Article(id=1244334017009529145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, issueId=1244334009858240758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0071, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730649600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-04, revisedDate=1740844800000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774601948263, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774601948263, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774601948263, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774601948263, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244334009858240758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, year='2025', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='211', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774601946558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602401281, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244335917167657884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, issueId=1244334009858240758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244335917167657885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, issueId=1244334009858240758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=192, endPage=200, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244334017835807042, articleId=1244334017009529145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, language=EN, title=Study on time-varying aging of laminated rubber bearings and its influence on seismic response of skew bridges, columnId=null, journalTitle=World Earthquake Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The laminated rubber bearings of in-service bridges are prone to aging, which leads to the time-varying mechanical properties of the rubber bearings, resulting in changes in the structural response under earthquakes action. To explore the time-varying laws of the mechanical properties of in-service laminated rubber bearings, this paper employed the accelerated thermal aging method to age eight laminated rubber bearings for different times. The variation laws of the horizontal force-displacement hysteresis curves, horizontal shear stiffness, and friction coefficients of laminated rubber bearings under different aging times under compression-shear action are discussed. The finite element model of a three-span prestressed concrete diagonal continuous beam bridge is established, and the influence of the stiffness and friction coefficient of the aging laminated rubber bearings on the seismic response of the upper and lower structures of the bridge under different seismic intensities was analyzed. The results show that aging has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of laminated rubber bearings, causing the horizontal force-displacement hysteresis loops of the bearings to become larger. Moreover, with the increase in aging time, the horizontal shear stiffness and friction coefficient of the bearings increase. The time-varying nature of the mechanical properties of aged laminated rubber bearings can reduce the rotational displacement of the superstructure girder of the skew bridge, but it leads to an increase in the seismic forces of the substructure and increases the risk of damage to the substructure. Therefore, the aging of laminated rubber bearings cannot be ignored, and the aging degree of laminated rubber bearings needs to be quantified when evaluating the seismic performance of in-service bridges.

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服役桥梁板式橡胶支座容易发生老化,导致支座力学性能存在时变性,以致地震作用下结构响应发生变化。为探究服役板式橡胶支座力学性能时变规律,采用加速热老化方法对8个板式橡胶支座进行了不同时间的老化处理,探讨了压剪作用下不同老化时间的板式橡胶支座的水平力-位移滞回曲线、水平剪切刚度及摩擦系数变化规律,建立了一座3跨预应力混凝土斜交连续梁桥有限元模型,分析了不同水平地震作用下老化板式橡胶支座刚度及摩擦系数变化对桥梁上下部结构地震响应的影响。结果表明:老化对板式橡胶支座力学性能影响较大,导致支座水平力-位移滞回圈变大,且随着老化时间的增长,支座水平剪切刚度及摩擦系数增加;老化板式橡胶支座力学性能时变性会降低斜交桥上部结构梁体转动位移,但导致下部结构地震力增加,增加了下部结构损伤风险。因此,板式橡胶支座老化问题不可忽视,对于服役桥梁抗震性能评估时需量化板式橡胶支座老化程度。

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游新(1988—),男,副教授,主要从事桥梁抗震方向研究。E-mail:

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游新(1988—),男,副教授,主要从事桥梁抗震方向研究。E-mail:

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游新(1988—),男,副教授,主要从事桥梁抗震方向研究。E-mail:

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rfOrder=0, authorNames=顾浩声, 伊藤義人, journalName=北京工业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=顾浩声, 伊藤義人. 老化后天然橡胶隔震支座的性能预测[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2012, 38(10): 1515-1521., articleTitle=老化后天然橡胶隔震支座的性能预测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244335212847547214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=38, issue=10, pageStart=1515, pageEnd=1521, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=GU Haosheng, ITOH Yoshito, journalName=Journal of Beijing University of Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GU Haosheng, ITOH Yoshito. 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ArticleFig(id=1244335210838475499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Details of experimental design

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组号试件编号加速老化时间压应力/MPa
1未老化-106
290-1-134小时(约1.4天)6
390-2-177小时(约3.2天)6
490-4-1178小时(约7.4天)6
590-1-234小时(约1.4天)9
690-2-277小时(约3.2天)9
790-3-2113小时(约4.7天)9
890-4-2178小时(约7.4天)9
), ArticleFig(id=1244335210960110317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验设计详情

