;降水持续时间的空间异质性较小,但在区域尺度上仍保留受大陆性季风气候影响的微弱特征。裸土潜在蒸发率在西部毛乌素沙地及库布齐沙地周边达到峰值(最高6%)。“低降水、高蒸发”的分异决定Eagleson模型反演的西北部区域模拟盖度较低的空间分布。
受气候植被等条件制约,不同功能分区的生态水文分量差异明显(表3)。Ⅰ区的生长季总降水量(38.37 mm)和裸土潜在蒸发率(71.11%)均为最高,表明该区域水分条件较好,水分植被承载力较高。而Ⅳ区的生长季总降水量(18.44 mm)、暴雨持续时间(2.71 d)、裸土潜在蒸发率(50.62%)均为最低,表明该区域的水分条件较差,水分植被承载力较低。可见,水热条件决定该地区的水分植被承载力。
由图6、图7可知,生长季截留量与径流量的分布均表现出东南高,西北低的趋势,与生长季降水量的空间分布一致。表明降水高的地区,虽然植被截留量高,但径流量也高。
由图8可见,植被蒸腾量与总蒸散发量的空间分布一致,均表现为东南高、西北低的特征,而土壤蒸发量的分布相反,表明区域内的总蒸散发量主要由植被蒸腾量决定。由图6和图8对比可见,降水量高的地区,植被蒸腾量也高,反之亦然,表明在特定地区降水量决定植被蒸腾量。从整个研究区看,土壤蒸发量与植被蒸腾量呈相反趋势,是由于植被盖度高的地区,植被蒸腾量高但土壤蒸发量小。在干旱和半干旱区,蒸散发量主要由植被的蒸腾构成,土壤的蒸发仅占很小一部分。
不同植被类型在生长季的蒸腾耗水特性差异较大。结合表4数据可得知,乔木林与农田的耗水量处于较高水平,其中针叶林与阔叶林的蒸腾量分别为436.72、359.76 mm;农田蒸腾量较低,为353.98 mm。相比之下,天然植被中的灌木林(267.08 mm)与草地(250.03 mm)的耗水量较低。
从水分收支比例来看,植被截留蒸腾是区域降水消耗的主要途径,占生长季降水量的比率接近90.00%,而裸土蒸发占比不足10.00%。注意的是,针叶林与阔叶林的蒸腾比率分别高达96.52%和88.76%,说明在高郁闭度的乔木林下,绝大部分水分被植被生理活动所消耗。而在灌木林和草地区域,水分消耗的方差波动较大,体现出该类植被能够适应更宽的气候波动范围。综上所述,在气候干旱化背景下,灌木与草地具有比乔木更强的生存适应性和更低的水分依赖性。
图9为比较通过MODIS获得的FVC与Eagleson模型模拟的FVC得到的潜在盖度提升分布图。东南区域的差值较大,表明该区域的FVC有较大的提升空间,而在东北区域,差值很小,表明该区域的植被达到水分承载力。
表5为5个功能区各自的面积、达到植被水分承载力的面积比例及FVC可提升面积的比例。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ区,FVC分别为54%、28%、36%、20%、31%,平均可提升的比例分别为15%、9%、8%、6%、7%。各生态功能分区气候不同,导致各分区可提升的FVC差异明显。在东南部水分条件较好的Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区部分区域,FVC的提升幅度可达54%以上。Ⅰ区的实测值低于模型预测值15%,表明该区域实际FVC尚未达到理论水分承载力上限。相比之下,处于干旱地带的Ⅴ区,82.04%的面积达到植被水分承载力上限。上述结果表明,研究区植被盖度受气候水分条件的严格约束,部分地区已经达到水分植被承载力,继续增加FVC加剧区域水分亏缺。
由图3和图5的对比分析可见,随着降水量由东南向西北递减(从927 mm递减至78 mm),植被盖度表现出由森林向草原、荒漠过渡的梯度。该现象验证Eagleson(1978)关于“生态水文平衡”的理论—植被在长期进化过程中,其覆盖度演化至与当地水分供给相平衡的状态。
从水分收支的角度分析,气候分异对植被-水文耦合过程的控制体现为:第一,降水总量的东南-西北梯度直接限制各分区可供植被利用的水分总量。Ⅰ区生长季总降水量为Ⅳ区的2倍以上,该差异直接体现在两区的水分承载力上,Ⅰ区的理论最优盖度最高可达98%,而Ⅳ区仅有63%(表5)。第二,降水的时间分配(暴雨频率、间隔时间)影响水分的利用率。Ⅴ区虽然降水间隔最短(2.42 d),但因生长季总降水量较低且生长季最短(145.83 d),植被能够利用的有效水分仍然有限。第三,裸土潜在蒸发率的空间差异(从Ⅳ区的50.62%到Ⅰ区的71.11%)表明,在降水量相近的情况下,蒸发能力较强的区域裸土水分散失更快,加剧对植被的水分胁迫。
Eagleson模型准确地模拟京津风沙源区植被盖度(FVC)的空间分布格局,表明在干旱及半干旱地区,水分输入是决定植被生长格局的核心限制因子[29-30]。该模型基于统计-动力学框架,将气候(降水量、降水频率、潜在蒸散发)和土壤(饱和导水率、孔隙度)参数耦合,能够较好地体现出水分对植被覆盖度的影响。与传统的经验统计模型相比,Eagleson模型具有明确的物理基础,可为不同气候情景下的植被承载力预测提供支持[13-15]。
本研究存在的局限性为:首先,模型假设多年平均状态下土壤蓄水增量趋于零,该假设在短期或极端气候波动条件下可能不成立;其次,模型对非生长季水分过程的处理较为简化,尤其在积雪融水对深层土壤水分补给较为重要的高纬度地区,可能低估水分植被承载力;最后,模型只考虑“水分单因子”的限制作用,暂未考虑温度胁迫、养分限制及生物因子(如病虫害、种间竞争)等对植被覆盖度的影响[31]。未来可考虑将Eagleson模型与综合生态系统模型耦合,以更全面地评估植被恢复潜力。
