Article(id=1276897214219809058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, issueId=1276896975568109838, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/j.slxb.20250298, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1748102400000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782365619473, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1779206400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782365619473, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782365619473, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782365619473, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276896975568109838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, year='2026', volume='57', issue='5', pageStart='651', pageEnd='808', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779206400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782365562574, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782367019422, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276903086153142605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, issueId=1276896975568109838, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276903086153142606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, issueId=1276896975568109838, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=716, endPage=731, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276897214437912868, articleId=1276897214219809058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, language=EN, title=Research on methods for segmentation, recognition, and rapid evaluation of exposed rocks on lift joint surface of rock-filled concrete dams, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Exposed rocks on the lift joint surface of Rock-filled Concrete (RFC) dams can significantly enhance the shear capacity of the lift joints. While relevant codes and standards stipulate specific requirements regarding exposure of rocks at lift joints, there is currently a lack of rapid and effective detection and evaluation methods. This paper proposes a rapid segmentation and recognition algorithm for exposed rocks at lift joints, based on YOLOv11-Seg and incorporating the Slim-Neck attention mechanism and the FASFFHead detection head. Furthermore, by integrating actual engineering data and the latest code specifications, an evaluation method for exposure of rocks on lift joint surface is established based on the aforementioned segmentation algorithm. The research results indicate that the improved YOLOv11-Seg model achieves detection precision and recall rates of 91.4% and 89.33%, respectively, representing increases of 8.6% and 7.8% compared to the initial model, while maintaining high training and recognition efficiency. The measured exposure ratio of rocks at lift joints in actual RFC dam placements exhibits significant variation, and the detection results for individual lift joints conform to a Weibull distribution. In conjunction with the newly revised standard NB/T 10077-2024, Code for Design of Rock-Filled Concrete Dams, the proposed method can effectively evaluate the condition of surface-exposed rock on-site. The horizontal projected area of the exposed rocks shows a hyperbolic relationship with the outropping height of rocks and a linear correlation with the vertical projected area; this relationship can be utilized to further assess the enhancement of the interfacial shear capacity contributed by the exposed rocks. This research provides technical means and a foundation for monitoring and evaluating the quality of lift joints in Rock-filled Concrete dams.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yu AN, Jiaqi YANG, Yuanlong CHENG, Hao LIU, Feng JIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276897219114561864, articleId=1276897214219809058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, language=CN, title=堆石混凝土坝层面露石分割识别与快速评价方法研究, columnId=0, journalTitle=水利学报, columnName=, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

堆石混凝土坝施工层面露石可以显著提高层面抗剪能力,相关规范标准均提出了关于层面露石的具体要求,但目前尚缺乏快速有效的检测评价方法。本文在YOLOv11-Seg模型基础上,引入Slim-Neck注意力机制与FASFFHead检测头,提出了层面露石的快速分割识别算法;结合实际工程数据与最新规范,给出了基于前述分割识别算法的层面露石评价方法。研究结果表明:改进后的YOLOv11-Seg模型在保持较高训练和识别效率的前提下,将检测精确率与召回率提升到91.4%和89.33%,较原始模型分别提升8.6%和7.8%;堆石混凝土坝实际仓面的层面露石率变幅较大,单个层面的露石率检测结果符合Weibull分布;结合新修订的《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》,本文方法能够较好地对现场层面露石情况进行评价;层面露石的水平投影面积与露石高度呈双曲线关系,与垂直投影面积呈线性相关,据此可进一步评估层面露石对抗剪承载力的增幅作用。本文研究可为堆石混凝土层面质量的监控与评价提供技术手段与基础。

, authors=

安宇(1999—),博士生,主要从事堆石混凝土筑坝智能化研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=安宇, 杨家琦, 程远龙, 刘昊, 金峰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨家琦(1993—),博士,助理研究员,主要从事堆石混凝土及其数智化施工研究。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=p48LxJxVud4nmzAjPNi34w==, magXml=VzNS9DxMCjTEWVHDIIXNkQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Z2tvMrghtUBnHC3nkuHUsg==, pdfFileSize=18742815, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lnodwo3kWrYWwyqdFtesMA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ovH+pj3KvsXS2pbZZBetMg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1277261283137294693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=a13966021325@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261283472839016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283137294693, language=EN, stringName=Yu AN, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=AN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261283565113705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283137294693, language=CN, stringName=安宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000, bio={"content":"

安宇(1999—),博士生,主要从事堆石混凝土筑坝智能化研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

