Article(id=1312009477499487212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1767628800000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-06, revisedDate=1773244800000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-12, acceptedDate=1774540800000, acceptedDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineDate=1790737035393, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790737035393, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790737035393, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790737035393, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312009474789958403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790737034746, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739471092, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=372, endPage=385, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312009477805671405, articleId=1312009477499487212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=EN, title=Evolution and Influencing Factors of Landscape Ecological Risk in Anhui Province under Multi-Objective Zoning, columnId=1312009477243626245, journalTitle=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, columnName=Basic Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study aims to scientifically delineate land use functional zones in Anhui Province, identify the key driving factors of landscape ecological risk, and reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and spatial conflict patterns of ecological risk, providing scientific support for regional ecological security and territorial space planning. Methods Taking Anhui Province as the study area, a land use functional zoning scheme was developed by integrating the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), Conefor, and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) models and applying the resistance threshold method. On this basis, This study combines the XGBoost model with the SHAP interpretation method to quantitatively analyze the effects of topographic conditions, climatic factors, and socio-economic factors on landscape ecological risks. Results 1)According to land use functions, Anhui Province can be divided into three core areas, among which the ecological protection core area accounts for 30.96%, the agricultural production core area accounts for 35.52%, and the construction and development core area accounts for 33.52%. Spatially, the three areas are respectively concentrated in the southern Anhui region, the northern Anhui region, and the urban agglomeration in central Anhui. 2) From 2000 to 2020, the overall landscape ecological risk in the region has been continuously intensifying, with the proportion of areas with high and very high risks increasing from 16.95% to 32.81%. In terms of spatial distribution, low-risk zones largely coincided with ecological protection zones, while high-risk zones were concentrated in construction development zones. 3) The analysis of influencing factors showed that topographic factors exerted the greatest influence on the provincial risk pattern. Climatic factors were the dominant factors in ecological protection and construction development zones, whereas socio-economic factors had the most significant influence on risk in agricultural production zones. 4) Ecological risk conflicts within the province were significant, with relatively high- and high-conflict zones accounting for 30.78%, mainly distributed in cities such as Anqing and Hefei. Conclusion Landscape ecological risk in Anhui Province shows an intensifying trend. The province is influenced by topographic factors, while different zones are driven by climatic and socio-economic factors, and high-risk zones are concentrated in construction development core zones. It is recommended to implement differentiated management strategies based on functional zoning, focusing on mitigating spatial conflicts in areas such as Anqing and Hefei to improve regional ecological security. The findings provide a scientific basis for the synergistic governance of territorial space planning and ecological risk.

, authors=Yunwen Zhao, Zhili Xu, authorsList=Yunwen Zhao, Zhili Xu, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhili Xu, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312009482264215553, articleId=1312009477499487212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=CN, title=多目标分区下安徽省景观生态风险演变与影响因素, columnId=1312009477407204103, journalTitle=水土保持学报, columnName=基础研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 科学划定安徽省土地利用功能分区,识别景观生态风险的关键驱动因子,揭示景观生态风险时空演变特征及空间冲突格局,为区域生态安全维护与国土空间规划提供科学支撑。 方法 以安徽省为研究区,整合MSPA模型、Conefor模型与最小累积阻力模型(MCR),利用阻力阈值法构建土地利用功能分区方案。在此基础上,将XGBoost模型与SHAP解释方法相结合,定量剖析地形条件、气候要素及社会经济因子对景观生态风险产生的作用效应。 结果 1)依据土地利用功能可将安徽省划分为三大核心区域,其中生态保护核心区占比30.96%,农业生产核心区占比35.52%,建设开发核心区占比33.52%;在空间分布上,三者分别集中分布于皖南地区、皖北区域及皖中城市群一带。2)2000—2020年,区域景观生态风险整体呈不断加剧态势,较高风险区与高风险区面积占比由16.95%上升至32.81%。空间分布上,低风险区与生态保护区高度重合,而高风险区集中于建设开发区。3) 影响因素分析显示,地形因素对全省风险格局影响最大,气候因素是生态保护区和建设开发区的主导因子,而社会经济因素对农业生产区的风险影响最为显著。4) 全省生态风险冲突显著,较高及高风险冲突区占比为30.78%,主要分布于安庆、合肥等市。 结论 安徽省景观生态风险呈加剧态势,全省主要受地形因素影响,各分区受气候和社会经济因素驱动,高风险区集聚于建设开发核心区。建议实施基于功能分区的差异化管控策略,重点缓解安庆、合肥等地的空间冲突,以提升区域生态安全水平。研究结果可为国土空间规划与生态风险协同治理提供科学依据。

, authors=赵云文, 徐志立, authorsList=赵云文, 徐志立, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=徐志立, authorNote=

赵云文(2003—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事景观生态研究。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
徐志立(1999—),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事土地利用变化研究。E-mail:
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赵云文(2003—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事景观生态研究。E-mail:

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articleId=1312009477499487212, language=CN, label=图8, caption=安徽省及各分区影响因子贡献度排序

注:X1~X10分别为高程、坡度、年平均气温、年平均降水量、蒸散发量、相对湿度、日照时长、GDP、人口密度和夜间灯光指数;Y为景观生态风险。下同。

, figureFileSmall=11UBcsO8n0T/cvehtwi/Cw==, figureFileBig=fO18U0qvTkJ1jkm3dXh+Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009486827618345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Interaction of influencing factors in Anhui Province and its zones, figureFileSmall=4BV5kn0mlWgb9oub4RFxdw==, figureFileBig=mkdNstC1xQPBYQRLQWpXTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009486966030378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=CN, label=图9, caption=安徽省及各分区影响因子交互作用, figureFileSmall=4BV5kn0mlWgb9oub4RFxdw==, figureFileBig=mkdNstC1xQPBYQRLQWpXTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009487054110763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Distribution of landscape ecological risk conflict zones in Anhui Province, figureFileSmall=G7T4Dh2dd4/QNgMJAOVZ5Q==, figureFileBig=wG0fIa3NDKErptHdEnxrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009487125413932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=CN, label=图10, caption=安徽省景观生态风险冲突区分布, figureFileSmall=G7T4Dh2dd4/QNgMJAOVZ5Q==, figureFileBig=wG0fIa3NDKErptHdEnxrJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009487213494317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Evaluation system for comprehensive ecological protection resistance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

