Article(id=1259824980796293312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/1000-3207.2026.2025.0318, pmid=null, cstr=32229.14.SSSWXB.2025.0318, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757779200000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-14, revisedDate=1770566400000, revisedDateStr=2026-02-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778295281838, onlineDateStr=2026-05-09, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778295281838, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778295281838, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778295281838, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259824976404800325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, year='2026', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='052601-1', pageEnd='052618-200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778295280791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778295467894, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259825761310073651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259825761310073652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=052610-89, endPage=052610-101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259824981194752194, articleId=1259824980796293312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, language=EN, title=THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF FISH COMMUNITY DIVERSITY IN THE NATIONAL AQUATIC GERMPLASM RESOURCE RESERVE FOR ENDEMIC FISH OF HUISHUI RIVER IN THE EARLY STAGE OF THE FISHING BAN, columnId=1259824980112585657, journalTitle=Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, columnName=Ten-year Fishing Ban on the Yangtze River, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To understand the diversity characteristics and interannual variations of the fish community in the middle reaches and tributaries of the Huishui River during the early stage of the fishing ban, fish resource surveys were conducted from 2021 to 2023. A total of 59 fish species were collected, belonging to 40 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders. Among them, Cyprinidae fish were in an absolute dominant position, accounting for 67.80% of the total species, 89.22% of total abundance, and 91.65% of total biomass. The ecological types are dominated by benthic, omnivorous, and spawn-laying fish, with the proportions of species being 55.93%, 55.93%, and 44.07% respectively. Interannual characteristics showed that species richness ranged from 35 to 49, among which the common dominant species were Zacco platypus and Acrossocheilus fasciatus. The Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou index all showed a fluctuating upward trend overall, ranging from 4.18—5.34, 1.97—2.37, and 0.55—0.62, respectively, while the Simpson index showed a downward trend from 0.19 to 0.31. Cluster analysis showed that community structure in spring, summer, and winter of 2021 was similar, as was that in winter of 2022 and winter of 2023; all other sampling occasions grouped together. This suggests that community recovery followed distinct phases, with a unique response pattern in the early stage (2021). Spatially, the main stream and tributaries generally formed separate clusters, indicating that habitat-driven differences remained dominant. Overall, the recovery of community structure was driven by multiple factors under temporal dynamics, including habitat conditions and seasonal variation, exhibiting phased progression and spatial heterogeneity. This research clarifies the characteristics and diversity trends of the fish community in the Huishui River during the initial stage of the fishing ban, providing a basis for the assessment of the fishing ban effect and the scientific management of aquatic biological resources.

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为掌握禁捕初期徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落多样性特征及年际变化, 于2021—2023年连续3年开展鱼类资源调查, 共采集鱼类59种, 隶属于7目12科40属, 其中鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类占绝对优势, 其物种数占比为67.80%, 数量及生物量占比依次为89.22%和91.65%; 生态类型以底栖生活、杂食性和产沉性卵鱼类占优, 物种数占比依次为55.93%、55.93%和44.07%。年际特征显示, 鱼类物种数变幅为35—47种, 其中共有优势种为宽鳍鱲和条纹光唇鱼; Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数总体均呈波动上升趋势, 变幅依次为4.18—5.34、1.97—2.37、0.55—0.62; Simpson指数则呈下降趋势, 变幅为0.19—0.31。丰度−生物量曲线分析表明, 鱼类群落受干扰程度总体呈下降趋势。聚类分析显示, 时间上2021年春、夏、冬季群落结构相似, 2022年冬季和2023年冬季群落结构相似, 其他时间聚为一类, 表明恢复进程具有显著的阶段性特征, 恢复初期(2021年)的响应模式具有独特性。空间上干流和支流总体上各自聚为一类, 说明由基础生境特征驱动的群落差异仍然存在并占主导地位。整体来看, 群落结构恢复在时间动态下受生境条件、季节差异多因子共同驱动, 呈现阶段性、空间异质性等生态响应特征。本研究揭示了禁捕初期徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落特征及多样性变动趋势, 为支撑禁捕效果评估和水生生物资源科学管护提供了依据。

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刘凯(1980—), 男, 研究员; 研究方向为鱼类生态学及珍稀濒危物种保护。E-mail:
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唐振(1997—), 男, 硕士研究生; 研究方向为鱼类生态学。E-mail:

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figureFileBig=o4ov7rJwdb+M7K+unRGNzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825023636914816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=图1, caption=采样断面示意图[审图号:皖宣S(2022)17号], figureFileSmall=0jt03trRPkBfoiQCkoSJmg==, figureFileBig=o4ov7rJwdb+M7K+unRGNzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825025499185801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Quarterly changes in species diversity, figureFileSmall=uGUOlqvDcc6LXGBVim5B2Q==, figureFileBig=uEiaLW2u1+7OKftbyoFh0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825025876673165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=图2, caption=物种多样性季度变化, figureFileSmall=uGUOlqvDcc6LXGBVim5B2Q==, figureFileBig=uEiaLW2u1+7OKftbyoFh0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825026157691536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Interannual variation in species diversity, figureFileSmall=TZtyTaTWJM2ICAAKl+x8tQ==, figureFileBig=U3fqHZcqK6iz4BBBRV0New==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825026346435222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=图3, caption=物种多样性年际变化, figureFileSmall=TZtyTaTWJM2ICAAKl+x8tQ==, figureFileBig=U3fqHZcqK6iz4BBBRV0New==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825026556150426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Spatial changes in species diversity, figureFileSmall=JAkHbCzRorE5L2cjtnAznw==, figureFileBig=JdToj0NCop0B7cK65Dcc5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825027088827039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=图4, caption=物种多样性空间变化, figureFileSmall=JAkHbCzRorE5L2cjtnAznw==, figureFileBig=JdToj0NCop0B7cK65Dcc5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825027445342887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=ABC curves of fish communities, figureFileSmall=Ut3EyKigpcVSwljJ7hp7Cw==, figureFileBig=4A8fbyGCGk73ABjU5FD2dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825029148230318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=图5, caption=鱼类群落ABC曲线, figureFileSmall=Ut3EyKigpcVSwljJ7hp7Cw==, figureFileBig=4A8fbyGCGk73ABjU5FD2dw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825029446025909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Clustering and NMDS sequencing analysis of fish community structure, figureFileSmall=0l5a9lh1u+UTKnlDVmeqDw==, figureFileBig=FsWvOoZCARK0UWdHKmHHOw==, tableContent=null), 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The first row shows photos of the main stream habitat, while the second row shows photos of the tributary habitat

, figureFileSmall=OcUfW7BeEVcpfhWCCFOjTw==, figureFileBig=7cl1Fxsx03m62FP6Iiz4rQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825030452658891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The sampling site information

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样断面
Sampling site
水系
River system
地名
Geographic name
海拔
Altitude (m)
水深
Water depth (m)
经度
Longitude (°E)
纬度
Latitude (°N)
1干流
Main stream
榔坑村Langkeng Village1120.82118°25′14.15″30°25′35.31″
2下怡坦Xia Yitan1220.90118°25′40.81″30°23′4.68″
3南山叶家Nanshan Yejia1511.19118°27′54.55″30°21′11.63″
4蔡家桥镇政府下游
Downstream of Caijiaqiao Town Government
1430.55118°29′57.10″30°20′12.35″
5阮家坝Ruanjiaba1791.05118°32′11.86″30°18′18.75″
6江村大道桥下Under the Jiangcun Avenue Bridge1820.74118°32′38.56″30°18′01.26″
7旌德县农机局
Jingde County Agricultural Machinery Bureau
1800.48118°32′31.51″30°16′56.54″
8支流
Tributary
浩庄村Haozhuang Village1911.08118°33′44.42″30°16′37.35″
9杨村Yang Village1940.45118°33′51.98″30°16′51.95″
10赵家Zhaojia1960.73118°32′04.62″30°22′05.53″
11华丰村Huafeng Village1890.58118°32′23.77″30°19′26.49″
12新庄周家Xinzhuang Zhoujia2360.61118°30′10.99″30°17′58.50″
13龙山村Longshan Village1710.79118°23′16.58″30°22′24.23″
14模坦Motan1370.75118°24′28.30″30°21′12.39″
15庙首镇Miaoshou Town2000.71118°24′16.42″30°16′14.65″
16小岭村/碧云村Xiaoling Village/Biyun Village2461.02118°26′22.73″30°15′52.10″
17家溪Jiaxi3340.62118°25′53.91″30°14′36.55″
18上村Shang Village2720.75118°26′42.95″30°14′35.18″
19兴隆镇Xinglong Town1810.56118°20′50.80″30°21′04.40″
20榔村Lang Village1590.32118°22′37.25″30°20′21.46″
21大屋Dawu1750.46118°22′02.12″30°19′54.80″
), ArticleFig(id=1259825030796591824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采样断面信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采样断面
Sampling site
水系
River system
地名
Geographic name
海拔
Altitude (m)
水深
Water depth (m)
经度
Longitude (°E)
纬度
Latitude (°N)
1干流
Main stream
榔坑村Langkeng Village1120.82118°25′14.15″30°25′35.31″
2下怡坦Xia Yitan1220.90118°25′40.81″30°23′4.68″
3南山叶家Nanshan Yejia1511.19118°27′54.55″30°21′11.63″
4蔡家桥镇政府下游
Downstream of Caijiaqiao Town Government
1430.55118°29′57.10″30°20′12.35″
5阮家坝Ruanjiaba1791.05118°32′11.86″30°18′18.75″
6江村大道桥下Under the Jiangcun Avenue Bridge1820.74118°32′38.56″30°18′01.26″
7旌德县农机局
Jingde County Agricultural Machinery Bureau
1800.48118°32′31.51″30°16′56.54″
8支流
Tributary
浩庄村Haozhuang Village1911.08118°33′44.42″30°16′37.35″
9杨村Yang Village1940.45118°33′51.98″30°16′51.95″
10赵家Zhaojia1960.73118°32′04.62″30°22′05.53″
11华丰村Huafeng Village1890.58118°32′23.77″30°19′26.49″
12新庄周家Xinzhuang Zhoujia2360.61118°30′10.99″30°17′58.50″
13龙山村Longshan Village1710.79118°23′16.58″30°22′24.23″
14模坦Motan1370.75118°24′28.30″30°21′12.39″
15庙首镇Miaoshou Town2000.71118°24′16.42″30°16′14.65″
16小岭村/碧云村Xiaoling Village/Biyun Village2461.02118°26′22.73″30°15′52.10″
17家溪Jiaxi3340.62118°25′53.91″30°14′36.55″
18上村Shang Village2720.75118°26′42.95″30°14′35.18″
19兴隆镇Xinglong Town1810.56118°20′50.80″30°21′04.40″
20榔村Lang Village1590.32118°22′37.25″30°20′21.46″
21大屋Dawu1750.46118°22′02.12″30°19′54.80″
), ArticleFig(id=1259825031601898196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Dominant fish species in the middle reaches of the Huishui River and its tributaries

