Article(id=1259824982851445634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0162, pmid=null, cstr=32229.14.SSSWXB.2025.0162, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747065600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-13, revisedDate=1762099200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1778295282328, onlineDateStr=2026-05-09, pubDate=1778774400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1778295282328, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-05-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1778295282328, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778295282328, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1259824976404800325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, year='2026', volume='50', issue='5', pageStart='052601-1', pageEnd='052618-200', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1778295280791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1778295467894, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1259825761310073651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1259825761310073652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, issueId=1259824976404800325, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=052615-156, endPage=052615-165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1259824984361395085, articleId=1259824982851445634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, language=EN, title=POLLUTION CHARACTERISATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT, columnId=1259824977629537099, journalTitle=Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, columnName=Water Ecology and Environment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), tend to accumulate in organisms due to their lipophilic. Penaeus vannamei, widely cultivated in such settings, is particularly susceptible to PAHs contamination, which may ultimately endanger human health. In this study, the contamination characteristics, ecological risks, and human health risks of 16 PAHs in a cultured water-biological system were investigated. Results showed that the total concentrations of the 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) in aquaculture water ranged from 44.62 to 350.46 ng/L, with Nap, Phe, BaA, Pyr, Chr, Flu, and Ace being the main pollutants. Pollution source analysis based on characteristic ratios showed that PAHs originated primarily from oil, coal combustion, and other biomass combustion. In shrimp muscle, the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 0.34 to 208.37 μg/kg (dry weight, dw), with 12 PAHs detected, and LMW PAHs predominated, while 5- and 6-ring PAHs accounted for minor proportions. The ILCR values associated with dietary exposure to shrimp ranged from 1.08×10–11—2.02×10–8, which was much lower than the USEPA standard value of 1×10–6, indicating negligible carcinogenic risk under current conditions.

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本文章对某养殖水−生物系统中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征、生态环境风险和人体健康风险进行了研究。结果显示, 16种PAHs (∑PAHs)在养殖水体中的总浓度为44.62—350.46 ng/L且全部有检出, 其中单体萘(Naphthalene)、菲(Phenanthrene)、苯并[a]蒽(Benzo[a]anthracene)、芘(Pyrene)、屈(Chrysene)、荧蒽(Fluoranthene)、苊(Acenaphthene)为主要污染物。通过特征比值法开展污染源解析, 分析显示养殖水体PAHs来源于石油源和混合燃烧源; 16种PAHs在不同阶段中的对虾肌肉中的总浓度为0.34—208.37 μg/kg (干重, dw), 其中12种PAHs的单体被检出, 生物样本中低环多环芳烃(LMW PAHs)占总PAHs的85.26%, 证实LMW PAHs是主要污染组分。检测数据显示, 对虾肌肉终生致癌风险值为1.08×10–11—2.02×10–8, 低于USEPA风险阈值1×10–6, 证实其食用致癌风险处于国际公认的安全阈值范围内, 符合可控风险标准。

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史西志(1979—), 男, 博士; 主要研究方向为养殖环境健康与水产品安全。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=版权所有 © 2026《水生生物学报》编辑部, copyrightOwner=北京中科期刊出版有限公司, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BVWjwntC4JcKKQdhaHkdXw==, magXml=k3dBlpnHdwloAYi3Chkn/w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Lzv46JgckQJI3xoz9Cv4TA==, pdfFileSize=745574, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VRDJPfUNKoI1AFWoMckkhA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=1oviSOBsfhghYUY9yrEaqQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

单雯雯(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要研究方向为渔业环境安全。E-mail:

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单雯雯(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要研究方向为渔业环境安全。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2019, 10(19): 6718-6723., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1259825000438161534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259825000459133055, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, companyId=1259825000438161534, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315283, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1259825000488493184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, companyId=1259825000438161534, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=宁波大学海洋学院, 宁波 315283)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1259825022684750149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Comparison of ∑PAHs in different periods (A) and different ponds (B), figureFileSmall=0vKVzGcYwJHEzpIyu+4FyA==, figureFileBig=VRDJPfUNKoI1AFWoMckkhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825023179678029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同时期(A)和不同池塘(B)中∑PAHs 的对比, figureFileSmall=0vKVzGcYwJHEzpIyu+4FyA==, figureFileBig=VRDJPfUNKoI1AFWoMckkhA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825025394270550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The lgBAF values of individual PAHs in shrimp, figureFileSmall=7QzkZ4GGjAYKkdGudIyaOA==, figureFileBig=RPel5ikFSQ42S/HrfcBGgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825025864032607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=图2, caption=凡纳滨对虾体内各 PAHs 的 lgBAF 值, figureFileSmall=7QzkZ4GGjAYKkdGudIyaOA==, figureFileBig=RPel5ikFSQ42S/HrfcBGgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825026065359204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Analysis of the sources of PAHs in water bodies cultured in different periods, figureFileSmall=EGQO4ly/K+U1TSO2dXz89w==, figureFileBig=slNeOHARcRN/IavIhOe23w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825026581258605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同养殖时期的养殖水体中 PAHs来源分析, figureFileSmall=EGQO4ly/K+U1TSO2dXz89w==, figureFileBig=slNeOHARcRN/IavIhOe23w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825027239764342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The RQ values of individual PAH in the culture system, figureFileSmall=1qx5EiY9SCiCl2XBsGqbUQ==, figureFileBig=dvpE2kJiaWlIxmH5VdQNlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825027516588413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=图4, caption=对虾养殖系统单体 PAHs 的风险熵值, figureFileSmall=1qx5EiY9SCiCl2XBsGqbUQ==, figureFileBig=dvpE2kJiaWlIxmH5VdQNlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1259825029160755589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Physical and chemical properties of 16 PAHs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称
Chinese name
英文名称
English name
英文简称
English
abbreviation
苯环数
Number of
benzene rings
分子量
Molecular
weight
分子式
Molecular
formula
辛醇−水分配
系数lg Kow
沸点
Boiling point
NaphthaleneNap2128.2C10H83.3218
苊稀AcenaphthyleneAcy3152.2C12H83.2275
AcenaphtheneAce3154.2C12H103.9279
FluoreneFlu3166.2C13H104.0295
PhenanthrenePhe3178.2C14H104.4340
AnthraceneAnt3178.2C14H104.4340
荧蒽FluorantheneFlt4202.3C16H104.9383
PyrenePyr4202.3C16H104.9404
苯并[a]蒽Bnezo(a)anthraceneBaA4228.3C18H125.5435
ChryseneChr4228.3C18H125.5448
苯并[b]荧蒽Bnezo(b)flourantheneBbF5252.3C20H126.1481
苯并[k]荧蒽Bnezo(k)flourantheneBkF5252.3C20H126.1480
苯并[a]芘Bnezo(a)pyreneBaP5252.3C20H126.1496
茚并[1, 2, 3-c, d]芘Indeno(1, 2, 3- c, d)pyreneIcP6276.3C22H126.7536
二苯并[a, h]蒽Dibenz(a, h)anthraceneDhA5278.4C22H146.7524
苯并[g, h, i]苝Benzo(g, h, i)peryleneBgP6276.3C22H126.7550
), ArticleFig(id=1259825029471134091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