生态保护

综合阻力

阻力因子高程/m坡度/(°)NDVI土地利用类型夜间灯光强度/(nW·cm-2·sr-1)
权重0.170.120.210.260.24

阻力

系数

1>800>200.8~1.0林地、水域<5
2500~80014~200.6~0.8草地5~20
3300~5009~140.4~0.6耕地20~40
4100~3003~90.2~0.4未利用地40~100
5<100<30~0.2建设用地>100

农业生产

综合阻力

阻力因子坡度/(°)土地利用类型日照时长/h降水量/mm距耕地距离/m
权重0.20.150.170.160.32

阻力

系数

1<3耕地1 733.42~2 044.19>1 600<1 000
23~8草地1 547.83~1 733.421 600~1 8001 000~2 000
38~14未利用地1 370.86~1 547.831 400~1 6002 000~3 000
414~21林地、水域1 185.27~1 370.861 000~1 4003 000~4 000
5>21建设用地943.56~1 185.27<1 000>4 000

建设开发

综合阻力

阻力因子高程/m坡度/(°)

夜间灯光强度/

(nW·cm-2·sr-1)

人口密度/

(人·km-2)

GDP/

(万元·km-2)

权重0.170.120.210.240.26

阻力

系数

1<100<3>100>60 000<180
2100~3003~940~10027 000~60 000180~900
3300~5009~1420~4010 000~27 000900~2 300
4500~80014~205~202 300~10 0002 300~5 000
5>800>20<5<2 300>5 000
), ArticleFig(id=1312009487284797486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

生态保护综合阻力评价体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

生态保护

综合阻力

阻力因子高程/m坡度/(°)NDVI土地利用类型夜间灯光强度/(nW·cm-2·sr-1)
权重0.170.120.210.260.24

阻力

系数

1>800>200.8~1.0林地、水域<5
2500~80014~200.6~0.8草地5~20
3300~5009~140.4~0.6耕地20~40
4100~3003~90.2~0.4未利用地40~100
5<100<30~0.2建设用地>100

农业生产

综合阻力

阻力因子坡度/(°)土地利用类型日照时长/h降水量/mm距耕地距离/m
权重0.20.150.170.160.32

阻力

系数

1<3耕地1 733.42~2 044.19>1 600<1 000
23~8草地1 547.83~1 733.421 600~1 8001 000~2 000
38~14未利用地1 370.86~1 547.831 400~1 6002 000~3 000
414~21林地、水域1 185.27~1 370.861 000~1 4003 000~4 000
5>21建设用地943.56~1 185.27<1 000>4 000

建设开发

综合阻力

阻力因子高程/m坡度/(°)

夜间灯光强度/

(nW·cm-2·sr-1)

人口密度/

(人·km-2)

GDP/

(万元·km-2)

权重0.170.120.210.240.26

阻力

系数

1<100<3>100>60 000<180
2100~3003~940~10027 000~60 000180~900
3300~5009~1420~4010 000~27 000900~2 300
4500~80014~205~202 300~10 0002 300~5 000
5>800>20<5<2 300>5 000
), ArticleFig(id=1312009487364489263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Land use functional zoning

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分区栅格属性主导功能

生态保护

核心区

111、112生态功能为主,农业生产、建设开发为辅

农业生产

核心区

221、211农业生产为主,生态保护、建设开发为辅

建设开发

核心区

222、122建设开发为主,生态保护、农业生产为辅
), ArticleFig(id=1312009487435792432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

土地利用功能分区

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
功能分区栅格属性主导功能

生态保护

核心区

111、112生态功能为主,农业生产、建设开发为辅

农业生产

核心区

221、211农业生产为主,生态保护、建设开发为辅

建设开发

核心区

222、122建设开发为主,生态保护、农业生产为辅
), ArticleFig(id=1312009487511289905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Area and proportion of landscape ecological risk levels in Anhui Province (2000-2020)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

风险区

等级

2000年2010年2020年
面积/km²占比/%面积/km²占比/%面积/km²占比/%
低23 525.7816.7824 767.0417.6717 935.3112.80
较低20 401.6914.5522 658.5216.1624 580.0417.54
中72 482.7651.7175 042.6453.5451 668.3936.86
较高20 875.6314.8915 172.3110.8237 601.9226.83
高2 885.512.062 530.871.818 385.725.98
), ArticleFig(id=1312009487574204466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

安徽省2000—2020年景观生态风险区等级面积及占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

风险区

等级

2000年2010年2020年
面积/km²占比/%面积/km²占比/%面积/km²占比/%
低23 525.7816.7824 767.0417.6717 935.3112.80
较低20 401.6914.5522 658.5216.1624 580.0417.54
中72 482.7651.7175 042.6453.5451 668.3936.86
较高20 875.6314.8915 172.3110.8237 601.9226.83
高2 885.512.062 530.871.818 385.725.98
), ArticleFig(id=1312009487637119027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Area proportion of different ecological risk conflict levels in Anhui Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生态风险冲突等级生态源地冲突生态廊道冲突生态夹点冲突全域冲突
低冲突1.9317.131.0214.51
较低冲突5.9027.4614.2923.79
中等冲突1.7036.9151.0230.93
较高冲突42.2217.3132.6521.23
高冲突48.241.201.029.55
), ArticleFig(id=1312009487704227892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009477499487212, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