安宇(1999—),博士生,主要从事堆石混凝土筑坝智能化研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282759807317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282772390230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282780778839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000)])]), Author(id=1277261283909046635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=demyang@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261284022292845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283909046635, language=EN, stringName=Jiaqi YANG, firstName=Jiaqi, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261284345254254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283909046635, language=CN, stringName=杨家琦, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282864664920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282877247833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282889830746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1277261284735324528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261284844376434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261284735324528, language=EN, stringName=Yuanlong CHENG, firstName=Yuanlong, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Hubei Energy Group Luotian Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Co.,Ltd,Huanggang 438000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261285263806835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261284735324528, language=CN, stringName=程远龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.湖北能源集团罗田平坦原抽水蓄能有限公司,湖北 黄冈 438000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282969522524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282977911133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282969522524, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Hubei Energy Group Luotian Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Co.,Ltd,Huanggang 438000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282986299742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282969522524, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖北能源集团罗田平坦原抽水蓄能有限公司,湖北 黄冈 438000)])]), Author(id=1277261285582573941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261287134466423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261285582573941, language=EN, stringName=Hao LIU, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261287327404408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261285582573941, language=CN, stringName=刘昊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261283053408608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261283061797217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261283053408608, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261283065991522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261283053408608, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410000)])]), Author(id=1277261287763612026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261288120127869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261287763612026, language=EN, stringName=Feng JIN, firstName=Feng, middleName=null, lastName=JIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China
2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261288526975358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261287763612026, language=CN, stringName=金峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000
2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282759807317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282772390230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282780778839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277261282864664920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282877247833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282889830746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1277261289000931711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=rock-filled concrete dams), Keyword(id=1277261289361641856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=exposed rock on lift joint surface), Keyword(id=1277261289785266561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=rapid and effective detection and evaluation method), Keyword(id=1277261290187919746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=YOLOv11), Keyword(id=1277261291584622979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=segmentation and recognition), Keyword(id=1277261291668509060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=evaluation method), Keyword(id=1277261291895001477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=堆石混凝土坝), Keyword(id=1277261292280877446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=层面露石), Keyword(id=1277261292385735047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=快速检测), Keyword(id=1277261292796776840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=YOLOv11), Keyword(id=1277261293140709769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=分割识别), Keyword(id=1277261293572723082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=评价方法)], refs=[Reference(id=1277261300661096889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金峰,安雪晖,石建军,等. 堆石混凝土及堆石混凝土大坝[J]. 水利学报,2005,36(11):1347-1352., articleTitle=金峰,安雪晖,石建军,等. 堆石混凝土及堆石混凝土大坝[J]. 水利学报,2005,36(11):1347-1352., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261300740788666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN F,AN X H,SHI J J,et al. Study on rock-fill concrete dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(11):1347-1352. (in Chinese), articleTitle=JIN F,AN X H,SHI J J,et al. Study on rock-fill concrete dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(11):1347-1352. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261300799508923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金峰,张国新,娄诗建,等. 整体浇筑堆石混凝土拱坝拱梁分载法分析研究[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(10):1307-1314., articleTitle=金峰,张国新,娄诗建,等. 整体浇筑堆石混凝土拱坝拱梁分载法分析研究[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(10):1307-1314., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261300866617788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN F,ZHANG G X,LOU S J,et al. Trial load analysis for integral casting RFC arch dams[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2020,51(10):1307-1314. (in Chinese), articleTitle=JIN F,ZHANG G X,LOU S J,et al. Trial load analysis for integral casting RFC arch dams[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2020,51(10):1307-1314. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261300925338045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN F,HUANG D R,LIN O M,et al. A brief review of rock-filled concrete dams and prospects for next-generation concrete dam construction technology[J]. Engineering,2024,32:99-105., articleTitle=JIN F,HUANG D R,LIN O M,et al. A brief review of rock-filled concrete dams and prospects for next-generation concrete dam construction technology[J]. Engineering,2024,32:99-105., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261300992446910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金峰,张国新,张全意. 绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝施工期温度分析[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(6):749-756., articleTitle=金峰,张国新,张全意. 绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝施工期温度分析[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(6):749-756., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301055361471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN F,ZHANG G X,ZHANG Q Y. Temperature analysis for Lyutang RFC arch dam in construction period[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2020,51(6):749-756. (in Chinese), articleTitle=JIN F,ZHANG G X,ZHANG Q Y. Temperature analysis for Lyutang RFC arch dam in construction period[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2020,51(6):749-756. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301122470336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐小蓉,余舜尧,金峰,等. 堆石混凝土流动填充与温升过程原型监测[J]. 水力发电学报,2022,41(11):159-170., articleTitle=徐小蓉,余舜尧,金峰,等. 堆石混凝土流动填充与温升过程原型监测[J]. 水力发电学报,2022,41(11):159-170., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301231522241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU X R,YU S Y,JIN F,et al. Flow filling and temperature rise of rock-filled concrete based on prototype monitoring[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2022,41(11):159-170. (in Chinese), articleTitle=XU X R,YU S Y,JIN F,et al. Flow filling and temperature rise of rock-filled concrete based on prototype monitoring[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2022,41(11):159-170. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301311214018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家能源局. 堆石混凝土坝设计规范:NB/T 10077—2024[S]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2024., articleTitle=中华人民共和国国家能源局. 堆石混凝土坝设计规范:NB/T 10077—2024[S]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2024., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301382517187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Code of Design for Rock-Filled Concrete Dams:NB/T 10077-2024[S]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2024. (in Chinese), articleTitle=National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Code of Design for Rock-Filled Concrete Dams:NB/T 10077-2024[S]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2024. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301449626052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=贵州省市场监督管理局. 堆石混凝土拱坝技术规范:[S]. 贵阳:贵州省市场监督管理局,2020.DB52/T 1545—2020, articleTitle=贵州省市场监督管理局. 堆石混凝土拱坝技术规范:[S]. 贵阳:贵州省市场监督管理局,2020., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301520929221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Guizhou Provincial Market Supervision Administration. Technical Code for Rock-Filled Concrete Arch Dams:[S]. Guiyang:Guizhou Provincial Market Supervision Administration,2020. (in Chinese)DB52/T 1545-2020, articleTitle=Guizhou Provincial Market Supervision Administration. Technical Code for Rock-Filled Concrete Arch Dams:[S]. Guiyang:Guizhou Provincial Market Supervision Administration,2020. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301613203910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国水利部. 胶结颗粒料筑坝技术导则:[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018.SL 678—2018, articleTitle=中华人民共和国水利部. 胶结颗粒料筑坝技术导则:[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301671924167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Technical Guideline for Cemented Material Dams:SL 678—2018[J]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2018. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Technical Guideline for Cemented Material Dams:SL 678—2018[J]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2018. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301730644424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家能源局. 水电水利工程堆石混凝土施工规范:[S]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2020.DL 5806—2020, articleTitle=中华人民共和国国家能源局. 水电水利工程堆石混凝土施工规范:[S]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2020., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301797753289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Construction Specification for Rock-Filled Concrete of Hydropower and Water Conservancy Engineering:DL 5806-2020[J]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2020. (in Chinese), articleTitle=National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Construction Specification for Rock-Filled Concrete of Hydropower and Water Conservancy Engineering:DL 5806-2020[J]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2020. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301864862154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=重庆市市场监督管理局. 水利水电工程单元工程施工质量验收评定 规范堆石混凝土工程:[S]. 重庆:重庆市市场监督管理局,2020.DB50/T 1045—2020, articleTitle=重庆市市场监督管理局. 水利水电工程单元工程施工质量验收评定 规范堆石混凝土工程:[S]. 重庆:重庆市市场监督管理局,2020., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301931971019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=18, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王放,赵春菊,喻葭临,等. 考虑堆叠遮挡的堆石料级配视觉智能推理方法[J]. 水利学报,2025,56(10):1292-1303., articleTitle=王放,赵春菊,喻葭临,等. 考虑堆叠遮挡的堆石料级配视觉智能推理方法[J]. 水利学报,2025,56(10):1292-1303., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261301994885580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG F,ZHAO C J,YU J L,et al. Visual intelligent inference method for material gradation in rockfill dams considering stacking occlusion[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2025,56(10):1292-1303. (in Chinese), articleTitle=WANG F,ZHAO C J,YU J L,et al. Visual intelligent inference method for material gradation in rockfill dams considering stacking occlusion[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2025,56(10):1292-1303. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302057800141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=20, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋本扬,崔博,张天伟,等. 碾压混凝土坝仓面碾压及摊铺状态视觉监控方法[J]. 水利学报,2025,56(4):445-454,465., articleTitle=宋本扬,崔博,张天伟,等. 碾压混凝土坝仓面碾压及摊铺状态视觉监控方法[J]. 水利学报,2025,56(4):445-454,465., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302112326094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG B Y,CUI B,ZHANG T W,et al. Visual monitoring method for the rolling and paving status of the roller compacted concrete dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2025,56(4):445-454,465. (in Chinese), articleTitle=SONG B Y,CUI B,ZHANG T W,et al. Visual monitoring method for the rolling and paving status of the roller compacted concrete dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2025,56(4):445-454,465. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302175240655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=22, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈乔楠,安雪晖,于玉贞. 基于视觉信息的堆石质量评价[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版,2013,53(1):48-52., articleTitle=沈乔楠,安雪晖,于玉贞. 基于视觉信息的堆石质量评价[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版,2013,53(1):48-52., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302246543824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN Q N,AN X H,YU Y Z. Rock-filled quality evaluation based on visual information[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2013,53(1):48-52. (in Chinese), articleTitle=SHEN Q N,AN X H,YU Y Z. Rock-filled quality evaluation based on visual information[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2013,53(1):48-52. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302305264081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘易,付立群,徐小蓉,等. 仓面大粒径堆石的图像处理与粒径识别[J]. 三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2022,44(6):28-34., articleTitle=刘易,付立群,徐小蓉,等. 仓面大粒径堆石的图像处理与粒径识别[J]. 三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2022,44(6):28-34., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302372372946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y,FU L Q,XU X R,et al. Image processing and particle size identification of large particle size rockfill on placement surface[J]. Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2022,44(6):28-34. (in Chinese), articleTitle=LIU Y,FU L Q,XU X R,et al. Image processing and particle size identification of large particle size rockfill on placement surface[J]. Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2022,44(6):28-34. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302447870419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=安宇,徐小蓉,尹志刚,等. 基于SAM & ImageJ图像处理的堆石混凝土坝层面露石率研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报,2024,35(1):154-161., articleTitle=安宇,徐小蓉,尹志刚,等. 基于SAM & ImageJ图像处理的堆石混凝土坝层面露石率研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报,2024,35(1):154-161., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302506590676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AN Y,XU X R,YIN Z G,et al. Research on exposed rockfill proportion of RFC surface based on SAM and ImageJ image processing[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2024,35(1):154-161. (in Chinese), articleTitle=AN Y,XU X R,YIN Z G,et al. Research on exposed rockfill proportion of RFC surface based on SAM and ImageJ image processing[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2024,35(1):154-161. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302569505237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Z B,CHEN Y H,ZHANG Y,et al. A deep learning model for predicting the production of coalbed methane considering time,space,and geological features[J]. Computers & Geosciences,2023,173:105312., articleTitle=ZHAO Z B,CHEN Y H,ZHANG Y,et al. A deep learning model for predicting the production of coalbed methane considering time,space,and geological features[J]. Computers & Geosciences,2023,173:105312., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302632419798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI H,HU Q T,MAO Y,et al. Deep learning-based model for automatic salt rock segmentation[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2022,55(6):3735-3747., articleTitle=LI H,HU Q T,MAO Y,et al. Deep learning-based model for automatic salt rock segmentation[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2022,55(6):3735-3747., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302707917271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAN L Q,LIU Y C,DU K,et al. Drilling rock image segmentation and analysis using segment anything model[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research,2024,12(2):89-101., articleTitle=SHAN L Q,LIU Y C,DU K,et al. Drilling rock image segmentation and analysis using segment anything model[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research,2024,12(2):89-101., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302779220440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE L H,ZHOU Y Z,LIU L,et al. Research and application of YOLOv11-based object segmentation in intelligent recognition at construction sites[J]. Buildings,2024,14(12):3777., articleTitle=HE L H,ZHOU Y Z,LIU L,et al. Research and application of YOLOv11-based object segmentation in intelligent recognition at construction sites[J]. Buildings,2024,14(12):3777., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302850523609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHANAM R,HUSSAIN M. YOLOv11:An overview of the key architectural enhancements[J]. ArXiv,2024.arXiv:., articleTitle=KHANAM R,HUSSAIN M. YOLOv11:An overview of the key architectural enhancements[J]. ArXiv,2024.arXiv:., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302930215386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REDMON J,DIVVALA S,GIRSHICK R,et al. You only look once:Unified,real-time object detection[C]// 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Las Vegas:IEEE,2016., articleTitle=REDMON J,DIVVALA S,GIRSHICK R,et al. You only look once:Unified,real-time object detection[C]// 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Las Vegas:IEEE,2016., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261302997324251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=34, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALI M L,ZHANG Z. The YOLO framework:A comprehensive review of evolution,applications,and benchmarks in object detection[J]. Computers,2024,13(12):336., articleTitle=ALI M L,ZHANG Z. The YOLO framework:A comprehensive review of evolution,applications,and benchmarks in object detection[J]. Computers,2024,13(12):336., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303072821724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SOHAN M,SAI R T,RAMI R C V. A review on YOLOV8 and its advancements[C]// Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics. Singapore:Springer,2024., articleTitle=SOHAN M,SAI R T,RAMI R C V. A review on YOLOV8 and its advancements[C]// Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics. Singapore:Springer,2024., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303131541981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIRILLOV A,MINTUN E,RAVI N,et al. Segment anything[C]// 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. Paris:IEEE,2024., articleTitle=KIRILLOV A,MINTUN E,RAVI N,et al. Segment anything[C]// 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. Paris:IEEE,2024., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303198650846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国家能源局. 堆石混凝土筑坝技术导则:NB/T 10077—2018[S]北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018., articleTitle=中华人民共和国国家能源局. 堆石混凝土筑坝技术导则:NB/T 10077—2018[S]北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303265759711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Technical Guide for Rock-Filled Concrete Dams:NB/T 10077-2018[J]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2018. (in Chinese), articleTitle=National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Technical Guide for Rock-Filled Concrete Dams:NB/T 10077-2018[J]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2018. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303353840096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=青海省市场监督管理局. 水利水电工程堆石混凝土坝施工质量检验与评定规范:[S]. 西宁:青海省市场监督管理局,2022.DB63/T 2086—2022, articleTitle=青海省市场监督管理局. 水利水电工程堆石混凝土坝施工质量检验与评定规范:[S]. 西宁:青海省市场监督管理局,2022., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303425143265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗滔,李玉洁,杨毅,等. 单块石粒径对自密实混凝土断裂性能的影响研究[J]. 水利学报,2023,54(10):1177-1187., articleTitle=罗滔,李玉洁,杨毅,等. 单块石粒径对自密实混凝土断裂性能的影响研究[J]. 水利学报,2023,54(10):1177-1187., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303500640738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=41, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO T,LI Y J,YANG Y,et al. Research on the effect of single rock size on the fracture performance of self-compacting concrete[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2023,54(10):1177-1187. (in Chinese), articleTitle=LUO T,LI Y J,YANG Y,et al. Research on the effect of single rock size on the fracture performance of self-compacting concrete[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2023,54(10):1177-1187. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303588721123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=秦根泉,梁必玦,蒋水华. 大型堆石混凝土试块特性对比试验研究[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2017,15(2):141-147., articleTitle=秦根泉,梁必玦,蒋水华. 大型堆石混凝土试块特性对比试验研究[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2017,15(2):141-147., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303706161636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIN G Q,LIANG B J,JIANG S H. Comparative experimental investigation on the properties of large rock-filled concrete test blocks[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2017,15(2):141-147. (in Chinese), articleTitle=QIN G Q,LIANG B J,JIANG S H. Comparative experimental investigation on the properties of large rock-filled concrete test blocks[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2017,15(2):141-147. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303806824933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任明倩,安雪晖,谭妮,等. 堆石骨料对混凝土层面剪切性能影响的试验研究[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版,2019,59(12):967-974., articleTitle=任明倩,安雪晖,谭妮,等. 堆石骨料对混凝土层面剪切性能影响的试验研究[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版,2019,59(12):967-974., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303899099622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN M Q,AN X H,TAN N,et al. Experimental study of the influence of rocks on the interlayer shear behavior of rock-filled concrete[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2019,59(12):967-974. (in Chinese), articleTitle=REN M Q,AN X H,TAN N,et al. Experimental study of the influence of rocks on the interlayer shear behavior of rock-filled concrete[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2019,59(12):967-974. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261303987180007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任明倩. 堆石混凝土层间界面剪切力学性能研究[D]. 北京:清华大学,2019., articleTitle=任明倩. 堆石混凝土层间界面剪切力学性能研究[D]. 北京:清华大学,2019., refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277261304062677480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN M Q. Research on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Rock-filled Concrete Construction Joints[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,2019. (in Chinese), articleTitle=REN M Q. Research on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Rock-filled Concrete Construction Joints[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,2019. (in Chinese), refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282759807317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282772390230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282780778839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277261282864664920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282877247833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282889830746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277261282969522524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282977911133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282969522524, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Hubei Energy Group Luotian Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Co.,Ltd,Huanggang 438000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282986299742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282969522524, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖北能源集团罗田平坦原抽水蓄能有限公司,湖北 黄冈 438000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277261283053408608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261283061797217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261283053408608, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261283065991522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261283053408608, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277261294457721227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=SAM-assisted surface exposed aggregate marking, figureFileSmall=himM2i2PwUKYtd8guP/Ifw==, figureFileBig=Hwd+m+okZdIwSPoja9QwFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296038973836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于SAM辅助的层面露石标注, figureFileSmall=himM2i2PwUKYtd8guP/Ifw==, figureFileBig=Hwd+m+okZdIwSPoja9QwFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296131248525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Algorithm framework of the improved YOLOv11-Seg, figureFileSmall=dRwIF1EsHmcWHmjxbSPn3A==, figureFileBig=h/qskwNJ4rWRT+qLsV8atw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296194163086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图2, caption=改进YOLOv11-Seg的算法框架, figureFileSmall=dRwIF1EsHmcWHmjxbSPn3A==, figureFileBig=h/qskwNJ4rWRT+qLsV8atw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296265466255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Integration of the Slim-Neck attention mechanism, figureFileSmall=y8xq5iL/GRJr0gXCAZDMKw==, figureFileBig=5mMjiWdlyoJgo5ilJUe/xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296353546640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Slim-Neck注意力机制的加入, figureFileSmall=y8xq5iL/GRJr0gXCAZDMKw==, figureFileBig=5mMjiWdlyoJgo5ilJUe/xA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296429044113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Incorporation of the ASFF detection head, figureFileSmall=Wk172qOHDcyoRHZVJ3DKvw==, figureFileBig=zjPWsdX2yviwNK5VIFaHQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296517124498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图4, caption=ASFF检测头的加入, figureFileSmall=Wk172qOHDcyoRHZVJ3DKvw==, figureFileBig=zjPWsdX2yviwNK5VIFaHQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296621982099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Training loss curves of different models, figureFileSmall=kVLV48jbiFDrRt44XSfORA==, figureFileBig=LZGzVGZlBbQB0ZAOIEXBcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296689090964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同模型训练的损失率变化曲线, figureFileSmall=kVLV48jbiFDrRt44XSfORA==, figureFileBig=LZGzVGZlBbQB0ZAOIEXBcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296756199829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Rock exposure detection performance of different model layers, figureFileSmall=GGpsUxveHhK3ZHX3XarK2A==, figureFileBig=uCWl1L/LHlKfq3t9YcImMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296827502998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同模型层面露石检测效果, figureFileSmall=GGpsUxveHhK3ZHX3XarK2A==, figureFileBig=uCWl1L/LHlKfq3t9YcImMg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296903000471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison example: Recognition results of manual annotation vs.the improved YOLOv11-Seg Model, figureFileSmall=+AYEGlqfTCZj6Zjc0pYPKA==, figureFileBig=rxK7xp5FMZNCiT/an9eeAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261296986886552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图7, caption=人工标注判别与改进YOLOv11-Seg模型识别结果的比较示例, figureFileSmall=+AYEGlqfTCZj6Zjc0pYPKA==, figureFileBig=rxK7xp5FMZNCiT/an9eeAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297049801113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of manual annotatio, SAM-ImageJ13,and YOLO Models, figureFileSmall=eU3wRbX8kDrqM+DsEzyMBw==, figureFileBig=51ZVnb3c8A4l60YX1SIAQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297142075802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图8, caption=人工标注判别、SAM-ImageJ13和YOLO系列模型识别结果比, figureFileSmall=eU3wRbX8kDrqM+DsEzyMBw==, figureFileBig=51ZVnb3c8A4l60YX1SIAQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297200796059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Layered zoning method for rock exposure detection, figureFileSmall=tw7N4+B4s1C4kHyiyrhPgg==, figureFileBig=rcbmi/crPmhOGEJvC8ai0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297263710620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图9, caption=层面露石检测的分区方法, figureFileSmall=tw7N4+B4s1C4kHyiyrhPgg==, figureFileBig=rcbmi/crPmhOGEJvC8ai0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297330819485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Results of partitioning-based identification and detection of rock exposure across various construction zones, figureFileSmall=bF5AAgc1qnqdJLC+3vEwJQ==, figureFileBig=qhkATzrgm/F5oOZA2SM9eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297393734046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同施工层面露石情况的分区识别检测结果, figureFileSmall=bF5AAgc1qnqdJLC+3vEwJQ==, figureFileBig=qhkATzrgm/F5oOZA2SM9eA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297456648607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Box plots of surface rock exposure rate for different construction pouring surfaces, figureFileSmall=pUov3/JpVkzigd8Wkm/yCg==, figureFileBig=6DQFocIPWKoXuzXxkuVJcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297527951776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同施工仓面的层面露石率箱线图, figureFileSmall=pUov3/JpVkzigd8Wkm/yCg==, figureFileBig=6DQFocIPWKoXuzXxkuVJcQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297590866337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Fitted probability density distributions of the rock exposure rate across different layers, figureFileSmall=sWKCM83hQrjxKkjHQJl/mQ==, figureFileBig=c6OE0ljc2H5TBzd3osy0oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297666363810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同层面露石率的概率密度分布的拟合结果, figureFileSmall=sWKCM83hQrjxKkjHQJl/mQ==, figureFileBig=c6OE0ljc2H5TBzd3osy0oQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297729278371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Fitted cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of rock exposure rates for all zonal layers, figureFileSmall=cN6EZJ9Hf7L7cRtfKpsnmQ==, figureFileBig=wJu3m8EkF24Gipo+IOwZUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297813164452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图13, caption=所有分区层面露石率的累计分布拟合结果, figureFileSmall=cN6EZJ9Hf7L7cRtfKpsnmQ==, figureFileBig=wJu3m8EkF24Gipo+IOwZUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297892856229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Random spot checking condition on layers 4# and 8#, figureFileSmall=qZNNsBMsM0ekh3XUrqG7PQ==, figureFileBig=XgK5nH+IbP8W3wFuB9eEqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261297964159398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图14, caption=4#和8#层面随机采点检测情况, figureFileSmall=qZNNsBMsM0ekh3XUrqG7PQ==, figureFileBig=XgK5nH+IbP8W3wFuB9eEqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261298031268263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Workflow for processing and analyzing field-based 3D rockfill models, figureFileSmall=/oqtFpqP9lS8eIRJyPLvuw==, figureFileBig=vmQkBC+8NJzFLrgjudHTTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261298098377128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图15, caption=现场三维堆石模型的处理与分析流程, figureFileSmall=/oqtFpqP9lS8eIRJyPLvuw==, figureFileBig=vmQkBC+8NJzFLrgjudHTTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261298178068905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Correlation of height H with vertical AV and horizontal AH projected areas of rock exposure, figureFileSmall=Z/Esrq8mWSecIEN4yrJDyQ==, figureFileBig=Nw1qZrKY2ew46AcVudxcGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261298245177770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图16, caption=露石高度H和垂直投影面积AV与水平投影面积AH间的关系, figureFileSmall=Z/Esrq8mWSecIEN4yrJDyQ==, figureFileBig=Nw1qZrKY2ew46AcVudxcGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261298299703723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Statistical distribution of rock exposure parameters across layers, figureFileSmall=qr4x0ykHj1A/Na3ty2fvCw==, figureFileBig=gBP5ne+pttajlpxVgAp9RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261298371006892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=图17, caption=层面露石参数的分布统计, figureFileSmall=qr4x0ykHj1A/Na3ty2fvCw==, figureFileBig=gBP5ne+pttajlpxVgAp9RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277261298429727149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Model training parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类型参数名称参数取值
1训练参数训练轮次200
2Batch Size(像素)32×32
3图片尺寸(像素)640×640
4学习率0.01
5在线增强参数水平翻转概率0.5
6垂直翻转概率0.5
7色调增强0.5
8饱和度增强0.7
9随机透视变换0.5
10随即擦除0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1277261298501030318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型训练参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号类型参数名称参数取值
1训练参数训练轮次200
2Batch Size(像素)32×32
3图片尺寸(像素)640×640
4学习率0.01
5在线增强参数水平翻转概率0.5
6垂直翻转概率0.5
7色调增强0.5
8饱和度增强0.7
9随机透视变换0.5
10随即擦除0.5
), ArticleFig(id=1277261298601693615, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Performance of YOLOv11-Seg instance segmentation pre-trained models at different scales on the surface exposed aggregate dataset