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组号试件编号加速老化时间压应力/MPa
1未老化-106
290-1-134小时(约1.4天)6
390-2-177小时(约3.2天)6
490-4-1178小时(约7.4天)6
590-1-234小时(约1.4天)9
690-2-277小时(约3.2天)9
790-3-2113小时(约4.7天)9
890-4-2178小时(约7.4天)9
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211085939445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of horizontal shear stiffness of bearings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剪应变/%90-2-190-2-2差值/%90-4-190-4-2差值/%
1001 9452 0083.22 0492 0640.7
1501 9902 0533.22 1042 1080.2
2001 9992 1185.92 1462 1751.3
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211169825527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

支座水平剪切刚度值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
剪应变/%90-2-190-2-2差值/%90-4-190-4-2差值/%
1001 9452 0083.22 0492 0640.7
1501 9902 0533.22 1042 1080.2
2001 9992 1185.92 1462 1751.3
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211287266046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of friction coefficients of aging bearings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
6 MPa压应力加载试件9 MPa压应力加载试件
未老化-190-1-1差值/%90-2-1差值/%90-4-1差值/%90-1-290-2-2差值/%90-3-2差值/%90-4-2差值/%
0.310.3410.20.322.80.3513.60.2670.2867.10.29510.50.31618.4
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211400512260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

老化支座摩擦系数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
6 MPa压应力加载试件9 MPa压应力加载试件
未老化-190-1-1差值/%90-2-1差值/%90-4-1差值/%90-1-290-2-2差值/%90-3-2差值/%90-4-2差值/%
0.310.3410.20.322.80.3513.60.2670.2867.10.29510.50.31618.4
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211551507210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Horizontal shear stiffness and friction coefficient of the bearing for analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析工况工况1工况2工况3工况4
水平剪切刚度/(kN/m)1 7131 7691 8261 882
摩擦系数0.2000.2170.2270.234
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211656364813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

分析用支座水平剪切刚度及摩擦系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分析工况工况1工况2工况3工况4
水平剪切刚度/(kN/m)1 7131 7691 8261 882
摩擦系数0.2000.2170.2270.234
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211782193941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Ground motion information

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地震动年代震级地震名分量1 PGA/g分量2 PGA/g
RSN-299819996.2Chi-Chi0.170.17
RSN-403920036.6Bam0.170.17
RSN-433719975.7Umbria Marche(foreshock)0.170.17
RSN-499320076.8Chuetsu-oki0.170.17
RSN-522520076.8Chuetsu-oki0.170.17
RSN-831120025.31CA/Baja Border Area0.170.17
RSN-2097120064.3215224240.170.17
), ArticleFig(id=1244335211937383197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334017009529145, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

地震动信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震动年代震级地震名分量1 PGA/g分量2 PGA/g
RSN-299819996.2Chi-Chi0.170.17
RSN-403920036.6Bam0.170.17
RSN-433719975.7Umbria Marche(foreshock)0.170.17
RSN-499320076.8Chuetsu-oki0.170.17
RSN-522520076.8Chuetsu-oki0.170.17
RSN-831120025.31CA/Baja Border Area0.170.17
RSN-2097120064.3215224240.170.17
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板式橡胶支座老化时变性及其对斜交桥地震响应影响研究
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游新 1 , 王艺钦 2, 3 , 吴刚 3
世界地震工程 | 常规论文 2025,41(4): 192-200
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世界地震工程 | 常规论文 2025, 41(4): 192-200
板式橡胶支座老化时变性及其对斜交桥地震响应影响研究
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游新1 , 王艺钦2, 3, 吴刚3
作者信息
  • 1.青海理工学院,青海 西宁 810016
  • 2.四川康新高速公路有限责任公司,四川 康定 610213
  • 3.华东交通大学 土木建筑学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 游新(1988—),男,副教授,主要从事桥梁抗震方向研究。E-mail:

Study on time-varying aging of laminated rubber bearings and its influence on seismic response of skew bridges
Xin YOU1 , Yiqin WANG2, 3, Gang WU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Qinghai Institute of Technology, Xining 810016, China
  • 2.Sichuan Kangxin Expressway Co., Ltd., Kangding 610213, China
  • 3.College of Civil Engineering and Construction, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0071
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服役桥梁板式橡胶支座容易发生老化,导致支座力学性能存在时变性,以致地震作用下结构响应发生变化。为探究服役板式橡胶支座力学性能时变规律,采用加速热老化方法对8个板式橡胶支座进行了不同时间的老化处理,探讨了压剪作用下不同老化时间的板式橡胶支座的水平力-位移滞回曲线、水平剪切刚度及摩擦系数变化规律,建立了一座3跨预应力混凝土斜交连续梁桥有限元模型,分析了不同水平地震作用下老化板式橡胶支座刚度及摩擦系数变化对桥梁上下部结构地震响应的影响。结果表明:老化对板式橡胶支座力学性能影响较大,导致支座水平力-位移滞回圈变大,且随着老化时间的增长,支座水平剪切刚度及摩擦系数增加;老化板式橡胶支座力学性能时变性会降低斜交桥上部结构梁体转动位移,但导致下部结构地震力增加,增加了下部结构损伤风险。因此,板式橡胶支座老化问题不可忽视,对于服役桥梁抗震性能评估时需量化板式橡胶支座老化程度。