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类Species干流Main stream支流Tributary2021年2022年2023年整体Entirety
PN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRI
宽鳍鱲44.2433.05773049.3832.77821453.9924.37783640.3741.50818751.6529.72813747.5232.908042
1.134.906034.3013.7818094.4216.1318592.748.009212.666.537443.169.741290
条纹光唇鱼11.3015.9527279.6813.4219797.9311.35146912.6417.7327489.0413.51182510.2614.582248
圆吻鲴4.1113.1514800.474.93390.512.00124.9423.779571.788.68349
银鮈9.322.5810202.381.122004.481.383077.032.796082.370.931574.891.79445
), ArticleFig(id=1259825032004551390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

徽水河中游及支流水系优势鱼类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种类Species干流Main stream支流Tributary2021年2022年2023年整体Entirety
PN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRIPN (%)PW (%)IRI
宽鳍鱲44.2433.05773049.3832.77821453.9924.37783640.3741.50818751.6529.72813747.5232.908042
1.134.906034.3013.7818094.4216.1318592.748.009212.666.537443.169.741290
条纹光唇鱼11.3015.9527279.6813.4219797.9311.35146912.6417.7327489.0413.51182510.2614.582248
圆吻鲴4.1113.1514800.474.93390.512.00124.9423.779571.788.68349
银鮈9.322.5810202.381.122004.481.383077.032.796082.370.931574.891.79445
), ArticleFig(id=1259825033736798950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The main species composition and their average diversity differences that contribute to the variations in fish communities across different years in the protected area

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种Species平均差异度
Average dissimilarity (%)
贡献率
Contribution (%)
累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution (%)
2021—
2022
2021—
2023
2022—
2023
2021—
2022
2021—
2023
2022—
2023
2021—
2022
2021—
2023
2022—
2023
光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus2.512.32.386.846.256.346.8414.276.34
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma2.371.711.986.454.645.2613.2929.0923.93
银鮈Squalidus argentatus2.171.552.375.914.216.319.237.5412.65
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus1.941.821.645.284.964.3724.4924.4528.3
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis1.881.451.415.123.953.7729.645.5544.35
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis1.81.491.524.914.074.0534.5241.636.61
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus1.560.791.494.242.143.9838.7671.0540.59
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens1.520.941.314.132.553.4842.8964.4751.57
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus1.411.551.113.844.232.9546.7333.3263.67
花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus1.290.751.083.522.052.8850.2573.166.56
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi1.191.921.63.245.234.2653.4919.532.56
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis1.181.021.153.222.783.0756.7159.1354.64
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis1.151.261.143.133.423.0459.8456.3560.72
Carassius auratus1.051.441.42.873.913.7462.7149.4648.09
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus0.651.271.141.773.473.0476.1852.9357.69
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris0.462.952.261.258.026.0286.338.0218.66
), ArticleFig(id=1259825033929736937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

造成保护区不同年份鱼类群落差异的主要种类组成及其平均差异度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种Species平均差异度
Average dissimilarity (%)
贡献率
Contribution (%)
累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution (%)
2021—
2022
2021—
2023
2022—
2023
2021—
2022
2021—
2023
2022—
2023
2021—
2022
2021—
2023
2022—
2023
光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus2.512.32.386.846.256.346.8414.276.34
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma2.371.711.986.454.645.2613.2929.0923.93
银鮈Squalidus argentatus2.171.552.375.914.216.319.237.5412.65
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus1.941.821.645.284.964.3724.4924.4528.3
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis1.881.451.415.123.953.7729.645.5544.35
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis1.81.491.524.914.074.0534.5241.636.61
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus1.560.791.494.242.143.9838.7671.0540.59
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens1.520.941.314.132.553.4842.8964.4751.57
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus1.411.551.113.844.232.9546.7333.3263.67
花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus1.290.751.083.522.052.8850.2573.166.56
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi1.191.921.63.245.234.2653.4919.532.56
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis1.181.021.153.222.783.0756.7159.1354.64
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis1.151.261.143.133.423.0459.8456.3560.72
Carassius auratus1.051.441.42.873.913.7462.7149.4648.09
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus0.651.271.141.773.473.0476.1852.9357.69
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris0.462.952.261.258.026.0286.338.0218.66
), ArticleFig(id=1259825034227532531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The main species composition and their average diversity differences that contribute to the variations in fish communities across different spaces within protected areas

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种
Species
平均差异度
Average dissimilarity (%)
贡献率
Contribution (%)
累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution (%)
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus3.139.519.51
Carassius auratus1.855.6215.12
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus1.725.2220.34
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris1.494.5424.88
光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus1.384.1929.07
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis1.374.1533.22
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma1.33.9537.17
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis1.213.6940.86
银鮈Squalidus argentatus1.143.4644.31
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis1.013.0747.39
), ArticleFig(id=1259825034659545851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

造成保护区不同空间鱼类群落差异的主要种类组成及其平均差异度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种
Species
平均差异度
Average dissimilarity (%)
贡献率
Contribution (%)
累积贡献率
Cumulative contribution (%)
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus3.139.519.51
Carassius auratus1.855.6215.12
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus1.725.2220.34
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris1.494.5424.88
光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus1.384.1929.07
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis1.374.1533.22
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma1.33.9537.17
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis1.213.6940.86
银鮈Squalidus argentatus1.143.4644.31
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis1.013.0747.39
), ArticleFig(id=1259825034974118657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Temporal similarity of fish communities in the middle reaches of the Huishui River and its tributaries

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time2021春2021夏2021秋2021冬2022春2022夏2022秋2022冬2023春2023夏2023秋2023冬
2021春Spring 2021/0.570.630.640.570.510.460.500.530.590.500.46
2021夏Summer 20210.57/0.580.520.570.650.500.500.530.580.380.42
2021秋Autumn 20210.630.58/0.640.630.530.550.520.620.650.560.48
2021冬Winter 20210.640.520.64/0.640.430.460.560.530.540.500.52
2022春Spring 20220.570.570.630.64/0.470.540.550.570.590.550.52
2022夏Summer 20220.510.650.530.430.47/0.500.460.490.450.400.39
2022秋Autumn 20220.460.500.550.460.540.50/0.530.630.510.560.55
2022冬Winter 20220.500.500.520.560.550.460.53/0.510.420.490.75
2023春Spring 20230.530.530.620.530.570.490.630.51/0.580.550.49
2023夏Summer 20230.590.580.650.540.590.450.510.420.58/0.560.43
2023秋Autumn 20220.500.380.560.500.550.400.560.490.550.56/0.50
2023冬Winter 20230.460.420.480.520.520.390.550.750.490.430.50/
), ArticleFig(id=1259825035452269319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落时间相似性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间Time2021春2021夏2021秋2021冬2022春2022夏2022秋2022冬2023春2023夏2023秋2023冬
2021春Spring 2021/0.570.630.640.570.510.460.500.530.590.500.46
2021夏Summer 20210.57/0.580.520.570.650.500.500.530.580.380.42
2021秋Autumn 20210.630.58/0.640.630.530.550.520.620.650.560.48
2021冬Winter 20210.640.520.64/0.640.430.460.560.530.540.500.52
2022春Spring 20220.570.570.630.64/0.470.540.550.570.590.550.52
2022夏Summer 20220.510.650.530.430.47/0.500.460.490.450.400.39
2022秋Autumn 20220.460.500.550.460.540.50/0.530.630.510.560.55
2022冬Winter 20220.500.500.520.560.550.460.53/0.510.420.490.75
2023春Spring 20230.530.530.620.530.570.490.630.51/0.580.550.49
2023夏Summer 20230.590.580.650.540.590.450.510.420.58/0.560.43
2023秋Autumn 20220.500.380.560.500.550.400.560.490.550.56/0.50
2023冬Winter 20230.460.420.480.520.520.390.550.750.490.430.50/
), ArticleFig(id=1259825035632624396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Spatial similarity of fish communities in the middle reaches of the Huishui River and its tributaries