16 种PAHs 的物理化学性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中文名称
Chinese name
英文名称
English name
英文简称
English
abbreviation
苯环数
Number of
benzene rings
分子量
Molecular
weight
分子式
Molecular
formula
辛醇−水分配
系数lg Kow
沸点
Boiling point
NaphthaleneNap2128.2C10H83.3218
苊稀AcenaphthyleneAcy3152.2C12H83.2275
AcenaphtheneAce3154.2C12H103.9279
FluoreneFlu3166.2C13H104.0295
PhenanthrenePhe3178.2C14H104.4340
AnthraceneAnt3178.2C14H104.4340
荧蒽FluorantheneFlt4202.3C16H104.9383
PyrenePyr4202.3C16H104.9404
苯并[a]蒽Bnezo(a)anthraceneBaA4228.3C18H125.5435
ChryseneChr4228.3C18H125.5448
苯并[b]荧蒽Bnezo(b)flourantheneBbF5252.3C20H126.1481
苯并[k]荧蒽Bnezo(k)flourantheneBkF5252.3C20H126.1480
苯并[a]芘Bnezo(a)pyreneBaP5252.3C20H126.1496
茚并[1, 2, 3-c, d]芘Indeno(1, 2, 3- c, d)pyreneIcP6276.3C22H126.7536
二苯并[a, h]蒽Dibenz(a, h)anthraceneDhA5278.4C22H146.7524
苯并[g, h, i]苝Benzo(g, h, i)peryleneBgP6276.3C22H126.7550
), ArticleFig(id=1259825029882175889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The values of NCs and MPCs of individual PAHs in seawater and TEF values of individual PAHs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多环芳烃
PAHs
可忽略浓度
NCs (ng/L)
最大允许浓度
MPCs (ng/L)
毒性当量因子
TEFi
Nap1212000.001
Acy0.7700.001
Ace0.7700.001
Flu0.7700.001
Phe33000.001
Ant0.7700.01
Flt33000.001
Pyr0.7700.001
BaA0.1100.1
Chr3.43400.01
BbF0.1100.1
BkF0.4400.1
BaP0.5501
IcP0.4400.1
DhA0.5501
BgP0.3300.01
), ArticleFig(id=1259825030263857558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同 PAHs 单体对应的水中的NCs值和MPCs值及其TEF值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多环芳烃
PAHs
可忽略浓度
NCs (ng/L)
最大允许浓度
MPCs (ng/L)
毒性当量因子
TEFi
Nap1212000.001
Acy0.7700.001
Ace0.7700.001
Flu0.7700.001
Phe33000.001
Ant0.7700.01
Flt33000.001
Pyr0.7700.001
BaA0.1100.1
Chr3.43400.01
BbF0.1100.1
BkF0.4400.1
BaP0.5501
IcP0.4400.1
DhA0.5501
BgP0.3300.01
), ArticleFig(id=1259825030712648092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

16 PAHs concentration and composition in the shrimp culture system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多环芳烃
单体PAHs
最小值
Minimum
(ng/L)
最大值
Maximum
(ng/L)
平均值
Average
(ng/L)
中值
Median
(ng/L)
Nap22.49197.2997.98±57.2981.69
Acy1.7528.267.24±5.945.02
Ace1.0010.932.93±2.012.32
Flu1.5212.965.31±2.835.06
Phe1.428.152.82±1.032.79
Ant2.6637.9114.09±6.3814.86
Flt1.609.533.44±1.712.82
Pyr0.8912.635.73±2.655.31
BaA1.583.772.57±0.532.64
ChrND2.450.64±0.510.50
BbF1.295.101.89±0.741.58
BkF2.355.253.72±0.733.78
BaP0.662.751.45±0.351.40
IcPND4.161.20±1.220.84
DhA2.483.772.97±0.322.85
BgP2.905.404.01±0.433.99
∑PAHs44.62350.46157.99±84.66137.45
), ArticleFig(id=1259825031090135457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

