Article(id=1312009693061538124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1763568000000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-20, revisedDate=1767628800000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-06, acceptedDate=1772208000000, acceptedDateStr=2026-02-28, onlineDate=1790737086787, onlineDateStr=2026-09-30, pubDate=1787846400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1790737086787, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-09-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1790737086787, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1790737086787, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1312009474789958403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, year='2026', volume='40', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787846400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-28', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1790737034746, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1790739471092, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1312019693662204414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, issueId=1312009474789958403, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=465, endPage=476, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1312009693250281805, articleId=1312009693061538124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=EN, title=Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Cultivated Land Landscape Patterns in Five Major Economic Zones of Sichuan Province, columnId=1312009497527280559, journalTitle=Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, columnName=Data Science, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal differentiation patterns of cultivated land landscape from the provincial scale to economic zones in Sichuan Province, and to quantify the contributions and interactive effects of natural and socio-economic factors on landscape pattern changes. Methods Based on multi-source remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology, a spatiotemporal evolution model of landscape ecology was constructed on the ArcGIS and Fragstats platforms. Combined with the geodetector and entropy weight-TOPSIS method, the spatial heterogeneity characteristics and driving mechanisms of cultivated land landscape patterns in Sichuan Province and its five major economic zones from 2000 to 2022 were systematically analyzed. Results 1) From 2000 to 2022, the cultivated land in Sichuan Province generally showed a trend of scale reduction, fragmentation intensification, and connectivity decline. The area of dryland decreased by 13 961.0 km², with a higher reduction rate than that of paddy fields. The number of patches increased sharply, and landscape dominance continued to weaken. 2) The five major economic zones exhibited significant differences. The Chengdu Plain Economic Zone showed quantity reduction and shape fragmentation. The Western Sichuan Economic Zone presented paddy field expansion and dryland shrinkage. Both paddy fields and dryland in the Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone decreased by more than 19%. The area of dryland in the Southern Sichuan Economic Zone decreased by 11.58%, with local retention of core cultivated areas. The area of dryland in the Panxi Economic Zone decreased by 27.49%, with the highest degree of fragmentation. 3) In terms of driving mechanisms, the interactions between natural and socio-economic factors were dominated by two-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement effects. Among them, population density had the highest interactive explanatory power (0.97). The influence of human-driven factors generally increased across regions. Economically developed areas were mainly driven by urbanization and industrialization, ecologically sensitive areas were dominated by natural constraints and policy regulation, and traditional agricultural areas were trapped in a cycle of agricultural decline and population loss. Conclusion The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an ecological security pattern for cultivated land and differentiated management strategies in Sichuan Province, thereby supporting the sustainable use of cultivated land landscapes and the process of territorial spatial governance.

, authors=Xianjian Xie1, 2, Yiwei Lü1, An Huang2, authorsList=Xianjian Xie, Yiwei Lü, An Huang, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xianjian Xie, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1312009696735748443, articleId=1312009693061538124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, language=CN, title=四川省五大经济区耕地景观格局演变特征及其驱动因子, columnId=1312009499569906611, journalTitle=水土保持学报, columnName=数据科学, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 为揭示四川省从省域到经济区的耕地景观时空分异规律,量化自然与社会经济因素对格局变化的贡献及交互效应。 方法 基于多源遥感与GIS技术,在ArcGIS和Fragstats平台构建景观生态时空演变模型,结合地理探测器和熵权-TOPSIS法,系统解析2000—2022年四川省省域及五大经济区耕地景观格局的空间异质性特征及驱动机制。 结果 1) 2000—2022年四川省耕地整体呈“规模萎缩、破碎加剧、连通下降”趋势。旱地面积减少13 961.0 km²,缩减率高于水田,斑块数量激增,景观优势度持续削弱。2)五大经济区差异显著,成都平原经济区耕地“量减形碎”;川西经济区呈“水田增、旱地缩”;川东北经济区水田与旱地面积减幅均超19%;川南经济区旱地面积减少11.58%,局部保留核心耕作区;攀西经济区旱地面积减少27.49%,破碎化程度最高。3)驱动机制方面,自然与社会经济因子交互作用均以双因子增强及非线性增强为主,其中人口密度交互解释力最高(0.97)。人为驱动影响在各区域普遍增强,经济发达区受城镇化与工业化主导;生态敏感区以自然约束与政策调控为主;传统农区则陷入“农业衰退-人口流失”循环。 结论 研究结果可为四川省耕地生态安全格局构建与差异化管控提供理论依据,助力耕地景观可持续利用与国土空间治理进程。

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谢贤健(1978—),男,博士,教授,主要从事3S技术及应用研究。E-mail:

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Change of arable land area in China during the past 20 years and its policy implications[J].Journal of Natural Resources,1999,14(4):329-333., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1312009702645522832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, awardId=42201272, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(42201272), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1312009702716826001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, awardId=TJGZL-2025-04, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省社会科学重点研究基地沱江流域高质量发展研究中心项目(TJGZL-2025-04), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1312009702775546258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, awardId=X2024066, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省省级大创项目(X2024066), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1312009697163567452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009697176150365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, companyId=1312009697163567452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Geographic and Geomatics Sciences,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009697188733278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, companyId=1312009697163567452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.内江师范学院地理与测绘科学学院,四川 内江 641100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1312009697268425055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009697281007968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, companyId=1312009697268425055, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Public Administration,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1312009697289396577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, companyId=1312009697268425055, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安建筑科技大学公共管理学院,西安 710055)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1312009700988772732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Location of study area, figureFileSmall=VXJqacZNegj478LLSrsguQ==, figureFileBig=H8+hg1Kr7hOMSnJ6Rsz8Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701060075901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=图1, caption=研究区区位

注:本文所用四川省区位图来源于自然资源部标准地图底图(审图号:川S[2021]00015号)