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空间Space2021干流
2021 main stream
2021支流
2021 tributary
2022干流
2022 main stream
2022支流
2022 tributary
2023干流
2023 main stream
2023支流
2023 tributary
2021干流2021 main stream/0.690.500.510.610.54
2021支流2021 tributary0.69/0.580.560.610.62
2022干流2022 main stream0.500.58/0.570.710.53
2022支流2022 tributary0.510.560.57/0.570.54
2023干流2023 main stream0.610.610.710.57/0.67
2023支流2023 tributary0.540.620.530.540.67/
), ArticleFig(id=1259825035951391505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落空间相似性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
空间Space2021干流
2021 main stream
2021支流
2021 tributary
2022干流
2022 main stream
2022支流
2022 tributary
2023干流
2023 main stream
2023支流
2023 tributary
2021干流2021 main stream/0.690.500.510.610.54
2021支流2021 tributary0.69/0.580.560.610.62
2022干流2022 main stream0.500.58/0.570.710.53
2022支流2022 tributary0.510.560.57/0.570.54
2023干流2023 main stream0.610.610.710.57/0.67
2023支流2023 tributary0.540.620.530.540.67/
), ArticleFig(id=1259825036244992791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.S1, caption=

List of Fish Species in the middle reaches of the Huishui River and its tributaries from 2021 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种Species调查年份Survey year生态类型Ecological type
2019年[21]2021年2022年2023年栖息水层Location产卵类型Spawning type食性Food type
鲤形目Cypriniformes
鲤科Cyprinidae
马口鱼属Opsariichthys
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens++++UDO
长鳍马口鱲Opsariichthys evolans+UDO
鱲属Zacco
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus++++UDO
草鱼属Ctenopharyngodon
草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus+LS—PH
鱥属Rhynchocypris
尖头鱥Rhynchocypris oxycephalus+LVO
䱗属Hemiculter
Hemiculter leucisculus+++UDO
贝氏䱗Hemiculter bleekeri+UDO
华鳊属Sinibrama
大眼华鳊Sinibrama macrops*+US—PO
圆吻鲴属Distoechodon
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris++LS—PO
鳙属Aristichthys
Aristichthys nobilis+US—PC
鲢属Hypophthalmichthys
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix+US—PH
鱊属Acheilognathus
短须鱊Acheilognathus barbatulus++LSO
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis++++LSO
大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus+LSO
鳑鲏属Rhodeus
方氏鳑鲏Rhodeus fangi+LSO
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus++++LSO
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis+++LSO
棒花鱼属Abbottina
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis++++BDO
颌须鮈属Gnathopogon
短须颌须鮈Gnathopogon imberbis+LDO
䱻属Hemibarbus
唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo+++BDC
花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus++BDC
胡鮈属Huigobio
胡鮈Huigobio chenhsienensis+BVO
小鳔鮈属Microphysogobio
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis++++BS—PO
建德小鳔鮈Microphysogobio tafangensis++BS—PO
麦穗鱼属Pseudorasbora
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva++++LVO
吻鮈属Rhinogobio
吻鮈Rhinogobio typus++BS—PO
鳈属Sarcocheilichthys
黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis+++LS—PO
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus++++LVO
蛇鮈属Saurogobio
蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi+++BS—PO
银鮈属Squalidus
银鮈Squalidus argentatus++++LS—PO
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi++LS—PO
鲫属Carassius
Carassius auratus++++LVO
鲤属Cyprinus
Cyprinus carpio++++BVO
光唇鱼属Acrossocheilus
条纹光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus++++LS—PO
花鳅科Cobitidae
花鳅属Protocobitis
稀有花鳅Cobitis rara++BS—PO
中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis++++BS—PO
泥鳅属Misgurnus
泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus++++BDO
副泥鳅属Paramisgurnus
大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus+BDO
薄鳅属Leptobotia
美尾薄鳅Leptobotia bellacauda+BVC
桂林薄鳅Leptobotia guilinensis+BVO
副沙鳅属Parabotia
武昌副沙鳅Parabotia banarescui++BS—PC
爬鳅科Balitoridae
原缨口鳅属Vanmanenia
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma++++BDO
鲇形目Siluriformes
鲇科Siluridae
鲇属Clarias
Silurus asotus+++BDC
南方鲇Silurus meriordinalis+BDC
鲿科Bagridae
黄颡鱼属Pelteobagrus
长须黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus eupogon++BDC
黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco+++BDC
瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachelli+BDC
拟鲿属Pseudobagrus
白边拟鲿Pseudobagrus albomarginatus+BDC
盎堂拟鲿Pseudobagrus ondan+BDC
条纹拟鲿Pseudobagrus taeniatus+++BDC
圆尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus tenuis++BDC
切尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus truncatus+++BDC
乌苏里拟鲿Pseudobagrus ussuriensis+BDC
合鳃鱼目Symbranchiformes
合鳃鱼科Synbranchidae
黄鳝属Monopterus
黄鳝Monopterus albus++++BDC
刺鳅科Mastacembelidae
中华刺鳅属Sinobdella
中华刺鳅Sinobdella sinensis+++BVC
鲈形目Perciformes
鮨科Serranidae
鳜属Siniperca
Siniperca chuatsi+LPC
虾虎鱼目Gobiiformes
塘鳢科Eleotridae
小黄䱂鱼属Micropercops Fowler
小黄䱂Micropercops swinhonis+LDO
沙塘鳢属Odontobutis
河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophilus++++BVC
吻虾虎鱼属Rhinogobius
波氏吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius cliffordpopei+++BDC
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus++++BDC
攀鲈目Anabantiformes
鳢科Channidae
鳢属Channa
乌鳢Channa argus+++BPC
鳉形目Cyprinodontiformes
青鳉科Adrianichthyidae
青鳉属Oryzias
中华青鳉Oryzias sinensis+UVO
胎鳉科Poeciliidae
食蚊鱼属Gambusia
食蚊鱼Gambusia affinis*+UVC
), ArticleFig(id=1259825038241481502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表S1, caption=

2021—2023徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类名录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
种Species调查年份Survey year生态类型Ecological type
2019年[21]2021年2022年2023年栖息水层Location产卵类型Spawning type食性Food type
鲤形目Cypriniformes
鲤科Cyprinidae
马口鱼属Opsariichthys
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens++++UDO
长鳍马口鱲Opsariichthys evolans+UDO
鱲属Zacco
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus++++UDO
草鱼属Ctenopharyngodon
草鱼Ctenopharyngodon idellus+LS—PH
鱥属Rhynchocypris
尖头鱥Rhynchocypris oxycephalus+LVO
䱗属Hemiculter
Hemiculter leucisculus+++UDO
贝氏䱗Hemiculter bleekeri+UDO
华鳊属Sinibrama
大眼华鳊Sinibrama macrops*+US—PO
圆吻鲴属Distoechodon
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris++LS—PO
鳙属Aristichthys
Aristichthys nobilis+US—PC
鲢属Hypophthalmichthys
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix+US—PH
鱊属Acheilognathus
短须鱊Acheilognathus barbatulus++LSO
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis++++LSO
大鳍鱊Acheilognathus macropterus+LSO
鳑鲏属Rhodeus
方氏鳑鲏Rhodeus fangi+LSO
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus++++LSO
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis+++LSO
棒花鱼属Abbottina
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis++++BDO
颌须鮈属Gnathopogon
短须颌须鮈Gnathopogon imberbis+LDO
䱻属Hemibarbus
唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo+++BDC
花䱻Hemibarbus maculatus++BDC
胡鮈属Huigobio
胡鮈Huigobio chenhsienensis+BVO
小鳔鮈属Microphysogobio
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis++++BS—PO
建德小鳔鮈Microphysogobio tafangensis++BS—PO
麦穗鱼属Pseudorasbora
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva++++LVO
吻鮈属Rhinogobio
吻鮈Rhinogobio typus++BS—PO
鳈属Sarcocheilichthys
黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis+++LS—PO
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus++++LVO
蛇鮈属Saurogobio
蛇鮈Saurogobio dabryi+++BS—PO
银鮈属Squalidus
银鮈Squalidus argentatus++++LS—PO
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi++LS—PO
鲫属Carassius
Carassius auratus++++LVO
鲤属Cyprinus
Cyprinus carpio++++BVO
光唇鱼属Acrossocheilus
条纹光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus++++LS—PO
花鳅科Cobitidae
花鳅属Protocobitis
稀有花鳅Cobitis rara++BS—PO
中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis++++BS—PO
泥鳅属Misgurnus
泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus++++BDO
副泥鳅属Paramisgurnus
大鳞副泥鳅Paramisgurnus dabryanus+BDO
薄鳅属Leptobotia
美尾薄鳅Leptobotia bellacauda+BVC
桂林薄鳅Leptobotia guilinensis+BVO
副沙鳅属Parabotia
武昌副沙鳅Parabotia banarescui++BS—PC
爬鳅科Balitoridae
原缨口鳅属Vanmanenia
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma++++BDO
鲇形目Siluriformes
鲇科Siluridae
鲇属Clarias
Silurus asotus+++BDC
南方鲇Silurus meriordinalis+BDC
鲿科Bagridae
黄颡鱼属Pelteobagrus
长须黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus eupogon++BDC
黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus fulvidraco+++BDC
瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachelli+BDC
拟鲿属Pseudobagrus
白边拟鲿Pseudobagrus albomarginatus+BDC
盎堂拟鲿Pseudobagrus ondan+BDC
条纹拟鲿Pseudobagrus taeniatus+++BDC
圆尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus tenuis++BDC
切尾拟鲿Pseudobagrus truncatus+++BDC
乌苏里拟鲿Pseudobagrus ussuriensis+BDC
合鳃鱼目Symbranchiformes
合鳃鱼科Synbranchidae
黄鳝属Monopterus
黄鳝Monopterus albus++++BDC
刺鳅科Mastacembelidae
中华刺鳅属Sinobdella
中华刺鳅Sinobdella sinensis+++BVC
鲈形目Perciformes
鮨科Serranidae
鳜属Siniperca
Siniperca chuatsi+LPC
虾虎鱼目Gobiiformes
塘鳢科Eleotridae
小黄䱂鱼属Micropercops Fowler
小黄䱂Micropercops swinhonis+LDO
沙塘鳢属Odontobutis
河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophilus++++BVC
吻虾虎鱼属Rhinogobius
波氏吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius cliffordpopei+++BDC
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus++++BDC
攀鲈目Anabantiformes
鳢科Channidae
鳢属Channa
乌鳢Channa argus+++BPC
鳉形目Cyprinodontiformes
青鳉科Adrianichthyidae
青鳉属Oryzias
中华青鳉Oryzias sinensis+UVO
胎鳉科Poeciliidae
食蚊鱼属Gambusia
食蚊鱼Gambusia affinis*+UVC
), ArticleFig(id=1259825038572831525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=EN, label=Tab.S2, caption=