安徽省生态风险冲突各等级面积占比 (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生态风险冲突等级生态源地冲突生态廊道冲突生态夹点冲突全域冲突
低冲突1.9317.131.0214.51
较低冲突5.9027.4614.2923.79
中等冲突1.7036.9151.0230.93
较高冲突42.2217.3132.6521.23
高冲突48.241.201.029.55
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多目标分区下安徽省景观生态风险演变与影响因素
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赵云文 , 徐志立
水土保持学报 | 基础研究 2026,40(4): 372-385
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水土保持学报 |基础研究 2026 , 40 (4) : 372 -385
多目标分区下安徽省景观生态风险演变与影响因素
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赵云文 , 徐志立
作者信息
  • 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥 230036
通讯作者:
徐志立(1999—),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事土地利用变化研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

赵云文(2003—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事景观生态研究。E-mail:

Evolution and Influencing Factors of Landscape Ecological Risk in Anhui Province under Multi-Objective Zoning
Yunwen Zhao , Zhili Xu
Affiliations
  • College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.019
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目的 科学划定安徽省土地利用功能分区,识别景观生态风险的关键驱动因子,揭示景观生态风险时空演变特征及空间冲突格局,为区域生态安全维护与国土空间规划提供科学支撑。 方法 以安徽省为研究区,整合MSPA模型、Conefor模型与最小累积阻力模型(MCR),利用阻力阈值法构建土地利用功能分区方案。在此基础上,将XGBoost模型与SHAP解释方法相结合,定量剖析地形条件、气候要素及社会经济因子对景观生态风险产生的作用效应。 结果 1)依据土地利用功能可将安徽省划分为三大核心区域,其中生态保护核心区占比30.96%,农业生产核心区占比35.52%,建设开发核心区占比33.52%;在空间分布上,三者分别集中分布于皖南地区、皖北区域及皖中城市群一带。2)2000—2020年,区域景观生态风险整体呈不断加剧态势,较高风险区与高风险区面积占比由16.95%上升至32.81%。空间分布上,低风险区与生态保护区高度重合,而高风险区集中于建设开发区。3) 影响因素分析显示,地形因素对全省风险格局影响最大,气候因素是生态保护区和建设开发区的主导因子,而社会经济因素对农业生产区的风险影响最为显著。4) 全省生态风险冲突显著,较高及高风险冲突区占比为30.78%,主要分布于安庆、合肥等市。 结论 安徽省景观生态风险呈加剧态势,全省主要受地形因素影响,各分区受气候和社会经济因素驱动,高风险区集聚于建设开发核心区。建议实施基于功能分区的差异化管控策略,重点缓解安庆、合肥等地的空间冲突,以提升区域生态安全水平。研究结果可为国土空间规划与生态风险协同治理提供科学依据。

土地利用功能分区  /  最小累积阻力模型  /  阻力阈值法  /  XGBoost模型  /  SHAP模型

Objective This study aims to scientifically delineate land use functional zones in Anhui Province, identify the key driving factors of landscape ecological risk, and reveal the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and spatial conflict patterns of ecological risk, providing scientific support for regional ecological security and territorial space planning. Methods Taking Anhui Province as the study area, a land use functional zoning scheme was developed by integrating the morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA), Conefor, and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) models and applying the resistance threshold method. On this basis, This study combines the XGBoost model with the SHAP interpretation method to quantitatively analyze the effects of topographic conditions, climatic factors, and socio-economic factors on landscape ecological risks. Results 1)According to land use functions, Anhui Province can be divided into three core areas, among which the ecological protection core area accounts for 30.96%, the agricultural production core area accounts for 35.52%, and the construction and development core area accounts for 33.52%. Spatially, the three areas are respectively concentrated in the southern Anhui region, the northern Anhui region, and the urban agglomeration in central Anhui. 2) From 2000 to 2020, the overall landscape ecological risk in the region has been continuously intensifying, with the proportion of areas with high and very high risks increasing from 16.95% to 32.81%. In terms of spatial distribution, low-risk zones largely coincided with ecological protection zones, while high-risk zones were concentrated in construction development zones. 3) The analysis of influencing factors showed that topographic factors exerted the greatest influence on the provincial risk pattern. Climatic factors were the dominant factors in ecological protection and construction development zones, whereas socio-economic factors had the most significant influence on risk in agricultural production zones. 4) Ecological risk conflicts within the province were significant, with relatively high- and high-conflict zones accounting for 30.78%, mainly distributed in cities such as Anqing and Hefei. Conclusion Landscape ecological risk in Anhui Province shows an intensifying trend. The province is influenced by topographic factors, while different zones are driven by climatic and socio-economic factors, and high-risk zones are concentrated in construction development core zones. It is recommended to implement differentiated management strategies based on functional zoning, focusing on mitigating spatial conflicts in areas such as Anqing and Hefei to improve regional ecological security. The findings provide a scientific basis for the synergistic governance of territorial space planning and ecological risk.