, figureFileSmall=VXJqacZNegj478LLSrsguQ==, figureFileBig=H8+hg1Kr7hOMSnJ6Rsz8Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701244625278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Landscape indices of five major economic zones, figureFileSmall=KBMPSoKxJBBYrDpUTVhOLw==, figureFileBig=4zrlujVOAyHtO7hGmx1/ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701315928447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=图2, caption=五大经济区各景观指数, figureFileSmall=KBMPSoKxJBBYrDpUTVhOLw==, figureFileBig=4zrlujVOAyHtO7hGmx1/ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701387231616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Annual change rates of landscape indices in five major economic zones, figureFileSmall=L/7yEYm/jH+15t/4RAySUw==, figureFileBig=fUcAAnQaln/Oo7l99UJEtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701454340481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=图3, caption=五大经济区景观指数年变化率, figureFileSmall=L/7yEYm/jH+15t/4RAySUw==, figureFileBig=fUcAAnQaln/Oo7l99UJEtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701529837954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Contribution of influencing factors in five major economic zones from 2000 to 2022, figureFileSmall=TyDH1JXKqdy9XRvXSa3NPA==, figureFileBig=Jf3SXW+Jz1Aymn62x9SYTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701630501251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=图4, caption=2000—2022年五大经济区影响因子贡献度, figureFileSmall=TyDH1JXKqdy9XRvXSa3NPA==, figureFileBig=Jf3SXW+Jz1Aymn62x9SYTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701693415812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Contribution of natural and human influencing factors in five major economic zones from 2000 to 2022, figureFileSmall=oGPt+xDgup0SbQsuzaDZYw==, figureFileBig=3yXgOgRBZ1YbCJlVkOwrJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701760524677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=图5, caption=2000—2022年五大经济区自然与人文影响因子贡献度, figureFileSmall=oGPt+xDgup0SbQsuzaDZYw==, figureFileBig=3yXgOgRBZ1YbCJlVkOwrJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701831827846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Interaction detection of main driving factors of cultivated land evolution in five major economic zones from 2000 to 2022, figureFileSmall=lbgyL3H8KEvtPNUUFBWINg==, figureFileBig=sX2P+KJ2iTcE63AxQGNSMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701898936711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=图6, caption=2000—2022年五大经济区耕地演变主要驱动因子交互作用探测, figureFileSmall=lbgyL3H8KEvtPNUUFBWINg==, figureFileBig=sX2P+KJ2iTcE63AxQGNSMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1312009701978628488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Data types, contents, and sources of study area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型数据内容数据来源
土地利用2000年、2010年、2022年四川省卫星遥感影像(30 m×30 m)中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心[10]与地理空间数据云平台[11]
自然地理高程地理空间数据云平台[11]
坡度使用ArcGIS 10.8以DEM数据为基础通过表面分析算法得出
年降水、年平均气温中国气象数据网[12]
1∶100万中国土壤中国科学院南京土壤研究所[13]
四川省地貌类型国家地球系统科学数据中心[14]
社会经济人口密度、城镇化率、第一产业增加值、人均GDP中国人口普查数据与《四川省统计年鉴》[15]
其他国家基础地理信息系统[16]
), ArticleFig(id=1312009702045737353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

研究区数据类型、内容与来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据类型数据内容数据来源
土地利用2000年、2010年、2022年四川省卫星遥感影像(30 m×30 m)中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心[10]与地理空间数据云平台[11]
自然地理高程地理空间数据云平台[11]
坡度使用ArcGIS 10.8以DEM数据为基础通过表面分析算法得出
年降水、年平均气温中国气象数据网[12]
1∶100万中国土壤中国科学院南京土壤研究所[13]
四川省地貌类型国家地球系统科学数据中心[14]
社会经济人口密度、城镇化率、第一产业增加值、人均GDP中国人口普查数据与《四川省统计年鉴》[15]
其他国家基础地理信息系统[16]
), ArticleFig(id=1312009702121234826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Calculation and meanings of landscape indices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标计算公式含义说明
景观破碎度指数(Ci )[18]Ci=niAi景观破碎度指数用于描述景观空间结构复杂度,体现生态系统受干扰后从单一连续体向多尺度镶嵌体的演化。Ci 值越大,景观单元内部稳定性越低、斑块间异质性越高,反之则相反ni 为景观类型i的斑块数;Ai 为景观类型i的面积,hm2
景观分离度指数(Ni )[19]Ni=A2Ai×niAi该指数体现相同景观斑块的离散度与连通性。Ni 值越大,景观斑块越分散,空间复杂性和破碎化水平越高A为景观类型的总面积,hm2
景观分维数指数(Fi )[20]Fi=2ln(Pi4)lnAi该指数反映了景观斑块受到干扰后的变形程度,其值域为[1~2]。值越大形状越复杂,Fi <1.5表示简单;Fi =1.5表示布朗随机运动状态;Fi >1.5表示复杂Pi 为景观类型i的周长
景观干扰度指数[21]Ei=aCi+bNi+cFi该指数反映外界干扰对生态环境的影响。它由景观破碎度、分离指数、分维数等指数赋权累加而成,体现不同景观的干扰程度和空间结构复杂性。该指数与人类活动强度呈正相关,人类扰动越大,指数越大,生态风险越高a、b、c为各景观指数权重,结合前人[22-25]研究与研究区实际,破碎度、分离度、分维数分别为0.5、0.3、0.2

斑块所占景观面积

比例PLAND

PLAND=∑j=1naijA×100%某一斑块类型的总面积占整个景观面积的百分比aij 为第i类景观类型中第j个斑块的面积,m2;A为景观的总面积,hm2
最大斑块面积比例LPI/某一类型中最大斑块的面积占总面积的比例类型水平
蔓延度(CONTAG)/描述景观中不同斑块类型的团聚程度和蔓延趋势景观水平
香农多样性指数(SHDI)SHDI=-∑i=1mpi×ln pi基于信息理论的测量指数,能反映景观多样性m为斑块类型的总数;pi 为每个物种相对于个体总数的比例和
香农均匀度指数(SHEI)SHEI=-∑i=1mpi×ln piln m反映景观中各斑块在面积上分布的均匀程度m为斑块类型的总数;pi 为每个物种相对于个体总数的比例和
), ArticleFig(id=1312009702205120907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