Similarity of fish community structure and species contribution rate in the middle reaches of the Hui Shui River and its tributaries in different years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种Species平均多度/平均相似性
Average abundance/Average similarity (%)
贡献率/累积贡献率
Contribution/Cumulative contribution (%)
202120222023202120222023
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus21.21/19.5923.16/14.9622.95/18.4729.15/29.1524.81/24.8129.61/29.61
Carassius auratus6.07/5.685.46/2.414.29/1.798.45/37.614/76.062.87/82.58
条纹光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus7.49/5.3112.24/6.138.77/4.997.9/45.5110.16/34.977.99/37.6
银鮈Squalidus argentatus5.91/4.728.45/3.274.03/1.537.03/52.545.43/46.792.46/85.04
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus5.1/4.665.36/3.075.29/2.846.94/59.485.09/62.284.56/58.22
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva3.89/3.145.34/3.073.67/2.314.67/64.145.09/57.193.71/70.15
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis4.24/2.923.64/1.524.35/68.492.52/90.21
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis4.13/2.717/3.25.67/3.274.03/72.525.31/52.15.23/53.66
河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophilus3.32/2.684.57/3.054.57/3.343.99/76.525.06/67.345.36/48.43
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus4.52/2.573.99/1.694.16/1.923.83/80.352.8/84.943.08/79.71
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus3.08/2.425.02/1.882.7/1.413.6/83.953.12/79.182.26/87.3
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens3.94/2.426.6/3.853.64/2.63.6/87.556.39/41.364.17/62.39
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma3.79/2.157.39/2.845.08/2.533.21/90.754.71/72.064.05/66.44
唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo1.85/1.241.99/89.29
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi3.96/2.023.24/76.63
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis4.7/1.662.76/87.69
泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus2.49/2.023.24/73.39
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis4.48/1.792.97/82.14
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris6.38/3.415.47/43.07
中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis1.79/1.061.7/90.99
), ArticleFig(id=1259825039046787880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表S2, caption=

不同年份徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落结构相似性和物种贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种Species平均多度/平均相似性
Average abundance/Average similarity (%)
贡献率/累积贡献率
Contribution/Cumulative contribution (%)
202120222023202120222023
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus21.21/19.5923.16/14.9622.95/18.4729.15/29.1524.81/24.8129.61/29.61
Carassius auratus6.07/5.685.46/2.414.29/1.798.45/37.614/76.062.87/82.58
条纹光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus7.49/5.3112.24/6.138.77/4.997.9/45.5110.16/34.977.99/37.6
银鮈Squalidus argentatus5.91/4.728.45/3.274.03/1.537.03/52.545.43/46.792.46/85.04
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus5.1/4.665.36/3.075.29/2.846.94/59.485.09/62.284.56/58.22
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva3.89/3.145.34/3.073.67/2.314.67/64.145.09/57.193.71/70.15
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis4.24/2.923.64/1.524.35/68.492.52/90.21
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis4.13/2.717/3.25.67/3.274.03/72.525.31/52.15.23/53.66
河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophilus3.32/2.684.57/3.054.57/3.343.99/76.525.06/67.345.36/48.43
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus4.52/2.573.99/1.694.16/1.923.83/80.352.8/84.943.08/79.71
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus3.08/2.425.02/1.882.7/1.413.6/83.953.12/79.182.26/87.3
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens3.94/2.426.6/3.853.64/2.63.6/87.556.39/41.364.17/62.39
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma3.79/2.157.39/2.845.08/2.533.21/90.754.71/72.064.05/66.44
唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo1.85/1.241.99/89.29
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi3.96/2.023.24/76.63
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis4.7/1.662.76/87.69
泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus2.49/2.023.24/73.39
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis4.48/1.792.97/82.14
圆吻鲴Distoechodon tumirostris6.38/3.415.47/43.07
中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis1.79/1.061.7/90.99
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Similarity and species contribution rate of fish community structure in different spatial areas of the middle reaches of the Huishui River and its tributaries

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物种Species平均多度/平均相似性
Average abundance/Average similarity (%)
贡献率/累积贡献率
Contribution/Cumulative contribution (%)
干流Main stream支流Tributary干流Main stream支流Tributary
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi25.98/14.636.97/16.8621.05/21.0521.89/21.89
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis12.67/5.9616.18/6.738.59/29.648.74/30.63
条纹拟鲿Pseudobagrus taeniatus4.14/2.3210.9/4.873.35/75.636.32/36.95
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis4.21/2.0610.29/4.712.97/81.676.12/43.07
泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus6.29/2.4410.74/4.13.52/72.285.33/48.39
光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus6.82/3.9310.42/3.925.66/42.945.09/53.48
黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis5.36/3.258.31/3.714.69/52.454.82/58.3
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens6.58/2.87.33/3.174.04/65.134.11/62.41
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva4.03/2.527.49/3.043.63/68.763.95/66.36
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus11.28/5.37.88/37.64/37.283.89/70.25
中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis2.83/1.317.67/31.89/87.413.89/74.14
河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophilus5.77/3.356.96/2.84.82/47.773.64/77.78
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus3.92/2.136.59/2.463.07/78.73.19/80.97
Carassius auratus6.65/3.054.57/2.014.39/56.852.61/83.59
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis4.35/1.922.49/86.08
唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo3.83/1.51.95/88.03
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma2.15/1.313.23/1.351.89/85.521.75/89.77
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus5.24/2.956.16/1.334.25/61.091.73/91.5
银鮈Squalidus argentatus2.29/1.361.96/83.64
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis4.62/1.271.83/89.24
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus1.8/1.061.52/90.76
), ArticleFig(id=1259825039596241715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表S3, caption=

不同空间徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落结构相似性和物种贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物种Species平均多度/平均相似性
Average abundance/Average similarity (%)
贡献率/累积贡献率
Contribution/Cumulative contribution (%)
干流Main stream支流Tributary干流Main stream支流Tributary
点纹银鮈Squalidus wolterstorffi25.98/14.636.97/16.8621.05/21.0521.89/21.89
福建小鳔鮈Microphysogobio fukiensis12.67/5.9616.18/6.738.59/29.648.74/30.63
条纹拟鲿Pseudobagrus taeniatus4.14/2.3210.9/4.873.35/75.636.32/36.95
兴凯鱊Acheilognathus chankaensis4.21/2.0610.29/4.712.97/81.676.12/43.07
泥鳅Misgurnus anguillicaudatus6.29/2.4410.74/4.13.52/72.285.33/48.39
光唇鱼Acrossocheilus fasciatus6.82/3.9310.42/3.925.66/42.945.09/53.48
黑鳍鳈Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis5.36/3.258.31/3.714.69/52.454.82/58.3
马口鱼Opsariichthys bidens6.58/2.87.33/3.174.04/65.134.11/62.41
麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva4.03/2.527.49/3.043.63/68.763.95/66.36
高体鳑鲏Rhodeus ocellatus11.28/5.37.88/37.64/37.283.89/70.25
中华花鳅Cobitis sinensis2.83/1.317.67/31.89/87.413.89/74.14
河川沙塘鳢Odontobutis potamophilus5.77/3.356.96/2.84.82/47.773.64/77.78
小鳈Sarcocheilichthys parvus3.92/2.136.59/2.463.07/78.73.19/80.97
Carassius auratus6.65/3.054.57/2.014.39/56.852.61/83.59
棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis4.35/1.922.49/86.08
唇䱻Hemibarbus labeo3.83/1.51.95/88.03
原缨口鳅Vanmanenia stenosoma2.15/1.313.23/1.351.89/85.521.75/89.77
宽鳍鱲Zacco platypus5.24/2.956.16/1.334.25/61.091.73/91.5
银鮈Squalidus argentatus2.29/1.361.96/83.64
中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis4.62/1.271.83/89.24
子陵吻虾虎鱼Rhinogobius giurinus1.8/1.061.52/90.76
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Information on water retaining dams in the middle reaches and tributaries of the Huishui River