桥梁工程  /  板式橡胶支座  /  橡胶老化  /  抗震分析  /  时变特性

The laminated rubber bearings of in-service bridges are prone to aging, which leads to the time-varying mechanical properties of the rubber bearings, resulting in changes in the structural response under earthquakes action. To explore the time-varying laws of the mechanical properties of in-service laminated rubber bearings, this paper employed the accelerated thermal aging method to age eight laminated rubber bearings for different times. The variation laws of the horizontal force-displacement hysteresis curves, horizontal shear stiffness, and friction coefficients of laminated rubber bearings under different aging times under compression-shear action are discussed. The finite element model of a three-span prestressed concrete diagonal continuous beam bridge is established, and the influence of the stiffness and friction coefficient of the aging laminated rubber bearings on the seismic response of the upper and lower structures of the bridge under different seismic intensities was analyzed. The results show that aging has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of laminated rubber bearings, causing the horizontal force-displacement hysteresis loops of the bearings to become larger. Moreover, with the increase in aging time, the horizontal shear stiffness and friction coefficient of the bearings increase. The time-varying nature of the mechanical properties of aged laminated rubber bearings can reduce the rotational displacement of the superstructure girder of the skew bridge, but it leads to an increase in the seismic forces of the substructure and increases the risk of damage to the substructure. Therefore, the aging of laminated rubber bearings cannot be ignored, and the aging degree of laminated rubber bearings needs to be quantified when evaluating the seismic performance of in-service bridges.