景观指数的计算及含义

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标计算公式含义说明
景观破碎度指数(Ci )[18]Ci=niAi景观破碎度指数用于描述景观空间结构复杂度,体现生态系统受干扰后从单一连续体向多尺度镶嵌体的演化。Ci 值越大,景观单元内部稳定性越低、斑块间异质性越高,反之则相反ni 为景观类型i的斑块数;Ai 为景观类型i的面积,hm2
景观分离度指数(Ni )[19]Ni=A2Ai×niAi该指数体现相同景观斑块的离散度与连通性。Ni 值越大,景观斑块越分散,空间复杂性和破碎化水平越高A为景观类型的总面积,hm2
景观分维数指数(Fi )[20]Fi=2ln(Pi4)lnAi该指数反映了景观斑块受到干扰后的变形程度,其值域为[1~2]。值越大形状越复杂,Fi <1.5表示简单;Fi =1.5表示布朗随机运动状态;Fi >1.5表示复杂Pi 为景观类型i的周长
景观干扰度指数[21]Ei=aCi+bNi+cFi该指数反映外界干扰对生态环境的影响。它由景观破碎度、分离指数、分维数等指数赋权累加而成,体现不同景观的干扰程度和空间结构复杂性。该指数与人类活动强度呈正相关,人类扰动越大,指数越大,生态风险越高a、b、c为各景观指数权重,结合前人[22-25]研究与研究区实际,破碎度、分离度、分维数分别为0.5、0.3、0.2

斑块所占景观面积

比例PLAND

PLAND=∑j=1naijA×100%某一斑块类型的总面积占整个景观面积的百分比aij 为第i类景观类型中第j个斑块的面积,m2;A为景观的总面积,hm2
最大斑块面积比例LPI/某一类型中最大斑块的面积占总面积的比例类型水平
蔓延度(CONTAG)/描述景观中不同斑块类型的团聚程度和蔓延趋势景观水平
香农多样性指数(SHDI)SHDI=-∑i=1mpi×ln pi基于信息理论的测量指数,能反映景观多样性m为斑块类型的总数;pi 为每个物种相对于个体总数的比例和
香农均匀度指数(SHEI)SHEI=-∑i=1mpi×ln piln m反映景观中各斑块在面积上分布的均匀程度m为斑块类型的总数;pi 为每个物种相对于个体总数的比例和
), ArticleFig(id=1312009702309978508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Overall changes in cultivated land types in Sichuan Province

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耕地类型斑块类型面积/km2年变化率/%
2000年2010年2022年2000—2010年2010—2022年2000—2022年
水田43 577.2942 584.3036 428.41-0.02-0.14-0.16
旱地77 647.1976 891.9663 667.82-0.01-0.17-0.18
), ArticleFig(id=1312009702372893069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

四川省整体耕地类型变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耕地类型斑块类型面积/km2年变化率/%
2000年2010年2022年2000—2010年2010—2022年2000—2022年
水田43 577.2942 584.3036 428.41-0.02-0.14-0.16
旱地77 647.1976 891.9663 667.82-0.01-0.17-0.18
), ArticleFig(id=1312009702435807630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Calculation results of weights for different land-scape indices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指数类型信息熵值(e)信息效用值(d)权重系数(w)/%
斑块数量0.9030.09713.88
景观形状指数0.8610.14019.97
破碎度0.9400.0608.62
分离度0.9080.09213.11
分维数0.9610.0395.59
干扰度0.9130.08712.51
香农多样性指数0.9380.0628.92
香农均匀度指数0.9430.0578.09
最大斑块指数0.9530.0476.76
聚合度0.9860.0162.08
蔓延度0.9970.0030.48
), ArticleFig(id=1312009702511305103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1311385839672066169, articleId=1312009693061538124, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各景观指数权重计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指数类型信息熵值(e)信息效用值(d)权重系数(w)/%
斑块数量0.9030.09713.88
景观形状指数0.8610.14019.97
破碎度0.9400.0608.62
分离度0.9080.09213.11
分维数0.9610.0395.59
干扰度0.9130.08712.51
香农多样性指数0.9380.0628.92
香农均匀度指数0.9430.0578.09
最大斑块指数0.9530.0476.76
聚合度0.9860.0162.08
蔓延度0.9970.0030.48
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四川省五大经济区耕地景观格局演变特征及其驱动因子
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谢贤健 1, 2 , 吕奕葳 1 , 黄安 2
水土保持学报 | 数据科学 2026,40(4): 465-476
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水土保持学报 |数据科学 2026 , 40 (4) : 465 -476
四川省五大经济区耕地景观格局演变特征及其驱动因子
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谢贤健1, 2 , 吕奕葳1, 黄安2
作者信息
  • 1.内江师范学院地理与测绘科学学院,四川 内江 641100
  • 2.西安建筑科技大学公共管理学院,西安 710055
通讯作者:
谢贤健(1978—),男,博士,教授,主要从事3S技术及应用研究。E-mail:
作者简介:

谢贤健(1978—),男,博士,教授,主要从事3S技术及应用研究。E-mail:

Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Cultivated Land Landscape Patterns in Five Major Economic Zones of Sichuan Province
Xianjian Xie1, 2 , Yiwei Lü1, An Huang2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Geographic and Geomatics Sciences,Neijiang Normal University,Neijiang,Sichuan 641100,China
  • 2.School of Public Administration,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China
出版时间: 2026-08-28 doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.002
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目的 为揭示四川省从省域到经济区的耕地景观时空分异规律,量化自然与社会经济因素对格局变化的贡献及交互效应。 方法 基于多源遥感与GIS技术,在ArcGIS和Fragstats平台构建景观生态时空演变模型,结合地理探测器和熵权-TOPSIS法,系统解析2000—2022年四川省省域及五大经济区耕地景观格局的空间异质性特征及驱动机制。 结果 1) 2000—2022年四川省耕地整体呈“规模萎缩、破碎加剧、连通下降”趋势。旱地面积减少13 961.0 km²,缩减率高于水田,斑块数量激增,景观优势度持续削弱。2)五大经济区差异显著,成都平原经济区耕地“量减形碎”;川西经济区呈“水田增、旱地缩”;川东北经济区水田与旱地面积减幅均超19%;川南经济区旱地面积减少11.58%,局部保留核心耕作区;攀西经济区旱地面积减少27.49%,破碎化程度最高。3)驱动机制方面,自然与社会经济因子交互作用均以双因子增强及非线性增强为主,其中人口密度交互解释力最高(0.97)。人为驱动影响在各区域普遍增强,经济发达区受城镇化与工业化主导;生态敏感区以自然约束与政策调控为主;传统农区则陷入“农业衰退-人口流失”循环。 结论 研究结果可为四川省耕地生态安全格局构建与差异化管控提供理论依据,助力耕地景观可持续利用与国土空间治理进程。

四川省  /  耕地景观  /  时空演变  /  地理信息系统  /  地理探测器

Objective This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal differentiation patterns of cultivated land landscape from the provincial scale to economic zones in Sichuan Province, and to quantify the contributions and interactive effects of natural and socio-economic factors on landscape pattern changes. Methods Based on multi-source remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technology, a spatiotemporal evolution model of landscape ecology was constructed on the ArcGIS and Fragstats platforms. Combined with the geodetector and entropy weight-TOPSIS method, the spatial heterogeneity characteristics and driving mechanisms of cultivated land landscape patterns in Sichuan Province and its five major economic zones from 2000 to 2022 were systematically analyzed. Results 1) From 2000 to 2022, the cultivated land in Sichuan Province generally showed a trend of scale reduction, fragmentation intensification, and connectivity decline. The area of dryland decreased by 13 961.0 km², with a higher reduction rate than that of paddy fields. The number of patches increased sharply, and landscape dominance continued to weaken. 2) The five major economic zones exhibited significant differences. The Chengdu Plain Economic Zone showed quantity reduction and shape fragmentation. The Western Sichuan Economic Zone presented paddy field expansion and dryland shrinkage. Both paddy fields and dryland in the Northeast Sichuan Economic Zone decreased by more than 19%. The area of dryland in the Southern Sichuan Economic Zone decreased by 11.58%, with local retention of core cultivated areas. The area of dryland in the Panxi Economic Zone decreased by 27.49%, with the highest degree of fragmentation. 3) In terms of driving mechanisms, the interactions between natural and socio-economic factors were dominated by two-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement effects. Among them, population density had the highest interactive explanatory power (0.97). The influence of human-driven factors generally increased across regions. Economically developed areas were mainly driven by urbanization and industrialization, ecologically sensitive areas were dominated by natural constraints and policy regulation, and traditional agricultural areas were trapped in a cycle of agricultural decline and population loss. Conclusion The findings of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the construction of an ecological security pattern for cultivated land and differentiated management strategies in Sichuan Province, thereby supporting the sustainable use of cultivated land landscapes and the process of territorial spatial governance.

