Article(id=1259824980871754684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0410, pmid=null, cstr=32229.14.SSSWXB.2025.0410, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763395200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-18, revisedDate=1767542400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778295281856, onlineDateStr=2026-05-09, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778295281856, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778295281856, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778295281856, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259824976404800325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, year='2026', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='052601-1', pageEnd='052618-200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778295280791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778295467894, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259825761310073651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259825761310073652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=052617-177, endPage=052617-189, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259824982490756037, articleId=1259824980871754684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, language=EN, title=NICHE CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERSPECIFIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF DOMINANT SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE REGULATING RESERVOIR OF THE EASTERN ROUTE OF SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER DIVERSION PROJECT, columnId=1259824977629537099, journalTitle=Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, columnName=Water Ecology and Environment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the phytoplankton community structure, dominant species’ niche characteristics, and interspecific association in the Donghu Reservoir, Datun Reservoir, and Shuangwangcheng Reservoir along the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong Province. During the survey, 8 phyla, 59 genera, and 116 species of phytoplankton were identified, with Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta being the dominant groups. The phytoplankton communities in the reservoirs exhibited distinct seasonal succession patterns, that is, spring was characterized by a co-dominance of Bacillariophyta and Chrysophyta; Cyanophyta was absolutely dominant in summer and autumn, with harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria such as Microcystis spp, Pseudoanabaena limnetica, and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were the dominant species; while Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta were co-dominant phylum, with abundance of Pseudoanabaena limnetica reaching as high as 7.17×106 cells/L. Niche analysis revealed that the average niche width (Bi) of dominant species in Cyanophyta increased by 77.3% and 34.0% in summer and autumn, respectively, indicating significant expansion during these seasons. Seasonal changes in niche overlap (ΔSOij) showed that Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were in developmental stages in spring, while the niche overlap of Cyanophyta continued to rise to 77.8% in summer and autumn, but the resource competitiveness of Cyanophyta gradually declined in autumn. Interspecific association analysis revealed that there was an overall non-significant negative association in spring and summer, and a significant positive association between the Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta in autumn, reflecting the functional complementarity and niche differentiation among these species. Among the 924 dominant species pairs, 57.47% showed significant association, with as many as 506 pairs having extremely significant negative associations, indicating that the community as a whole was in a state of intense competition. Based on these findings, it is recommended to incorporate positively associated species pairs with high niche overlap as water bloom early warning indicators into the risk management system, providing a scientific basis for ensuring drinking water safety.

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本研究针对南水北调东线工程山东境内的东湖水库、大屯水库和双王城水库, 开展了浮游植物群落结构、优势种生态位特征及种间联结性的研究。调查期间共发现8门59属116种浮游植物, 其中蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为主要类群。水库中浮游植物群落呈现明显的季节演替规律, 即春季为硅藻−金藻共优势; 夏季和秋季演替为蓝藻门占绝对优势, 其中微囊藻(Microcystis spp)、湖生假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena limnetica)、拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)等有害水华蓝藻为优势种; 冬季则呈现蓝藻−硅藻共优势格局, 湖生假鱼腥藻细胞密度高达7.17×106 cells/L。生态位分析表明, 蓝藻门优势种平均生态位宽度(Bi)在夏、秋季分别增长了77.3%和34.0%, 这表明它们在夏、秋季显著扩张。生态位重叠季节变化显示, 春季绿藻门和硅藻门处于发展阶段; 夏、秋季蓝藻门优势种生态位重叠(ΔSOij)持续增长至77.8%, 但秋季蓝藻门资源竞争力相对于夏季逐渐减弱。种间联结性分析发现, 春夏季总体呈不显著负关联, 秋季转为蓝藻门与绿藻门间显著正关联, 这种显著正关联体现了物种间的功能互补与生态位分化。在924个优势种对中, 57.47%存在显著联结性, 其中极显著负关联高达506对, 反映群落整体处于高强度竞争状态。基于上述研究结果, 建议将正关联种对增加伴随高生态位重叠的现象作为水华预警指标纳入风险管理体系, 为保障饮用水安全提供科学依据。

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汪志聪(1984—), 男, 副研究员; E-mail:
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余晓晴(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事藻类生理生态学研究方向。E-mail:

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余晓晴(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事藻类生理生态学研究方向。E-mail:

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余晓晴(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事藻类生理生态学研究方向。E-mail:

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A. The number of phytoplankton species; B. Phytoplankton population density; C. The change of the relative proportion of phytoplankton in each season in Donghu Reservoir; D. Changes in the relative proportion of phytoplankton in different seasons in Datun Reservoir; E. Changes in the relative proportion of phytoplankton in Shuangwangcheng Reservoir in different seasons

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Nutritional status of reservoirs for the period 2024—2025

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时间Time采样地Sampling siteChl. aTPTNCODMnSDEI营养状态分级Trophic state classification
Apr.-2024东湖水库504070602048中营养
大屯水库403070602044中营养
双王城水库403070604048中营养
Aug.-2024东湖水库505070602050中营养
大屯水库505060604052轻度富营养
双王城水库405060602046中营养
Oct.-2024东湖水库603070503048中营养
大屯水库504070504050中营养
双王城水库504070504050中营养
Jan.-2025东湖水库305070601044中营养
大屯水库504070602048中营养
双王城水库604070603052轻度富营养
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2024—2025年水库营养状态情况

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时间Time采样地Sampling siteChl. aTPTNCODMnSDEI营养状态分级Trophic state classification
Apr.-2024东湖水库504070602048中营养
大屯水库403070602044中营养
双王城水库403070604048中营养
Aug.-2024东湖水库505070602050中营养
大屯水库505060604052轻度富营养
双王城水库405060602046中营养
Oct.-2024东湖水库603070503048中营养
大屯水库504070504050中营养
双王城水库504070504050中营养
Jan.-2025东湖水库305070601044中营养
大屯水库504070602048中营养
双王城水库604070603052轻度富营养
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Abundance (D, ×106 cells/L) and dominance index (Y) of dominant phytoplankton specie