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名称Name经度
Longitude (°E)
纬度Latitude(°N)备注Note
旌德县三溪镇陈家桥-坝1
Chen Jiaqiao, Sanxi Town, Jingde County-Dam 1
118.423130.38831南坦景观亭South Tan Landscape Pavilion
光坝-坝2 Light Dam-Dam 2118.44330.36749
仙人谷-坝3 Xianren Valley-Dam 3118.460730.35275
洋滩电站-坝4 Yangtan Hydropower Station-Dam 4118.526430.31783
旌德县旌阳镇滨河路-坝5
Binhe Road, Jingyang Town, Jingde County-Dam 5
118.542330.30133徽源酒店门口的景观坝The landscape dam at the entrance of Huiyuan Hotel
旌德县旌阳镇南门路12号-坝6
No. 12, Nanmen Road, Jingyang Town, Jingde County-Dam 6
118.537630.28475梓山水电站旁小坝Small dam beside Zishan Hydropower Station
旌德县旌阳镇南门路12号-坝7
No. 12, Nanmen Road, Jingyang Town, Jingde County-Dam 7
118.537530.2845梓山水电站Zishan Hydropower Station
梓山水电站-坝8 Zishan Hydropower Station-Dam 8118.537630.28371
旌德县版书镇S217-坝9
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 9
118.52930.2743
旌德县版书镇S217-坝10
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 10
118.525830.2648版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝11
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 11
118.518130.25087版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝12
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 12
118.512630.23769版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝13
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 13
118.509930.22091版书政府附近Near the Banshu Town Goverment
旌德县版书镇S217-坝14
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 14
118.509130.22444版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝15
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 15
118.509530.22242版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
), ArticleFig(id=1259825039969534778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824980796293312, language=CN, label=表S4, caption=

徽水河中游及支流水系拦水坝信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称Name经度
Longitude (°E)
纬度Latitude(°N)备注Note
旌德县三溪镇陈家桥-坝1
Chen Jiaqiao, Sanxi Town, Jingde County-Dam 1
118.423130.38831南坦景观亭South Tan Landscape Pavilion
光坝-坝2 Light Dam-Dam 2118.44330.36749
仙人谷-坝3 Xianren Valley-Dam 3118.460730.35275
洋滩电站-坝4 Yangtan Hydropower Station-Dam 4118.526430.31783
旌德县旌阳镇滨河路-坝5
Binhe Road, Jingyang Town, Jingde County-Dam 5
118.542330.30133徽源酒店门口的景观坝The landscape dam at the entrance of Huiyuan Hotel
旌德县旌阳镇南门路12号-坝6
No. 12, Nanmen Road, Jingyang Town, Jingde County-Dam 6
118.537630.28475梓山水电站旁小坝Small dam beside Zishan Hydropower Station
旌德县旌阳镇南门路12号-坝7
No. 12, Nanmen Road, Jingyang Town, Jingde County-Dam 7
118.537530.2845梓山水电站Zishan Hydropower Station
梓山水电站-坝8 Zishan Hydropower Station-Dam 8118.537630.28371
旌德县版书镇S217-坝9
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 9
118.52930.2743
旌德县版书镇S217-坝10
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 10
118.525830.2648版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝11
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 11
118.518130.25087版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝12
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 12
118.512630.23769版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝13
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 13
118.509930.22091版书政府附近Near the Banshu Town Goverment
旌德县版书镇S217-坝14
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 14
118.509130.22444版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
旌德县版书镇S217-坝15
Banshu Town, Jingde County S217-Dam 15
118.509530.22242版书附近小坝 The small dam near the Banshu Town
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禁捕初期徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落多样性时空格局
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唐振 1 , 轩中亚 1 , 刘思磊 1 , 刘凯 1, 2, 3
水生生物学报 | 十年禁渔 2026,50(5): 052610-89-052610-101
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水生生物学报 | 十年禁渔 2026, 50(5): 052610-89-052610-101
禁捕初期徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落多样性时空格局
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唐振1 , 轩中亚1, 刘思磊1, 刘凯1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心, 农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室, 无锡 214081
  • 2上海海洋大学, 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306
  • 3南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 无锡 214081
  • 唐振(1997—), 男, 硕士研究生; 研究方向为鱼类生态学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘凯(1980—), 男, 研究员; 研究方向为鱼类生态学及珍稀濒危物种保护。E-mail:
THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF FISH COMMUNITY DIVERSITY IN THE NATIONAL AQUATIC GERMPLASM RESOURCE RESERVE FOR ENDEMIC FISH OF HUISHUI RIVER IN THE EARLY STAGE OF THE FISHING BAN
Zhen TANG1 , Zhong-Ya XUAN1, Si-Lei LIU1, Kai LIU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
  • 2National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 3Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.3724/1000-3207.2026.2025.0318
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为掌握禁捕初期徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落多样性特征及年际变化, 于2021—2023年连续3年开展鱼类资源调查, 共采集鱼类59种, 隶属于7目12科40属, 其中鲤科(Cyprinidae)鱼类占绝对优势, 其物种数占比为67.80%, 数量及生物量占比依次为89.22%和91.65%; 生态类型以底栖生活、杂食性和产沉性卵鱼类占优, 物种数占比依次为55.93%、55.93%和44.07%。年际特征显示, 鱼类物种数变幅为35—47种, 其中共有优势种为宽鳍鱲和条纹光唇鱼; Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数总体均呈波动上升趋势, 变幅依次为4.18—5.34、1.97—2.37、0.55—0.62; Simpson指数则呈下降趋势, 变幅为0.19—0.31。丰度−生物量曲线分析表明, 鱼类群落受干扰程度总体呈下降趋势。聚类分析显示, 时间上2021年春、夏、冬季群落结构相似, 2022年冬季和2023年冬季群落结构相似, 其他时间聚为一类, 表明恢复进程具有显著的阶段性特征, 恢复初期(2021年)的响应模式具有独特性。空间上干流和支流总体上各自聚为一类, 说明由基础生境特征驱动的群落差异仍然存在并占主导地位。整体来看, 群落结构恢复在时间动态下受生境条件、季节差异多因子共同驱动, 呈现阶段性、空间异质性等生态响应特征。本研究揭示了禁捕初期徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落特征及多样性变动趋势, 为支撑禁捕效果评估和水生生物资源科学管护提供了依据。

鱼类群落  /  结构特征  /  年际变化  /  禁捕  /  徽水河

To understand the diversity characteristics and interannual variations of the fish community in the middle reaches and tributaries of the Huishui River during the early stage of the fishing ban, fish resource surveys were conducted from 2021 to 2023. A total of 59 fish species were collected, belonging to 40 genera, 12 families, and 7 orders. Among them, Cyprinidae fish were in an absolute dominant position, accounting for 67.80% of the total species, 89.22% of total abundance, and 91.65% of total biomass. The ecological types are dominated by benthic, omnivorous, and spawn-laying fish, with the proportions of species being 55.93%, 55.93%, and 44.07% respectively. Interannual characteristics showed that species richness ranged from 35 to 49, among which the common dominant species were Zacco platypus and Acrossocheilus fasciatus. The Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Pielou index all showed a fluctuating upward trend overall, ranging from 4.18—5.34, 1.97—2.37, and 0.55—0.62, respectively, while the Simpson index showed a downward trend from 0.19 to 0.31. Cluster analysis showed that community structure in spring, summer, and winter of 2021 was similar, as was that in winter of 2022 and winter of 2023; all other sampling occasions grouped together. This suggests that community recovery followed distinct phases, with a unique response pattern in the early stage (2021). Spatially, the main stream and tributaries generally formed separate clusters, indicating that habitat-driven differences remained dominant. Overall, the recovery of community structure was driven by multiple factors under temporal dynamics, including habitat conditions and seasonal variation, exhibiting phased progression and spatial heterogeneity. This research clarifies the characteristics and diversity trends of the fish community in the Huishui River during the initial stage of the fishing ban, providing a basis for the assessment of the fishing ban effect and the scientific management of aquatic biological resources.