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型名称BoxMaskParametersGFLOPsFPS
PRPmAP50PmAP50-95PRPmAP50PmAP50-95
YOLOv11n-Seg0.7840.7210.7970.5220.7700.7050.7760.431283495810.258
YOLOv11s-Seg0.7830.7400.7990.5330.7740.7250.7810.4431006759035.353
YOLOv11m-Seg0.7870.7420.8070.5400.7770.7870.7830.45022336854123.025
), ArticleFig(id=1277261298702356912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同尺度YOLOv11-Seg实例分割预训练模型在层面露石数据集上的性能表现

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型名称BoxMaskParametersGFLOPsFPS
PRPmAP50PmAP50-95PRPmAP50PmAP50-95
YOLOv11n-Seg0.7840.7210.7970.5220.7700.7050.7760.431283495810.258
YOLOv11s-Seg0.7830.7400.7990.5330.7740.7250.7810.4431006759035.353
YOLOv11m-Seg0.7870.7420.8070.5400.7770.7870.7830.45022336854123.025
), ArticleFig(id=1277261298769465777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Ablation study results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型P/%R/%PmAP50/%PmAP50-95/%FPS
YOLOv11s-Seg83.582.3078.1146.2853
YOLOv11m-Seg84.687.4378.3047.7525
改进YOLOv11-Seg91.489.3380.5048.4968
), ArticleFig(id=1277261300040339890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

消融实验对比结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型P/%R/%PmAP50/%PmAP50-95/%FPS
YOLOv11s-Seg83.582.3078.1146.2853
YOLOv11m-Seg84.687.4378.3047.7525
改进YOLOv11-Seg91.489.3380.5048.4968
), ArticleFig(id=1277261300115837363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Statistical metrics of rock exposure rate across different construction layers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号施工仓面平均值/%上限值/%下限值/%Weibull
k
Weibull
λ
Weibull中位数/%Weibull均值/%Weibull标准差/%Weibull偏度Weibull峰度
11#层面10.3421.214.672.3611.7210.0410.384.670.42-0.08
22#层面10.1317.405.792.9811.3710.0510.153.710.18-0.27
33#层面9.5914.413.053.1110.759.559.613.390.14-0.28
44#层面11.8923.732.812.0113.4911.2411.966.230.630.24
55#层面15.8723.805.403.3617.7115.8815.905.210.06-0.29
66#层面17.4626.104.963.0619.5617.3517.486.240.15-0.28
77#层面15.3931.257.252.2917.4714.8815.477.160.46-0.03
88#层面21.7739.272.262.3124.2420.6921.489.850.45-0.04
9全部14.2639.272.262.0116.1613.4614.327.450.630.23
), ArticleFig(id=1277261300182946228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同施工层面露石率的统计指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号施工仓面平均值/%上限值/%下限值/%Weibull
k
Weibull
λ
Weibull中位数/%Weibull均值/%Weibull标准差/%Weibull偏度Weibull峰度
11#层面10.3421.214.672.3611.7210.0410.384.670.42-0.08
22#层面10.1317.405.792.9811.3710.0510.153.710.18-0.27
33#层面9.5914.413.053.1110.759.559.613.390.14-0.28
44#层面11.8923.732.812.0113.4911.2411.966.230.630.24
55#层面15.8723.805.403.3617.7115.8815.905.210.06-0.29
66#层面17.4626.104.963.0619.5617.3517.486.240.15-0.28
77#层面15.3931.257.252.2917.4714.8815.477.160.46-0.03
88#层面21.7739.272.262.3124.2420.6921.489.850.45-0.04
9全部14.2639.272.262.0116.1613.4614.327.450.630.23
), ArticleFig(id=1277261300250055093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Requirements for rock exposure rate in different specifications and standards

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号规范名称标准类型发布年份主要要求内容其他说明
1胶结颗粒筑坝技术导则(SL 678—2018) 8水利行业标准2018露在层面之外的块石在上下层之间可以起到齿合作用,提高冷缝处的剪切强度
2堆石混凝土筑坝技术导则(NB/T 10077—2018)25能源行业标准2018露出堆石区域的面积宜大于层面面积的30%
3水电水利工程堆石混凝土施工规范(DL/T 5806—2020)9电力行业标准2020一般要求堆石外露面积大于30%
4水利水电工程堆石混凝土坝施工质量检验与评定规范(DB63/T 2086—2022)26青海地方标准2022外露投影面积不小于总面积的 10%100 m2以上的表面检查8 ~ 10个点;100 m2以下的表面检查不少于5个点
5堆石混凝土坝设计规范(NB/T 10077—2024)6能源行业标准2024(1)重力坝:堆石外露区宜布置在仓面的上下游侧或结合堆石入仓规划设置,堆石外露区面积下限宜为仓面的5% ~ 10%;
(2)拱坝:堆石外露区宜布置在仓面的上下游侧或结合堆石入仓规划设置,堆石外露区面积下限宜为仓面的10% ~ 20%
大部分工程堆石外露区的堆石外露投影面积比例可以达到20%以上,部分工程可以达到或超过30%。
), ArticleFig(id=1277261300354912694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同规范标准中对于层面露石率的要求

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号规范名称标准类型发布年份主要要求内容其他说明
1胶结颗粒筑坝技术导则(SL 678—2018) 8水利行业标准2018露在层面之外的块石在上下层之间可以起到齿合作用,提高冷缝处的剪切强度
2堆石混凝土筑坝技术导则(NB/T 10077—2018)25能源行业标准2018露出堆石区域的面积宜大于层面面积的30%
3水电水利工程堆石混凝土施工规范(DL/T 5806—2020)9电力行业标准2020一般要求堆石外露面积大于30%
4水利水电工程堆石混凝土坝施工质量检验与评定规范(DB63/T 2086—2022)26青海地方标准2022外露投影面积不小于总面积的 10%100 m2以上的表面检查8 ~ 10个点;100 m2以下的表面检查不少于5个点
5堆石混凝土坝设计规范(NB/T 10077—2024)6能源行业标准2024(1)重力坝:堆石外露区宜布置在仓面的上下游侧或结合堆石入仓规划设置,堆石外露区面积下限宜为仓面的5% ~ 10%;
(2)拱坝:堆石外露区宜布置在仓面的上下游侧或结合堆石入仓规划设置,堆石外露区面积下限宜为仓面的10% ~ 20%
大部分工程堆石外露区的堆石外露投影面积比例可以达到20%以上,部分工程可以达到或超过30%。
), ArticleFig(id=1277261300426215863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Rock exposure status and assessment for all layers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
施工仓面层面分区数量露石区域数量层面露石区域占比/%是否合格
1#层面18211合格
2#层面1200不合格
3#层面1800不合格
4#层面21419合格
5#层面15427合格
6#层面15640合格
7#层面21524合格
8#层面211467合格
), ArticleFig(id=1277261300493324728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

各层面露石情况及评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
施工仓面层面分区数量露石区域数量层面露石区域占比/%是否合格
1#层面18211合格
2#层面1200不合格
3#层面1800不合格
4#层面21419合格
5#层面15427合格
6#层面15640合格
7#层面21524合格
8#层面211467合格
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1276576005759143953, delFlag=0, nameCn=水利学报, nameEn=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=0559-9350, eissn=null, cn=11-1882/TV, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=VQovbL6eK2UmIe7CAOCGSg==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1782289037409, updatedTime=1784021719922, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=S, firstLetterEn=S, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=VQovbL6eK2UmIe7CAOCGSg==, picEn=HLcP8PGWIFmFsvb9OpMK1g==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283843403062416007, language=CN, name=水利学报, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784021719947, updatedTime=1784021719947, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.scicloudcenter.com/jhe, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.scicloudcenter.com/jhe, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.scicloudcenter.com/jhe, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283843403108553352, language=EN, name=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784021719958, updatedTime=1784021719958, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://www.scicloudcenter.com/jhe, submissionEditorUrl=https://www.scicloudcenter.com/jhe, submissionReviewUrl=https://www.scicloudcenter.com/jhe, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1276576982599962646, websiteList=[Website(id=1276578024648736975, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1276576982599962646, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/CN, language=CN, createTime=1782289518750, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1782290003617, updateBy=18614031015, name=水利学报-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=水利学报, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1276580224183702482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1782290043159, updateTime=1782290043159, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224158536655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1782290043153, updateTime=1782290043153, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224204674005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1782290043164, updateTime=1782290043164, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224145953742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/CN/file/pic?fileId=qMhrBHpC0+tO2zs+IdNg8g==, createTime=1782290043150, updateTime=1782290043150, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224221451223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1782290043168, updateTime=1782290043168, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224175313873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/CN/file/pic, createTime=1782290043157, updateTime=1782290043157, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224213062614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1782290043166, updateTime=1782290043166, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224166925264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1782290043155, updateTime=1782290043155, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224192091091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1782290043161, updateTime=1782290043161, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580224196285396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578024648736975, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1782290043162, updateTime=1782290043162, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1276578025089138904, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1276576982599962646, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/EN, language=EN, createTime=1782289518854, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1782290000347, updateBy=18614031015, name=水利学报-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1276580162732954555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1782290028508, updateTime=1782290028508, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162711983032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1782290028503, updateTime=1782290028503, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162753926078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1782290028513, updateTime=1782290028513, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162703594423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/EN/file/pic?fileId=qMhrBHpC0+tO2zs+IdNg8g==, createTime=1782290028501, updateTime=1782290028501, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162766508992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1782290028516, updateTime=1782290028516, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162728760250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/EN/file/pic, createTime=1782290028507, updateTime=1782290028507, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162762314687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1782290028515, updateTime=1782290028515, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162720371641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1782290028505, updateTime=1782290028505, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162741343164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1782290028510, updateTime=1782290028510, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1276580162745537469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1276578025089138904, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1782290028511, updateTime=1782290028511, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=水利学报, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.sciengine.com/JHE, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, journalPhotoCn=VQovbL6eK2UmIe7CAOCGSg==, journalPhotoEn=HLcP8PGWIFmFsvb9OpMK1g==, journalFirstLetter=S, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/CN/10.3724/j.slxb.20250298, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/EN/10.3724/j.slxb.20250298, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/CN/PDF/10.3724/j.slxb.20250298, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/EN/PDF/10.3724/j.slxb.20250298, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1779206400000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
堆石混凝土坝层面露石分割识别与快速评价方法研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
安宇 1 , 杨家琦 2 , 程远龙 3 , 刘昊 4 , 金峰 1, 2
水利学报 | 2026,57(5): 716-731
收起
收藏切换
水利学报 | 2026 , 57 (5) : 716 -731
堆石混凝土坝层面露石分割识别与快速评价方法研究
全屏
[Author(id=1277261283137294693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=a13966021325@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261283472839016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283137294693, language=EN, stringName=Yu AN, firstName=Yu, middleName=null, lastName=AN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261283565113705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283137294693, language=CN, stringName=安宇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000, bio={"content":"

