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Article(id=1244334014383899062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, issueId=1244334009858240758, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0057, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=1743955200000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774601947637, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774601947637, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774601947637, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774601947637, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244334009858240758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, year='2025', volume='41', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='211', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774601946558, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602401281, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244335917167657884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, issueId=1244334009858240758, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244335917167657885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, issueId=1244334009858240758, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=30, endPage=39, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244334018716615122, articleId=1244334014383899062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, language=EN, title=Shaking table test on up-down large diameter water pipelines crossing at short distance, columnId=null, journalTitle=World Earthquake Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Water pipelines are important lifeline engineering. In order to study the seismic dynamic response law of up-down large diameter water pipelines crossing at short distance. A series of shaking table tests with a model similarity ratio of 1∶10 were conducted to study the seismic response law of large diameter water transmission pipelines in close proximity. The acceleration response and strain response of the structure and soil layer under single pipeline structure and cross pipeline conditions were compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that underpass pipelines have a complex impact on the acceleration response of the upper pipeline, depending on the size of the load, site dynamic characteristics, etc; When the input peak values of El-Centro are 0.1 g and 0.2 g, the downward crossing of the pipeline reduces the acceleration of the upper pipeline by 28.0% and 7.9%, respectively relative to a single pipeline. However, when these valuses of El-Centro are 0.4 g and 0.6 g, the peak acceleration of the upper pipeline increases by 4.9% and 39.5% relative to the acceleration of a single pipeline. The underpassing pipeline reduces the peak value and increases the bandwidth of the Fourier spectrum of acceleration when passing through the pipeline. The maximum strain peak of the pipeline occurs at a 45° between the lower part of the pipeline and the horizontal plane, which is 3.6% to 39.0% lower than the peak strain of a single pipeline.

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输水管道是重要的生命线工程。为研究近距离交叉大直径输水管道地震响应规律，进行了模型相似比为1∶10的振动台试验。对比分析单管结构工况和交叉管道工况下，结构和土层加速度反应及结构应变反应规律。对比分析表明：下穿管道存在对上部管道加速度响应影响复杂，取决于荷载大小、场地动力特性等；输入激励为0.1 g和0.2 g El-Centro波时，下穿管道使上部管道加速度（相对于单管道）分别减小28.0%和7.9%，而输入激励为0.4 g和0.6 g El-Centro波时，上部管道加速度峰值相对于单管道分别增大了4.9%和39.5%。下穿管道使上穿管道加速度傅里叶谱的峰值减小和频宽增大。管道最大应变峰值出现在管道下部与水平面成45°处，上穿管道应变峰值相对于单管道减小了3.6%~39.0%。

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陆耀波（1987—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail：

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陆耀波（1987—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail：

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陆耀波（1987—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail：