Fish community  /  Structural features  /  Interannual variation  /  Fishing ban  /  Huishui River
唐振, 轩中亚, 刘思磊, 刘凯. 禁捕初期徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落多样性时空格局. 水生生物学报, 2026 , 50 (5) : 052610-89 -052610-101 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-3207.2026.2025.0318
Zhen TANG, Zhong-Ya XUAN, Si-Lei LIU, Kai LIU. THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERN OF FISH COMMUNITY DIVERSITY IN THE NATIONAL AQUATIC GERMPLASM RESOURCE RESERVE FOR ENDEMIC FISH OF HUISHUI RIVER IN THE EARLY STAGE OF THE FISHING BAN[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2026 , 50 (5) : 052610-89 -052610-101 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-3207.2026.2025.0318
徽水河位于皖南山区, 为典型的山区河源性溪流, 是青弋江上游的最大支流, 河道宽度在100—150 m, 河底基质多为卵石和沙石[1, 2]。徽水河中游水系地处亚热带季风气候区, 山区地形复杂多变, 人类活动强度相对较低, 水量季节性丰枯变化显著, 整体水质优良[3], 为喜流性鱼类及其他土著物种提供了赖以生存和繁衍的优良栖息地, 具有重要的生态价值。原农业部于2009年12月17日公告设立徽水河特有鱼类国家级水产种质资源保护区(以下简称“徽水河保护区”), 将徽水河中游及其12条支流纳入保护范围。
淡水生态系统是生物多样性的关键组成部分, 其健康状况直接关系到区域生态安全[4]。河流作为淡水生态系统的主体, 其生物群落结构, 尤其是鱼类多样性, 是评估生态系统功能与完整性的核心指标[4]。鱼类作为水生食物网的高阶消费者, 其种群动态与群落组成能敏感地反映栖息地质量变化及人类活动干扰的累积效应[5]。近年来伴随区域社会经济的快速发展, 徽水河流域同样面临着日益加剧的人类扰动压力。城镇化发展、涉水工程、过度捕捞和极端气候等对流域水生态系统产生了严重胁迫, 导致鱼类资源下降和生物多样性衰退[3, 6, 7]。2019年12月27日农业农村部发布通告, 自2020年1月1日零时起, 长江流域332个水生生物保护区全面禁止生产性捕捞, 为徽水河保护区鱼类等水生生物资源提供了休养生息的机会。同时保护区为应对栖息地破碎化, 已重点实施了水坝拆除等工程(如2025年完成登云桥、蔡家桥水电站拆除), 以恢复河流连通性。
禁捕政策已实施数年, 但对鱼类群落及多样性的响应特征缺乏了解, 这制约了禁捕效果的客观评估, 也影响了流域管理决策。因此, 本研究旨在通过开展徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类调查, 全面掌握禁捕后鱼类群落多样性现状及其变动趋势, 以期揭示禁捕对该水域鱼类群落的生态学效应, 科学评估禁捕效果初步成效, 为保护区资源养护和生态修复提供科学支撑。
设置21个鱼类样本采样断面, 其中1—7号断面位于干流, 8—21号断面位于支流(图 1表 1)。2021—2023年的每年4个季节对21个断面进行鱼类资源调查。具体调查时间为2021年3、7、9和12月, 2022年的5、8、9月和2023年1月, 2023年5、8、10和12月。每个季度每个断面调查1次, 时间为1d。
经管理部门许可, 采用电脉冲调查方法, 沿之字形样线进行调查采样, 每次监测时长约20min[8]。调查设备主要器件包括蓄电池(输出电流20 A, 输出电压12 V)、逆变器(输出功率2500 W)、导电杆和抄网。执行电脉冲工作的科研人员在开展监测前需进行安全培训, 工作时配备全身型胶质防电服和防电手套, 同时配备具游泳能力的人员在岸边负责安全保障。针对无须进一步研究的个体, 现场快速测量生物学指标, 尽快将活体放回原水体。
采集的鱼类样本现场进行鉴定及测量, 鱼类的鉴定主要参考《钱塘江鱼类资源》[9]《中国动物志−硬骨鱼纲−鲤形目(中卷)》[10]《中国内陆鱼类物种与分布》[11]。标本的生物学测量使用游标卡尺和电子天平, 体长精确到0.01 mm, 体重精确到0.01 g。现场难以鉴定的鱼类冷冻保存后运输至实验室进行进一步的鉴定。
生态类型划分  参考相关资料[913], 对采集的鱼类生态类型进行系统的分析。根据鱼类栖息水层的深度不同, 将其划分为中上层、中下层和底层鱼类; 在鱼卵类型方面, 分为产漂流性卵、产黏性卵、产沉性卵及喜贝产卵型4种类群; 依据鱼类成年阶段的主要食物组成, 将其划分为植食性、肉食性和杂食性3个类型。
优势种多样性指数  采用相对重要性指数(Relative importance index, IRI)[14]分析物种优势度, 计算公式:
$ \text{IRI}=({W}_{i}+{N}_{i})\times {F}_{i} $
式中, $ {W}_{i} $$ {N}_{i} $为某物种占总的重量比(%)和数量比(%), $ {F}_{i} $为该物种的出现频率(%)。
优势度的分类标准为: IRI≥1000的为优势种, 100≤IRI<1000的为常见种, 10≤IRI<100的为一般种, IRI<10的为少见种。使用Excel完成相关公式的计算。
多样性指数  采用Margale丰富度指数(D)[15]、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')[16]、Pielou均匀度指数(J')[17]和Simpson优势度指数(C)[18]研究群落多样性; 采用β多样性测度方法, 即Jaccard指数(I)[19]评价鱼类群落种类相似性, 公式:
$ D=(S-1)/{\mathrm{ln}}N $
$ H'=-\sum \limits_{i=1}^{s}{N}_{i}{\mathrm{ln}}{N}_{i} $
$ J'=H'/\mathrm{ln}S\; \; \; \; \; \; $
$ C=1-\sum {({{N}_{i}})}^{2} $
$ I=j/(a+b-j) \;$
式中, $ S $为鱼类物种数目, $ N $为所有鱼类个体数总和, $ {N}_{i} $为某一物种的数量占比。ab分别为区域A和B的鱼类物种数, j为区域A和B中共有鱼类物种数。0≤I<0.25时, 区域物种组成极不相似, 0.25≤I<0.5时, 中等不相似, 0.5≤I<0.75时, 中等相似, 0.75≤I<1时, 极度相似[12]。上述公式的计算均使用Excel软件。
同时采用单因素方差法(One-Way Analysis of Variance, ANOVA)对鱼类物种数和多样性指数时空差异进行检验分析, P<0.05为差异显著。分析软件为IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0。
ABC曲线  丰度生物量曲线(Abundance biomass comparison curve, ABC曲线)可以通过比较生物丰度和生物量优势曲线的分布情况来分析群落受到干扰的状况[18], 公式:
$ W=\sum \limits_{i=1}^{s}\frac{({W}_{i}-{N}_{i})}{50(S-1)} $
式中, $ {W}_{i} $$ {N}_{i} $为对应物种的生物量和丰度的累计百分比, $ S $为出现的物种数。利用生态统计软件Primer 6.0完成公式计算。
鱼类群落结构特征  以鱼类数量百分比及采样断面为数据矩阵, 应用Bray-Curtis相异系数对样本进行聚类分析(Cluster)[20], 结合非度量多维尺度分析(Non-metric multidimensional scaling, NMDS)对群落结构进行划分[21], 并根据胁强系数(Stress)作为NMDS结果的评价标准。用单因子相似性分析(Analysis of similarities, ANOSIM)检验不同群组之间的物种种类组成的差异显著性。运用相似性百分比分析(Similarity percentages, SIMPER)确定造成群组间差异的主要物种及分析组内相似性的主要贡献物种。利用Primer 6.0完成相关分析。
2021—2023年共采集到鱼类59种, 隶属于7目12科40属。其中鲤形目种类数最多, 为40种, 占总种类数的67.80%; 其次为鲇形目11种, 占比为18.64%。所有鱼类中宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)尾数占比最高为47.52%, 其次为条纹光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus fasciatus)(10.26%)。刺鳅科、合鳃鱼科和爬鳅科等7科各鉴定出1种, 共占总物种数的11.86%。2021、2022和2023年分别采集到鱼类35、47和42种, 其中2022年鱼类物种数显著大于2021年(P<0.05), 且2022年采集到外来物种食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)和大眼华鳊(Sinibrama macrops), 在空间上, 食蚊鱼总体分布于干流, 而大眼华鳊均分布于支流。干流采集到鱼类45种, 支流52种, 两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。