Sichuan Province  /  cultivated land landscape  /  spatiotemporal evolution  /  geographic information system  /  geodetector
谢贤健, 吕奕葳, 黄安. 四川省五大经济区耕地景观格局演变特征及其驱动因子. 水土保持学报, 2026 , 40 (4) : 465 -476 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.002
Xianjian Xie, Yiwei Lü, An Huang. Evolution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Cultivated Land Landscape Patterns in Five Major Economic Zones of Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2026 , 40 (4) : 465 -476 . DOI: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.002
耕地景观格局演变是自然与人类活动长期耦合的结果,其时空规律直接关系到粮食安全、生态平衡与区域发展。尤其在复杂地貌区域,受资源禀赋与功能定位差异影响,研究价值更为突出。全球范围内,人口增长和城市化加剧耕地扩张与生态破坏、优质耕地侵占与破碎化加深的双重矛盾[1]。气候变化导致的极端天气也持续影响着耕地适宜性格局,使相关研究成为全球粮食安全领域的焦点。我国作为人口与农业大国,耕地景观格局演变更具特殊性、复杂性。人多地少的国情与快速城镇化进程,进一步激化耕地保护与发展的矛盾。同时,“耕地红线”管控、高标准农田建设等政策与区域发展需求间的张力,以及东北规模化耕作区与西南破碎化耕地带等区域差异,均要求我国的耕地景观研究具备更强的针对性。
在国际上,关于区域耕地景观的研究更侧重于生态过程与土地利用变化的耦合机制。Beyer等[2]在《景观生态学》中构建了“斑块-廊道-基质”的理论框架,为景观格局的研究提供理论基础;Verburg等[3]和Strassburg等[4]开发的CLUE-S模型,实现区域耕地变化的情景预测,为景观可持续管理提供工具支持;Le等[5]的研究整合土地利用转型的驱动机制与空间模式,为多尺度耕地景观转型提供“驱动-模式-效应-调控”的系统分析模式。较国外而言,国内研究起步相对较晚,但近年来,随着遥感技术和地理信息系统的普及,中国学者在耕地景观格局量化分析与驱动机制方面取得显著进展。王涛等[6]基于遥感大数据解析其驱动机制,强调“格局-功能-福祉”链式效应评估;罗芳等[7]通过景观指数及PLUS模型揭示宜宾地区耕地细碎化特征,强调人地关系变化对景观格局的影响。但现有研究[8]仍存在局限,多源数据融合面临高精度数据时间序列不足、长时间序列数据空间分辨率粗糙的矛盾,难以支撑动态模拟;对自然-人文交互作用的表征局限于静态假设,忽略动态反馈机制与路径依赖特征[9],尤其在西南山地-丘陵-平原复合地貌区,针对功能分区差异化演变机制的解析仍显不足。
四川省作为我国西南地区的农业大省和生态屏障,其特有的山地-丘陵-平原复合地貌区特征,耕地资源的时空格局演变直接关系到区域粮食安全、生态安全与可持续发展。省内成都平原、川西、川东北、川南与攀西五大经济区在自然条件、资源禀赋、经济发展阶段与功能定位上存在显著差异,该差异性必然导致其耕地景观格局演变路径与驱动机制分异。因此,本研究通过以30 km网格为尺度、基于地理探测器交互探测,分区分析其演变特征、解析其驱动因子,有助于突破以往省域整体研究的笼统性,实现从“宏观描述”向“机制解构”的深化,为差异化、精准化的耕地保护与空间治理提供科学依据。
四川省(26°03′~34°19′N,97°21′~108°33′E)(图1)地处中国西南,地貌复杂且呈三级阶梯过渡,耕地分布具有东耕西牧的宏观特征。为深入研究耕地景观格局演变的区域差异,综合考虑地形、海拔及经济发展水平,将全省划分为成都平原(城镇化和农业集约化典型区)、川西(生态优先区)、川东北(劳动力外流与耕地撂荒突出区)、川南(资源开发与耕地保护矛盾区)及攀西(复杂地形与特色农业改造区)五大经济区。五大区域自然条件与发展模式差异显著,为探究耕地景观格局演变的多维度驱动机制提供有力样本与数据支撑。
本研究数据包括土地利用[10-11]、自然地理[11-14]、社会经济[15]及其他[16]4类(表1)。基于2000年、2010年及2022年3个时期的数据,涵盖土地利用、DEM、坡度、降水、气温、土壤、地貌类型、人口密度、城镇化率、第一产业增加值、人均GDP及区域基础信息等内容。土地利用数据为云量低于5%、地物特征清晰的人机交互解译成果,分辨率为30 m,分为耕地、林地、草地、水域、城乡建设用地和未利用地6个土地利用类型。所有数据在ArcGIS中统一采用Krasovsky_1 940_Albers投影与30 m分辨率,以确保分析的一致性与严谨性。
本研究采用网格化方法分析四川省耕地景观格局的空间分异规律。鉴于宏观特征解析难以揭示其演变机制,利用ArcMap 10.8的Fishnet工具,设置5~50 km多种网格尺度进行比较发现,较小网格易割裂耕地空间联系,较大网格则掩盖耕地细节特征。综合比较表明,30 km×30 km网格在平衡空间关联性表达与细节保留方面最优,既能有效反映耕地景观的空间连续性,又适应结构相对单一、渐变特征显著的格局分析需求,因此作为本研究的适宜分析尺度。
基于30 km×30 km网格单元的耕地斑块图斑,同时结合研究区实际及相关成果对比[6-7],选取斑块类型面积(class area, CA)、斑块所占景观面积比例(percent of landscape, PLAND)等作为反映耕地景观面积、数量、聚集程度的指标,基于遥感影像解译分类图,借助ArcGIS 10.8和Fragstats 3.3软件[17]分析景观水平动态变化规律,其中斑块面积CA、斑块数量(number of patches, NP)等可反映斑块破碎化程度,最大斑块指数(largest path index, LPI)能体现优势景观支配作用,各指数具体含义与公式见表2。