bridge engineering  /  laminated rubber bearing  /  rubber aging  /  seismic analysis  /  time-variant feature
游新, 王艺钦, 吴刚. 板式橡胶支座老化时变性及其对斜交桥地震响应影响研究. 世界地震工程, 2025 , 41 (4) : 192 -200 . DOI: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0071
Xin YOU, Yiqin WANG, Gang WU. Study on time-varying aging of laminated rubber bearings and its influence on seismic response of skew bridges[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2025 , 41 (4) : 192 -200 . DOI: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0071
在役桥梁橡胶类支座长期暴露于自然环境中,易因橡胶材料发生老化而出现力学性能退化问题,并导致支座剪切性能和摩擦特性等发生变化,增加了结构地震损伤的复杂性和不确定性。因此,橡胶支座的力学性能的时变特性受到广泛关注。顾浩声等[1]对老化天然橡胶材料进行大量试验研究,分析了橡胶隔震支座老化发展规律,提出了天然橡胶支座老化模型和老化预测方法;HAMAGUCHI等[2]通过对实际使用了近10年和20年的天然橡胶支座进行老化效应研究,发现支座的竖向刚度值较其初始刚度值增加约20%,水平剪切刚度值较初始刚度值增加约10%;马玉宏等[3-4]、洪迪甫等[5]、LI等[6]和LIU等[7]开展了大量试验研究,揭示了近海桥梁隔震橡胶支座在环境耦合因素下的力学性能退化规律,并提出了老化后的橡胶隔震支座刚度计算公式。上述文献对橡胶隔震支座进行了系统深入研究,但板式橡胶支座力学性能独特性在于其摩擦滑移特性。李悦等[8]对板式橡胶支座进行摩擦滑移试验,分析了摩擦滑移与橡胶老化对桥梁结构整体抗震性能的影响,探究了海蚀环境下考虑摩擦滑移的桥梁板式橡胶支座老化剪切性能,但其缺少对老化支座的摩擦滑移试验;董振华等[9]考虑圆形板式橡胶材料老化、轴向压应力、支座几何构型等参数,结合支座试验与有限元法探讨了老化橡胶支座在不同受力阶段的剪切性能;HE等[10]通过对加速热老化后的圆形板式橡胶支座进行压剪试验,探讨了老化对支座压缩模量、剪切模量、摩擦系数及摩擦滑移特性的影响;崔皓蒙等[11]基于板式橡胶支座的热老化试验及拟静力试验,分析了支座试件在不同加载条件下的变形状态、滞回行为及相关力学响应,探讨了板式橡胶支座在老化情况下的摩擦滑动性能,但缺少对不同老化时间下支座力学性能的对比。老化板式橡胶支座力学性能影响因素包括形状系数、老化时间、压应力及接触面材料等,既有文献对这些因素考虑尚不深入。
此外,支座是连接桥梁上部结构和下部结构的重要构件,在桥梁抗震中发挥着重要作用,且板式橡胶支座广泛应用于中小跨径梁桥,其刚度、摩擦等力学性能对桥梁结构地震响应的影响不可忽略。WU等[12-13]基于试验结果提出了考虑板式橡胶支座力学退化的计算模型,通过对比分析考虑支座力学性能退化与否对桥梁地震响应的影响,发现考虑支座力学性能退化影响较大;JEONG等[14]采用OpenSees建立分析模型,研究了支座老化效应对箱梁桥地震响应的影响,发现支座老化会导致地震作用下桥梁支座位移和剪力的增大;沈贤等[15]探讨了支座动摩擦系数、剪切刚度、局部脱空等参数对斜交桥地震反应的影响,并给出了在桥梁设计、施工阶段的优化建议;黄海新等[16]通过拟静力试验探究了老化与偏心受压下板式橡胶支座的抗震性能,发现老化和偏心耦合状态下的支座耗能能力明显削弱,且位于梁端或长期处于偏压状态的普通板式橡胶支座在地震中存在因单向累计滑移过大而脱落的风险。地震中采用板式橡胶支座的斜交桥主梁存在面内转动,导致双向碰撞风险增加,然而考虑了板式橡胶支座老化时变性影响的斜交桥地震响应研究尚不多见。
综上所述,准确揭示服役板式橡胶支座老化性能退化规律是准确评估桥梁结构地震响应的关键基础。采用加速老化是研究橡胶类支座老化性能的常用方法,拟先基于加速热老化试验分析了老化矩形板式橡胶支座力学性能变化规律,并根据试验结果设计了4种老化支座刚度及摩擦系数变化工况,进一步探究了老化支座力学参数变化对斜交桥地震响应的影响。相关研究思路及结果可为服役桥梁抗震分析与评价提供借鉴。
为探讨板式橡胶支座老化后力学性能对梁桥主梁地震响应规律的影响,需首先明确老化板式橡胶支座性能退化的时变规律。为此,设计了一批支座加速老化试验。
为使所有试件在同一环境下进行加速老化,根据老化箱的尺寸,选取8个同一批生产的板式橡胶支座,型号为GBJ 250 mm×300 mm×52 mm,并根据既有橡胶支座加速老化试验研究[3-8,9-11],选定加速老化温度90℃。将8个板式橡胶支座同时放入老化箱,如图1所示。设计了不同的老化时间,分4批次取出,每一批取出2个,依照取出顺序分为1、2、3、4四组,具体见表1。此外,进行压剪试验时,考虑了不同竖向压应力的影响[11,13]