land use functional zoning  /  minimum cumulative resistance model  /  resistance threshold method  /  XGBoost model  /  SHAP model
赵云文, 徐志立. 多目标分区下安徽省景观生态风险演变与影响因素. 水土保持学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 372 -385 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.019
Yunwen Zhao, Zhili Xu. Evolution and Influencing Factors of Landscape Ecological Risk in Anhui Province under Multi-Objective Zoning[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026 , 40 (4) : 372 -385 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.019
在全球城市化加速与人口持续增长的双重驱动下,土地资源供需矛盾日益加剧,导致生态系统退化、生物多样性丧失及水土流失等环境问题频发[1]。如何统筹土地开发与生态保护,实现资源的最优配置,已成为区域可持续发展的核心议题。土地利用功能分区作为协调空间冲突、优化产业布局的关键手段,对于提升土地利用效率、保障生态安全具有重要意义[2]。特别是在生态文明建设背景下,基于多目标协同视角划定功能分区,构建韧性空间格局,是实现人类经济活动、农业生产与生态保护平衡发展的必然要求[3]。
目前,已有诸多研究[4-5]在土地利用功能分区及景观生态风险方面取得一定进展。土地利用功能分区从早期的资源环境承载力评价、适宜性评价,发展到近年来结合最小累积阻力模型及K-means聚类算法等方法划定功能分区[6]。景观生态风险则多从景观干扰度、脆弱度等方面进行评价。然而,现有研究[7]仍存在2方面有待深化的关键问题:其一,在土地利用功能分区视角,多数研究往往侧重于单一目标(如单纯的生态安全格局构建或城镇开发边界划定),缺乏对“生态保护-农业生产-建设开发”多维属性耦合的系统性考量;其二,在风险关联上,多关注全域尺度的景观生态风险评价,鲜有研究将视角移至具体的“功能分区”内部。由于不同功能区的主导功能存在显著差异,景观生态风险在不同分区内的影响因素往往具有显著差异,而该关键问题目前尚未得到充分的定量揭示。
在解析景观生态风险的影响因素方面,传统方法多采用多元线性回归、地理加权回归或地理探测器等模型[8]。然而,景观生态风险受自然环境本底与高强度人类活动的双重胁迫,其影响过程呈高度非线性和复杂交互特征,传统线性模型难以有效捕捉高维变量间的非线性响应关系。作为一种高效的梯度提升决策树算法,XGBoost模型在处理非线性关系和高维数据挖掘方面表现卓越[9]。结合SHAP可解释机器学习框架,能够有效打破机器学习的“黑箱”壁垒,直观量化各影响因素对景观生态风险的边际贡献,为精准识别风险成因提供新的方法路径[10]。
安徽省作为长江经济带的重要节点和中部崛起战略的枢纽,其地形地貌涵盖从皖北平原到皖中丘陵、再到皖南山地的复杂梯度,呈显著的空间梯度特征。在高强度的开发建设背景下,该省正面临土地资源配置失衡、生态廊道连通性受损等现实挑战,具有极强的研究典型性。鉴于此,本研究以安徽省为研究对象,从生态保护、农业生产和建设开发的多目标视角出发,以不同功能分区作为空间载体,以景观生态风险作为评价对象。科学识别多目标功能源地及最小阻力面,划定功能分区方案;评价2000—2020年景观生态风险的时空演变特征;耦合XGBoost与SHAP模型,定量揭示不同分区内风险演变的差异化驱动机制;识别景观生态风险的冲突区域。本研究旨在从多目标视角划定安徽省土地利用功能分区,并识别不同功能导向下的景观生态风险的关键影响因素,以期为区域国土空间的精细化管控与生态文明建设提供科学支撑。
安徽省(29°41′~34°38′N,114°54′~119°37′E)位于中国东部,长江中下游地区,地理位置优越(图1)。安徽省总面积14.01万km²,地形地貌复杂,包含平原、丘陵、山地和台地等类型[11]。安徽省水系资源丰富,境内有长江、淮河和新安江三大水系。皖南的黄山、九华山及大别山脉的延伸部分,构成安徽省独特的地貌景观[12]。省内交通便利,合宁、合武等高速铁路的建设,使得安徽省与周边省份的联系更加紧密,提高区域经济一体化程度。但在快速大规模城市化和一体化发展的同时,安徽省生态保护、农业生产和建设开发的矛盾也日益突出,景观生态风险加剧。
本研究所使用的土地利用数据源自武汉大学CLCD数据集(https:/zenodo.org/record/5 210 928),空间分辨率为30 m。DEM高程数据采用ASTER GDEM数据,空间分辨率为30 m,来源于中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(http:/www.resdc.cn),坡度数据则基于DEM高程数据在ArcGIS 10.8软件中处理生成。基础地理信息数据,涵盖NDVI、GDP、日照时长、人口密度、蒸散发量、相对湿度、夜间灯光、降水量、气温等指标,均来源于中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心(http:/www.resdc.cn)。距耕地距离数据,通过运用ArcGIS 10.8软件的欧氏距离工具计算获取。