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优势种编号拉丁名Apr.-2024Aug.-2024Oct.-2024Jan.-2025
DYDYDYDY
蓝藻门
1. 微囊藻Microcystis spp.0.000.001.540.142.540.100.020.00
2. 水华鱼腥藻Anabaena flos-aquae0.000.000.380.030.210.010.000.00
3. 优美平裂藻Merismopedia elegans0.000.000.000.003.040.110.000.00
4. 色球藻Chroococcus sp.0.000.000.160.020.030.000.000.00
5. 阿氏浮丝藻 Xenococcus lyngbyge0.230.040.650.030.030.000.080.00
6. 土生席藻Phormidium mucicola0.000.000.060.004.150.110.000.00
7. 小席藻Phormidium tenu0.000.000.000.001.710.040.000.00
8. 拟柱孢藻Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii0.000.000.840.074.230.110.000.00
9. 湖生假鱼腥藻Pseudanabaena limnetica0.000.000.690.102.050.057.170.35
绿藻门
10. 小球藻Chlorella sp.0.100.010.030.001.290.050.000.00
11. 四尾栅藻Scenedesmus quadricauda0.050.010.010.000.670.030.010.00
12. 球衣藻Chlamydomonas globosa0.110.030.000.000.100.000.010.00
13. 卵形衣藻 Platymonas subcordiformis0.040.010.280.040.000.000.000.00
硅藻门
14. 具星小环藻Cyclotella stelligera0.060.020.000.000.780.030.250.02
15. 梅尼小环藻Cyclotella meneghiniana0.970.260.190.020.020.000.000.00
16. 小头菱形藻Nitzschia microcephala0.010.000.890.070.070.000.000.00
17. 中型脆杆藻Fragilaria intermedia0.090.020.000.000.320.010.030.00
18. 钝脆杆藻Fragilaria capucina0.000.000.150.020.020.000.060.00
19. 短小曲壳藻Achnanthes exigua0.130.020.010.000.030.000.370.02
20. 尖针杆藻Synedra acus0.040.010.030.000.120.001.200.07
金藻门
21. 长锥形锥囊藻Dinobryon bavaricum0.860.200.000.002.680.070.000.00
22. 圆筒锥囊藻Dinobryon cylindricum0.410.110.000.000.000.000.020.00
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浮游植物优势种的细胞密度(D, ×106 cells/L)及优势度(Y)

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优势种编号拉丁名Apr.-2024Aug.-2024Oct.-2024Jan.-2025
DYDYDYDY
蓝藻门
1. 微囊藻Microcystis spp.0.000.001.540.142.540.100.020.00
2. 水华鱼腥藻Anabaena flos-aquae0.000.000.380.030.210.010.000.00
3. 优美平裂藻Merismopedia elegans0.000.000.000.003.040.110.000.00
4. 色球藻Chroococcus sp.0.000.000.160.020.030.000.000.00
5. 阿氏浮丝藻 Xenococcus lyngbyge0.230.040.650.030.030.000.080.00
6. 土生席藻Phormidium mucicola0.000.000.060.004.150.110.000.00
7. 小席藻Phormidium tenu0.000.000.000.001.710.040.000.00
8. 拟柱孢藻Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii0.000.000.840.074.230.110.000.00
9. 湖生假鱼腥藻Pseudanabaena limnetica0.000.000.690.102.050.057.170.35
绿藻门
10. 小球藻Chlorella sp.0.100.010.030.001.290.050.000.00
11. 四尾栅藻Scenedesmus quadricauda0.050.010.010.000.670.030.010.00
12. 球衣藻Chlamydomonas globosa0.110.030.000.000.100.000.010.00
13. 卵形衣藻 Platymonas subcordiformis0.040.010.280.040.000.000.000.00
硅藻门
14. 具星小环藻Cyclotella stelligera0.060.020.000.000.780.030.250.02
15. 梅尼小环藻Cyclotella meneghiniana0.970.260.190.020.020.000.000.00
16. 小头菱形藻Nitzschia microcephala0.010.000.890.070.070.000.000.00
17. 中型脆杆藻Fragilaria intermedia0.090.020.000.000.320.010.030.00
18. 钝脆杆藻Fragilaria capucina0.000.000.150.020.020.000.060.00
19. 短小曲壳藻Achnanthes exigua0.130.020.010.000.030.000.370.02
20. 尖针杆藻Synedra acus0.040.010.030.000.120.001.200.07
金藻门
21. 长锥形锥囊藻Dinobryon bavaricum0.860.200.000.002.680.070.000.00
22. 圆筒锥囊藻Dinobryon cylindricum0.410.110.000.000.000.000.020.00
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Overall association of dominant phytoplankton species

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样品收集时间Time方差比率VR检验统计量W自由度dfχ2 临界值校验结果Result
χ20.95(df)χ20.05(df)
Apr.-20240.84012.5602111.5932.67不显著负联结
Aug.-20240.4466.6922111.5932.67不显著负联结
Oct.-20242.52437.8582111.5932.67显著正联结
Jan.-20251.54523.1702111.5932.67不显著正联结
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浮游植物优势种的总体联结性

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样品收集时间Time方差比率VR检验统计量W自由度dfχ2 临界值校验结果Result
χ20.95(df)χ20.05(df)
Apr.-20240.84012.5602111.5932.67不显著负联结
Aug.-20240.4466.6922111.5932.67不显著负联结
Oct.-20242.52437.8582111.5932.67显著正联结
Jan.-20251.54523.1702111.5932.67不显著正联结
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南水北调东线调蓄水库浮游植物优势种生态位特征及种间联结性分析
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余晓晴 1 , 敖子强 1 , 陈沁怡 2, 3 , 汤一帆 2, 3 , 王景龙 4 , 李敦海 2, 3 , 汪志聪 2, 3
水生生物学报 | 水生态与环境 2026,50(5): 052617-177-052617-189
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水生生物学报 | 水生态与环境 2026, 50(5): 052617-177-052617-189
南水北调东线调蓄水库浮游植物优势种生态位特征及种间联结性分析
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余晓晴1 , 敖子强1, 陈沁怡2, 3, 汤一帆2, 3, 王景龙4, 李敦海2, 3, 汪志聪2, 3
作者信息
  • 1贵州民族大学, 生态环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025
  • 2中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072
  • 3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 4南阳师范学院, 水资源与现代农业学院, 南阳 473061
  • 余晓晴(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要从事藻类生理生态学研究方向。E-mail:

通讯作者:

汪志聪(1984—), 男, 副研究员; E-mail:
NICHE CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERSPECIFIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF DOMINANT SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE REGULATING RESERVOIR OF THE EASTERN ROUTE OF SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER DIVERSION PROJECT
Xiao-Qing YU1 , Zi-Qiang AO1, Qin-Yi CHEN2, 3, Yi-Fan TANG2, 3, Jing-Long WANG4, Dun-Hai LI2, 3, Zhi-Cong WANG2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
  • 2Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
  • 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
  • 4College of Water Resource and Modern Agriculture, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0410
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本研究针对南水北调东线工程山东境内的东湖水库、大屯水库和双王城水库, 开展了浮游植物群落结构、优势种生态位特征及种间联结性的研究。调查期间共发现8门59属116种浮游植物, 其中蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门为主要类群。水库中浮游植物群落呈现明显的季节演替规律, 即春季为硅藻−金藻共优势; 夏季和秋季演替为蓝藻门占绝对优势, 其中微囊藻(Microcystis spp)、湖生假鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena limnetica)、拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)等有害水华蓝藻为优势种; 冬季则呈现蓝藻−硅藻共优势格局, 湖生假鱼腥藻细胞密度高达7.17×106 cells/L。生态位分析表明, 蓝藻门优势种平均生态位宽度(Bi)在夏、秋季分别增长了77.3%和34.0%, 这表明它们在夏、秋季显著扩张。生态位重叠季节变化显示, 春季绿藻门和硅藻门处于发展阶段; 夏、秋季蓝藻门优势种生态位重叠(ΔSOij)持续增长至77.8%, 但秋季蓝藻门资源竞争力相对于夏季逐渐减弱。种间联结性分析发现, 春夏季总体呈不显著负关联, 秋季转为蓝藻门与绿藻门间显著正关联, 这种显著正关联体现了物种间的功能互补与生态位分化。在924个优势种对中, 57.47%存在显著联结性, 其中极显著负关联高达506对, 反映群落整体处于高强度竞争状态。基于上述研究结果, 建议将正关联种对增加伴随高生态位重叠的现象作为水华预警指标纳入风险管理体系, 为保障饮用水安全提供科学依据。

南水北调东线工程  /  调蓄水库  /  浮游植物  /  生态位  /  种间联结性

This study investigated the phytoplankton community structure, dominant species’ niche characteristics, and interspecific association in the Donghu Reservoir, Datun Reservoir, and Shuangwangcheng Reservoir along the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in Shandong Province. During the survey, 8 phyla, 59 genera, and 116 species of phytoplankton were identified, with Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and Bacillariophyta being the dominant groups. The phytoplankton communities in the reservoirs exhibited distinct seasonal succession patterns, that is, spring was characterized by a co-dominance of Bacillariophyta and Chrysophyta; Cyanophyta was absolutely dominant in summer and autumn, with harmful bloom-forming cyanobacteria such as Microcystis spp, Pseudoanabaena limnetica, and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were the dominant species; while Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta were co-dominant phylum, with abundance of Pseudoanabaena limnetica reaching as high as 7.17×106 cells/L. Niche analysis revealed that the average niche width (Bi) of dominant species in Cyanophyta increased by 77.3% and 34.0% in summer and autumn, respectively, indicating significant expansion during these seasons. Seasonal changes in niche overlap (ΔSOij) showed that Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta were in developmental stages in spring, while the niche overlap of Cyanophyta continued to rise to 77.8% in summer and autumn, but the resource competitiveness of Cyanophyta gradually declined in autumn. Interspecific association analysis revealed that there was an overall non-significant negative association in spring and summer, and a significant positive association between the Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta in autumn, reflecting the functional complementarity and niche differentiation among these species. Among the 924 dominant species pairs, 57.47% showed significant association, with as many as 506 pairs having extremely significant negative associations, indicating that the community as a whole was in a state of intense competition. Based on these findings, it is recommended to incorporate positively associated species pairs with high niche overlap as water bloom early warning indicators into the risk management system, providing a scientific basis for ensuring drinking water safety.

The Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project  /  Regulating reservoir  /  Phytoplankton  /  Ecological niche  /  Interspecific association
余晓晴, 敖子强, 陈沁怡, 汤一帆, 王景龙, 李敦海, 汪志聪. 南水北调东线调蓄水库浮游植物优势种生态位特征及种间联结性分析. 水生生物学报, 2026 , 50 (5) : 052617-177 -052617-189 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0410
Xiao-Qing YU, Zi-Qiang AO, Qin-Yi CHEN, Yi-Fan TANG, Jing-Long WANG, Dun-Hai LI, Zhi-Cong WANG. NICHE CHARACTERISTICS AND INTERSPECIFIC ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF DOMINANT SPECIES OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN THE REGULATING RESERVOIR OF THE EASTERN ROUTE OF SOUTH-TO-NORTH WATER DIVERSION PROJECT[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2026 , 50 (5) : 052617-177 -052617-189 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0410
中国南水北调东线工程始于江苏省扬州市江都水利枢纽, 利用京杭运河及其平行河道输水, 经洪泽湖、骆马湖、南四湖和东平湖调蓄后向北穿黄河至天津、向东至胶东地区[1]。工程直接受益地区包括淮河流域的江苏北部地区、安徽东北部地区、山东西南部与胶东地区以及海河流域东部平原地区, 从水量丰沛的长江调入可靠的补给水源, 是解决上述地区发展经济、改善环境和提高人民生活水平所需水资源的根本办法[2, 3]。南水北调东线工程分布较多的调蓄水库, 它们对改善工程调水水质、保障饮用水安全和提升水生生物多样性等方面有重要生态调节作用[4]。其中, 济南的东湖水库、潍坊的双王城水库和德州的大屯水库是南水北调东线工程位于山东境内的三座重要的调蓄水库[5, 6], 承担着为济南、滨州、淄博、青岛、潍坊、德州等沿线城市提供生态用水和生活用水保障服务的重要任务, 对促进鲁北及胶东地区社会经济和生态环境保护协同发展具有重大战略意义[7]
南水北调东线的调蓄水库是山东多个城市的重要饮用水源地, 依据2024—2025年水库营养状态(表 1)和水体富营养化状态指标[8], 可划分为中营养水体。近年来库中有害水华蓝藻种群细胞密度和优势度呈现上升趋势[9]。水华蓝藻种属优势度增加, 可能在特定气象、水文条件下上浮并在局部水域聚集, 形成蓝藻水华现象, 对水域生态系统和居民饮水安全构成潜在威胁[10]。水体中浮游植物演替过程受到多种环境因子的影响, 其中温度和营养物质是最重要的驱动因子[9]。某种浮游植物对环境因子的适应性越强, 且可以充分利用水体中氮磷营养物质等环境资源, 它则生长越快, 在群落演替过程中更易于成为优势种。目前已经有较多的研究报道了可通过生态位宽度和生态位重叠两个特征参数来衡量浮游植物对环境的适应程度及对环境资源的利用状况[1113]。此外, 生态位特征参数可用于指示浮游植物优势种发展趋势, 及时预测蓝藻水华形成和优势种更替现象[14]。物种种间联结性(Inter-specific association)是指不同物种在空间分布上的关联程度, 反映了物种在空间上的分布模式和种间关系, 对于理解群落结构、演替趋势和生态系统功能具有重要意义[15]。有研究通过计算浮游植物优势种生态位宽度、生态位重叠清晰地判定蓝藻的种群发展趋势, 并通过种间联结性分析了群落结构稳定性和优势种演替模式, 阐明了蓝藻之间形成共优势种群的生态学过程及机理[16]
目前, 有关南水北调东线调蓄水库中浮游植物生态位特征及其种间联结性的研究尚未见报道。因此, 本文拟通过调查南水北调东线调蓄水库浮游植物群落结构, 分析优势种的生态位特征和种间联结性, 以进一步阐明不同季节浮游植物优势种组成、发展趋势及种间关系。本研究可为调蓄水库水质安全保障及生态健康管理提供重要理论支撑。
本研究在济南东湖水库(36.890°N, 117.341°E)、德州大屯水库(37.262°N, 116.213°E)和潍坊双王城水库(37.121°N, 118.705°E)开展季节性采样调查浮游植物群落结构和水质状况。三个水库中各布设5个采样点(图 1), 分别在2024年4月(春季)、8月(夏季)、10月(秋季)及2025年1月(冬季)分季采样, 均选在各月中上旬、天气晴朗日进行。
浮游植物定量样品采用5L有机玻璃采水器采集表层水, 混匀后取1000 mL水样装入PVC塑料瓶中, 立即加入2%鲁哥氏液固定保存, 样品带回实验室浓缩镜检。样品带回实验室后需静置沉降至少48h, 使浮游植物完全沉淀后, 用虹吸法逐步进行浓缩至50 mL, 保存至定量瓶中待镜检。在浓缩后, 摇匀待镜检水样, 立即用移液枪吸取0.1 mL液体, 注入计数框内(20 mm×20 mm)中, 盖上同等面积的盖玻片, 在10×40倍光学显微镜下计数, 所观察的视野要注意随机性和均匀性, 每片需观察50—100个视野, 同时要确保所有视野观察到的浮游植物的总量不少于300个。在计数时, 若遇到有的个体一部分在视野中, 另一部分在视野外, 可规定出现在视野上半圈者计数, 而出现在下半圈者不计数。浮游植物形态学分类参考《中国淡水藻类——系统、分类及生态》[17], 计数参考《淡水浮游生物研究方法》[18]