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articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Layout of strain sensors, figureFileSmall=1GBB1hLhwLd5GbPqF46oqQ==, figureFileBig=+q7whsUb1eRHvhYZZa/d4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335212474249991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=图5, caption=应变传感器布置图, figureFileSmall=1GBB1hLhwLd5GbPqF46oqQ==, figureFileBig=+q7whsUb1eRHvhYZZa/d4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335212566524684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Fourier spectra of pipe A and pipe B under 0.1 g El-Centro wave excitation, figureFileSmall=3CqRPxOJ/1zQadgzHWX7cQ==, figureFileBig=N/TjnBfl4v75NGu352I/CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335212683965204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=图6, caption=输入0.1 g El-Centro波时A管和B管加速度傅里叶谱, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Peak strain curve of the structure under 0.4 g seismic excitation, figureFileSmall=0YjQphAkkZK1tjv+p7B2Kw==, figureFileBig=/0W4x9Z/GGHpHCD88BjFew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335215376708462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=图13, caption=输入0.4 g地震波时结构应变峰值曲线, figureFileSmall=0YjQphAkkZK1tjv+p7B2Kw==, figureFileBig=/0W4x9Z/GGHpHCD88BjFew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335215464788851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Peak strain curve of the structure under 0.6 g seismic excitation, figureFileSmall=qYCzxvetc/+pp/6gZnXk6A==, figureFileBig=L9N3x4n7OEtjs8c4Cs+71A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335215573840758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=图14, caption=输入0.6 g地震波时结构应变峰值曲线, figureFileSmall=qYCzxvetc/+pp/6gZnXk6A==, figureFileBig=L9N3x4n7OEtjs8c4Cs+71A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335215779361664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Peak strain deviation percentage for pipe A and pipe B, figureFileSmall=xwdCEdbpZFzS0tC+CQjSsA==, figureFileBig=bcWrXIoXTf3QScB40UcyVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335215859053445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=图15, caption=A管道和B管道应变峰值偏差百分比, figureFileSmall=xwdCEdbpZFzS0tC+CQjSsA==, figureFileBig=bcWrXIoXTf3QScB40UcyVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244335215951328138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Model similarity relations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量相似关系管道结构
长度l[L] SL=1/10
线位移δ[L] Sδ=SL=1/10
弹性模量E[FL-2] SE=0.015
等效质量密度ρe[FL-4T2] Sρe=0.15
频率ω[T-1] Sω=3.16
时间t[T] ST=SL(Sρe/SE)1/2=0.316
加速度a[TL-2] Sa=SE/(SLSρe)=1
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216035214223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型相似关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量相似关系管道结构
长度l[L] SL=1/10
线位移δ[L] Sδ=SL=1/10
弹性模量E[FL-2] SE=0.015
等效质量密度ρe[FL-4T2] Sρe=0.15
频率ω[T-1] Sω=3.16
时间t[T] ST=SL(Sρe/SE)1/2=0.316
加速度a[TL-2] Sa=SE/(SLSρe)=1
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216131683220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号结构模型输入荷载类型加速度峰值/g
试验A单管道Kobe、唐山波、El-Centro0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6
试验B交叉管道Kobe、唐山波、El-Centro0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6
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试验工况

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试验编号结构模型输入荷载类型加速度峰值/g
试验A单管道Kobe、唐山波、El-Centro0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6
试验B交叉管道Kobe、唐山波、El-Centro0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216349787039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of peak acceleration and amplification factor between pipe A and pipe B

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试验编号单管（a2-A）交叉管道-B管（a2-B）[(a2-B)-(a2-A)]/(a2-A)
加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%
EL-010.1641.470.1181.18-28.0
EL-020.2541.170.2341.17-7.9
EL-040.3490.780.3660.924.9
EL-060.4710.620.6571.1039.5
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216446256033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

A管和B管的加速度峰值和放大系数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号单管（a2-A）交叉管道-B管（a2-B）[(a2-B)-(a2-A)]/(a2-A)
加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%
EL-010.1641.470.1181.18-28.0
EL-020.2541.170.2341.17-7.9
EL-040.3490.780.3660.924.9
EL-060.4710.620.6571.1039.5
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216559502248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of peak acceleration and amplification factors between pipe B and pipe C

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试验编号B管道（a2-B）C管道（a8-C）[(a2-B)-(a8-C)]/(a8-C)
加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%
EL-010.1181.180.1061.0611.3
EL-020.2341.170.2031.0215.3
EL-040.3660.920.2880.7227.1
EL-060.6571.100.6831.14-3.8
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216651776941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

B管和C管加速度峰值和放大系数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号B管道（a2-B）C管道（a8-C）[(a2-B)-(a8-C)]/(a8-C)
加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%
EL-010.1181.180.1061.0611.3
EL-020.2341.170.2031.0215.3
EL-040.3660.920.2880.7227.1
EL-060.6571.100.6831.14-3.8
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216710497200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Peak acceleration and amplification factors between pipe and soil

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试验编号单管道A[(a2-A)-(a5-A)]/(a5-A)交叉管道B管[(a2-B)-(a5-B)]/(a5-B)
结构(a2-A)土体(a5-A)结构(a2-B)土体(a5-B)
加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%
EL-010.1641.470.1051.0556.20.1181.180.1121.125.4
EL-020.2541.170.1910.9632.90.2341.170.1940.9720.6
EL-040.3490.780.2760.6926.40.3660.920.3430.866.7
EL-060.4710.690.4420.736.50.6571.100.5870.9811.9
), ArticleFig(id=1244335216790188980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1243988319449690156, articleId=1244334014383899062, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