生态保护源、农业生产源与建设开发源的内涵明确,生态保护源一般指生态服务功能突出、对区域生态安全格局具有关键支撑作用的核心生态区域[13]。农业生产源为农业生产基础条件优越、适宜耕地规模拓展的农业用地[14]。建设开发源则是开发建设强度较高,对区域城镇发展与工业经济增长起到重要带动作用的建设用地[15]。针对“源”景观的识别,本研究首先依托MSPA方法完成核心斑块的提取工作。在生态保护源筛选过程中,进一步借助ArcGIS 10.8软件将林地、草地与水域提取为前景要素并赋值为2,其余土地利用类型设为背景要素并赋值为1,进而转换为30×30 m的二值栅格图像开展后续识别与分析[16]。按照相同思路选取农业生产源时,同样运用ArcGIS 10.8软件提取耕地作为前景要素并赋值为2,其余用地类型作为背景要素并赋值为1。在建设开发源选取环节,运用ArcGIS 10.8软件提取建设用地作为前景要素并赋值为2,其余各类用地设定为背景并赋值为1。后续采用GuidosToolbox 3.3软件,遵循八邻域分析准则,将边缘宽度设定为1,经过一系列运算处理后,最终获取核心斑块等7类景观结构要素。在上述操作的基础上,本研究筛选出面积排名前50位的核心斑块,随后运用Conefor 2.6软件对斑块的连通性指数(dpc)进行量化计算,最终将dpc≥0.5的斑块界定为生态源地[17]。
基于已划定的各类扩张源地,参照既往相关文献的研究框架[18-19],分别构建针对生态保护、农业生产及建设开发三大维度的综合阻力评价体系。同时,结合文献[20-21]的研究思路与安徽省区域发展的实际情况,明确阻力评估因子、各因子的权重分配及对应的阻力系数值,并确立阻力系数与阻力水平呈负相关的原则,即阻力系数数值越低,代表其对应的阻力水平越小(表1、表2)。
最小累积阻力模型是一种能确定最小累积阻力的模型,主要是利用最小化的流体在各种运动状态下经受的摩擦阻力来确定最小累积阻力值[22],计算公式为:
MCR=f∑j=ni=m(DijRi)
式中:MCR为各源地斑块之间的最小累积阻力值;f为与物种迁移过程相关的正函数;Dij 为从源地j至空间单元i的空间距离;Ri 为空间单元i自身的阻力值。
采用阻力阈值法对不同用地功能的适宜性进行综合评价,依据各类用地最小累积阻力值的相对差异划分适宜性等级[23-24]。首先对3类用地对应的最小累积阻力值实施两两差值运算,再结合阻力差值的空间分布规律,最终明确各类用地的相对适宜性等级,其具体表达式为:
MCR1=MCR生态-MCR农业
MCR2=MCR生态-MCR城镇
MCR3=MCR农业-MCR城镇
式中:MCR1为生态保护与农业生产阻力的差值,若计算结果为正值,表明该地块生态保护阻力偏高,更适宜布局农业生产功能;反之,若差值为负,则意味着农业生产阻力更大,应优先划归生态保护用地。MCR2与MCR3的判别逻辑依此类推,分别对应建设开发与其他用地功能的比较分析。为便于后续空间分析,将上述3类阻力差值的计算结果进行重分类处理,统一划分为2个等级。其中,负值赋值为1,正值赋值为2。重分类后的结果分别记为M1、M2和M3,并基于此进行栅格层面的叠加运算,计算公式为:
V=M1×100+M2×10+M3
通过栅格层面的叠加运算,模型共生成111、112、122、211、221、222 共6种组合结果,依据上述组合结果的空间异质性,对安徽省全域进行土地利用功能的精准分区与划定(表2)。
景观生态风险评价的开展主要围绕景观干扰度与景观脆弱度2个核心维度展开。其中,景观干扰度(Si )作为一项综合性评价指数,其核心作用是表征不同区域在受到外界干扰作用后,所产生的生态系统损失程度及影响范围[25],计算公式为:
Si=aCi+bFi+cKi
式中:Ci 为景观破碎度指数;Fi 为景观分离度;Ki 为优势度;a、b、c分别为对应3项景观指数的权重分配,且满足权重之和为1(即a+b+c=1),结合本研究的实际分析需求,确定各权重取值为a=0.5,b=0.3,c=0.2[26]。
景观脆弱度指数(Vi)用于量化风险小区i内不同生态系统遭遇外力破坏时的难易程度与敏感性特征。景观生态风险指数(ERI)反映每个风险小区整体生态环境遭受损失的综合水平,该指数数值越高,表明对应区域的生态风险等级越高,计算公式为:
ERIi=∑i=1nApiAp×Si×Vi
式中:ERI i 为风险小区i的景观生态风险指数;Api 为第p个风险小区内第i类景观类型的面积;Ap 为第p个风险小区的面积。本研究结合安徽省景观类型的固有特征,将区域内的景观生态脆弱性划分为6个等级,并依据风险程度由高至低进行赋值:未利用地为6,水域为5,耕地为4,草地为3,林地为2,建设用地为1,在此基础上,通过归一化运算处理,最终求得各对应景观类型的脆弱度指数[27-29]。
以研究区行政边界为基准,采用10 km×10 km的渔网网格策略,将安徽省全域划分为共计4 123个风险评价单元,在完成每个风险小区的景观生态风险指数(ERI)测算工作之后,引入Kriging插值法进行空间插值分析,从而系统性地揭示研究区域景观生态风险的整体空间分布规律与特征。
采用可解释机器学习方法,通过构建极限梯度提升树(XGBoost)模型并结合SHAP解释方法,量化安徽省不同土地利用功能分区内地形、气候和社会经济对景观生态风险的影响与贡献度[30]。SHAP通过测算特征子集中所有特征值的贡献度,以此量化单个特征对模型最终输出结果产生的影响程度,计算公式为:
y=φ0+∑j=1mSHAP(xpq)
式中:xpq 为第p个特征中第q个具体的特征数值;y为景观生态风险指数的最终计算结果;φ0为该风险指数的样本平均值;而SHAP(xpq )用于反映特征变量q对风险指数y的具体贡献量与影响方向。SHAP的绝对值反映特征变量对目标变量的作用强度,绝对值越高,则表明该特征变量对景观生态风险的影响程度越大。当SHAP(xpq )>0时,意味着该特征因子的数值增加将推动景观生态风险的上升;反之,当SHAP(xpq )<0时,该影响因素数值的提升则致使景观生态风险下降。