凡纳滨对虾养殖场水体中16种PAHs的含量组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多环芳烃
单体PAHs
最小值
Minimum
(ng/L)
最大值
Maximum
(ng/L)
平均值
Average
(ng/L)
中值
Median
(ng/L)
Nap22.49197.2997.98±57.2981.69
Acy1.7528.267.24±5.945.02
Ace1.0010.932.93±2.012.32
Flu1.5212.965.31±2.835.06
Phe1.428.152.82±1.032.79
Ant2.6637.9114.09±6.3814.86
Flt1.609.533.44±1.712.82
Pyr0.8912.635.73±2.655.31
BaA1.583.772.57±0.532.64
ChrND2.450.64±0.510.50
BbF1.295.101.89±0.741.58
BkF2.355.253.72±0.733.78
BaP0.662.751.45±0.351.40
IcPND4.161.20±1.220.84
DhA2.483.772.97±0.322.85
BgP2.905.404.01±0.433.99
∑PAHs44.62350.46157.99±84.66137.45
), ArticleFig(id=1259825031870276011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Concentration of ∑PAHs in different aquaculture water

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区Area多环芳烃总量
∑PAHs (ng/L)
来源Source
凡纳滨对虾养殖系统Litopenaeus
vannamei Aquaculture System
44.62—350.46本研究
微山湖养殖湖区
Aquaculture Area of Weishan Lake
5348.8—12970.8[24]
南海北部湾养殖区
Beibu Gulf Aquaculture Area,
South China Sea
63.20—172.30[25]
广东省养殖区Guangdong
Aquaculture Areas, China
53.55—679.97[26]
大连养殖区
Dalian Aquaculture Areas, China
ND—180[27]
江苏水产品养殖区
Jiangsu Aquaculture Areas, China
30—460[28]
渤海西北部海域
The Northwest Bohai Sea
108—204[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1259825033606717874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

部分海水与淡水养殖区水体∑PAHs含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区Area多环芳烃总量
∑PAHs (ng/L)
来源Source
凡纳滨对虾养殖系统Litopenaeus
vannamei Aquaculture System
44.62—350.46本研究
微山湖养殖湖区
Aquaculture Area of Weishan Lake
5348.8—12970.8[24]
南海北部湾养殖区
Beibu Gulf Aquaculture Area,
South China Sea
63.20—172.30[25]
广东省养殖区Guangdong
Aquaculture Areas, China
53.55—679.97[26]
大连养殖区
Dalian Aquaculture Areas, China
ND—180[27]
江苏水产品养殖区
Jiangsu Aquaculture Areas, China
30—460[28]
渤海西北部海域
The Northwest Bohai Sea
108—204[29]
), ArticleFig(id=1259825033992593850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The content and composition of PAHs in Litopenaeus vannamei during different period (μg/kg dw)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多环芳烃PAHsP1时期
P1 period
P2时期
P2 period
P3时期
P3 period
P4时期
P4 period
P5时期
P5 period
质量分数
Mass fraction (%)
检出率
Detection rate (%)
Nap28.5047.2531.5629.92162.7514.46100.00
Acy3.754.944.335.272.961.02100.00
Ace2.662.982.542.519.680.98100.00
Flu7.128.567.469.656.771.91100.00
Phe34.2544.9740.2847.8117.748.92100.00
Ant30.5939.7235.3542.37ND7.1380.00
Flt64.3290.4584.2082.717.0215.84100.00
Pyr156.16208.37194.05188.7529.0337.42100.00
BaA3.744.317.868.953.811.38100.00
Chr5.405.888.8010.760.711.52100.00
BbF5.296.8414.1011.540.451.84100.00
BkF5.557.2714.9013.910.342.02100.00
BaP5.296.8414.1011.54ND1.8280.00
IcP6.8810.0617.5021.77ND2.7180.00
DhA1.761.832.593.19ND0.4580.00
BgP0.631.192.706.610.710.57100.00
), ArticleFig(id=1259825034391052736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1259198853740773394, articleId=1259824982851445634, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同时期凡纳滨对虾体内 PAHs 含量和组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
多环芳烃PAHsP1时期
P1 period
P2时期
P2 period
P3时期
P3 period
P4时期
P4 period
P5时期
P5 period
质量分数
Mass fraction (%)
检出率
Detection rate (%)
Nap28.5047.2531.5629.92162.7514.46100.00
Acy3.754.944.335.272.961.02100.00
Ace2.662.982.542.519.680.98100.00
Flu7.128.567.469.656.771.91100.00
Phe34.2544.9740.2847.8117.748.92100.00
Ant30.5939.7235.3542.37ND7.1380.00
Flt64.3290.4584.2082.717.0215.84100.00
Pyr156.16208.37194.05188.7529.0337.42100.00
BaA3.744.317.868.953.811.38100.00
Chr5.405.888.8010.760.711.52100.00
BbF5.296.8414.1011.540.451.84100.00
BkF5.557.2714.9013.910.342.02100.00
BaP5.296.8414.1011.54ND1.8280.00
IcP6.8810.0617.5021.77ND2.7180.00
DhA1.761.832.593.19ND0.4580.00
BgP0.631.192.706.610.710.57100.00
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养殖环境中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析及风险评估
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单雯雯 , 吴钰瑶 , 张泽明 , 张蓉蓉 , 史西志
水生生物学报 | 水生态与环境 2026,50(5): 052615-156-052615-165
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水生生物学报 | 水生态与环境 2026, 50(5): 052615-156-052615-165
养殖环境中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析及风险评估
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单雯雯 , 吴钰瑶, 张泽明, 张蓉蓉, 史西志
作者信息
  • 宁波大学海洋学院, 宁波 315283
  • 单雯雯(2000—), 女, 硕士研究生; 主要研究方向为渔业环境安全。E-mail:

通讯作者:

史西志(1979—), 男, 博士; 主要研究方向为养殖环境健康与水产品安全。E-mail:
POLLUTION CHARACTERISATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT
Wen-Wen SHAN , Yu-Yao WU, Ze-Ming ZHANG, Rong-Rong ZHANG, Xi-Zhi SHI
Affiliations
  • School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315283, China
出版时间: 2026-05-15 doi: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0162
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本文章对某养殖水−生物系统中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染特征、生态环境风险和人体健康风险进行了研究。结果显示, 16种PAHs (∑PAHs)在养殖水体中的总浓度为44.62—350.46 ng/L且全部有检出, 其中单体萘(Naphthalene)、菲(Phenanthrene)、苯并[a]蒽(Benzo[a]anthracene)、芘(Pyrene)、屈(Chrysene)、荧蒽(Fluoranthene)、苊(Acenaphthene)为主要污染物。通过特征比值法开展污染源解析, 分析显示养殖水体PAHs来源于石油源和混合燃烧源; 16种PAHs在不同阶段中的对虾肌肉中的总浓度为0.34—208.37 μg/kg (干重, dw), 其中12种PAHs的单体被检出, 生物样本中低环多环芳烃(LMW PAHs)占总PAHs的85.26%, 证实LMW PAHs是主要污染组分。检测数据显示, 对虾肌肉终生致癌风险值为1.08×10–11—2.02×10–8, 低于USEPA风险阈值1×10–6, 证实其食用致癌风险处于国际公认的安全阈值范围内, 符合可控风险标准。