运用Mcnaughton优势度指数(Y;公式1)[19, 20]划分浮游植物优势种, 当Y > 0.02时则为优势种, 当Y > 0.1时则为绝对优势种。生态位宽度(Bi; 公式2)采用Levins生态位宽度指数计算[21]。生态位重叠(SOij)采用Petraitis生态位重叠指数(公式3和4)[11, 21]计算。生态响应速率(Ri; 公式5和6)。物种间总体关联性参数按照Schluter 的方差比率法(VR; 公式7)[22]计算, 当VR=1时, 表示物种间总体无关联; 当VR<1时, 表示物种间总体为负协变关系; 当VR>1时, 则表示物种间总体为正协变关系。采用Yates连续校正法进行χ2卡方检验(公式8)[23], 当χ2<3.841, 表示物种间无显著关联性; 当3.841<χ2 < 6.635, 则表示物种间关联显著; 当χ2>6.635, 则表示物种间关联性极显著。各参数的计算公式:
$Y=\frac{{N}_{i}}{N}{f}_{i} \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad$
$ {B}_{i}=\frac{1}{\displaystyle\sum \limits_{j=1}^{r}P_{ij}^{2}} \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\;\;\;$
$ {{\mathrm{SO}}}_{ik}={{\mathrm{e}}}^{{{E}_{ik}}} \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\;\;\;\;\;\;$
$ {E}_{ik}=\sum \limits_{j=1}^{n}\left[{P}_{ij}\times \ln \left({P}_{kj}\right)\right]-\sum \limits_{j=1}^{n}\left[{P}_{ij}\times \ln \left({P}_{ij}\right)\right]$
$ \Delta {{\mathrm{SO}}}_{ij}=\sum \limits_{j=1}^{n}{{\mathrm{SO}}}_{ij}-\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}{{\mathrm{SO}}}_{ij}\qquad\qquad\qquad\;\; $
$ {R}_{i}=\frac{{B}_{i}}{{\Delta {\mathrm{SO}}}_{ij}} \qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\;\;\;\;$
$ \mathrm{VR}=\frac{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}^2}{\delta T^2}\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad\; \; $
$ {\chi }^{2}=\frac{n{\left[\left| ad-bc\right| -0.5n\right]}^{2}}{(a+b)(a+c)(b+d)(c+d)} \qquad\qquad\;\;$
式中, Ni为第i种浮游植物在采样点中的个体数量; N为全部采样点浮游植物细胞总和, fi表示该种在全域的出现频率; Bi表示物种生态位宽度; Pij为物种i在第j个资源位中的细胞密度占所有资源位上总细胞密度的比值; Eik表示物种i相对于物种k的生态位重叠指数; SOik表示在优势种生态位重叠矩阵中, 物种i占用物种k的资源量; ΔSOij, 浮游植物优势种的生态位重叠。Ri表示生态响应速率; δT2表示所有采样点物种数的方差, ST2表示总种数出现频度的方差; n为样本总数; a为两物种的种对同时存在的样点之和; bc为只有一个物种出现的样点之和; d为种对共现频率为0的样点数。
本研究对东湖水库、大屯水库和双王城水库的浮游植物群落结构进行了调查, 共鉴定出8门59属116种浮游植物。蓝藻门、绿藻门和硅藻门是主要的类群, 分别包含11属14种、22属45种和14属44种。春季浮游植物物种数目显著高于其他季节的物种数目(P<0.05), 主要为绿藻门和硅藻门的一些种属(图 2A)。秋季蓝藻门浮游植物细胞密度明显高于其他门类, 而冬季东湖水库和大屯水库中各种门类浮游植物的细胞密度均较低, 但双王城水库中蓝藻门细胞密度依然维持在较高水平(2.18×107 cells/L), 显著高于其他水库。浮游植物细胞密度季节平均值变化范围为3.70×106—2.65×107 cells/L, 浮游植物细胞密度表现为秋季>冬季>夏季>春季(图 2B)。从浮游植物生物量占比的时空演替格局来看, 浮游植物优势种更替主要发生在蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门和金藻门四个门类之间。东湖水库春季的浮游植物以硅藻为主, 夏季和秋季以蓝藻为主, 冬季以绿藻和硅藻为主(图 2C); 大屯水库春季的浮游植物以金藻为主, 夏季是蓝藻和硅藻共优势, 秋季则演替为蓝藻和绿藻共优势, 冬季为绿藻和硅藻共优势(图 2D); 双王城水库春季的浮游植物金藻的优势更明显, 而夏季和蓝藻门占绝对优势(>90%, 湖生假鱼腥藻占绝对优势), 冬季浮游植物依然维持蓝藻门优势, 这与其他两个水库具有显著差异(图 2E)。