保护区保护对象条纹光唇鱼尾数占比最高为10.26%, 其次是泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus; 0.58%), 再次是黄鳝(Monopterus albus; 0.07%), 最后是黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco; 0.02%)。在空间分布上, 条纹光唇鱼在干流和支流分布的尾数占比分别为11.30%和9.68%, 泥鳅为0.38%和0.69%, 黄鳝为0.02%和0.10%, 黄颡鱼则仅分布在干流(0.04%)。在年际变化上, 条纹光唇鱼的尾数占比呈现随时间波动上升趋势, 而黄鳝和泥鳅总体逐年下降, 黄颡鱼仅在2021年和2023年各调查到1尾。
鱼类生态类型统计结果显示, 在栖息水层方面, 底层鱼类物种数最多, 共33种, 占鱼类总物种数的55.93%; 中下层次之, 共有17种, 占比27.81%。从食性看, 主要为杂食性鱼类, 共有33种, 占比55.93%; 其次为肉食性鱼类, 物种数为24, 比例为40.68%。从产卵类型看, 产沉性卵的鱼类物种数最多, 为26种, 占44.07%; 其次为产漂流性卵鱼类, 共有16种, 占比为27.12%。从空间分布上看, 干流和支流均以底栖生活(26种和29种)、杂食性(25种和32种)和产沉性卵鱼类(22种和21种)为主, 差异不显著(P>0.05)。
调查水域优势种为宽鳍鱲、鲫(Carassius auratus)和条纹光唇鱼, 占鱼类总数的60.94%, 占鱼类总重的57.22%; 常见种包括棒花鱼(Abbottina rivularis)、原缨口鳅(Vanmanenia stenosoma)和马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)等15种; 一般种共有11种, 包括唇䱻(Hemibarbus labeo)、点纹银鮈(Squalidus wolterstorffi)和长鳍马口鱲(Opsariichthys evolans)等; 少见种则包含黑鳍鳈(Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis)、建德小鳔鮈(Microphysogobio tafangensis)和黄鳝等30种。干流和支流的优势种组成有所差异, 干流为宽鳍鱲、条纹光唇鱼、圆吻鲴(Distoechodon tumirostris)和银鮈(Squalidus argentatus), 支流则是宽鳍鱲、条纹光唇鱼和鲫, 干流的优势种圆吻鲴在支流则为一般种。
2021—2023年鱼类优势种组成总体变化不大, 2021年优势种为宽鳍鱲、鲫和条纹光唇鱼, 尾数分别占鱼类总数的53.99%、4.42%和7.93%, 重量分别占鱼类总重的24.37%、16.13%和11.35%; 2022年和2023年优势种均为宽鳍鱲和条纹光唇鱼, 尾数分别占鱼类总数的40.37%和12.64%、51.65%和9.04%, 重量分别占鱼类总重的41.50%和17.73%、29.72%和13.51%。鲫的优势度随时间有所下降, 2022年和2023年从优势种变为常见种(表 2)。2021年干流优势鱼类为宽鳍鱲、鲤、鲫和条纹光唇鱼, 2022年优势鱼类为宽鳍鱲、条纹光唇鱼和马口鱼, 2023年则为宽鳍鱲和条纹光唇鱼; 不同年份支流的优势种没有变化, 均为宽鳍鱲、鲫和条纹光唇鱼。
基于2021—2023年调查数据分析鱼类群落多样性, 结果显示Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数分别为1.47—2.44、0.15—0.42、2.71—4.58、0.43—0.71。鱼类多样性的季度变化显示Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数普遍在夏秋季较高, 于2022年夏季达到峰值; Simpson指数则相反, 在冬春季较高, 于2021年冬季达到峰值; Margalef指数变动规律不明显。鱼类多样性年际变化分析显示, 2021—2023年3年间Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数呈波动上升趋势, 且都在2022年达到峰值; Simpson指数则呈波动下降趋势, 在2022年达到最低值(图 2图 3)。不同年份间多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。春季和秋季Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数均差异显著(P<0.05), 秋季和冬季Shannon-Wiener指数差异显著(P<0.05)。
鱼类群落多样性空间变化显示, 干流Shannon-Wiener指数(2.24)和Pielou指数(0.59)均高于支流(分别为2.17和0.55), Simpson指数(0.23)和Margalef指数(5.20)则低于支流(分别为0.26和5.65; 图 4)。干流和支流间多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。
ABC曲线能够反映鱼类群落中种类组成特征以及受干扰程度。结果显示, 调查水域总体W值接近零, 表明鱼类群落受到轻微干扰。在年际变化上, 2021和2023年中, 丰度或生物量排序中分别位居前三位和前两位、对累积优势度贡献较大的物种的丰度曲线位于生物量曲线之上, 表明这些优势物种以小型鱼类或大型鱼类的小型个体为主。2021年W值为负, 说明该年份鱼类群落受干扰程度较高; 2023年W值接近0, 表明鱼类群落受到中等程度的干扰; 2022年生物量曲线总体位于鱼类丰度曲线之上, 说明鱼类群落结构相对比较稳定。在空间分布上, 干流W值为正, 支流W值为负且生物量曲线位于丰度曲线下, 说明支流受干扰程度较干流高(图 5)。
SIMPER分析可以有效识别导致群落差异的关键物种和对组内相似性贡献最大的特征种。结果表明, 造成2021—2022、2021—2023、2022—2023差异的主要物种分别有13、12和14种(贡献率大于3%), 其中贡献率最大的物种分别为光唇鱼、圆吻鲴和光唇鱼; 造成干流和支流差异的主要物种有10种, 其中贡献率最大的物种为宽鳍鱲(表 3表 4)。2021和2023年对组内相似性贡献较大的物种分别为宽鳍鱲、鲫、条纹光唇鱼和宽鳍鱲、条纹光唇鱼。
徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类群落Jaccard系数显示, 时间方面, 2021年四个季节间互为中等相似, 整体上与2022年夏秋、2023年秋冬中等不相似。2022年夏季与2022年春冬间呈中等不相似, 与2023年四个季节呈中等不相似。2023年冬季与2023年春夏两个季节呈中等不相似。空间方面, 2021年干流和2022年干流呈现中等不相似(表 5表 6)。
Cluster聚类分析结果表明, 在时间尺度上, 在相似性水平为65%时, 鱼类群落基本可以分为3组, 组Ⅰ为2021年春季、夏季和冬季, 组Ⅱ为2022冬季和2023年冬季, 组Ⅲ为2021年秋季、2022年春季、夏季、秋季和2023年春季、夏季、秋季。NMDS分析与Cluster聚类分析的结果基本相似, 在相似性水平为65%时, 鱼类群落大体上可以分为3组。空间尺度上, 在相似性水平为75%时, 鱼类群落基本可以分为3组, 组Ⅰ为2023和2022年干流, 组Ⅱ为2023、2021和2022年支流, 2021年干流单独聚为一支。NMDS分析与Cluster聚类分析的结果基本相似, 在相似性水平为75%时, 鱼类群落大体上可以分为3组。时间和空间尺度NMDS的胁强系数分别为0.1和0.04, 说明排序有一定的解释意义(图 6)。
本研究共调查到鱼类59种, 与王庆等2019年调查到的27种相比, 鱼类物种丰富度明显提升[22], 新增记录鳜和鲇等肉食性鱼类, 以及长鳍马口鱲和建德小鳔鮈等溪流鱼类。禁捕3年间物种数和个体数总体呈上升趋势, 这首先源于禁捕政策基本消除捕捞压力, 为种群恢复提供了有利条件; 其次, 水域生态修复措施(如水坝拆除)改善了栖息地适宜性, 包括物理生境、水环境及生态连通性等多个维度, 为鱼类的生存繁衍创造了良好条件[23, 24]; 此外本研究调查强度相对较高, 也是相比禁捕前(7月调查1次)物种数增加的原因之一。鱼类物种数的增加反映了不同生活史策略物种在环境条件改善背景下的差异化响应及其相互作用。一般而言, 生命周期短、繁殖速度快、内禀增长率较高的r-策略鱼类对环境变化反应迅速, 种群规模易在短期内增加, 从而提高群落的个体密度和结构复杂性。在环境条件趋于相对稳定的阶段, 繁殖投入较低、竞争能力较强、种群数量趋近环境容纳量的K-策略鱼类表现出更强的适应优势, 其通过资源竞争、空间占据或捕食等多种生态作用方式, 对r-策略物种的种群动态产生调节作用。不同生活史策略物种之间并非线性替代关系, 而是通过多层次的相互作用共同推动鱼类群落结构向更加复杂和稳定的状态演替[2527]。但之前记录的方氏鳑鲏、桂林薄鳅、中华青鳉和小黄䱂未在本次调查中出现[22], 反映出生态恢复并非均匀发生, 而是受到本底种群状况、物种的扩散能力与生境适配性的共同制约, 因此物种数的增加不能简单视作“恢复”的等价指标。禁捕后黄鳝和泥鳅尾数占比总体呈逐年下降趋势, 黄颡鱼则仅于2021和2023年零星采集到; 禁捕前小黄䱂等物种数量极低, 分布范围狭窄, 常规调查的强度并不足以覆盖这类偶见种。这类物种因种群规模较小, 在禁捕后群落重构过程中处于劣势, 导致其不能随捕捞压力的消除而快速恢复[27, 28]。因此建议未来加强对保护对象及珍稀物种的针对性监测和保护研究, 进一步摸清其资源本底并明确保护需求。