多环芳烃  /  污染特征  /  生态风险评估  /  人体健康风险

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as a class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), tend to accumulate in organisms due to their lipophilic. Penaeus vannamei, widely cultivated in such settings, is particularly susceptible to PAHs contamination, which may ultimately endanger human health. In this study, the contamination characteristics, ecological risks, and human health risks of 16 PAHs in a cultured water-biological system were investigated. Results showed that the total concentrations of the 16 PAHs (∑PAHs) in aquaculture water ranged from 44.62 to 350.46 ng/L, with Nap, Phe, BaA, Pyr, Chr, Flu, and Ace being the main pollutants. Pollution source analysis based on characteristic ratios showed that PAHs originated primarily from oil, coal combustion, and other biomass combustion. In shrimp muscle, the total concentrations of 16 PAHs ranged from 0.34 to 208.37 μg/kg (dry weight, dw), with 12 PAHs detected, and LMW PAHs predominated, while 5- and 6-ring PAHs accounted for minor proportions. The ILCR values associated with dietary exposure to shrimp ranged from 1.08×10–11—2.02×10–8, which was much lower than the USEPA standard value of 1×10–6, indicating negligible carcinogenic risk under current conditions.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons  /  Pollution characteristics  /  Ecological risk assessment  /  Human health risk
单雯雯, 吴钰瑶, 张泽明, 张蓉蓉, 史西志. 养殖环境中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析及风险评估. 水生生物学报, 2026 , 50 (5) : 052615-156 -052615-165 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0162
Wen-Wen SHAN, Yu-Yao WU, Ze-Ming ZHANG, Rong-Rong ZHANG, Xi-Zhi SHI. POLLUTION CHARACTERISATION AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE AQUACULTURE ENVIRONMENT[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica, 2026 , 50 (5) : 052615-156 -052615-165 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0162
多环芳烃(PAHs)是分子中含有两个以上苯环的碳氢化合物, 是一类半挥发性、持久性有机污染物, 具有很强的胚胎毒性、致癌性、致畸性和诱变性[1]。迄今为止, 已发现100多种PAHs, 它们分布在多介质环境并在全球范围内广泛存在[2]。PAHs通过陆源输入或大气干湿沉降等途径, 由于其具有亲水性和高辛醇−水分配系数的特性, PAHs 极易进入水生环境。多环芳烃已被证实会对水生生物产生强烈影响, 如鳃变形、渗透压调节失衡和内分泌失调[3, 4]。郑榕辉和王重辉[5]、饶泽昌[6]研究显示, PAHs可引发鱼类繁殖生理功能受损。值得注意的是, PAHs发生生物蓄积后可经多级营养传递形成生物放大效应[710], 这些特性已经对生态系统和人类健康构成威胁[1114]
目前研究主要集中在水体和水产品中PAHs的含量和风险评估, 或沉积物及水产品中PAHs的残留与风险分析。多环芳烃污染在不同养殖环境中普遍发生, 污染程度因地区和养殖模式而异。如上海金山的罗氏沼虾养殖塘, 水体、沉积物、土壤、浮游生物和罗氏沼虾体内都有多环芳烃检出, 该养殖塘水中多环芳烃总含量为342.76—1520.83 ng/L, 沉积物为1763.70—3656.97 ng/g, 土壤为1000.45—2138.46 ng/g, 罗氏沼虾体内为63.09—148.77 ng/g[13]。华北、东北等工业密集区域的养殖区PAHs污染较严重, 部分区域表层沉积物中∑PAHs浓度超过1000 ng/g, 接近严重污染水平[15, 16]。调查证实, PAHs主要通过三种暴露途径进入人体, 包括经皮渗透、呼吸道暴露及膳食摄取, 其中膳食途径贡献率高达90%以上[17]。尽管水产品在膳食结构中的占比约为10%, 却构成PAHs向人体迁移的关键暴露渠道[18]。凡纳滨对虾主要特点为肉质富含蛋白质、矿物质和维生素, 具有较高的营养价值, 深受消费者喜爱, 在我国水产养殖业中, 虾类作为重要的板块之一, 其养殖产量占据了水产品养殖总产量的11%左右, 随着凡纳滨对虾养殖面积不断扩展, 其产量也在不断增加。数据显示, 2020年我国凡纳滨对虾养殖产量从2013年的81.25万吨增长到了119.77万吨。水产养殖系统作为半封闭环境, 已成为PAHs的重要汇集区, 包括养殖投喂、塑料器具老化、水体交换引入外源污染等过程持续输入PAHs。PAHs污染日益严重, 严重危害对虾养殖环境和人体健康。因此, 需要对养殖系统中的多环芳烃的污染状况进行研究, 以阐明多环芳烃在养殖中的风险, 保障环境和人体健康。