浮游植物优势种  在三个水库不同季节采样中, 共发现优势度(Y)高于0.02的浮游植物优势种22种, 其种群细胞密度(D)和优势度(Y)表现出明显的季节差异(表 2)。春季(4月)浮游植物优势种有7种, 多为硅藻门和金藻门, 其中梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、长锥形锥囊藻(Dinobryon bavaricum)和圆筒锥囊藻(Dinobryon cylindricum)为绝对优势种(Y≥0.1), 其细胞密度分别为9.7×105、8.6×105和4.1×105 cells/L; 夏季(8月)浮游植物优势种多为蓝藻, 其中微囊藻和湖生假鱼腥藻为绝对优势种(Y≥0.1), 蓝藻中微囊藻、拟柱孢藻、阿氏浮丝藻和湖生假鱼腥藻的生物量也较高, 其平均细胞密度分别为1.54×106、8.4×105、6.9×105和6.5×105 cells/L; 秋季(10月)浮游植物优势种依然是蓝藻, 群落结构演替为微囊藻、优美平裂藻、土生席藻和拟柱孢藻共同占优势, 其平均细胞密度分别为2.54×106、3.04×106、4.15×106和4.23×106 cells/L, 长锥形锥囊藻的平均细胞密度也高达2.68×106 cells/L; 而冬季湖生假鱼腥藻为绝对优势种(Y=0.35), 其平均细胞密度高达7.17×106 cells/L, 且在双王城中的细胞密度高达2.15×107 cells/L。
优势种生态位宽度  各个季节浮游植物优势种的生态位宽度如图 3。从图中可以看出, 春季、夏季和秋季的生态位变幅较宽分别为[0.00, 11.81]、[0.00, 10.33]和[0.00, 12.38], 而冬季的生态位变幅较窄[0.00, 5.625]。春季硅藻和金藻的生态位较宽, 其中梅尼小环藻、中型脆杆藻、尖针杆藻和圆筒锥囊藻的生态位宽度分别达到11.8、9.1、8.3和9.7。至夏季, 蓝藻门的平均生态位宽度上升了77.3%, 其中, 湖生假鱼腥藻、色球藻和水华鱼腥藻的生态位宽度较宽; 而硅藻和金藻的平均生态位则分别下降了34.2%和36.8%。秋季, 蓝藻门的生态位宽度进一步增加, 其平均值比夏季增加了34.0%, 其中, 微囊藻、优美平裂藻、土生席藻和小席藻的生态位宽度增长较快; 绿藻门的生态位宽度比夏季增加了113.9%; 而硅藻门和金藻门的生态位宽度也呈现增长趋势, 尤其是梅尼小环藻、小头菱形藻和中型脆杆藻。冬季, 浮游植物多个种属生态位宽度大幅降低, 蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门和金藻门分别比秋季降低了78.0%、79.9%、41.1%和39.2%, 蓝藻门中仅有阿氏浮丝藻和湖生假鱼腥藻的生态位相对较高(分别为5.2和4.8); 而硅藻门和金藻门相对于秋季则无明显变化。从浮游植物各种属生态位宽度的季节变化来看, 微囊藻、水华鱼腥藻、色球藻、梅尼小环藻的生态位宽度在春、夏、秋季长期维持在较高的范围, 而湖生假鱼腥藻和钝脆杆藻生态位宽度在夏、秋、冬季长期维持在较高的范围; 水华鱼腥藻、拟柱孢藻的生态位宽度在春、冬季较窄, 而在夏、秋季较宽; 圆筒锥囊藻的生态位季节变化规律刚好与它们相反, 即在春、冬季较宽, 而在夏、秋季较窄; 其他浮游植物种属生态位宽度随季节变化呈现较大波动。
优势种的生态位重叠  通过生态位重叠度量矩阵(SOik)计算出浮游植物优势种的生态位重叠(ΔSOij)及对环境生态响应速率(Ri)的季节变化规律如图 4。比较各门类中生态位重叠为正值的优势种占同门类总优势种数据的比例, 可以发现春季蓝藻门中仅有阿氏浮丝藻的ΔSOij为正数(55.7), 绿藻门、硅藻门和金藻门的优势种中分别有80%、66.7%和100%的物种为正值。夏季, 蓝藻门和硅藻门中生态位重叠为正值的优势种分别增加到55.6%和83.3%; 而绿藻门和金藻门中具有正值生态位重叠的优势种则分别降至40%和0%。秋季, 蓝藻门和绿藻门中具有正值生态位重叠的物种进一步增加至77.8%和80%; 而硅藻门和金藻门正值生态位重叠的优势种分别为66.7%和50%。冬季, 蓝藻门中仅有阿氏浮丝藻和湖生假鱼腥藻的生态位重叠为正值(分别为55.1和59.6), 蓝藻门和绿藻门正值生态位重叠的优势种降至22.2%和20%; 而硅藻门和金藻门正值生态位重叠的优势种占比基本保持与秋季一致(图 3A)。生态位重叠值变化揭示了浮游植物的季节性竞争与演替。春季绿藻、硅藻、金藻类重叠值高(>75), 呈发展趋势; 蓝藻则低(<–75), 呈衰退趋势, 这与春季水温、光照条件吻合。夏季蓝藻成为优势类群(部分种>75), 凭借其生理策略抑制了其他多数门类。秋季蓝藻虽仍具发展趋势, 但因绿藻、硅藻竞争力回升, 其相对优势被削弱。冬季所有种属生态位重叠绝对值均较低(<75), 表明低温低光照下资源利用效率普遍下降, 群落活性降至年度低谷, 仅耐寒硅藻保持微弱优势。这一循环体现了环境条件变化如何通过改变种间竞争关系, 驱动群落结构的周期性演替。
物种的生态响应速率(Ri)是衡量某一特定物种对环境变化或外界干扰所做出的反应在速度和幅度上的综合指标, 它反映了物种应对环境变化的敏感度、适应能力和脆弱性。春季浮游植物优势种的生态响应速率较小, 变化范围在–0.4—0.5, 绝对值≥0.2的种类有4种; 夏季浮游植物优势种的生态响应速率依然较小, 但变化范围扩大至在–0.9—0.6, 绝对值≥0.2的种类有6种; 秋季浮游植物优势种的生态响应速率为在–0.1—0.7, 负值的数量较春季和夏季更少, 绝对值≥0.2的种类多达11种; 冬季浮游植物优势种的生态响应范围是0—9.9, 其中生态响应速率最高的是绿藻门中的球衣藻(Ri=9.9), 其次是硅藻门中的小头菱形藻(Ri=2.0), 其他优势种对环境资源的响应速率均较低(绝对值≤0.4)。
总体联结性  南水北调东线调蓄水库四季度优势种方差比率(VR)差异较为显著(表 3), 且检验统计量W的卡方检验结果显示出明显的季节性差异。春季和夏季总体方差比率VR<1, W落在χ20.95(df)和χ20.05(df)之间, 表明优势种间总体呈现不显著负联结。秋季的方差比率VR均大于1, W落在χ20.95(df)和χ20.05(df) 外, 表明秋季浮游植物优势种间总体呈现显著正联结。冬季总体方差比率VR>1, W落在χ20.95(df)和χ20.05(df)之间, 则表明优势种间总体呈现不显著正联结。
优势种种间联结性  种间关联性分析结果如图 5所示, 4个季度共存在924个种对, 联结性不显著(χ2<3.841)的种对有393对, 联结性显著的有531对, 关联性的显著率为57.47%; 其中有10对为极显著正联结(χ2>6.635), 出现在秋季和冬季; 有13对为显著正联结(3.841≤χ2≤6.635), 分别出现在春季(1对)、夏季(5对)和秋季(7对); 506对为极显著负联结, 2对为显著负联结, 春季、夏季和冬季优势种种对均以极显著负联结为主。