采用FCSYJZ-3000 kg电液伺服试验机进行支座压剪试验加载,如图2所示。首先施加竖向压力至预定值并保持;然后在水平方向施加往复的水平位移。以位移进行控制,各位移对应的剪切应变为25%、50%、75%、100%、150%、200%、250%、300%、350%、400%,其中的每个幅值循环4次,如图3所示,其中加载位移=剪切应变×橡胶层总厚度。
1)滞回曲线对比
随着剪切位移的增加,板式橡胶支座变形主要经历弹性剪切变形-翘曲或轻微滑移-显著滑移-稳定滑动等阶段[11,17],各阶段对应的支座水平力-位移关系曲线形状表现存在明显差别。图4对比了不同剪切变形下老化后支座与未老化支座的水平力-位移滞回关系曲线。由图可以看出,剪切变形小于75%时,支座力-位移关系呈狭长滞回圈,处于线弹性阶段;剪切变形75%~200%时,支座力-位移关系变化明显,刚度有所下降,同时反向加载时荷载下降较大,主要是支座翘曲逐渐加大影响到刚度变化所导致;剪切变形达到250%后支座因伴随着滑移而出现在最大位移时水平力峰值下降。
此外,不同剪应变下老化支座水平力-位移滞回圈均大于未老化支座,且剪应变越大差别越大。同时从图4(f)~图4(h)可以看出,老化支座较未老化支座先发生水平力下降(先达到水平力峰值),说明老化支座更早发生滑动。由此说明老化对板式橡胶支座的刚度及摩擦特性等力学性能影响较大。
2)水平剪切刚度
图5为不同压应力工况下各支座试件的水平剪切刚度随剪应变的变化规律,其中水平剪切刚度取为每级循环加载下最大水平力时对应的刚度值。可以看出,随着剪应变的增加,所有支座的水平剪切刚度值均呈现先下降后几乎平稳的变化规律。结合滞回曲线和试验变形观测可知,水平剪切刚度下降主要是由于支座不断增大的翘曲面积所引起。随着剪应变的增加,支座翘曲面积逐渐稳定,滑动逐步发生,但在出现显著滑移之前(本试验中均仅出现微量滑动),水平剪切刚度变化较小,如图4(i)中圆形标识所示。同时由图5可发现,相同压应力及剪应变作用下,支座的水平剪切刚度随着老化时间的增长而增加,水平剪切刚度差值最大发生在90-4-1支座试件与未老化-1试件在剪应变300%时,相差达25.89%。此外,竖向压应力对支座刚度也有一定影响,见表2,支座水平剪切刚度随压应力增加而增大。
3)支座滑动摩擦系数
老化板式橡胶支座表层橡胶材料组成和结构发生变化,甚至出现内部孔洞、裂纹的扩展,从而导致其摩擦系数变化明显。表3对比了不同老化时间下的支座摩擦系数变化规律。可以看出,随着老化时间的增加,支座摩擦系数增加明显,6 MPa压应力工况下支座的摩擦系数相对未老化支座最大增幅为13.6%,而9 MPa压应力工况下最大增幅达到18.4%,说明老化对板式橡胶支座摩擦特性的影响不可忽略。此外,随着压应力增加,相同老化时间下的摩擦系数均有下降。
以一座3跨(3×30 m)预应力混凝土斜交连续梁桥为例,主梁由4片预制小箱梁拼装而成,小箱梁采用C50混凝土。桥面总宽度为13 m,斜交角度为45°。桥墩为三柱式圆形桥墩,材料为C30,桩基材料为C25,纵筋和箍筋均采用HRB335型钢筋。桥台左右两侧以及桥墩墩顶盖梁处左右两侧均设置有横向挡块,横向挡块高50 cm,宽49.6 cm,挡块与主梁之间间距为5 cm。墩台处采用板式橡胶支座(GYZ 350×74)。桥址场地土类别为II类,特征周期为0.4 s,抗震设防烈度为Ⅶ度。
采用OpenSees建立全桥动力分析模型,如图6所示。以桥梁路线轴向为X轴,垂直于X轴方向为Y轴,竖直方向为Z轴。由于在地震中主梁少有发生损伤,故主梁采用弹性梁单元进行模拟。桥墩和桩均采用纤维单元进行模拟,以考虑桥墩以及桩的非线性,其中约束混凝土纤维采用Mander本构模型[12]。在桩柱周围布置零长度单元(zero length element)作为等代“土弹簧”来模拟桩-土相互作用,其刚度可参考《公路桥涵地基与基础设计规范》(JTG 3363—2019)[18]附录L内容中m法计算。同时,为了便于后文分析说明,此处对支座、桥台和挡块碰撞单元进行编号,如图7所示。
为了研究板式橡胶支座力学性能变化对服役斜交桥抗震性能的影响,根据前面支座试验得到支座水平剪切刚度及摩擦系数变化规律。建立4种分析工况,见表4,其中工况1为未老化支座力学参数值,参考《公路桥梁板式橡胶支座》(JT/T 4—2019)规范[19]计算得到,而工况2到工况4的支座力学参数值是参考前文90-1-1、90-2-1和90-4-1试件试验结果相对未老化-1试件的差值百分比来近似计算确定,以分别代表具有不同老化时间的服役支座力学性能。
参考《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》(JEG/T 2231-01—2020)[20]建立目标谱,并从太平洋地震工程中心(PEER)中选择匹配目标谱的7条地震动,见表5图8所示。为深入探讨不同地震动水平下老化板式橡胶支座力学性能时变性对主梁地震响应的影响,将地震动的峰值加速度进行调整,其中分量1分别调整为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 g,分量2采用等比例缩放,并采用水平双向输入方式。
1)主梁转动