安宇(1999—),博士生,主要从事堆石混凝土筑坝智能化研究。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

安宇(1999—),博士生,主要从事堆石混凝土筑坝智能化研究。E-mail:

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282759807317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282772390230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282780778839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000)])]), Author(id=1277261283909046635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=demyang@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261284022292845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283909046635, language=EN, stringName=Jiaqi YANG, firstName=Jiaqi, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261284345254254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261283909046635, language=CN, stringName=杨家琦, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282864664920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282877247833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282889830746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1277261284735324528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261284844376434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261284735324528, language=EN, stringName=Yuanlong CHENG, firstName=Yuanlong, middleName=null, lastName=CHENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Hubei Energy Group Luotian Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Co.,Ltd,Huanggang 438000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261285263806835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261284735324528, language=CN, stringName=程远龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.湖北能源集团罗田平坦原抽水蓄能有限公司,湖北 黄冈 438000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282969522524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282977911133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282969522524, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Hubei Energy Group Luotian Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Co.,Ltd,Huanggang 438000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282986299742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282969522524, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湖北能源集团罗田平坦原抽水蓄能有限公司,湖北 黄冈 438000)])]), Author(id=1277261285582573941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261287134466423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261285582573941, language=EN, stringName=Hao LIU, firstName=Hao, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410000,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261287327404408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261285582573941, language=CN, stringName=刘昊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261283053408608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261283061797217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261283053408608, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261283065991522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261283053408608, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410000)])]), Author(id=1277261287763612026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1277261288120127869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261287763612026, language=EN, stringName=Feng JIN, firstName=Feng, middleName=null, lastName=JIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China
2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277261288526975358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, authorId=1277261287763612026, language=CN, stringName=金峰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000
2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277261282759807317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282772390230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282780778839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282759807317, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277261282864664920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282877247833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277261282889830746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276576982599962646, articleId=1276897214219809058, companyId=1277261282864664920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084)])])]
安宇1 , 杨家琦2 , 程远龙3, 刘昊4, 金峰1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000
  • 2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084
  • 3.湖北能源集团罗田平坦原抽水蓄能有限公司,湖北 黄冈 438000
  • 4.中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410000
通讯作者:
杨家琦(1993—),博士,助理研究员,主要从事堆石混凝土及其数智化施工研究。E-mail:
Research on methods for segmentation, recognition, and rapid evaluation of exposed rocks on lift joint surface of rock-filled concrete dams
Yu AN1 , Jiaqi YANG2 , Yuanlong CHENG3, Hao LIU4, Feng JIN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil Engineering and Water Conservancy,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China
  • 2.Department of Hydraulic;Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
  • 3.Hubei Energy Group Luotian Pingtanyuan Pumped Storage Co.,Ltd,Huanggang 438000,China
  • 4.PowerChina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited,Changsha 410000,China
出版时间: 2026-05-20 doi: 10.3724/j.slxb.20250298
文章导航
收藏切换

堆石混凝土坝施工层面露石可以显著提高层面抗剪能力,相关规范标准均提出了关于层面露石的具体要求,但目前尚缺乏快速有效的检测评价方法。本文在YOLOv11-Seg模型基础上,引入Slim-Neck注意力机制与FASFFHead检测头,提出了层面露石的快速分割识别算法;结合实际工程数据与最新规范,给出了基于前述分割识别算法的层面露石评价方法。研究结果表明:改进后的YOLOv11-Seg模型在保持较高训练和识别效率的前提下,将检测精确率与召回率提升到91.4%和89.33%,较原始模型分别提升8.6%和7.8%;堆石混凝土坝实际仓面的层面露石率变幅较大,单个层面的露石率检测结果符合Weibull分布;结合新修订的《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》,本文方法能够较好地对现场层面露石情况进行评价;层面露石的水平投影面积与露石高度呈双曲线关系,与垂直投影面积呈线性相关,据此可进一步评估层面露石对抗剪承载力的增幅作用。本文研究可为堆石混凝土层面质量的监控与评价提供技术手段与基础。

堆石混凝土坝  /  层面露石  /  快速检测  /  YOLOv11  /  分割识别  /  评价方法

Exposed rocks on the lift joint surface of Rock-filled Concrete (RFC) dams can significantly enhance the shear capacity of the lift joints. While relevant codes and standards stipulate specific requirements regarding exposure of rocks at lift joints, there is currently a lack of rapid and effective detection and evaluation methods. This paper proposes a rapid segmentation and recognition algorithm for exposed rocks at lift joints, based on YOLOv11-Seg and incorporating the Slim-Neck attention mechanism and the FASFFHead detection head. Furthermore, by integrating actual engineering data and the latest code specifications, an evaluation method for exposure of rocks on lift joint surface is established based on the aforementioned segmentation algorithm. The research results indicate that the improved YOLOv11-Seg model achieves detection precision and recall rates of 91.4% and 89.33%, respectively, representing increases of 8.6% and 7.8% compared to the initial model, while maintaining high training and recognition efficiency. The measured exposure ratio of rocks at lift joints in actual RFC dam placements exhibits significant variation, and the detection results for individual lift joints conform to a Weibull distribution. In conjunction with the newly revised standard NB/T 10077-2024, Code for Design of Rock-Filled Concrete Dams, the proposed method can effectively evaluate the condition of surface-exposed rock on-site. The horizontal projected area of the exposed rocks shows a hyperbolic relationship with the outropping height of rocks and a linear correlation with the vertical projected area; this relationship can be utilized to further assess the enhancement of the interfacial shear capacity contributed by the exposed rocks. This research provides technical means and a foundation for monitoring and evaluating the quality of lift joints in Rock-filled Concrete dams.