熵权法在计算耕地景观综合指数时,结合耕地景观格局演变特征,能基于耕地景观指标在时空演变中的实际变异程度客观赋权,避免主观因素干扰;对于在格局演变中变异程度大、能更敏感地反映耕地景观动态变化的指标,因信息熵小而被赋予更高权重,突出其在综合指数中的贡献,而对演变中变化平缓、信息贡献低的指标则赋予低权重,使构建的综合指数能更精准、客观地体现耕地景观格局的实际演变特征,为分析其动态规律提供科学的量化依据。
地理探测器是基于空间分异理论提出的统计学方法[25]。其核心原理在于若某一自变量对因变量存在决定性影响,则二者的空间分布应具有显著的一致性。该方法通过度量不同图层自变量与因变量在空间分异上的耦合程度,定量识别驱动因子及其交互作用[26]。模型具备处理数值与分类数据的双重能力,擅长解析多因子间的独立贡献及协同效应,为揭示复杂地理现象背后的驱动机制提供理论工具。本文运用其因子探测与交互探测模块,从自然基底、经济条件与社会生活3个维度遴选指标,系统探究耕地变化的驱动因素[27]。
因子探测。探测因变量Y的时空变化分异性,及探测某自变量因子X对变化属性Y的解释力,用q值来衡量,q的取值范围为[0,1],q值越大,表示自变量X对属性Y的解释能力越强,反之则弱。计算公式为:
q=1-1N∂2∑h=1LNh∂h2
式中:h=1,2,…,为具体的类型;L为变量Y或自变量X的分层,即分类或分区;Nh 及N为层h与全区单位数;∂2及∂h2分别为层h及全区Y值的方差。∑h=1LNh∂h2及1N∂2分别为层内方差之和及全区总方差。
交互作用探测用于识别并量化因子。Xi 与Xj 间的交互作用是否改变对因变量Y的解释力,2个评估因子间的交互作用可分为5类:q(X1∩X2)<min〔q(X1),q(X2)〕,非线性减弱;min〔q(X1),q(X2)〕<q(X1∩X2)<max〔q(X1),q(X2)〕,单因子非线性减弱;(q X1∩X2)>max〔(q X1),(q X2)〕,双因子增强;(q X1∩X2)=q(X1)+q(X2),相互独立;q(X1∩X2)>q(X1)+q(X2),非线性增强[24]。
四川省作为中国农业大省与西南生态屏障,其耕地景观格局的演变对其区域可持续发展起着至关重要的作用。在城镇化、生态工程、自然灾害及相关政策等多重因素的驱动下,四川省全省耕地近几十年来整体呈规模缩减、形态趋于复杂化,同时其破碎化程度进一步加剧。2000—2022年四川省水田、旱地等土地类型的面积均呈下降趋势,其中旱地面积减少趋势剧烈,共减少13 979.37 km2(表3)。
在耕地斑块面积逐年减少的同时,斑块数量逐年增多,且年变化率差异显著,面积缩减与数量激增的逆向动态,表明省域尺度上其耕地景观的破碎化程度正持续加剧。耕地斑块密度上升与平均斑块面积下降进一步佐证此趋势,直接揭示单个耕地斑块规模的普遍萎缩状态,不仅意味着耕地资源总量的流失,更在深层次上反映其耕地景观空间形态逐年趋于复杂、内部连通性减弱的细碎化特征。2项核心指数的联动变化,共同描绘四川省耕地景观在省域尺度上由整体向分散、由连续向破碎演变的时序规律,是四川省耕地景观格局演变过程中最为突出的特征之一。与近年来四川省区域城镇化扩张、基础设施建设占用及退耕还林等政策下耕地资源被分割、占用和内部结构调整密切相关。
四川省五大经济区因功能定位与资源禀赋差异,耕地景观格局演变呈鲜明区域特征(图2)。2000—2022年成都平原、川东北、攀西经济区水田与旱地面积持续减少,其中攀西旱地面积减少最显著,面积缩减2 879.24 km²,年均减少1.25%,破碎化程度最高。川西经济区水田增加,旱地则减少1 733.93 km²,呈先增后减态势,总体仍为负增长。
从驱动机制看,成都平原耕地减少主要受快速城镇化与基础设施建设直接影响,呈土地城镇化快于人口城镇化的粗放特征;川西经济区主要由生态保护政策驱动退耕,伴随发展模式向生态旅游转型;川东北与川南经济区受劳动力外流与农业结构调整主导,表现为乡村空心化引发的耕地边际化;攀西经济区则受工矿开发占用与生态退耕双重影响,形成“矿进田退”的替代关系,对耕地可持续利用造成复合压力。
由图2可知,五大经济区中,除川西经济区旱地外,水田与旱地的景观破碎化程度持续加剧。川西经济区旱地斑块总面积与数量同步减少,平均面积呈先升后降波动,表明其破碎度先短暂缓解后因耕地孤岛化而持续深化。各经济区水田和旱地的景观形状指数(LSI)与最大斑块指数(LPI)普遍下降,反映斑块趋于规整、景观控制力减弱,呈现“形态简化-优势度衰减”的协同退化特征。除川西经济区外,其余经济区水田与旱地的聚合度指数(AI)逐年下降,连通性持续减弱。川西经济区AI先增后减,说明其耕地空间格局经历从短暂集聚到持续分散的转变,主要受早期集中退耕与后期生态移民的影响。整体上,水田的分维度指数高于旱地,边界更复杂、空间更稳定。成都平原、川西、川东北、川南4个经济区的水田在分离度、破碎度与干扰度指数上均高于旱地,表明水田面临更显著的空间割裂与人为扰动。而攀西经济区则相反,旱地各项指数高于水田,主要受地形制约与人为活动影响,水田集中于平原灌溉区,旱地多分布于坡地、台地,受坡改梯与季节性撂荒影响,导致旱地景观更为细碎和脆弱。
图3为五大经济区耕地景观指数年变化率。总体来看,成都平原、川东北经济区的水田和旱地均呈规模萎缩、形态复杂化与空间离散化趋势。具体表现为斑块面积、聚合度等规模性指标下降,斑块数量与分维度指数上升,蔓延度降低,香农多样性及均匀度指数升高,表明耕地连通性减弱、核心区统领力下降、景观异质性增强。川西经济区水田各项指数多呈正增长,呈规模集聚特征;旱地则普遍呈负增长,持续萎缩离散,反映了“保水退旱”的生态适应性调整。其景观格局变化经历从退耕初期的异质化阶段,到后期生态重建主导的单一化过程。川南经济区耕地以结构性退化为主,2010年后受城市扩张与交通建设影响,变化加速,呈局部核心保留、整体趋于复杂与破碎的特征。攀西经济区则以大幅负增长为主导,旱地核心区持续消失,细碎化与复杂化程度不断加深,土地利用转型显著。该类变化共同揭示,不同经济区在自然条件、功能定位与人类活动交互作用下,耕地景观格局演变的差异化路径与驱动机制。
本研究采用基于熵权-TOPSIS的景观综合指数评估方法,对省域及五大经济区的耕地景观格局演变水平进行量化分析,为后续驱动因子识别提供核心变量支撑。选取斑块数量、景观形状指数、破碎度、分离度等11项关键指标,经逆向化与标准化预处理后,利用熵权法依据各指标在2000—2022年的实际变异情况确定权重,最终结合TOPSIS法计算得出耕地景观综合指数(表4)。