在生态保护源景观的识别环节,依据核心斑块连通性指数(dpc)的具体数值,最终筛选出14个生态源地,总面积累计达到2 721.65 km²。由图2可知,具备良好连通性的生态源地主要集中在合肥、安庆、铜陵和六安市,涵盖巢湖自然保护区、升金湖国际重要湿地、安庆沿江湿地和大别山区等景观,其生态系统服务价值显著突出,是区域生态保育工作开展与周边生态环境防护的核心生态屏障。
在农业生产“源”核心区内,筛选出20个农业生产源地,其总面积约为2 250.13 km2。连通性较好的农业生产源地,主要集中于皖北地区的宿州、淮北、阜阳及亳州市。皖北区域耕地资源丰富,是安徽省重要的粮食主产区,承担着保障安徽省粮食供应与经济作物产出的多重职能,是省内农产品生产布局中具有战略意义的核心板块。
划定30个具备高经济发展潜能的斑块,以此作为建设开发的核心源地,总面积为2 230.15 km2(图2)。经济源地分布较为均匀,面积占比较高的区域主要集中在皖中,合肥、马鞍山和芜湖市均属于长三角城市群,对于周边市县的经济发展发挥着较强的辐射引领与带动效应。
由图3可知,安徽省生态保护、农业生产及建设开发综合阻力面。生态保护综合阻力面的空间布局呈南北低、中部高的显著分布格局。合肥市主城区、阜阳、亳州、淮南、淮北和宿州市呈高阻力分布的特征,其中最高阻力值达到3.812。而低阻力区域则主要集中在六安、安庆大别山区,皖南的池州、黄山和宣城等林地分布较多的区域,最低阻力值为1.110。
农业生产综合阻力面空间分布趋势较为零散。高阻力区域主要集聚在皖中和皖南地区,皖北地区呈点状分布。主要原因是皖北耕地较多,皖中和皖南经济发展迅速,建设用地居多,人类活动存在集聚现象。
建设开发综合阻力面呈北部和中部低、南部和西南部高的特点。安庆市北部、六安市南部、池州市东部、宣城市南部和黄山市等地表现为高阻力值约束,主要原因是林地分布较多,一定程度上制约经济的发展。阻力值最低的区域主要集中在合肥市主城区、马鞍山市、滁州市和芜湖市,该类城市属于长三角城市群,建设开发阻力约束较小。
在不同用地类型的扩张最小累积阻力模拟结果中,可清晰观察到安徽省生态保护相关的最小累积阻力值在空间分布上呈显著差异,整体表现为北部区域阻力值偏高、中部与南部区域阻力值偏低的空间分异特征(图4)。其中,高阻力区域主要聚集于皖北地区,是该区域耕地分布相对集中,而自然保护区等核心生态用地的占比较少,导致生态保护的阻力值较高。低阻力区域则主要集中在合肥、安庆、铜陵、芜湖等靠近长江的地市,且有巢湖、安庆沿江和升金湖等重要自然保护区分布,生态阻力整体表现为相对较低的水平,与之形成对比的是,农业生产用地的最小累积阻力值在空间上呈显著的“北低南高”分布格局。高阻力区域主要集中在黄山市,主要原因是黄山森林占比较大,难以进行农业生产。合肥、滁州、铜陵和六安市农业生产也有一定的高阻力值分布,主要原因是城市化水平的提升影响农业生产。建设开发用地的最小累积阻力值在空间维度上呈显著的“北部低、南部高”的空间分布特征。其中,高阻力值区域主要集中于安庆市西部、池州市南部及黄山市一带,意味着该区域建设开发的适宜性相对偏低;反观北部与中部地区,阻力值整体较低,在空间上更适宜进行建设开发布局。
基于不同目标类型的最小累积阻力值空间分布规律,安徽省生态保护适宜性较高的区域主要集中于合肥市、安庆市、铜陵市、池州市和芜湖市等自然保护区多、靠近长江水系的城市。农业生产适宜性高的区域主要集中在皖北地区,其丰富的耕地资源适宜农作物生产。建设开发适宜性高的区域分布较广,除安庆、池州和黄山市外阻力均较小。部分区域还存在多种用地功能均表现为适宜的空间重叠现象,其中,皖中地区是建设开发、生态保护和农业生产均适宜区域,皖北是农业生产和建设开发均适宜地区,皖南地区除黄山市外是生态保护和农业生产均适宜区域。
对安徽省国土空间主导功能进行识别,依据最小累积阻力阈值结果,结合三区三线限制要求,统筹考虑国土空间开发保护约束条件,将安徽省全域划分为生态保护核心区、农业生产核心区、建设开发核心区3类(图5)。生态保护核心区面积43 378.80 km²,占安徽省总面积的30.96%。主要集中于皖南地区,安徽省中部的六安、淮南、滁州和合肥市等地也占据一定比例。核心区内的生态系统普遍呈现出较高的原生性与完整性特征,对该类区域实施重点保护,有助于维系生态系统的自然演化过程与核心服务功能,诸如水源涵养、气候调节、土壤保持、生物多样性保育等关键生态功能,为区域生态安全筑牢基础。同时加强合肥巢湖湿地、安庆沿江自然保护区、升金湖国际重要湿地等重要生态区域的生态保护,保持皖南地区的高植被覆盖率,为全省的生态保护和治理起到辐射带动作用。
农业生产核心区面积49 760.84 km2,占安徽省全域面积的35.52%,总面积超过1/3。核心区主要集中于安徽省的北部区域,研究区中部和南部也有一定分布。主要是由于安徽省北部地区地势平坦,主要是淮河平原,耕地资源禀赋充裕,具备规模化农业生产的优越条件。结合其自身地理特征与资源优势,核心区在未来发展中应重点推动农业机械化进程,全面提升农业生产效率与现代化水平,优化农业种植结构,发展高附加值和特色农业,提高农业生产效率和质量。
建设开发核心区面积46 960.36 km2,占安徽省全域面积的33.52%。主要分布于安徽省中部,尤其是合肥市、铜陵市、马鞍山市、宣城市和芜湖市等地。该区域需充分发挥合肥市的辐射带动效能,通过统筹规划与建设产业园区,引导高新技术产业、先进制造业及现代服务业集聚发展,加速构建完善的产业链条,着力培育显著的产业集群效应;同时还应依托现代技术赋能传统产业,推动其进行数字化与智能化改造,助力产业转型升级。