本研究根据凡纳滨对虾生长周期采集养殖区水体和生物样品, 测定PAHs含量, 探明其污染特征并对水体和凡纳滨对虾进行生态风险和健康风险评估, 以期为养殖系统中PAHs污染防治提供参考, 对保障食品安全、科学防范健康风险具有指导作用。
实验所用主要试剂包括甲醇、二氯甲烷、正己烷和乙腈, 均为色谱纯。以正己烷为溶剂, 实验选用 16 种多环芳烃混合标准品及氘代内标液(o2si公司, 浓度2000 mg/L)进行溶液配制。固相萃取柱包含C18固相萃取柱(500 mg/6 mL)和Florisil 固相萃取柱(1 g/6 mL), 均购自安谱公司。气相色谱−三重四极杆串联质谱仪(Agilent公司, 7890B-7000D), 16种多环芳烃具体信息见表 1
养殖系统由5个功能单元构成: 总进水口(Z)、蓄水池(X)、养殖池(Y)、尾水收集池(W)及水处理池(C)。在虾苗投放阶段后和成虾期前完成8批次样品采集工作。采样时期分别记为 P1—P5时期, 基于凡纳滨对虾的发育阶段特征, 将P1阶段划定为仔虾期, 幼虾期涵盖P2—P4阶段, 成虾期则对应P5阶段。本研究分析的生物样品为对虾的腹部肌肉。在采样后, 分离虾腹部, 小心剥离外骨骼, 完整收集腹部肌肉组织。收集的肌肉样品经保存于–80℃备用。每次采取各养殖池水样及养殖池对虾样本。每个采样点收集5 L表层水样装于玻璃瓶, 经0.45 μm孔径滤膜预处理后, 置于4℃冷藏环境保存。
水样品前处理  水样经0.45 μm的混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜完成初步过滤后, 定量移取500.0 mL滤后水样至玻璃容器, 顺序注入5.0 mL色谱纯甲醇及20.0 ng内标, 经超声提取10min使其充分混匀。随后依次用10 mL的二氯甲烷、甲醇及超纯水对C18固相萃取小柱进行活化处理, 当活化完成后以5 mL/min的速率开始上样, 待上样结束后固相萃取柱抽空干燥30min。然后采用10 mL的二氯甲烷实施洗脱。洗脱组分收集, 于30℃恒温水浴环境下进行氮吹浓缩至近干状态, 最终以200 μL正己烷复溶并用0.22 μm的有机相滤膜过滤后待上机检测。
生物样品前处理  精密称量1.00 g (dw)样品, 加入20.0 ng内标、20 mL乙腈及5 mL乙腈饱和的正己烷进行提取, 样品经涡旋振荡5min以充分混合后, 超声提取20min。提取完成后以6.5×103×g离心力离心10min, 收集乙腈层于玻璃试管中, 重复提取一次, 合并两次乙腈层提取液。随后将提取液置于旋转蒸发仪旋蒸至近干, 加入1.4 mL正己烷复溶。Florisil固相萃取柱, 依次用10 mL二氯甲烷及10 mL正己烷活化, 将1.4 mL正己烷复溶样品上样, 采用10 mL二氯甲烷−正己烷(体积比1∶1)进行洗脱, 洗脱液经氮吹后加200 μL正己烷溶解, 0.22 μm有机相滤膜过滤后, 待上机检测。
检测使用安捷伦7890B-7000D GC-MS/MS气质联用仪。质谱条件: 离子源采用电子轰击源离子化源(EI), 电子能量采用70 eV, 选择多反应监测模式检测, 离子源温度为280℃, 传输线温度280℃, 四级杆温度为150℃, 设置4min溶剂延迟时间。色谱条件: 采用DB-5MS (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm)色谱柱; 载气为高纯氦气(纯度>99.999%), 流速为1.0 mL/min, 进样口温度为280℃; 不分流模式进样, 进样体积为1.0 μL; 色谱柱升温程序: 初始温度为70℃维持2min, 以20℃/min升至220℃, 5℃/min升至300℃保持5min。
为使实验数据的准确性得到保证, 在对水样和生物样品分析过程中, 对每批样品设置了过程空白、试剂空白、空白加标和重复样品(n=3)。为了定量目标PAHs 的浓度, 使用内标法(内标物浓度为100.0 μg/L)和标准曲线法(线性范围为1.0—400.0 μg/L, 线性相关性均大于0.9980)定量。水样和生物样中PAHs的测定方法检出限(S/N=3)分别为0.02—0.40 ng/L和0.01—0.2 μg/kg。对水样添加浓度为4.0、20.0和40.0 ng/L进行加标回收实验, 每个浓度梯度设置3个平行样品, PAHs的回收率为74.2%—108.7%, RSD小于9.8%; 对生物样品的添加浓度为2.0、10.0和20.0 μg/kg, PAHs的回收率为83.0%—106.0%, RSD小于8.6%。以上结果表明方法具有较好的准确度和灵敏度。
特征比值法作为一种简便高效的源解析技术, 其核心原理是通过分析环境介质中目标物质的浓度数据及其特征比值参数, 实现对物质来源的定性识别。PAHs的环境来源具有复杂性, 16种PAHs的生成路径存在显著差异, 其主要来源于化石燃料(如煤炭、石油)与生物质(如木材、秸秆)的不完全燃烧过程。然而, 不同燃料类型及燃烧条件所产生的PAHs单体组成及含量呈现特征性差异, 基于这一特性, 可通过关键单体的浓度比值来间接推断PAHs的具体来源。根据Yunker等[19]关于不同PAHs单体化合物的特征比值意义的解释, 本研究运用特征比值法开展PAHs源解析。FLT/(FLT+PYR)可进一步细化燃烧类型: 当比值小于0.4时, 归属于石油源; 比值介于0.4—0.5时, 表征为石油产品燃烧源; 若比值大于0.5, 则指示煤与生物质燃烧源。
生物积累因子(Bioaccumulationfactor, BAF, L/kg)作为衡量有机化合物在生物体内富集能力的核心参数, 指生物组织中污染物浓度(Cb, μg/kg)与水体溶解相中该污染物浓度(Cw, ng/L)的比值。这一参数本质上反映了生物对化合物的吸收速率与体内净化速率的动态平衡关系, 用于量化污染物通过生物向组织内蓄积的能力。计算公式:
$ {\mathrm{B A F}}=\frac{C_{{\mathrm{b}}}}{C_{{\mathrm{w}}}} \times 1000 \;\;\;$
本研究采用了Kalf等[20]的风险熵值法对凡纳滨对虾养殖系统中的水体进行风险评价, 计算公式:
$ {\mathrm{R Q}}_{{\mathrm{N C s}}}=\frac{C_{{\mathrm{P A H}}}}{C_{{\mathrm{Q V}}({\mathrm{N C s}})}} \;\;\;\;$
$ {\mathrm{R Q}}_{{\mathrm{M P C s}}}=\frac{C_{{\mathrm{P A H}}}}{C_{{\mathrm{Q V}}({\mathrm{M P C S}})}} $