耕地景观格局受自然和人文条件制约,其中自然条件是基础。为深入研究四川省及五大经济区耕地景观格局时空演变的驱动因素,本文参考相关研究[28-30],基于自变量的可量化性、典型性等原则,结合耕地景观综合指数与自然、气候等因素的关联性,从自然、社会、经济多维度选取11个指标作为自变量[25],定量分析其对四川耕地景观综合指数的影响。具体指标包括高程(X1)、坡度(X2)、年降水量(X3)、年平均气温(X4)、土壤类型(X5)、地貌类型(X6)、人口密度(X7)、城镇化率(X8)、第一产业增加值(X9)、人均GDP(X10)和夜间灯光指数(X11)。其中坡度分为0°~3°、3°~5°、5°~8°、8°~15°、15°~25°、>25° 6类[25],土壤类型分为15个亚类[13],地貌类型[14]和其他自变量因子[25]均采用自然断点法分为5类。对11种景观指数的逆向化及标准化处理,基于熵权TOPSIS法得到其景观综合指数,并运用地理探测器模型量化自然与社会经济因子对四川省耕地景观格局演变的主导驱动力,解析其多方面耦合作用机制。利用地理探测器模型分析各因子对耕地景观指数的影响(图4)。
由图4可知,成都平原的驱动结构变化显著,自然因素贡献从2000年的68.09%下降,2022年人文因素贡献升至46.60%,人口密度(16.36%)和城镇化率(14.54%)成为主要驱动因子。川西经济区早期由自然因素主导,2022年人文因素贡献上升至37.64%,人口密度(13.99%)成为首要因素。川东北经济区人文因素贡献持续增强,2022年第一产业增加值(17.48%)和人口密度(16.34%)为核心驱动因子,夜间灯光指数影响凸显。川南经济区呈多因子均衡驱动特征,2022年土壤类型贡献率达14.98%,社会经济因素影响持续提升。攀西经济区自然因素贡献始终显著,人文因素贡献呈先升(2010年38.28%)后降(2022年34.12%)态势,地貌类型和坡度保持主导,人口密度始终是关键人文因子。各经济区耕地景观格局演变呈“自然约束持续、人文影响增强”的分异特征,人文驱动作用在多数区域持续深化。
总体来看,自然因素中,高程、坡度与地貌类型对四川省耕地景观格局演变的解释力最强。3种因素直接影响耕地的可使用性,进而决定斑块面积与数量分布;坡度还通过改变土壤流失、水分蒸发及日照条件影响耕地的空间聚合特征。社会经济因素中,人口密度、城镇化率与第一产业增加值等因素是主要驱动力。三者贡献度上升反映人类活动对耕地需求的增长,表明人类活动的复合驱动效应是耕地景观时空演变的核心来源。从总体贡献看,自然因素贡献度高于社会经济因素,是因为自然条件是生态系统形成与演变的基础,对耕地景观变化具有持续且关键的限制或增强作用。
由图5可知,除川西经济区外,坡度与人口密度始终是四大经济区的高强度驱动力;川西经济区则以地貌类型为主导。成都平原经济区的主驱动力由年降水转向人口密度,人口密度与城镇化率贡献波动最为显著,反映人类活动已成为该区域耕地景观变化的关键因素。川西经济区人口密度与第一产业增加值贡献波动较大,与其经济发展推动的人口增长和耕地需求上升直接相关。川东北经济区驱动结构稳定,坡度、人口密度和第一产业增加值为主要驱动力,呈传统农区的发展依赖特征。川南经济区以高程、坡度及人口密度为主导,2022年土壤类型贡献显著上升,年降水贡献下降,受成渝经济圈发展和气候变化共同影响,人类活动对景观的重构作用增强。攀西经济区地貌类型始终为主要驱动力,第一产业增加值与人均GDP波动显著,体现经济发展对耕地景观的间接调控作用。各经济区影响因子贡献度的变化趋势,定量验证四川省耕地利用驱动机制正由“自然本底控制”向“人文经济主导”转型,符合新型城镇化背景下人地关系协调发展的理论预期。
由主要驱动因子交互作用探测图(图6)可知,四川省耕地景观格局演变驱动因子中,双因子交互解释力大于单一因子,呈双因子增强或非线性增强,协同作用显著,空间驱动强度大幅提升,证实自然-人文要素协同强化耕地景观破碎化与空间异质性演变,也说明其时空演变是不同因子在同一时空下交互作用的结果,而非单一因子独立作用。
五大经济区耕地景观影响因子的交互作用具有显著区域差异,其核心逻辑随时间从“冲突”向“协同”或“平衡”演进。成都平原经济区多数因子交互作用持续较强。2000年以双因子增强为主(平均值0.82),其中“城镇化率-地貌”解释力达0.95,反映城市扩张对平坦耕地的选择性占用;2010年负交互作用增强(平均值0.80),表明城镇化加速引发耕地资源冲突;2022年正交互重构(平均值0.78),体现高人类活动强度下“冲突-调适”的动态平衡,交互平均值逐年下降说明因子协同由无序对抗转向有序适应。川西经济区受高寒山地制约,2000年社会与生态因子呈弱正交互(平均值0.79),呈“低干扰式依存”;2010年耕地保护与开发负交互加深;2022年部分正交互显现(平均值0.83),反映生态修复下“保护-发展”的局部协同,但自然条件仍制约交互活力。川东北经济区交互关联紧密,双因子增强作用突出。2000年自然因子正交互密集(平均值0.80),是耕地集中的主要协同力;2010年城镇化介入致负交互扩散(平均值0.76),核心耕作区统领力瓦解;2022年交互网络趋于复杂(平均值0.80),“第一产业增加值-人口密度”交互解释力高达0.92,凸显“农业衰退-人口外流”的恶性循环,反映农业区向城乡融合转型中的冲突升级。川南经济区呈工农复合特征。2000年工业与耕地因子正交互强(平均值0.86),体现工业化对耕地的依赖;2010年工业与土壤类型负交互达0.94(平均值0.88),反映工业污染与耕地冲突;2022年工业-自然因子负交互收窄(平均值0.86),耕地-自然因子正交互较强,体现“工业驱动-生态约束-绿色调适”的阶段性转型。攀西经济区以自然因子主导的双因子增强为主。2000年矿产开发推动耕地与经济因子强正交互;2010年耕地-自然因子交互达峰值(平均值0.86),生态破坏加剧;2022年光热资源与特色农业正交互崛起,反映该区域从“资源依赖-生态倒逼”向“产业转型-平衡发展”的轨迹转变。
横向对比分析,四川省五大经济区耕地景观格局的驱动机制呈显著分异与动态演进:成都平原由自然主导向人文驱动转型,成为高强度交互“热区”;川西在自然约束下向人文驱动过渡,呈“冷区”特征;川东北持续面临城乡发展矛盾,负交互作用扩张;川南与攀西则经历工业、资源开发与生态保护从冲突到调适的过程。总体上,各区驱动逻辑从“自然本底控制”向“人文经济主导”转变,交互作用由冲突无序逐步趋向协同平衡,共同体现差异化人地关系的动态演变路径。
综上所述,近20年来,四川省的坡度、地貌类型与人口密度、城镇化率、第一产业增加值的交互作用结果是耕地景观格局时空演变的主导因子,其他因子的交互作用对其影响虽有所差异,但均表现为双因子增强和非线性增强,即表明四川省耕地景观格局的演变是各个因素协同作用下的综合结果。