rock-filled concrete dams  /  exposed rock on lift joint surface  /  rapid and effective detection and evaluation method  /  YOLOv11  /  segmentation and recognition  /  evaluation method
安宇, 杨家琦, 程远龙, 刘昊, 金峰. 堆石混凝土坝层面露石分割识别与快速评价方法研究. 水利学报, 2026 , 57 (5) : 716 -731 . DOI: 10.3724/j.slxb.20250298
Yu AN, Jiaqi YANG, Yuanlong CHENG, Hao LIU, Feng JIN. Research on methods for segmentation, recognition, and rapid evaluation of exposed rocks on lift joint surface of rock-filled concrete dams[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2026 , 57 (5) : 716 -731 . DOI: 10.3724/j.slxb.20250298
堆石混凝土(Rock-Filled Concrete,RFC)坝是由我国自主研发的新坝型1-2,具有低热低耗、经济快速和低碳环保3-5等优势,在国内外取得了广泛的应用,并逐步向百米级高坝建设领域迈进。截至2025年3月底,已建成160座堆石混凝土大坝,另有42座在建。堆石混凝土坝的施工层面是相对薄弱环节,若处理不当容易形成渗漏通道。另外,在浇筑层面上保留一定比例的露出堆石能够显著增强层面抗剪强度,现行堆石混凝土规范6-10均提出了关于层面露石的技术要求;在最新修订的《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)6中,则对层面露石的占比与分布做了进一步地明确和定量要求。目前的工程实践中主要依靠目测或人工选点检测的方式对层面露石情况进行检测判断,不仅效率低下,而且层面露出分布具有较大随机性,定量检测受到人为抽样因素的影响,检测结果的可靠性较低。人工智能视觉技术已成为辅助工程建设的重要工具11-12,沈乔楠等13通过视觉技术对层面堆石进行了识别并计算粒径分布,但其方法在对露石识别后刻画的二值图仍有完整性不足的问题;刘易等14利用Mask-RCNN(Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network)实现了对于层面堆石的完整掩膜(Mask)识别,为层面露石占比的分析问题提供了有益借鉴;安宇等15则基于SAM(Segment Anything Model)与ImageJ解决了层面露石Mask的识别问题,但SAM的模型较大,计算时间过长,对于硬件的配置要求过高。在矿物分割领域,针对岩石薄片图像,采用了基于图像识别技术的方案,该方案融合了视觉Transformer(ViT)与U-Net的优势,即利用Transformer实现全局特征提取,同时借助U-Net保留局部细节,这也为图像识别技术在工程检测方面的应用提供了新的思路16。Li等17开发了一种基于深度学习的自动盐岩分割模型,用于地质勘探(如盐丘识别)或岩心样本分析,解决了盐岩与背景岩层的高相似性导致的误分割问题;Shan等18利用SAM对水下钻井岩石图像分割与分析方法,有效解决了传统方法在处理水下岩石图像时的难题,证明了在训练指标上其性能优于Mask R-CNN,但其训练时间和推理时间仍然较长,占用计算资源过大的问题还是未能解决。He等19通过YOLO(You Only Look Once)v11-Seg模型对施工现场物品进行分类识别分割,通过对模型的Neck模块进行改进,引进DWConv注意力机制,不仅提高了模型计算效率而且保证了模型的准确率,并在多处工地现场进行了部署验证,证明了YOLOv11-Seg在工地场景下的鲁棒性。前述研究工作证明了图像识别方法在层面露石检测分析问题上应用的可行性,但如何训练出适用于工程现场的层面露石识别模型,保证其准确性、高效性和鲁棒性,以及如何基于识别结果对层面露石情况进行刻画和评价是尚待解决的关键问题。
基于此,本文在实例分割算法框架YOLO11-Seg的基础上,引入Slim-Neck注意力机制与自适应空间特征融合检测头(Adaptively Spatial Feature Fusion Head,ASFFHead),提出了适用于堆石混凝土层面露石情况的快速识别与统计分析方法;在此基础上,对实际工程真实层面露石情况进行了分割识别与统计分析;而后,结合现行规范要求与现场实际情况,对层面露石情况的评价方法进行了探讨;结合现场三维重构堆石,讨论了层面露石水平投影面积与露石高度和垂直投影面积间的关系。
YOLO系列算法是一种典型的一阶段检测器构成的目标检测算法,可以将目标检测任务转化为单一回归问题,通过单个神经网络对输入图像进行一次前向传播,直接预测图像中所有目标的边界框坐标及所属类别的概率。其实现步骤主要包括:将图像划分为网格单元,每个单元负责预测以该单元为中心的目标,生成多个包含置信度与类别概率的边界框;最后通过非极大值抑制(Non-Maximum Suppression,NMS)对冗余预测框进行筛选,输出最终的检测结果。相较于Mask RCNN等两阶段算法,减少了中间环节,在计算效率上拥有天然的优势20。随着YOLO算法的不断迭代,在推理效率和精度方面不断优化的同时,其涉及领域也从一开始的目标检测21扩展到了实例分割22、特征点识别23等方面。为保证检测效率,增强对现场硬件设备的适用性,本文基于YOLOv11-Seg模型框架,研究了层面露石的快速分割识别算法。
本文所用层面露石图像数据集采集自平坦原下水库等多个实际堆石混凝土工程,由手机拍照、视频球机抓图等方式获得。为提升数据集标注效率,利用实例分割大模型SAM24进行了辅助分割标注;SAM的分割结果经简单转换和重构后,即可得到YOLOv11实例分割模型训练所需的标签;本文的数据集标注与模型训练共同进行,当模型识别效果未达到指定要求时,则对数据集进行反复扩充。最终形成的数据集共包括1000张层面图片和9000余层面露石Mask(图1)。
模型训练数据集按照8∶2的比例随机划分为训练集与验证集。训练过程中,所用训练参数如表1所示;为增强模型的泛化能力,采用在线增强的方式对模型进行数据增强,即在训练过程中动态随机调整每张照片的色调、剪切、反转方式、位置等,如表1所示。
YOLOv11-Seg提供了n、s、m、l、x等5个不同尺度的基线预训练模型,n模型为参数量最小(2 834 958)的基线模型,x模型为参数量最大(62 142 656)的基线模型。为合理选取基线模型,采用相同训练参数(表1)和训练集,对n、s、m等3个不同尺度的模型进行训练和对比,训练结果如表2所示。结果表明,YOLOv11m-Seg在本文数据集上的表现要优于其余两类模型,而YOLOv11s-Seg则在性能接近YOLOv11m-Seg的同时占用了更少的计算资源,取得了更高的训练效率。在综合考虑各模型的训练时间、检测精度、检测速度,最终选取s模型作为算法的基线模型,后续训练与改进均在该尺度的预训练模型上进行。
准确识别分割出层面露石是本文层面露石检测评价方法关键所在。工区现场采集到的层面照片的特点与识别难点在于:(1)由于图像采集设备的差异,图片大小和待识别对象尺寸也将随之变化;(2)层面照片中可能会存在干扰物,如水管、钢筋、工区设备等;(3)自密实混凝土对层面露石的覆盖与遮挡,会导致错误识别。
为提高模型识别精度,增强对各类图像的适用性,本文在YOLOv11-Seg算法框架的基础上进行了两方面的改进(图2):(1)为提高检测的准确性和效率,对算法结构的Neck和Head进行模块修改,增添了Slim-Neck注意力机制负责特征融合和处理,此种方法将原始模型结构Neck中的普通瓶颈替换为全局混合跨阶段网络(VoV-based Global-Shuffled Cross-Stage Partial Network,VoV-GSCSP),该模块降低了计算和网络结构的复杂性,以加快推理速度,模块由多个卷积层串联而成,每一层只接收前一层的输出作为输入,而不是前面所有层的拼接,保证了中间层数的固定,计算量可控,也保证了中间层的通道数是固定的,计算量可控。通过跨阶段特征交互的梯度路径优化策略,结合动态通道注意力与空间金字塔融合机制构建的Slim-Neck结构,有效解决了传统特征金字塔存在的语义鸿沟与计算冗余问题;(2)为保证模型在不同尺度图像上的识别效果,增强尺度不变性,引入了ASFFHead检测头,针对小目标或者大目标进行二次提取,可以有效地过滤掉冲突信息,以极小的推理开销显著提高识别精度,并在所有单发检测器之间实现速度和精度的平衡。
Slim-Neck是一种设计用于优化卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Networks,CNN)中“Neck”部分的结构,引入GSConv是为了在卷积神经网络(CNN)中加快图像的预测计算,在传统的CNN中空间信息逐渐转换成通道信息,而这一过程在每一次特征图空间压缩和通道扩张时都会导致语义信息的部分丢失,GSConv旨在保持较低时间复杂度的同时,尽可能地保留通道之间的隐藏连接,后续继续引入GS瓶颈(GS bottleneck)和跨阶段部分网络(GSCSP)模块VoV-GSCSP,上述设计可以进一步提升性能20,其结构如图3所示。
FASFFHead检测头是在ASFFHead检测头的基础上进行的二次创新,在Head提取输入图像特征时,根据不同尺度的特征引入不同效果的检测头进行检测,解决由于跨尺度融合的特征丢失情况,增加小目标检测层和大目标检测层,对大小不同的目标进行二次提取,增强其检测效果21,其结构如图4所示。
为对比验证算法优化的效果,分别使用YOLOv11s-Seg、YOLOv11m-Seg和改进YOLOv11-Seg算法框架,在本文数据集上进行训练和对比。三种模型在训练过程中损失函数的收敛情况如图5所示,从训练定位损失、训练分类损失和训练置信度损失的指标可以看出,相较于YOLOv11s-Seg和YOLOv11m-Seg模型,改进后的YOLOv11-Seg模型的损失函数值更小,收敛速度更快。
不同模型消融实验的训练结果(200轮训练)参数汇总如表3所示。由精确率P、召回率R、平均精度PmAP50PmAP50-95上可以看出,相较于另外两类模型,改进的YOLOv11-Seg在P上提升了8.6%和7.4%,R提升了7.8%和2.1%,PmAP50提升了3.1%和2.8%,PmAP50-95提升了4.6%和1.5%。FPS(Frames Per Second)是衡量模型检测速度的核心指标,其与单图检测时间呈倒数关系,即FPS数值越大,处理单张图像所需的时间越短,在改进模型中增加了注意力机制和检测头,这些改进措施通过对特征的有效提炼与多尺度信息的充分融合,反而促使模型在识别过程中能够更高效地提取关键信息,最终使得模型整体的识别速度得到提升。对比不同模型的现场分割结果可知,如图6所示,使用YOLOv11s-Seg易产生漏检现象,使用YOLOv11m-Seg则可能会产生复检现象,改进的YOLOv11-Seg则在测试样本上展现出了良好的鲁棒性和识别精度,避免了漏检和复检现象的产生,通过以上来看本文改进的YOLOv11-Seg可以较好的满足层面露石识别的工作。
为了进一步验证改进YOLOv11-Seg模型的层面露石分割识别效果,让现场施工人员手动标注了25张不同覆盖面积的层面露石照片,并将图片分为三类:一类为摄像球机拍摄的广角层面图片,其面积大,露石数量多;二类为现场施工人员用手机拍摄的层面图片,层面面积小且露石数量不多;第三类为障碍物图片,挑选了一些有水管、电线、施工帽等杂物的层面图片,并将其标注的露石率和检测露石块数通过不同尺度的预训练识别结果与改进YOLOv11-Seg识别结果进行对比。由图7图8可知,改进后的YOLOv11-Seg模型在露石率和检测露石块数上与实际人工标注结果更为接近;从层面露石率上来看,YOLOv11-Seg模型与改进YOLOv11m-Seg模型均取得了较好的分割识别结果,所得层面露石率相较于SAM-ImageJ和YOLOv11s-Seg等方法,要更为接近于人工标注后的露石率。综上所述,改进的YOLOv11-Seg模型能够较好的适用于工程现场的层面露石分割识别任务。
基于训练好的YOLOv11-Seg层面露石分割模型,可分割识别出层面照片中的露石Mask;根据层面露石Mask所占像素Pr与照片总像素Ptot 即可计算得到单张层面图像区域内的层面露石率Rr
Rr=PrPtot 
考虑到层面堆石露出分布的随机性,结合堆石混凝土坝设计规范要求,在对层面露石情况进行统计分析时需进行分区处理,保证采集层面照片能够反映实际的层面露石情况。首先,根据层面面积将仓面分成若干面积相近的区域;而后,在每个区域内拍摄1 ~ 3张代表性层面图片,并根据层面照片的采集位置进行分类归档,每张层面照片拍摄面积为15 m2左右,照片分辨率不低于1920×1080;最后,以区域内所有照片的平均层面露石率代表该区域的露石率进行统计分析。
根据现场实践经验,针对层面露石检测提出了如下的仓面分区方法(图9):
首先,根据层面面积S(单位m2),确定分区数量N
N=RD(8.66ln(S)-36.86),  S1003,                                            S<100
式中RD()为四舍五入的取整函数。
而后,根据层面长边L和短边W的比例,计算相应的分段数NLNW
α=L/WNL=RD(αN)NW=RD(N/α)
式中:α为层面长边与短边比例;NL为层面长边等比例分割数量;NW为层面短边等比例分割数量。