在生态风险评估中, 模型涉及两类关键参数: 无效应浓度(No-Effect Concentration, NCs): 指污染物对生物不产生可观测有害效应的最高浓度; 最大容许浓度(Maximum Permissible Concentration, MPCs): 指污染物对生态系统不造成长期不可逆损害的最高阈值。因此风险熵值模型涉及两类关键参数: 低风险浓度风险熵值(RQNCs)与高风险浓度风险熵值(RQMPCs), 其中CPAH代表多环芳烃单体浓度(ng/L), CQV(NCs)和CQV(MPCs)分别对应为PAHs单体的低风险熵值和高风险熵值。具体评估规则: 若RQNCs<1时, 表明研究区域处于低生态风险等级, 此时污染物对生态环境的影响可忽略不计; 当RQNCs>1但RQMPCs<1时, 研究区域判定为中等风险污染状态, 意味着污染物已对生态系统产生一定压力, 需采取防控措施避免污染加剧; 当RQMPCs>1时, 则标志着研究区域可能面临严重生态风险, 需立即开展针对性治理以遏制污染扩散[21]。各PAHs单体对应的NCs值和MPCs值见表 2
Cao等[22]认为环境中ΣPAHs的生态风险等于RQ值大于1的单体PAH的加和。
$ {\mathrm{R Q}} {\sum}_{{\mathrm{P A H s(N C s)}}}={\sum}_{i=1}^{n} {\mathrm{R Q}}_{i({\mathrm{N C s}})} \quad {\mathrm{R Q}}_{i({\mathrm{N C s}})} \geq 1 $
$ {\mathrm{R Q}} {\sum}_{{\mathrm{P A H s(M P C s)}}}={\sum}_{i=1}^{n} {\mathrm{R Q}}_{i({\mathrm{M P C s}})} \quad {\mathrm{R Q}}_{i({\mathrm{M P C s}})} \geq 1 $
健康风险评价体系构建方面, 终身致癌风险指数(ILCR)可以用于量化人体通过膳食摄入PAHs污染水产品的潜在致癌概率。若ICLR<10–6时, 表明致癌风险可忽略, 对人体健康的影响处于安全阈值范围内; 当10–6<ICLR<10–4时, 判定为潜在致癌风险等级, 提示需对污染物暴露途径进行监测与控制; 当ICLR>10–4时, 则具有重大致癌风险, 需立即采取干预措施以降低风险, 计算公式:
$ {\mathrm{T E Q}}_{{\mathrm{B a P}}}={\sum}_{i}^{n} C_{i} \times {\mathrm{T E F}}_{{\mathrm{F}}} $
$ {\mathrm{I L C R}}=\frac{{\mathrm{E F}} \times {\mathrm{E D}} \times {\mathrm{I R}} \times {\mathrm{T E Q}}_{{\mathrm{B a P}}} \times {\mathrm{S F}} \times {\mathrm{C F}}}{{\mathrm{B W}} \times {\mathrm{A T}}} $
TEQBaP为膳食暴露效应, 单位为 μg/kg; Ci为某PAHs单体在生物体内的浓度(ng/g); EF为暴露频率, 取365 days/year; ED为暴露时间 a, 取USEPA推荐值为43年; IR为膳食暴露水平, 根据2024年中国统计年鉴, 全国居民水产品消费量为15.2 kg, 得出IR为41.64×10–3 kg/(person·d); BW为平均体重, 参考USEPA推荐值是70 kg; AT为有效致癌时间, 参考USEPA推荐值为 70a×365 d/a; SF为化学致癌物BaP的致癌斜率系数, 经口暴露取值为7.3 mg/(kg·d); CF为转换因子(10–6), TEFi是单体PAHs毒性当量因子。
对凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中PAHs进行分析研究, 结果表明养殖水体中16种PAHs均被检出(表 3)。污染贡献率较高的单体为萘(Nap, 2环) 74.6%、菲(Phe, 3环) 9.67%和芘(Pyr, 4环) 5.49%, 证实LMW PAHs是主要污染组分。这与PAHs的正辛醇水分配系数特性密切相关, LMW PAHs的正辛醇水分配系数较低更易溶于水体, 而HMW PAHs的正辛醇水分配系数高溶解度较低, 更趋向于吸附于沉积相。检测结果表明, 养殖水环境中16种多环芳烃单体定量检测显示浓度分布在ND-197.29 ng/L, 结果表明PAHs会受来源与物化性质影响, 存在显著浓度差异; 水体中∑PAHs浓度为44.62—350.46 ng/L, 平均浓度水平达157.99 ng/L。依据PAHs污染等级划分标准[23], 该养殖系统被划分为中度污染等级(50—250 ng/L)。
表 4所示, 相较于部分淡水养殖区域及海水环境, 本研究养殖系统水体中∑16PAHs浓度低于江苏水产品养殖区(30—460 ng/L), 与渤海西北部海域(108—204 ng/L)相近, 综合分析显示, 本研究中的凡纳滨对虾养殖水体的PAHs污染等级被判定为中等偏低水平。
本研究按养殖周期划分为3个阶段: 起始期(P1)、生长期(P2-P4)及收获期(P5)。从图 1可以看出, 收获期水体中∑PAHs水平要高于起始期和生长期, 养殖池中∑PAHs水平略高于蓄水池和尾水池, 分析其主要原因, 一是养殖水体中PAHs残留, 二是养殖过程中伴随饲料等投入品使用的增长, 残饵与排泄物持续释放污染物, 并在养殖池中累积。已经有研究表明饲料等投入品中普遍存在PAHs污染, 且与水体中具有相似的组成[30]。相较尾水池, 处理池中∑PAHs水平更高, 可能是因为处理池承接养殖池的初始排水, 直接接收高浓度的残饵、排泄物等, 这些物质在不完全降解或化学转化过程中易生成PAHs。养殖池中∑PAHs水平误差相对较大, 可能是由于凡纳滨对虾在不同的养殖时期中的养殖池中存在对虾密度差异, 密度差异会对生物扰动产生影响, 从而影响养殖池中∑PAHs水平[3133]
基于凡纳滨对虾的发育阶段特征, 将P1阶段划定为仔虾期, 幼虾期涵盖P2至P4阶段, 成虾期则对应P5阶段。表 5详细呈现了各生长阶段凡纳滨对虾体内多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布特征与浓度水平。凡纳滨对虾体内共有12种PAHs检出, 而Ant、IcP、BaP和DhA均未检出。在凡纳滨对虾生物样本中, LMW PAHs占主导地位而HMW PAHs占比相对较低。不同发育阶段的∑PAHs累积含量均值呈现显著动态变化特征: P1—P5阶段的含量依次为361.89、491.48、482.30、497.25和241.91 μg/kg dw, 整个监测时期的∑PAHs整体平均浓度为414 μg/kg dw。与黄河口养殖区域的虾类样本[30]相比, 本研究中凡纳滨对虾体内PAHs的浓度水平呈现更高的污染特征, 但低于微山湖养殖区[24]的检测数据, 本养殖区的平均浓度水平整体处于国内中等污染水平。