管道和土体的加速度峰值及放大系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号单管道A[(a2-A)-(a5-A)]/(a5-A)交叉管道B管[(a2-B)-(a5-B)]/(a5-B)
结构(a2-A)土体(a5-A)结构(a2-B)土体(a5-B)
加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%加速度峰值/g放大系数加速度峰值/g放大系数偏差百分比/%
EL-010.1641.470.1051.0556.20.1181.180.1121.125.4
EL-020.2541.170.1910.9632.90.2341.170.1940.9720.6
EL-040.3490.780.2760.6926.40.3660.920.3430.866.7
EL-060.4710.690.4420.736.50.6571.100.5870.9811.9
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上下近距离交叉大直径输水管道振动台试验研究
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陆耀波 1 , 黄晓佳 1 , 欧阳志勇 2 , 李亚东 3 , 崔杰 3
世界地震工程 | 海城地震50周年专栏 2025,41(4): 30-39
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世界地震工程 | 海城地震50周年专栏 2025, 41(4): 30-39
上下近距离交叉大直径输水管道振动台试验研究
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陆耀波1 , 黄晓佳1, 欧阳志勇2, 李亚东3, 崔杰3
作者信息
  • 1.广州职业技术大学建筑工程学院，广东　广州　511483
  • 2.嘉应学院土木工程学院，广东　梅州　514015
  • 3.广州大学土木与交通工程学院，广东　广州　510006

    • 陆耀波（1987—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail：

Shaking table test on up-down large diameter water pipelines crossing at short distance
Yaobo LU1 , Xiaojia HUANG1, Zhiyong OUYang2, Yadong LI3, Jie CUI3
Affiliations
  • 1.Architectural Engineering Institute, Guangzhou Polytechnic University, Guangzhou 511483, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
  • 3.School of Civil Engineering and transportation, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0057
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输水管道是重要的生命线工程。为研究近距离交叉大直径输水管道地震响应规律，进行了模型相似比为1∶10的振动台试验。对比分析单管结构工况和交叉管道工况下，结构和土层加速度反应及结构应变反应规律。对比分析表明：下穿管道存在对上部管道加速度响应影响复杂，取决于荷载大小、场地动力特性等；输入激励为0.1 g和0.2 g El-Centro波时，下穿管道使上部管道加速度（相对于单管道）分别减小28.0%和7.9%，而输入激励为0.4 g和0.6 g El-Centro波时，上部管道加速度峰值相对于单管道分别增大了4.9%和39.5%。下穿管道使上穿管道加速度傅里叶谱的峰值减小和频宽增大。管道最大应变峰值出现在管道下部与水平面成45°处，上穿管道应变峰值相对于单管道减小了3.6%~39.0%。

生命线工程  /  大直径输水管道  /  振动台试验  /  地震响应

Water pipelines are important lifeline engineering. In order to study the seismic dynamic response law of up-down large diameter water pipelines crossing at short distance. A series of shaking table tests with a model similarity ratio of 1∶10 were conducted to study the seismic response law of large diameter water transmission pipelines in close proximity. The acceleration response and strain response of the structure and soil layer under single pipeline structure and cross pipeline conditions were compared and analyzed. The analysis results show that underpass pipelines have a complex impact on the acceleration response of the upper pipeline, depending on the size of the load, site dynamic characteristics, etc; When the input peak values of El-Centro are 0.1 g and 0.2 g, the downward crossing of the pipeline reduces the acceleration of the upper pipeline by 28.0% and 7.9%, respectively relative to a single pipeline. However, when these valuses of El-Centro are 0.4 g and 0.6 g, the peak acceleration of the upper pipeline increases by 4.9% and 39.5% relative to the acceleration of a single pipeline. The underpassing pipeline reduces the peak value and increases the bandwidth of the Fourier spectrum of acceleration when passing through the pipeline. The maximum strain peak of the pipeline occurs at a 45° between the lower part of the pipeline and the horizontal plane, which is 3.6% to 39.0% lower than the peak strain of a single pipeline.