调查水域优势种为宽鳍鱲、鲫和条纹光唇鱼, 其中宽鳍鱲数量和重量百分比最高, 与其鱼类栖息地环境类似的武夷山国家公园和秋浦河源国家湿地公园的溪流生境也出现类似特征[23, 29]。这既可能反映了生态系统尚处于早期恢复阶段, 也可能源于小型鱼类对急流环境的适应及大型鱼类受到溪流有限初级生产力的制约[29]。在鱼类群落中, 圆吻鲴作为干流的优势种, 在支流则为一般种, 这也反映了河流生态系统在空间尺度上的生境异质性和物种适应性差异; 徽水河中游干流与支流在水文特征、底质类型和食物资源分布上存在显著差异, 干流平均水深大于支流, 水体更为开阔, 水流相对平缓; 干流结构稳定的卵石、砾石等大粒径底质创造了异质性高的生境条件, 有利于底栖生物和藻类繁衍, 并能为鱼类提供庇护; 而支流易被流水侵蚀的泥沙底质则导致生境不稳定, 限制了底栖生物和藻类的生存。此外, 拦水坝等导致河流地理隔离限制了鱼类的活动迁移, 导致物种分布片段化[30, 31]; 农业面源污染和采砂等也可能通过改变支流水质或栖息地结构, 进一步抑制干流优势种的扩散[7, 29]。鲫的优势度表现为逐年下降, 这可能是禁捕后生态系统从人为干扰向自然平衡转变的表现: 一方面禁捕后对溪流生境适应性更强的喜流性鱼类恢复效果更好, 致使鲫的相对比例下降; 另一方面鲫作为广生态位鱼类, 其他鱼类种群的恢复可能造成其群落竞争优势减弱。值得注意的是, 2022年采集到外来物种食蚊鱼, 尽管其数量较少, 提示当前种群规模较小, 但由于保护区多数土著鱼类对栖息地生境依赖性较强, 外来物种的出现可能引发生态位挤压, 进而对土著鱼类群落结构造成潜在威胁, 需予以持续关注并评估其长期生态风险。
调查水域鱼类以底层、杂食性、产沉性卵的物种为主, 与禁捕前总体一致, 反映出与砂石底质、流水型生态系统的高度适应性[12]。底栖鱼类对水流和基质结构变化敏感, 是反映生态系统健康状况的重要指示类群。该类群通过扁平体型、发达触须等形态特征适应多砾石的湍急底质环境, 并依赖杂食或肉食性食性高效利用摇蚊幼虫、螺类等底栖无脊椎动物及有机碎屑, 在禁捕后底栖生物资源恢复的背景下获得食物优势[27]; 其繁殖行为对稳定产卵场的依赖性强, 禁捕减少了底质扰动, 提升了繁殖成功率。在生态功能上, 底栖鱼类作为次级消费者连接底栖食物网与高阶捕食者, 并通过搅动底质等生物扰动促进沉积物营养盐释放, 但过度扰动则可能加剧水体浑浊, 抑制沉水植物恢复[32]
群落组成结构显示, 肉食性鱼类物种数及数量占比上升, 反映了食物网结构的完善和能量流动效率的提升, 表明低营养级鱼类资源量已足够支撑更高营养级的生态需求; 同时肉食性鱼类通过下行控制效应可优化群落结构, 促进物种间平衡, 增强生态系统的稳定性和抵抗力[33]。此外, 肉食性鱼类对水质和栖息地要求较高[5, 25], 其种群扩张也间接印证了水域环境质量的改善, 体现了禁捕政策通过“营养级联效应”推动生态系统向更复杂、更稳定的方向演替[12]。与此同时, 鱼类平均体长逐年增加, 并且年际间共有优势种条纹光唇鱼和宽鳍鱲的体长均值整体呈上升趋势, 说明个体小型化趋势有所缓解, 种群结构得到优化, 这主要源于禁捕消除了捕捞压力, 保障鱼类可以顺利完成繁殖和发育过程[28, 3335]。这些现象共同印证了禁捕对于生态系统的恢复有着直接的促进作用。
鱼类群落多样性指数是反映河流生态系统鱼类资源现状的重要指标, 能够敏感地反映河流水生生态系统健康状态及其受干扰程度。在本研究中, 三年间Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数总体呈上升趋势, Simpson指数呈波动下降趋势, 相比禁捕前Simpson指数有所下降, Shannon-Wiener指数有所上升。多样性水平的变动趋势反映出禁捕后, 群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度总体得到了不同程度的改善, 优势种的优势度则有所下降。这与近年来长江流域其他水域实施禁捕政策后的鱼类群落变化趋势较为一致[33, 36]
鱼类群落多样性同时还呈现一定的时间和空间动态变化。在时间方面, 鱼类多样性指数和均匀度指数普遍表现为夏秋高于冬春, 且春季和秋季差异显著, 可能是由于夏秋有大量仔稚鱼群体补充到群落中, 增加相应物种的采集概率; 冬季低温且降雨量小导致河流流量减小甚至局部断流, 可能导致部分鱼类死亡或迁移, 多样性水平显著下降[13, 24], 这一现象与王文剑[29]等对秋浦河源国家湿地公园等类似溪流水域的鱼类群落变化的研究一致。因此, 建议在未来保护区管理中关注冬季枯水期生境保护与生态流量维持, 避免季节性干扰对鱼类群落造成长期影响。在空间方面, 干流鱼类多样性指数和均匀度指数高于支流, 这与沅水流域干支流的研究结果类似[37], 可能源于干流海拔较低, 具有更稳定的水文条件和更高的栖息地异质性, 而支流季节性波动强, 且多位于山区, 更易受到农业面源污染[6, 31]。值得注意的是干流在2023年多样性指数和均匀度指数小于支流, 导致这一变化的原因可能是干流位于城区, 受到人类活动干扰更为显著。干流和支流间多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05), 这主要源于干流和支流的生境条件可能具有一定的趋同性, 同时可能仍保持一定的水文连通性, 促进了物种交流。
ABC曲线分析[12, 38, 39]进一步揭示了群落干扰程度的年度变化趋势。2021年鱼类群落受干扰程度较高, 并且其优势种为小型鱼类, 这可能与禁捕政策实施初期生态恢复尚处于初始阶段有关; 2022年受到的干扰程度较低, 说明禁捕的生态效益在逐步体现; 2023年受到的干扰程度加强, 可能与2022年索饵期及2023年繁殖期流域性旱情导致的异常枯水有关。
Jaccard指数、NMDS与Cluster分析揭示了禁捕政策下鱼类群落恢复的非线性特征: 在时间维度上, 组Ⅰ(基本为2021年全年, 鱼类群落结构中等相似)代表禁捕初期的过渡阶段, 此时捕捞压力骤减, 但鱼类资源尚未完全恢复, 群落结构仍受历史捕捞干扰影响, 表现为低多样性且以小型鱼类为主; 组Ⅱ(2022和2023年冬季)的聚类可能与冬季低温导致的水文稳定性增强有关, 此时鱼类向深水区聚集越冬, 群落结构趋于单一化[31]; 组Ⅲ (2021年秋季及2022—2023年的非冬季)则突显了禁捕成效的逐步显现: 秋季水文条件适宜(如水温、流量稳定), 加之禁捕后鱼类繁殖与栖息地利用效率提升, 土著种(如宽鳍鱲和条纹光唇鱼等)与洄游性鱼类(如“四大家鱼”)在春、夏、秋季的索饵和繁殖期形成更复杂的群落结构, 多样性显著提高[40]。在空间维度上, 支流聚为一类, 主要驱动因素为生境异质性(水文特征、底质类型和食物资源); 2021年干流单独聚为一支, 反映了鱼类群落处于禁捕初期过渡阶段, 群落结构处于动态变化; 2022和2023年干流聚为一组, 则表明随着禁捕的持续推进, 鱼类群落结构趋于稳定。
本研究结果表明, 禁捕的生态效益在徽水河中游及支流水系已初步显现, 但实现流域水生生态系统的整体性恢复, 仍需针对其特有的栖息地破碎化、鱼类洄游受阻等关键问题, 采取更具针对性的修复策略。基于保护区现状(存在15座拦水坝, 图 1), 建议拆除阻隔效应显著且无防洪、灌溉等不可替代民生功能的拦水坝, 对具备民生功能确需保留的拦水坝增设过鱼设施, 以恢复河流连通性; 同时为重点恢复条纹光唇鱼等保护对象的关键生境, 建议在徽水河干流及玉溪河等主要支流选择底质为卵石砾石、水流条件适宜的河段, 系统修复其产卵场。值得注意的是, 条纹光唇鱼在繁殖期(通常为4—7月)会从深水区向浅水急流区进行短距离生殖洄游, 针对这一习性, 可以对保留的拦水坝实施生态调度, 通过优化下泄流量过程, 模拟自然水文节律, 营造适宜的水流条件, 最大程度恢复河流生态功能。在科学评估基础上, 科学开展增殖放流活动, 重点考虑主要保护对象及代表溪流鱼类, 严格控制放流苗种来源及其质量, 防止种质混杂。与此同时还需加强水生生物监测, 动态掌握禁捕后徽水河中游及支流水系鱼类及其栖息生境的变化情况, 科学跟踪禁捕效果。
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2026年第50卷第5期
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doi: 10.3724/1000-3207.2026.2025.0318
  • 接收时间:2025-09-14
  • 首发时间:2026-05-09
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-09-14
  • 修回日期:2026-02-09
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    1中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心, 农业农村部淡水渔业和种质资源利用重点实验室, 无锡 214081
    2上海海洋大学, 水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心, 上海 201306
    3南京农业大学无锡渔业学院, 无锡 214081

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刘凯(1980—), 男, 研究员; 研究方向为鱼类生态学及珍稀濒危物种保护。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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