为考察实际堆石混凝土坝施工过程中的层面露石情况,并为层面露石的评价方法提供依据与基础,对东南某堆石混凝土拱坝的8个层面利用本文方法进行了分区检测与统计分析,各施工层面的露石率分布如图10所示,颜色越深代表露石率越高,白色表示该区域露石率低于5%。由图10可知,不同层面露石的分布随机性较强,且波动范围较大,由2.3% ~ 39.9%不等,大部分区域的露石率为6% ~ 12%之间。8个层面的露石率箱线图如图11所示,1#—3#的层面露石率在10%左右,采取像施工方提出增加层面露石或人工凿毛等建议措施后,4#—8#层面露石率均值逐步从11.89%提升至21.77%。
结合图10图11可知,在整个施工层面上,露石率分布随机性较强,且数据分布呈现出明显的非对称性,因此采用能够表征偏态特征的分布函数对层面露石率的分布进行描述更为合适。基于此,采用Weibull分布函数(Cumulative Distribution Function,CDF)及其概率密度分布函数(Probability Distribution Function,PDF)来刻画层面露石分布,如式(4)(5)所示:
f(Rr;λ, k)=kλRrkk-1exp-Rrλk,Rr00,Rr<0
F(Rr;λ, k)=1-exp-Rrλk,Rr>00,Rr0
根据Weibull分布特性与统计结果可知,k值为形状参数,可以反映层面堆石外露的数据分布的形状,当1 < k < 2时,区域堆石外露率分布呈现右偏峰态特征;当k > 3时,分布形态逐渐趋近于正态分布特征,层面露石比例主要聚集于均值附近。λ值为尺度参数,与层面堆石外露率的分布范围直接相关,随着λ的上升,表明该层面出现高露石率的区域越多。
不同层面露石率的经验概率密度分布(Empirical PDF)和Weibull概率密度分布(Weibull PDF)的拟合结果如图12所示,所有分区层面露石率的经验累计分布(Empirical CDF)和Weibull累计分布(Weibull CDF)如图13所示。由图1213可知,Weibull分布能够较好的描述层面露石率的分布特征。由表4统计结果可以看出,不同层面露石率分布的Weibull形状参数k介于2.01 ~ 3.36之间,偏度均大于0,整体呈现右偏的状态;所得Weibull中位数介于9.55% ~ 20.69%之间,Weibull标准差则在3.39% ~ 9.85%之间,表明检测层面的露石率变动幅度较大,接近中位数的一半;故在对整个层面露石率进行估计时,应该进行充分采样,否则将导致评估结果失真。
现有堆石混凝土相关规范标准中,大部分提出了对于层面露石率的要求(见表5)。不难看出,随着研究和实践的深入,规范中关于层面露石率的规定越来越清晰和明确,2018年颁布的《胶结颗粒筑坝技术导则》(SL 678—2018)中关于层面露石率的要求还只是以建议的方式给出,到了2024年的《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)中则转变为明确的定量要求。
为给出与工程规范相契合的层面露石评价方法,以表5中最新的2部规范《水电水利工程堆石混凝土坝施工质量检验与评定规范》(DB63/T 2086—2022)与《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)对前述层面的露石情况进行评价。根据DB63/T 2086—2022规范的要求,对层面施工面积大于100 m2的,需采集8 ~10个点得出对应露石率,得出平均值进行评价,当所得总体露石率小于10%时,评价结果为不合格。不妨以前节所述的案例中的4#和8#层面为代表,以一张层面露石图片代表一个检测点;考虑到抽样检测结果的随机性,对于同一层面反复抽样50次以评估其检测结果的可靠性;为探讨检测点个数对评价结果的影响,取不同检测点数(8 ~ 21个)进行测试,所得结果如图14所示。图14表明,检测点越多结果波动性越小,反之就越大,这将导致层面露石评价结果受人为采样方式的影响较大,实际执行时,需适当提高检测点数量。
根据《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)的要求,则需检验整个施工层面露石区域的占比情况。对于本文进行检测分析拱坝,层面露石区域的占比应在10% ~ 20%之间;根据《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)6.2.6条文说明,一般层面露石区域的露石率为20%以上。据此,可得到层面露石情况的评价结果如表6所示,评价结果与现场专家的评价结论基本一致,即1#—3#层面露石偏少,需进行施工控制以改善层面的施工质量;4#—8#层面在施工控制后,层面露石情况得到了有效改善,表6的评价结果也反映出了这一情况。
相较于《水利水电工程堆石混凝土坝施工质量检验与评定规范》(DB63/T 2086—2022),《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)的评价结果能够更真实的反映现场层面露石情况。其原因在于,《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)更进一步地提出了关于层面露石分布的要求,即对层面露石区域占比和层面露石区域内的露石率同时提出了要求,但也相应地提高了检测工作的工作量和难度。本文提出的基于视觉分割的层面露石检测方法,为这一问题的解决提供了有效快速的解决方法。综上,建议采用最新修订的《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024),对所得层面露石的分割识别与检测分析结果评价较为合适。需要指出的是,本文方法对层面露石情况进行了分区域局部拍摄以反映层面整体露石情况,但尚未实现层面全部面积的完整拍摄。目前正在开展基于高清PTZ(Pan-Tilt-Zoom)球机的层面自动采集、变换、拼接与尺度计算的算法研究,与本文方法结合后可进一步提升层面露石识别评价的自动化与精细化程度。
相关研究结果27-28表明,层面露石高度同样会对层面抗剪强度产生显著影响。任明倩等29-30基于大量物理与数值试验结果指出,RFC层面(包含露石)在剪切作用下破坏模式可分为SCC(Self-Compacting Concrete)塑性挤压破坏和堆石直接剪切破坏两种;当堆石强度较高时,破坏模式多为前者,反之则以后者为主;RFC层间抗剪承载力Vs可按照下式进行计算:
Vs=min(VCs, VSs)VCs=AVfy+μAσVSs=AHfs+μσAf
式中:VCs为SCC挤塑破坏下的承载力;VSs为堆石直接剪切破坏下的承载力;fy为SCC的屈服应力;fs为堆石剪坏的强度;μ为等效内摩擦系数;σ为层面的正压力;A为层面总面积;Af为除堆石外的层面面积;AHAV则分别为层面露石在水平和垂直方向上的投影面积。
由式(6)可知,RFC层间抗剪承载力Vs与露石在水平和竖直面上的投影面积(AVAH)直接相关。为便于现场检测和评价,相关规范直接对层面露石高度H进行了规定和要求。基于本文识别算法,可以直接获取到层面露石的AH;而AV或者H则可根据AH进行估计。
为构建AVHAH间的相关关系,基于三维重构技术在前述拱坝工程现场实地采集构造了72块实际堆石的三维模型,粒径尺寸为20 ~ 150 cm不等。对三维堆石模型的处理与计算步骤如下(图15):(1)读取三维堆石模型,并基于质心对其进行随机旋转;(2)对当前堆石模型沿Z轴方向从上向下按1 cm的间隔进行切割,以模拟堆石在不同浇筑埋没高度下的外露情况;最大切割深度为当前堆石高度的1/3(相关规范中规定层面露石高度不宜超过自身高度的1/3);(3)根据式(7)计算不同外露高度H下,上部露石在水平和垂直方向上的投影面积(AVAH):
AV=iIVΔAicosαiAH=iIHΔAisinγiIV={ihi>zmax-H, cosαi>0}IH={ihi>zmax-H, cosγi>0}
式中:ΔAi为第i个网格面的面积;αiγi分别为网格面法向量与x轴和z轴的夹角;hi为网格面质心高度;zmax为堆石模型的最大高度;IV表示质心高度hi大于切割面高度(zmax-H)且法向量在x方向上的分量大于0的网格面集合;IH表示质心高度hi大于切割面高度(zmax-H)且法向量在z方向上的分量大于0的网格面集合。
遍历所有72个三维堆石模型进行上述计算步骤,重复20次,得到露石高度H和水平投影面积AVAH的变化趋势如图16所示。由图16可知,露石高度均值H及其标准差σH与水平投影面积AH间的关系呈双曲线关系;露石垂直投影面积AV及其标准差σAV则与AH呈线性相关关系;为满足物理实际,分别采用截距为0的双曲线函数和线性函数进行拟合,所得拟合公式如式(8)(9)所示:
H=AH0.7735+1.565AH,  R2=0.99σH=AH3.589+7.919AH,  R2=0.92
AV=0.3605AH,  R2=0.99σAV=0.0644AH,  R2=0.99
以前述拱坝工程的某典型仓面为例进行分析。在所选层面上,分区域采集了24张层面露石照片,单张照片(分辨率4160×3120)拍摄面积为15 m2左右,通过前文的分割识别方法可得到层面露石水平投影面积AH的分布如图17(a)所示;结合式(8)(9),可得到层面露石高度H与垂直投影面积AV的分布情况如图17(b)(c)所示;经检验,AHAVH均服从对数正态分布。考虑到该拱坝工程所用自密实混凝土标号为C15,堆石为坚硬高强的花岗岩(抗压强度61.1 ~ 73.9 MPa),其层面剪切破坏大概率以SCC塑形挤压破坏为主,层面露石带来的承载力增幅ΔVs可进一步按ΔVCs=AVfy(σ)进行估计。需要说明的是,本节拟合公式(8)(9)是基于前述拱坝工程的现场堆石建立的,其对于其他工程的泛用性尚待进一步研究讨论,但构建方法仍可为其他工程提供参考。
本文基于改进的YOLOv11-Seg算法,提出了针对堆石混凝土坝层面露石的分割识别与检测分析方法;在此基础上,对实际工程多个施工层面的露石情况进行了分析,并对其评价方法进行了探讨,所得主要结论如下:(1)基于Slim-Neck注意力机制与FASFFHead检测头用于不同尺度的目标检测对YOLOv11-Seg模型进行了改进,提出了适用于堆石混凝土层面露石的分割识别模型,相较于预训练模型YOLOv11s-Seg与YOLOv11m-Seg,精确率提升了8.6%和7.4%,召回率提升了7.8%和2.1%,平均精度均值提升了4.6%和1.5%。(2)工程实例分析结果显示,不同仓面与分区的层面露石率呈现出较强的随机性和较大变幅,实测露石率从2.3%至39.9%不等;露石率分布优选采用Weibull分布进行描述,所得形状参数k介于2.01 ~ 3.36之间,分布呈右偏状态。(3)基于本文的层面露石分割识别算法,采用新修订的《堆石混凝土坝设计规范》(NB/T 10077—2024)的评价方法,对整个层面进行分区采样检测,能够较好地评价现场层面露石情况,对于不满足层面露石率要求的位置也能进行及时反馈,提醒现场采取补救措施。(4)层面露石的水平投影面积与露石高度呈双曲线关系,与垂直投影面积呈线性相关关系;结合前述层面露石水平投影的分割识别方法,可对层面露石高度与垂直投影面积分布进行估计,进而评估露石对层面抗剪承载力的增幅作用。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
金峰,安雪晖,石建军,等. 堆石混凝土及堆石混凝土大坝[J]. 水利学报,2005,36(11):1347-1352.
JIN F,AN X H,SHI J J,et al. Study on rock-fill concrete dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2005,36(11):1347-1352. (in Chinese)
[2]
金峰,张国新,娄诗建,等. 整体浇筑堆石混凝土拱坝拱梁分载法分析研究[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(10):1307-1314.
JIN F,ZHANG G X,LOU S J,et al. Trial load analysis for integral casting RFC arch dams[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2020,51(10):1307-1314. (in Chinese)
[3]
JIN F,HUANG D R,LIN O M,et al. A brief review of rock-filled concrete dams and prospects for next-generation concrete dam construction technology[J]. Engineering,2024,32:99-105.
[4]
金峰,张国新,张全意. 绿塘堆石混凝土拱坝施工期温度分析[J]. 水利学报,2020,51(6):749-756.
JIN F,ZHANG G X,ZHANG Q Y. Temperature analysis for Lyutang RFC arch dam in construction period[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2020,51(6):749-756. (in Chinese)
[5]
徐小蓉,余舜尧,金峰,等. 堆石混凝土流动填充与温升过程原型监测[J]. 水力发电学报,2022,41(11):159-170.
XU X R,YU S Y,JIN F,et al. Flow filling and temperature rise of rock-filled concrete based on prototype monitoring[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2022,41(11):159-170. (in Chinese)
[6]
中华人民共和国国家能源局. 堆石混凝土坝设计规范:NB/T 10077—2024[S]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2024.