地震作用下,斜交桥主梁会产生转动现象,图9为工况1的0#桥台A0-1和A0-4碰撞点主梁X方向位移差时程曲线。由图可以发现,地震作用下0#桥台A0-1和A0-4碰撞点主梁X方向产生了较大位移差,说明地震作用下主梁会产生较大的转动;并且随着地震峰值加速度的增大,位移差会进一步加大,即主梁的转动现象变得更加明显。同时,根据图中所示0.4和0.5 g峰值加速度地震作用下的位移差时程曲线可知,地震动结束时出现了较大的位移差,说明主梁出现了较大的转动残余位移。因此,地震作用下斜交桥的主梁转动现象不可忽视。
为进一步分析支座性能退化对主梁转动响应的影响,此处引入梁体旋转度的概念γ[21],如式(1)所示:
式中:γ为梁体旋转度,值越大表明梁体旋转越明显;(Δy1+Δy2)为主梁梁体两端横向的相对位移之和;L为主梁长度。
图10对比了地震峰值加速度0.4和0.5 g时,各分析工况下主梁旋转度γ。由图可知,在地震峰值加速度为0.4和0.5 g时,梁体旋转度γ随桥支座老化程度的增加而下降,两个地震动水平下分别下降了44.6%和12.7%。说明随着桥梁服役年限,支座老化程度增加,导致斜交桥主梁的转动减小。这是由于随着桥梁服役年限(支座老化程度)增加,板式橡胶支座刚度和摩擦系数逐渐增大,在相同地震力的作用下,斜交桥上部结构梁体转动位移减小。
2)桥墩地震响应分析
图11为不同水平地震动作用下,各分析工况桥梁的P2-1墩墩底曲率延性比变化规律。由图可看出,不同水平地震动作用下,随着支座老化程度增加(桥梁服役年限增加),P2-1号墩墩底曲率延性比呈增长趋势,其中X方向墩底曲率延性比分别增长了17.4%、18.1%、6.8%、4.6%、2.9%,Y方向墩底曲率延性比分别增长了8.5%、27.6%、15.2%、5.2%、9.5%。这主要是因为随着支座老化程度增加(桥梁服役年限增加),支座刚度和摩擦系数增大,导致上部结构传递到下部结构桥墩的地震力增大。而且图中所示墩底曲率延性比均小于1,说明桥墩未进入屈服状态,即桥墩不发生严重破坏,这与近年来我国发生的地震中采用板式橡胶支座的桥梁下部结构震害表现相符。
通过对加速老化处理的板式橡胶支座进行压剪试验,分析了老化支座力学性能退化规律,并结合一斜交连续梁桥有限元模型探讨了老化板式橡胶支座力学性能变化对结构地震响应的影响,得到以下结论:
1)老化对板式橡胶支座的压剪响应过程有影响,不同剪应变下老化支座水平力-位移滞回圈均大于未老化支座,这表明老化后支座更易发生滑动,且剪应变越大,差异性越大。在地震荷载作用下,支座易产生大剪切变形,此时需要关注服役支座老化程度。
2)随着剪应变的增加,老化前后板式橡胶支座水平剪切刚度变化规律一致,说明其剪切变形过程相似,但在相同竖向力和剪切变形作用下老化后支座水平刚度数值更大,试验中最大相差达25.89%。同时,老化后支座摩擦系数会显著增加,且随着老化时间的增加,支座摩擦系数增加更为明显。
3)相同老化时间下,随着支座竖向压应力增加,老化后支座水平剪切刚度会增大,而摩擦系数有所下降。
4)基于板式橡胶支座老化试验结果建立了支座性能时变分析工况,有限元分析结果表明,不同老化程度的支座力学性能直接影响到斜交桥主梁转动效应及传至下部结构的地震力。文中结合老化试验结果建立分析工况的分析方法,在桥梁抗震设计时可用来评估结构在服役过程中的地震风险。
  • 西大筹领(博士/硕士)论文延伸科研培育计划项目〔2023〕10号(202301lwys016)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52368073)
  • 江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232BAB204071)
  • 青海省科技计划项目(2025-ZJ-709)
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2025年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0071
  • 接收时间:2024-11-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-04
  • 修回日期:2025-03-02
基金
西大筹领(博士/硕士)论文延伸科研培育计划项目〔2023〕10号(202301lwys016)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52368073)
江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20232BAB204071)
青海省科技计划项目(2025-ZJ-709)
作者信息
    1.青海理工学院,青海 西宁 810016
    2.四川康新高速公路有限责任公司,四川 康定 610213
    3.华东交通大学 土木建筑学院,江西 南昌 330013
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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种数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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