在整个研究区的不同区域,Eagleson模型模拟的预测覆盖度与MODIS反演的覆盖度有明显分异(图4和表3),表明在有的区域植被盖度有提升的空间,也有部分地区达到水分植被承载力。在水源涵养治理区(Ⅰ区),实测值低于模型预测值,表明该地区尚有多余的水分,植被盖度仍具有一定的上升空间,可采用人工造林及封育措施恢复植被[32-33]。MODIS获取的Ⅰ区植被盖度低于模型预测的水分承载力(图9)。造成该结果的原因除水分条件外还与地形、气候和人为活动有关。该区域地形条件复杂,山地丘陵区坡度较大,土壤层薄且岩层较厚,限制植被根系的发育空间和土壤蓄水能力。该区域人为干扰较为明显,长期的农牧业活动、城镇化建设及矿产资源开发等因素也在一定程度上制约植被的自然恢复[34]。部分区域海拔较高、冬季低温持续时间长,非生长季的冻融交替可能对土壤结构和植被存活率产生不利影响。这些因素共同作用导致实际与模型预测的潜在植被盖度的差异,同时表明该区仍有较大的植被恢复潜力,但在实施中需综合考虑地形、土壤、气候及人类活动等多重因子的制约作用。
对于退化草原治理区,MODIS反演的覆盖度在局部地区超过理论预测的水分承载力上限。表明在干旱半干旱区内,过高的植被密度消耗更多的深层土壤水,导致土壤含水率大幅降低,甚至出现干层化现象,从而引发植被退化,该结果与国内关于黄土高原及北方风沙区气候与植被承载力的研究[29,35]观点一致。近年来,多项研究[14-15,36]也证实干旱区植被恢复存在水分阈值效应,当植被覆盖度超过该阈值后,生态系统的水分收支将从“盈余”转为“亏缺”,进而导致植被退化。因此,在该区域后续的生态修复工程中,应将目标由单纯提高FVC转为针对水分收支平衡的精准修复[37]。
在水分条件较好的Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,乔木林(针叶林和阔叶林)可保持较高的蒸腾强度,截留蒸腾量占降水比率的88%以上,植被-水文耦合“高输入-高消耗”模式为主。而在水分严重匮乏的Ⅳ区和Ⅴ区,植被以草地和低矮灌木为主,蒸腾强度较低,耦合模式转变为“低输入-低消耗”的节水型。该种不同气候条件下植被水分利用策略的差异,是Eagleson生态水文最优性理论[8-9]在空间尺度上的直接体现。
在生长季内,乔木林的植被截留与蒸腾耗水占降水比例的88%以上,说明森林生态系统对水分的需求极大(表2)。虽然乔木在防风固沙和减少地表径流方面具有优势,但在水分稀缺的干旱半干旱区,大面积种植乔木可能影响地下水补给,导致下游的水分资源减少。已有研究[13]利用GRACE卫星的重力数据发现,中国北方大规模植树造林区域的地下水储量呈下降趋势,进一步证明,乔木高耗水特性对区域水资源的潜在负面影响。与乔木相比,灌木与草地(分别为267.08、250.03 mm)的耗水量较低,且气候适应范围更广。在京津风沙源区的干旱半干旱区,采用灌木与草地结合的修复模式更为合理[38-39]。未来在研究区内进行生态修复时,在考虑植被的固沙功能的同时,还应考虑植被的水分消耗,优先考虑选用耗水较低、经济效应良好、适应性强的植被,以维持深层土壤水分平衡,使区域水资源、植被及社会生产发展具有可持续性。
1) 模型预测FVC与MODIS反演FVC的相关系数为0.85,很好地显示植被随降水梯度的空间分布规律,体现Eagleson生态水文物理模型的科学性。
2) 水分植被承载力具有明显的地域分异,不同地区植被盖度的提升空间不同。坝上高原及华北北部丘陵山地区、鄂尔多斯高原沙化土地治理区、浑善达克-科尔沁沙地沙化土地治理区、乌兰察布高原退化区及锡林郭勒高原-乌珠穆沁盆地退化草原治理区5个核心生态功能区的植被平均盖度分别为54%、28%、36%、20%、31%,平均可提升盖度分别为15%、9%、8%、6%、7%。
3) 生长季内的植被截留与蒸腾是降水消耗的主要途径(约占90%)。乔木林耗水量最高,针叶林与阔叶林的蒸腾量分别为436.72、359.76 mm,对降水的依赖性极强;灌木林与草地分别为267.08、250.03 mm,耗水量相对较低,在植被-水文耦合方面表现出更好的气候适应性。
4) 气候分异是驱动植被-水文耦合效应空间分异的根本因素。降水总量的东南-西北梯度影响各分区的水分承载力,降水时间影响各分区的水分有效利用率。在水分充裕的区域,植被-水文耦合以“高输入-高消耗”模式为主;在干旱区则表现为“低输入-低消耗”的节水型耦合模式。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305304-01)
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.028
  • 接收时间:2026-01-28
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-28
  • 修回日期:2026-03-25
  • 录用日期:2026-04-08
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国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1305304-01)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,呼和浩特 010011
    2.内蒙古自治区浑善达克规模化林场,呼和浩特 010020

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张成福(1966—),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事生态水文模型研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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