National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Code of Design for Rock-Filled Concrete Dams:NB/T 10077-2024[S]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2024. (in Chinese)
[7]
贵州省市场监督管理局. 堆石混凝土拱坝技术规范:[S]. 贵阳:贵州省市场监督管理局,2020.DB52/T 1545—2020
Guizhou Provincial Market Supervision Administration. Technical Code for Rock-Filled Concrete Arch Dams:[S]. Guiyang:Guizhou Provincial Market Supervision Administration,2020. (in Chinese)DB52/T 1545-2020
[8]
中华人民共和国水利部. 胶结颗粒料筑坝技术导则:[S]. 北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018.SL 678—2018
Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. Technical Guideline for Cemented Material Dams:SL 678—2018[J]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2018. (in Chinese)
[9]
中华人民共和国国家能源局. 水电水利工程堆石混凝土施工规范:[S]. 北京:中国电力出版社,2020.DL 5806—2020
National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Construction Specification for Rock-Filled Concrete of Hydropower and Water Conservancy Engineering:DL 5806-2020[J]. Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2020. (in Chinese)
[10]
重庆市市场监督管理局. 水利水电工程单元工程施工质量验收评定 规范堆石混凝土工程:[S]. 重庆:重庆市市场监督管理局,2020.DB50/T 1045—2020
[11]
王放,赵春菊,喻葭临,等. 考虑堆叠遮挡的堆石料级配视觉智能推理方法[J]. 水利学报,2025,56(10):1292-1303.
WANG F,ZHAO C J,YU J L,et al. Visual intelligent inference method for material gradation in rockfill dams considering stacking occlusion[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2025,56(10):1292-1303. (in Chinese)
[12]
宋本扬,崔博,张天伟,等. 碾压混凝土坝仓面碾压及摊铺状态视觉监控方法[J]. 水利学报,2025,56(4):445-454,465.
SONG B Y,CUI B,ZHANG T W,et al. Visual monitoring method for the rolling and paving status of the roller compacted concrete dam[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2025,56(4):445-454,465. (in Chinese)
[13]
沈乔楠,安雪晖,于玉贞. 基于视觉信息的堆石质量评价[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版,2013,53(1):48-52.
SHEN Q N,AN X H,YU Y Z. Rock-filled quality evaluation based on visual information[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2013,53(1):48-52. (in Chinese)
[14]
刘易,付立群,徐小蓉,等. 仓面大粒径堆石的图像处理与粒径识别[J]. 三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2022,44(6):28-34.
LIU Y,FU L Q,XU X R,et al. Image processing and particle size identification of large particle size rockfill on placement surface[J]. Journal of China Three Gorges University:Natural Sciences,2022,44(6):28-34. (in Chinese)
[15]
安宇,徐小蓉,尹志刚,等. 基于SAM & ImageJ图像处理的堆石混凝土坝层面露石率研究[J]. 水资源与水工程学报,2024,35(1):154-161.
AN Y,XU X R,YIN Z G,et al. Research on exposed rockfill proportion of RFC surface based on SAM and ImageJ image processing[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2024,35(1):154-161. (in Chinese)
[16]
ZHAO Z B,CHEN Y H,ZHANG Y,et al. A deep learning model for predicting the production of coalbed methane considering time,space,and geological features[J]. Computers & Geosciences,2023,173:105312.
[17]
LI H,HU Q T,MAO Y,et al. Deep learning-based model for automatic salt rock segmentation[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2022,55(6):3735-3747.
[18]
SHAN L Q,LIU Y C,DU K,et al. Drilling rock image segmentation and analysis using segment anything model[J]. Advances in Geo-Energy Research,2024,12(2):89-101.
[19]
HE L H,ZHOU Y Z,LIU L,et al. Research and application of YOLOv11-based object segmentation in intelligent recognition at construction sites[J]. Buildings,2024,14(12):3777.
[20]
KHANAM R,HUSSAIN M. YOLOv11:An overview of the key architectural enhancements[J]. ArXiv,2024.arXiv:.
[21]
REDMON J,DIVVALA S,GIRSHICK R,et al. You only look once:Unified,real-time object detection[C]// 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Las Vegas:IEEE,2016.
[22]
ALI M L,ZHANG Z. The YOLO framework:A comprehensive review of evolution,applications,and benchmarks in object detection[J]. Computers,2024,13(12):336.
[23]
SOHAN M,SAI R T,RAMI R C V. A review on YOLOV8 and its advancements[C]// Data Intelligence and Cognitive Informatics. Singapore:Springer,2024.
[24]
KIRILLOV A,MINTUN E,RAVI N,et al. Segment anything[C]// 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. Paris:IEEE,2024.
[25]
中华人民共和国国家能源局. 堆石混凝土筑坝技术导则:NB/T 10077—2018[S]北京:中国水利水电出版社,2018.
National Energy Administration of the People's Republic of China. Technical Guide for Rock-Filled Concrete Dams:NB/T 10077-2018[J]. Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2018. (in Chinese)
[26]
青海省市场监督管理局. 水利水电工程堆石混凝土坝施工质量检验与评定规范:[S]. 西宁:青海省市场监督管理局,2022.DB63/T 2086—2022
[27]
罗滔,李玉洁,杨毅,等. 单块石粒径对自密实混凝土断裂性能的影响研究[J]. 水利学报,2023,54(10):1177-1187.
LUO T,LI Y J,YANG Y,et al. Research on the effect of single rock size on the fracture performance of self-compacting concrete[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2023,54(10):1177-1187. (in Chinese)
[28]
秦根泉,梁必玦,蒋水华. 大型堆石混凝土试块特性对比试验研究[J]. 中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2017,15(2):141-147.
QIN G Q,LIANG B J,JIANG S H. Comparative experimental investigation on the properties of large rock-filled concrete test blocks[J]. Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2017,15(2):141-147. (in Chinese)
[29]
任明倩,安雪晖,谭妮,等. 堆石骨料对混凝土层面剪切性能影响的试验研究[J]. 清华大学学报:自然科学版,2019,59(12):967-974.
REN M Q,AN X H,TAN N,et al. Experimental study of the influence of rocks on the interlayer shear behavior of rock-filled concrete[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2019,59(12):967-974. (in Chinese)
[30]
任明倩. 堆石混凝土层间界面剪切力学性能研究[D]. 北京:清华大学,2019.
REN M Q. Research on the Shear Mechanical Properties of Rock-filled Concrete Construction Joints[D]. Beijing:Tsinghua University,2019. (in Chinese)
2026年第57卷第5期
PDF下载
238
100
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3724/j.slxb.20250298
  • 接收时间:2025-05-25
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2026-05-20
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-25
基金
作者信息
    1.青海大学 土木水利学院,青海 西宁 810000
    2.清华大学 水利水电工程系,北京 100084
    3.湖北能源集团罗田平坦原抽水蓄能有限公司,湖北 黄冈 438000
    4.中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410000

通讯作者:

杨家琦(1993—),博士,助理研究员,主要从事堆石混凝土及其数智化施工研究。E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/slxb/CN/10.3724/j.slxb.20250298
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