由表3和图6可知,2000—2020年景观生态风险等级以中等级为主,景观生态高风险区逐渐增多,低风险区域逐渐减少。2000—2020年低风险区和较低风险区主要集中在生态保护核心区。中等风险区主要集中在农业生产核心区。较高风险区和高风险区主要集中在建设开发核心区。安徽省低景观生态风险区从2000年的16.78%变为2020年的12.80%,空间分布主要位于西部大别山区和南部林区。该区域分布有大片林地。得益于森林生态系统本身较高的稳定性与抗干扰能力,且该区域多数被划定为生态保护区,其景观生态风险整体较低。但2000—2020年低风险区仍逐渐减少,逐渐转移到较低风险区。较低风险区面积占比逐渐增多,从2000年的14.55%转为2020年的17.54%。中风险区从2000年的51.71%减少至2020年的36.86%。中风险区空间主要分布于皖北和皖中地区,皖北地区土地利用类型以耕地为主。农业活动常常伴随着农药和化肥的施用,易造成耕地土壤污染;同时耕地本身属于生态敏感性与脆弱性较高的景观类型,因此,该类区域的景观生态风险逐步升高。同样皖中地区随着经济的快速发展,景观生态风险加剧,中风险区逐渐转换为较高风险区。较高风险区和高风险区总体呈上升趋势,面积之和从2000年的16.95%上升到2020年的32.81%。空间分布主要以水域和建设用地为主的区域,位于皖中和皖南的长江段地区。
基于土地利用功能分区的视角,耦合XGBoost和SHAP模型进一步探讨不同主导功能区域内的景观生态风险变化的影响因素。选取高程、坡度、年平均气温、年平均降水量、蒸散发量、相对湿度、日照时长、GDP、人口密度和夜间灯光指数等,分别将其记为X1~X10,景观生态风险用Y表示。由图7可知,安徽省景观生态风险预测与测试集R²均超0.98,拟合精度高且无过拟合,模型稳健可靠。利用SHAP值特征图(图8)进一步量化影响因素与其相应重要性之间的关系。SHAP特征图中的每个数据点均对应一个实际研究样本,点的颜色用于表征影响因子数值的高低,影响因子数值越高,对应的数据点颜色越偏向红色;数值越低,数据点颜色则越偏向蓝色。
由图8可知,安徽省景观生态风险受到众多因素的影响,其中,地形因素中的X1高程对全省景观生态风险解释力最为显著,且为负相关。表明高程越高的地方景观生态风险越小,与图6西部大别山区和南部山区相对应。其次为X3年平均降水量,呈显著负相关。而解释力最小的为X7日照时长,呈正相关。总体来说,地形和社会经济因素对安徽省全域影响更为显著。
生态保护核心区中气候因素显著高于其他因素,其次是地形因素。景观生态风险解释力前5的依次为X3、X7、X1、X5、X2。其中X3与景观生态风险呈显著负相关。充足的降水可以促进植被的生长,植被根系可有效地固定土壤,减少土壤侵蚀和地表径流的形成。安徽省如黄山等山区,如果降水充足,植被的保护作用显著,可以有效防治水土流失,减少地质灾害风险,降低景观生态风险。
农业生产核心区中社会经济因素和地形因素显著高于气候因素,景观生态风险解释力前5的依次为X10、X5、X4、X2、X8。其中X10夜间灯光指数与景观生态风险呈显著负相关。在农业生产核心区,夜间灯光指数高可能意味着良好的基础设施建设,如农田灌溉系统、排水系统及土地管理系统。该类设施的完善能够减少农业生产对环境的不利影响,如防止土壤侵蚀、减少水资源浪费和保护生物多样性,从而降低景观生态风险。建设开发核心区中X3是主要影响因素,呈显著负向影响,其次是X1,解释力最小的为X6。
总体来看,气候因素(X3)是影响生态保护核心区、建设开发核心区景观生态风险的最主要因素,地形因素(X1)对安徽省全域景观生态风险影响最大,社会经济因素(X10)对农业生产核心区景观生态风险影响最大。
因子交互作用探测结果(图9)揭示不同功能分区内驱动因子对景观生态风险的协同作用机制。全省尺度上,地形与社会经济因子的交互作用最为显著,表现为高程对生态风险的自然调控效应与高强度人类活动干扰效应的非线性叠加。
分区域来看,生态保护核心区的主导交互因子为气候与地形。高程与降水量的强交互作用表明,该区高海拔地域良好的水热组合促进植被覆盖度的提升,从而显著降低景观生态风险;相对湿度与气温的协同作用也进一步证实气候适宜性对维持生态系统稳定性的关键意义。农业生产核心区受社会经济与自然因子的双重驱动。夜间灯光指数与GDP的交互增强,反映农业集约化与基础设施建设对区域生态压力的累积效应;而坡度与气温的交互作用则暗示特定地形气候条件下潜在的水土流失风险。在建设开发核心区,气候因子的交互作用呈较高的敏感性。降水量与高程的协同效应揭示低洼高密度建设区在极端气候条件下的洪涝灾害脆弱性,表明城镇化过程需重点关注气候韧性。
综上所述,未来的国土空间管控应因地制宜。生态保护核心区应强化高海拔水源涵养功能的协同保护;农业生产核心区需在经济发展与水土保持间寻求平衡;建设开发核心区则应在开发建设中充分考量气候适应性,降低复合生态风险。
最小累积阻力面的空间分布特征(图4)与安徽省土地利用现状(图1)表现出高度的空间一致性。其中,生态保护阻力低值区主要分布于林地、草地及重要湿地等生态源地,高值区则显著聚集于连片耕地区域;农业生产阻力低值区与基本农田的空间分布吻合度较高,其高值区主要由南部山地丘陵区构成;建设开发阻力低值区精准识别主要中心城区及建设用地密集区,而皖西大别山区与皖南山区则构成城镇拓展的显著高阻力屏障。表明最小累积阻力面结果具有较高的可靠性。
进一步将功能分区结果与“三区三线”划定方案进行比对发现,具有显著的空间对应关系。生态保护核心区与生态保护红线高度重叠,处于皖西和皖南的生态屏障;农业生产核心区主体位于皖北平原农业区,与永久基本农田保护红线及国家级农产品主产区范围高度契合;建设开发核心区集中分布于合肥都市圈及沿江城市带,与国家级和省级城市化地区走向一致。本研究划分的“三生”空间格局,有效响应规划中关于“构建高质量农业空间、优化绿色生态空间、形成协调发展城镇空间”的战略导向。因此,本文的分区结果在空间落位上符合安徽省国土空间管控的总体要求。