已有研究表明, PAHs在生物个体发育阶段呈现差异化的生物积累能力[31]。本研究通过生物积累因子(BAF)量化PAHs在凡纳滨对虾肌肉中的富集能力(图 2), 并揭示积累能力的生长期依赖性。幼虾期(P2—P4)对PAHs的富集能力显著高于其他阶段, 尤以Pyr、Flt、Chr 最为突出(lgBAF>3.7), 证实幼虾期为PAHs积累的关键风险窗口。成虾期(P5)lgBAF均值降至3.00, 且高环PAHs (如BbF、BkF)浓度显著降低(>90%), 支持PAHs代谢能力增强机制。同时, PAHs的亲脂特性与其生物积累密切相关[34], 如图 2所示, 在P1至P5时期PAHs的lgBAF平均值分别为3.34、3.45、3.55、3.60和3.00。凡纳滨对虾体内PAHs各单体的lgBAF值分布在1.96—4.56。其中, Pyr、Flt、Chr和Phe的lgBAF值均高于3.7, 被判定为具有生物积累性; Flu、BaA、Ace和BkF的lgBAF值处于3.3—3.7, 被认为存在潜在生物积累性; 其余PAHs单体lgBAF值均低于3.3, 未显示出生物积累能力[35]
同时, 为探究养殖水体与凡纳滨对虾体内PAHs污染的动态关联, 本研究对比了P1至P5阶段水体与对虾肌肉中PAHs的浓度变化及组成特征。水体中LMW PAHs (2—3环)占比>90%, 虾肌肉中LMW PAHs占比85.26% (以Nap、Pyr、Phe为主), 表明水体LMW PAHs是虾体污染的主要来源; 且HMW PAHs在水体和虾肌肉中占比均较低, 进一步验证污染来源一致性。同时, 研究发现, 水体中∑PAHs在P5 (收获期)达到最大值(350.46 ng/L), 而虾肌肉中∑PAHs在P5期降至最低(241.91 μg/kg dw), 表明成虾期水体污染加重并未导致肌肉PAHs累积增加, 可能与成虾代谢能力增强, 肝胰腺解毒功能提升有关。
采用特征比值法对养殖水体中PAHs的来源进行解析(图 3)。因水体样品中IcP和BgP浓度低于检测限, 故未采用IcP/(IcP+BgP)比值参与源解析。在所有养殖时期的水体样品中Ant/(Ant+Phe)的值均大于0.1, 这表明在不同的时期中凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中PAHs燃烧源的存在。仔虾期的水体样品来自P1阶段, 幼虾期的水体样品来自P2—P4阶段, 成虾期的水体样品来自P5阶段。对于Flt/(Flt+Pyr)的比值, 仔虾期水体的样本点主要分布在石油和石油燃烧区, 指示了直接的石油来源以及石油燃烧源; 而幼虾期水体的样本是所有样本点中最为分散的, 跨越了35个区域, 表明了较为复杂的混合来源, 即石油源及石油、煤和生物质的混合燃烧源; 不同于仔虾和幼虾期, 成虾期水体的样本点则主要聚集在石油燃烧区, 表明其中的PAHs主要来源于石油燃烧。总的来说, 凡纳滨对虾养殖水体中PAHs的来源较为广泛, 是石油源和燃烧源的混合来源, 但不同的养殖阶段又具有其各自特定的来源。研究区域的直接石油源可能来自渔民渔船的频繁活动所产生的石油泄漏, 如柴油和机油等液体燃料油的泄漏; 燃烧源则与附近居民的活动紧密相关, 如船用油的燃烧, 车辆交通排放及家庭取暖活动等的燃烧排放, 燃烧排放所产生的PAHs通过空气干湿沉降等途径最终进入到水体中。
采用风险熵值法评估养殖水体中PAHs的生态风险结果如图 4所示, ANT和Chr的RQMPCs及RQNCs值均低于1, 证实其生态风险处于可忽略水平。其余PAHs单体的呈现RQMPCs值<1且RQNCs值>1的差异化风险特征, 符合中等环境风险的生态风险分类标准。经计算, RQ∑PAHs(NCs)的数值介于1—800。凡纳滨对虾养殖系统的池塘环境中, 养殖全程∑PAHs造成的生态环境风险处于较低水平, 表明该养殖系统的PAHs污染程度相对较轻。
经计算显示, 凡纳滨对虾养殖期间, 对虾肌肉组织内 PAHs的ILCR值处于1.08×10–11—2.02×10–8。该数值显著低于USEPA制定的指导值1×10–6, 这说明食用凡纳滨对虾引发的安全风险在可控范围内。研究结果表明, BaA、Icp与DhA对终身致癌风险指数(ILCR)的贡献最为突出, 这一分布特征与已有研究结论基本一致[36]。与其他区域的水产品风险评估结果相比, 本研究中凡纳滨对虾的终生致癌风险水平低于上海金山养殖塘罗氏沼虾[13]和大亚湾中海洋生物[37]中的致癌风险, 但是与江苏养殖区鱼体相似[38]
本研究首次系统揭示了凡纳滨对虾养殖系统中多环芳烃(PAHs)的动态迁移规律和暴露风险。养殖水体中16种PAHs的总浓度处于中等偏低污染水平, 养殖水体∑PAHs浓度(44.62—350.46 ng/L)以LMW PAHs为主导(>90%), 其中萘(Nap)、菲(Phe)、芘(Pyr)为关键污染物, 主要来源于石油源和燃烧源的混合来源。成虾期(P5)水体∑PAHs达峰值(350.46 ng/L)时, 而对虾肌肉∑PAHs反而降至最低(241.91 μg/kg dw), 突破“污染输入−生物累积”的线性认知, 证实PAHs残留可能与成虾代谢能力增强, 肝胰腺解毒功能提升有关。同时, 研究表明, 幼虾期(P2-P4)是PAHs富集的核心阶段, 芘(Pyr)、荧蒽(Flt)等单体的lgBAF值超3.7 (最高达4.56), 生物积累因子(BAF)较成虾期高5—8倍, 明确幼虾期为污染防控关键节点。
养殖系统水体中PAHs的生态风险以低风险为主, 水体中BaP、BaA等单体RQMPCs接近阈值(>0.8); 对虾肌肉终生致癌风险(ILCR=1.08×10–11—2.02×10–8)虽低于安全阈值, 但BaA、IcP、DhA贡献率达89%。因此, BaP、BaA、IcP、DhA建议作为优先监控单体和重点管控组分。
建议相关部门参照国标中多环芳烃的测定, 进行制定水产养殖环境PAHs监测规范, 将多环芳烃中高生态风险单体作为重点监测指标, 并建立 PAHs 污染预警机制; 同时, 结合我国居民膳食结构, 完善水产品PAHs限量标准, 加强养殖水产品上市前的PAHs残留检测, 确保食品安全。
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2026年第50卷第5期
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doi: 10.3724/1000-3207.2025.2025.0162
  • 接收时间:2025-05-13
  • 首发时间:2026-05-09
  • 出版时间:2026-05-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-13
  • 修回日期:2025-11-03
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    宁波大学海洋学院, 宁波 315283

通讯作者:

史西志(1979—), 男, 博士; 主要研究方向为养殖环境健康与水产品安全。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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