本研究揭示四川省耕地景观“规模缩减-破碎加剧-连通衰退”的整体演变趋势,与王涛等[6]提出的“格局-功能-福祉”链式效应结论相符,反映快速城镇化背景下耕地被侵占和切割的普遍规律。然而,本研究进一步发现,四川省旱地面积在2000—2022年减少约13 961.0 km²,斑块数量激增,平均斑块面积由127.65 km²下降至39.10 km²,表明耕地破碎化持续深化。尤其值得注意的是,景观指数呈“高变指数群”与“稳态指数群”的分化特征,与李秀彬[30]在华北平原发现的“破碎化与集约化同步增强”模式形成鲜明对比。究其原因,四川省在“山地-丘陵-平原”复合地貌及小农经营模式与生态退耕政策的叠加影响下,耕地系统优化弹性受限;而华北平原则受益于规模化农业,景观得以维持较高的集聚性。
五大经济区的差异化发展轨迹,凸显“功能定位-景观响应”的耦合规律。成都平原经济区耕地呈“量减形碎”趋势,但仍保留优质核心区,与王杰云等[22]的“城镇扩张与耕地核心区保护并存”的结论相吻合,体现经济优先的发展逻辑;川西经济区呈“水田集聚-旱地退缩”重构模式,呼应青藏高原东部生态保护政策的成效,与川西北高原“农牧系统完整性”研究形成空间呼应;川东北经济区耕地减少与人口流失同步加剧,印证了罗芳等[7]关于“劳动力外流导致耕地撂荒”的观点,并进一步凸显西南丘陵区人地关系的特殊冲突强度。
在驱动机制方面,地理探测器所揭示的“自然约束-人文驱动”机制,深化了王劲峰等[25]的因子交互理论,与李辉丹等[27]重庆坡耕地研究相比,四川“双因子增强”特征更显著,如经济区“城镇化率-人口密度”、生态区“坡度-政策”的差异化交互,为精准识别驱动核心提供依据。
基于30 km网格尺度解析复杂地貌区耕地景观的梯度分异特征,弥补多源数据时空分辨率矛盾的局限;通过“指数群动态”与“交互效应”的耦合分析,揭示耕地系统从“单因子驱动”到“多系统博弈”的演变逻辑,突破静态化假设的认知局限。
本研究仍存在一定的局限,一方面,景观指数的选取未完全涵盖生态系统服务功能的所有指标,对耕地景观演变的生态效应的量化不足;另一方面,地理探测器分析揭示耕地景观格局的静态驱动力结构,识别驱动因子的交互作用,但未能模拟其动态反馈过程。未来可在其质性结论基础上,构建耦合社会经济、生态环境与政策调控子系统的系统动力学模型并结合InVEST, Agent-Based等模型,从而对区域耕地系统的长期演变轨迹进行动态预测和多情景政策评估,提升对“格局-过程-功能”耦合机制的解析能力。尽管本研究通过“格局-驱动力”统计关联已间接支持耕地景观综合指数的有效性,但未来仍需通过分层抽样建立验证样点网络,实地测量田块结构与土壤属性等对应指标,并采用空间统计模型进行定量校准,从而提升其在精准保护与生态修复实践中的应用价值。
1)耕地景观呈“规模缩减-破碎化深化-连通性衰退”的整体特征。2000—2022年四川省水田面积从43 577.29 km²减少至36 428.41 km²,旱地面积减少13 979.37 km²;斑块数量由13.24万个增至20.77万个,平均斑块面积从94.26 km²减少至47.34 km²,斑块密度上升28.05%,最大斑块指数由2.47降至2.09,分离度、破碎度与干扰度均呈上升趋势,共同揭示耕地景观破碎化加剧、连通性衰退与人为干扰增强的综合特征,反映西南复合地貌区耕地系统脆弱性。
2)五大经济区耕地景观演变呈显著区域分异趋势。成都平原经济区城市化进程显著,核心耕作区统领力衰退;川西经济区水田年均增长1.76%,旱地减少28.28%,呈“保水退旱”的适应性重构;川东北经济区耕地斑块面积不断减少与第一产业增加值、人口密度同步降低,呈城乡转型被动适应的区域化特征;川南经济区的局部核心区斑块面积占比8.41%,破碎度上升2.30%,呈“破碎化加剧-局部核心保留”的矛盾特征;攀西经济区破碎度指数逐年下降,景观格局稳定性小幅增强,生态与经济发展矛盾有所缓解。
3)驱动机制体现“自然约束-人文驱动”的协同交互作用,自然因素为基础约束,社会经济因素为主要驱动因子,人为因素其权重随经济发展而递增,二者交互呈“双因子增强”与“非线性增强”特征。经济核心区以“人口密度-城镇化率”交互为主,生态区以“坡度-政策”“高程-生态修复”交互为主,传统农区则以“第一产业增加值-人口密度”交互为主。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(42201272)
  • 四川省社会科学重点研究基地沱江流域高质量发展研究中心项目(TJGZL-2025-04)
  • 四川省省级大创项目(X2024066)
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2026年第40卷第4期
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doi: 10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2026.04.002
  • 接收时间:2025-11-20
  • 首发时间:2026-09-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-28
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-20
  • 修回日期:2026-01-06
  • 录用日期:2026-02-28
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(42201272)
四川省社会科学重点研究基地沱江流域高质量发展研究中心项目(TJGZL-2025-04)
四川省省级大创项目(X2024066)
作者信息
    1.内江师范学院地理与测绘科学学院,四川 内江 641100
    2.西安建筑科技大学公共管理学院,西安 710055

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谢贤健(1978—),男,博士,教授,主要从事3S技术及应用研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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