本研究调查了南水北调东线山东段调蓄水库的浮游植物群落结构, 发现优势种呈现出明显的季节演替规律。硅藻在春季为主要优势类群之一, 尤其是在东湖水库中, 这可能与春季水温回升、光照增强以及水体中硅酸盐含量较高密切相关。硅藻作为典型的春季优势藻类, 其细胞壁富含硅质, 对低温环境适应性强, 同时春季水体垂直对流较强, 有利于硅藻上浮获取充足的光照资源[24]。此外, 在春季, 金藻门中锥囊藻为绝对优势种(Y≥0.1), 这与以往研究中寡营养湖泊中春季锥囊藻占优势是一致的, 这可能是因为水温回暖、透明度增高和磷限制等多种环境因子共同作用下r选择物种(锥囊藻)种群迅速增长所引起的[25]。夏季和秋季, 蓝藻门种属的种群细胞密度和优势度大幅度上升, 微囊藻、拟柱孢藻、湖生假鱼腥藻等有害水华蓝藻属成为绝对优势种。这种蓝藻优势形成的演替规律可能与夏、秋季高温热量、光照充足及外源营养输入等极端气候气象事件频发有关[26]。有研究表明, 当水温高于 20℃且氮磷浓度较低的情况下, 蓝藻更容易演替为优势种[27]。值得注意的是, 双王城水库在夏季和秋季均呈现显著的蓝藻门优势(>90%), 这可能与该水库特殊的水文条件(如较长的水力停留时间)和相对较高的营养盐浓度有关; 而冬季依然维持蓝藻门占优势, 湖生假鱼腥藻是绝对优势种(Y=0.35)。这种现象可能是因为在冬季低温条件下, 大多数蓝藻生长受到抑制, 而假鱼腥藻作为耐低温的丝状蓝藻, 能够在冰面以下保持较好的生长状态有关[28]。双王城水库在冬季仍维持较高的蓝藻细胞密度, 显著高于东湖水库和大屯水库, 这可能与双王城水库富营养化程度相对较高有关。
自2013年调蓄水库开始通水运行, 持续的调水使库内氮磷等营养物质逐年累积, 引起水库中浮游植物群落结构发生较大变化, 假鱼腥藻属、拟柱孢藻属和微囊藻属成为主要的有害蓝藻属[9]。东线调蓄水库浮游植物监测数据显示藻类群落结构和优势种呈现明显年际演替趋势, 东湖水库中优势种由2015—2016年的微囊藻优势种群转变为2017年的拟柱孢藻优势种群, 而双王城水库优势种则从2015年的假鱼腥藻优势种群逐渐演替为2017年的拟柱孢藻绝对优势种群[29], 这与本研究中秋季拟柱孢藻为绝对优势种群且种群细胞密度较高的结果是一致的。拟柱孢藻和微囊藻是富营养化水体常见的水华蓝藻种属, 它们演替为优势种群使水体蓝藻水华风险急剧增加[30, 31]。有害蓝藻水华的形成对水体水质安全构成严重威胁, 因为拟柱孢藻、微囊藻不仅能产生藻毒素, 还可能引起饮用水异味问题[26]; 而假鱼腥藻种群异常增殖常常是大型饮用水库异味物质的主要来源之一[32]。因此, 水库水质管理中应重点加强对夏秋季有害蓝藻优势种种群细胞密度与种群发展趋势的监测, 为蓝藻水华预警提供基本的数据支撑。
生态位宽度是指一个种群利用不同环境资源的总和或利用资源的多样化程度, 反映物种对环境的适应性和对环境资源利用的潜力[11, 33]。一个物种的生态位越宽, 其特化程度就越低(即为广布种); 相反, 一个种的生态位越窄, 该种的特化程度就越高(即为特化种), 在生物监测中可视为指示种或敏感种[10, 11]。春季硅藻门和金藻门种属的平均生态位宽度远高于蓝藻门种属的平均生态位宽度。硅藻门中具星小环藻、中型脆杆藻、尖针杆藻和金藻门圆筒锥囊藻的生态位宽度较宽, 表明这些种属的环境适应性较强, 对当前环境资源的利用程度较高。夏季蓝藻门种属生态位宽度在整体上呈现增加的趋势, 特别是微囊藻、假鱼腥藻、色球藻和水华鱼腥藻相对于春季同种属生态位增加幅度较大, 这与蓝藻的嗜热性、耐高光胁迫和高效营养吸收利用策略有关[34]。秋季, 虽然水温有所降低, 但蓝藻门种属的生态位宽度整体上依然呈现增加的趋势。与夏季相比, 秋季微囊藻生态位持续增加, 而土生席藻、小席藻、拟柱孢藻和湖生假鱼腥藻等丝状蓝藻也出现大幅度增加或维持在较高水平, 这与鲍航通等[35]报道秋季丝状蓝藻优势度和生物量增加是一致的。本研究发现, 有害蓝藻的生态位宽度值越大, 通常它们的种群细胞密度及优势度数值也越大(表 2), 两者的变化趋势基本一致; 并且夏季生态位较宽的有害蓝藻其种群细胞密度在秋季也显著增加, 这表明在夏、秋季节持续高温高光的稳定环境条件下, 生态位宽度越宽的种属, 其种群发展也越快。圆筒锥囊藻的生态位宽度呈现出与多数蓝藻相反的季节变化规律, 即在春、冬季较宽, 在夏、秋季较窄, 这可能反映了不同藻类种类对环境资源需求的特异性。从整体上看, 冬季生态位宽度变幅较其他季节更窄, 可能是冬季低温导致抑制了浮游植物光合作用和对环境资源的利用程度降低所引起的。
依据生态位重叠矩阵计算出生态位重叠(ΔSOij)反映两个物种对环境资源竞争利用的程度[36]。当i=j时, ΔSOij表示物种i占用其他物种的资源量与被其他物种占用的资源量之差。因此, ΔSOij反映了一个物种的资源竞争力, 当一个物种的ΔSOij为正数时, 表明此物种具有较强的资源竞争力, 在群落演替过程中处于发展状态; 当ΔSOij为负数时, 则表明此物种在群落演替过程中处于衰退状态[11, 13, 36]。本研究发现, 优势度较大的物种其生态位宽度也较大, 且其生态位重叠也为较大的正值, 种群处于发展状态, 这与前人的生态位研究结果相一致[37]。春季绿藻门、硅藻门和金藻门中较多的优势种处于发展状态(ΔSOij >0), 表明这些种类在春季环境中具有较强的资源竞争力。而夏季蓝藻门中处于发展状态的优势种比例增幅较大, 这可能与蓝藻对夏季高温高光的环境适应性密切相关。特别值得关注的是, 秋季蓝藻门和绿藻门中处于发展状态的物种数目占比进一步上升, 但整体上蓝藻种属ΔSOij降低了而绿藻种属ΔSOij增加了, 这表明蓝藻优势种的发展进程减缓而绿藻的竞争优势开始形成。蓝藻和绿藻在环境资源相对占有量上呈现相反的变化趋势, 可能由于秋季降温、降雨等季节性气候变化导致蓝藻种群衰退[38]。生态响应速率反映了优势种对生境条件的生态响应状况。本研究发现发展趋势较强的(ΔSOij绝对值较大)的优势种, 其生态响应速率通常较小, 这与潘成梅等[39]的研究结果相一致: 发展趋势较强的优势种通过增强种群竞争力来获取更多的环境资源, 但是随着种群增长, 环境承载力限制和种内竞争增强导致种群的发展速度放缓。本研究中生态响应速率分析表明, 球衣藻和小头菱形藻在冬季具有相对较高的响应速率, 依据上述文献的基本观点, 这可能由于它们优势度和种群细胞密度较低, 虽然资源与其他物种相比种间竞争力较弱但种内竞争较小, 因而呈现出较弱的发展趋势, 但是发展速率较快。相比之下, 大多数蓝藻在冬季的生态响应速率显著降低, 这与其种群季节性衰退趋势相一致, 可能是因为蓝藻生长受到低温胁迫的限制[40]。这些生态位特征参数的变化为理解浮游植物群落演替提供了重要的理论依据。