生态廊道作为信息传递、物种迁徙与能量流动的重要载体,同时具备隔离保护的关键生态功能[31-32]。本文借助Linkage Mapper中的Build Network and Map Linkages工具,完成生态廊道的提取工作。生态夹点特指生态廊道中电流密度最高的区域,是物种实现迁移交流的核心通道[33-34],其识别通常通过Linkage Mapper工具箱中的Pinchpoint Mapper模块完成[35-36]。经电流阈值分析共识别出生态夹点98个,总面积为298.59 km2。数量以3 km2以下为主,占比74.49%,空间分布以各生态廊道的交接点为主。>3 km2的夹点有25个,夹点总面积为213.28 km2。其中,最大的生态夹点位于安庆市,其他生态夹点均匀分布在皖中和皖南地区。将景观生态风险和生态源地、生态廊道、生态夹点分别进行叠加分析,得出各自冲突等级分区结果(图10)。
由表4可知,在生态源地方面,生态风险冲突主要以较高冲突和高冲突为主,面积占比之和达到90.46%。主要分布于皖中和皖南地区,土地利用类型以水域为主,大多是省内重要湿地。在生态廊道方面,生态风险冲突主要以中等冲突为主,面积占比为36.91%。但较高冲突和高冲突区也占比较大,经统计分析发现,主要分布于安庆、芜湖、淮南和合肥。在生态夹点方面,生态风险冲突主要以中等冲突为主,面积占比为51.02%。其次是较高冲突区域,面积占比为32.65%,主要分布于芜湖和安庆市。在全域冲突方面,生态风险冲突中较高冲突和高冲突之和为30.78%。面积占比前5的地市分别为安庆、合肥、芜湖、池州和铜陵。未来应推动跨区域的生态保护合作,建立联动机制,以整体协调的方式解决生态风险冲突问题,如共享生态监测数据、联合制定生态保护政策及共同实施生态恢复措施。
本研究筛选的安徽省生态源地分布与之前的研究[37]结果一致,即生态较好的区域主要集中在中部和南部,目标是选择生境和连通性较佳的斑块,其中中部的城市化水平较高。景观生态风险较高的区域大多位于皖中城市化水平较高的地区[38-39],与本研究结果类似。结合图1土地利用现状可知,本研究识别的土地利用功能分区合理。其中农业生产核心区土地利用类型主要为耕地,建设开发核心区土地利用类型主要为建设用地,生态保护核心区土地利用类型主要为林地、草地和水域。
研究还具有一定局限性:1) 识别的源地方法使用的是较为常见的MSPA和Conefor2.6软件结合的方法,今后研究可综合考虑生态系统服务功能与生态敏感性等综合评估方法。2) 在综合阻力面构建上,因子考虑可能不全面,后续研究可增加相关因子进行整合修正阻力面。3) 土地利用功能分区上,主要考虑生态保护核心区、农业生产核心区和建设开发核心区,但目前城市热环境研究也是研究的重点,后续可针对气候调节功能分区进行研究。
1) 研究将安徽省划分为生态保护核心区、农业生产核心区和建设开发核心区。生态保护核心区主要集中在皖南地区和皖中部分区域,面积为43 378.80 km²,占安徽省总面积的30.96%。农业生产核心区则分布在皖北地区,面积为49 760.84 km2,占安徽省全域面积的35.52%。建设开发核心区则集中于皖中及长三角城市群区域,面积为46 960.36 km2,占安徽省全域面积的33.52%。
2) 2000—2020年景观生态风险等级以中等级为主,景观生态高风险区逐渐增多,低风险区域逐渐减少。较高风险区和高风险区总体呈上升趋势,面积之和从2000年的16.95%上升到2020年的32.81%。2000—2020年低风险区和较低风险区主要集中在生态保护核心区。中等风险区主要集中在农业生产核心区。较高风险区和高风险区主要集中在建设开发核心区。
3) 研究耦合XGBoost和SHAP可解释模型发现,气候因素(年平均降水)是影响生态保护核心区、建设开发核心区景观生态风险的最主要因素。地形因素(高程)对安徽省全域景观生态风险的影响最大,在农业生产核心区,社会经济因素(夜间灯光指数)对景观生态风险的影响最显著。
4) 研究将景观生态风险和生态源地、生态廊道、生态夹点分别进行叠加分析发现,在全域冲突方面,生态风险冲突中较高冲突和高冲突之和为30.78%。面积占比前5的地市分别为安庆、合肥、芜湖、池州和铜陵市。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32071600)
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.019
  • 接收时间:2026-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-06
  • 修回日期:2026-03-12
  • 录用日期:2026-03-27
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32071600)
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    安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥 230036

通讯作者:

徐志立(1999—),男,博士,助理研究员,主要从事土地利用变化研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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