种间总体联结性可以从整体上反映出调查区域物种组成的稳定性和群落演替进程[41]。随着群落演替过程的发展, 群落中物种种类和相对细胞密度逐渐趋于稳定, 种间关系亦多呈现为正联结。本研究中春、夏季方差比率VR值均大于1, 优势种整体联结性为不显著负相关, 其不显著性源于绝对优势种存在时其他优势种在采样点出现与否的随机性, 表明在当季生态系统结构简单而不稳定。此种结构失衡现象可能是春季长锥形锥囊藻和夏季微囊藻种群异常增殖引起的, 这与以往相关研究结果相一致[42]。而秋季的优势种呈现显著总体正联结性, 表明群落中物种在利用环境资源上相互依赖或关联程度较高。
种间联结关系一般被划分为正联结、负联结和无关联, 群落内物种种间关系越复杂, 生态位分化越合理, 则种间关系越趋向正联结[43]。优势种对间表现为正联结表示物种间的互补性较强, 能够充分地利用资源和空间, 群落较为稳定; 相反, 负联结则表示物种间的互补性较弱, 对资源和空间竞争较为激烈, 群落不稳定[44]。在对22种浮游植物优势种的调查中, 共分析了924个种对的联结关系, 结果显示其中393个种对的联结不显著, 表明这些种对之间可能相互独立。这种情况可能源于这些物种在资源和空间上的依赖性较低, 以及生活习性上的差异, 从而导致它们之间的联结程度较低。在924个种对中, 57.47%的种对表现出显著的联结性, 其中极显著正联结仅10对, 显著正联结13对, 而极显著负联结高达506对。这种以负关联为主的联结模式表明, 调蓄水库浮游植物群落总体上处于较强的种间竞争状态。特别是在春季、夏季和冬季, 优势种间均以极显著负联结为主, 说明在资源相对有限的条件下, 种间竞争是影响群落结构的主要因素。秋季出现的极显著正联结种对主要分布在蓝藻门和绿藻门之间, 如微囊藻与优美平裂藻、土生席藻与小席藻等。这种正关联可能与特定环境条件下种类间的功能互补或生态位分化有关。例如, 具有固氮能力的蓝藻与吸收溶解性氮能力较强的绿藻可能形成互利关系[45]。这种现象与生态位重叠分析中观察到的多个种类共同发展的趋势相吻合。
从生态学意义来看, 种间联结性的季节性变化反映了浮游植物群落稳定性与适应性的动态平衡。春季的负关联状态表明群落处于相对稳定的竞争平衡阶段, 而秋季的正关联则可能预示着群落结构的重组和演替。物种的生态位越宽、生态位重叠数值越大, 则在环境资源利用上具有更大的竞争优势。在蓝藻水华高发期(夏秋季), 通常蓝藻的生态位宽度和生态位重叠较大, 这些蓝藻门优势种正关联种对的增加可能加剧蓝藻的聚集效应, 从而提高水华发生的风险。在管理实践中, 结合蓝藻生态位宽度、生态位重叠和种间联结性的综合分析为水库生态风险管理提供了重要指标。当检测到显著正联结种对增加且伴随着高生态位重叠时, 应当加强水质监测并采取适当的防控措施。建议重点关注具有显著正联结的有害蓝藻种对, 建立基于种间关系的早期预警体系, 为保障饮用水安全提供科学依据。
(1)四个季度共鉴定出8门116种浮游植物, 蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻为主要优势类群。群落呈现明显季节演替: 春季以硅藻和金藻为主; 夏秋季蓝藻门占绝对优势; 冬季呈现蓝藻−硅藻共优势, 湖生假鱼腥藻为绝对优势种(Y=0.35)。(2)生态位宽度季节变化规律显示, 蓝藻门生态位宽度夏秋季显著扩张, 其生态位扩张与种群细胞密度增长趋势具有一致性。生态位重叠的季节变化规律显示, 春季绿藻门和硅藻门优势种呈现发展趋势; 夏季蓝藻门优势种优势度和物种细胞密度大幅增长, 秋季蓝藻门和绿藻门正值比例进一步上升, 但蓝藻资源竞争力相对减弱。(3)春夏季总体联结性为不显著负相关, 秋季则呈显著正联结。在924个优势种对中, 极显著负联结高达506对, 表明群落整体处于高强度竞争状态。正联结种对增加且伴随高生态位重叠时, 可能加剧蓝藻聚集效应。建议将此类现象作为水华预警指标纳入风险管理体系。
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doi: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0410
  • 接收时间:2025-11-18
  • 首发时间:2026-05-09
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-18
  • 修回日期:2026-01-05
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    1贵州民族大学, 生态环境工程学院, 贵阳 550025
    2中国科学院水生生物研究所, 武汉 430072
    3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
    4南阳师范学院, 水资源与现代农业学院, 南阳 473061

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汪志聪(1984—), 男, 副研究员; E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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