lifeline engineering  /  large diameter water pipeline  /  shaking table test  /  seismic response
陆耀波, 黄晓佳, 欧阳志勇, 李亚东, 崔杰. 上下近距离交叉大直径输水管道振动台试验研究. 世界地震工程, 2025 , 41 (4) : 30 -39 . DOI: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0057
Yaobo LU, Xiaojia HUANG, Zhiyong OUYang, Yadong LI, Jie CUI. Shaking table test on up-down large diameter water pipelines crossing at short distance[J]. World Earthquake Engineering, 2025 , 41 (4) : 30 -39 . DOI: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0057
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0　引言
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供水及供气管网都是生命线工程的重要组成部分，在地震发生时保证其安全运行十分重要。供水供气管道尺寸随着城市规模增大逐渐增大，并形成纵横交错地下管网。根据以往地震灾害经验，当地震发生导致地下管网的破坏会对饮用水、消防水及燃气的供应产生巨大的影响，还会引发城市内涝和火灾等次生灾害，造成生命及财产的巨大损失。目前关于生命线管道地震响应的研究，主要从管道自身（接头、材料、尺寸等）、场地特性和输入荷载对管道地震响应影响等方面进行研究：YANG等[1]开展不均匀场地中管道振动台试验，并分析了不同场地土对管道地震响应影响。RASHIDOV等[2]采用振动台试验手段，分析管道直径、管道材料属性以及激励方式对管-土相互作用的影响。李立云等[3]采用多子台台阵系统研究多点地震动输入、不同场地条件下埋地管道地震响应规律。焦文帅等[4]利用振动台模型试验和有限元数值模拟两种手段，分析了地震波入射角、管道倾角和管道埋深等因素对高落差埋地管道地震响应的影响规律。张志超等[5]采用振动台试验，研究地下管线在承受断层错动时应变的分布规律和管周动土压力变化规律，并考察地下管线与断层的夹角以及管内水体的影响。赵瑞等[6]采用流-固-土多场耦合模型，对比不同管土作用对多跨管道涡激振动特性的影响，分析不同土体模型下的管道动力学规律。韩俊艳等[7]采用连续小波变换的识别方法对管道开展增量动力分析，发现脉冲型地震动作用均会显著增加管道发生严重破坏的概率。钟紫蓝等[8]通过数值模拟和轴向力学性能试验分析接头对管道的抗震性能影响，并研发了一种新型管道抗震接口。顾世祥等[9]通过OpenSees有限元软件建立分析模型，研究土体相对密度、管径、管道埋深对地震作用下管道上浮动力反应影响规律。翁光远等[10]分析输送介质液面高度、管径等影响因素变化对输油管道受地震反应影响规律。代建波等[11]针对水平非均匀场地中埋地油气管道的地震响应进行研究，发现相同工况下非均匀场地条件的管道应变峰值和加速度峰值响应明显增大。侯本伟等[12]分析采用十字型、T型、L型和双T型交叉管件连接的管线地震响应特征，其中交叉管件与各分肢管线分别采用承插式和法兰式两种连接口，并比较了接口类型对各类交叉管件地震响应的影响规律。薛景宏等[13]以埋地X80管道为研究对象，探讨入射角和腐蚀参数等对管道腐蚀区域地震响应的影响规律。梁泽田等[14]创建了管土接触-土弹簧数值模型分析钢管地震响应，发现在相同地震动强度作用及相同埋深条件下，液化区长度越长，埋地钢管的各极限破坏状态下超越概率越大。张宏涛等[15]采用离心振动台试验方法研究埋地管道在不均匀土体场地下的地震响应，管道穿越软土/硬土土体的地震响应规律。黄德龙等[16]通过缩尺振动台试验和有限元分析手段，分析了不同管径、埋深、和弯头角度等因素下管道弯头处变形传递系数的变化规律。
以上研究主要针对管道自身（接头、材料、尺寸等）、场地和输入荷载这些因素，采用的方法主要有理论分析、数值模拟和振动台试验等方法，研究管道地震响应规律。本文为进一步分析大型管道-管道-土体相互作用，得到近距离大型交叉输水管道地震响应规律，进行了1/10缩尺模型振动台试验，工况包括单管道和交叉管道振动试验，输入地震波为Kobe波、唐山波和El-Centro波，对比了两种工况的加速度反应和应变反应，最后总结了上下近距离交叉大直径输水管道地震响应规律。
1　试验设计
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试验加载设备为广州大学工程抗震中心的振动台，该设备由美国MTS公司设计制作，台面尺寸为3 m×3 m。此次振动台试验的模型箱是课题组自行研究设计的叠层剪切箱[17]如图1所示，其侧壁具有降低边界反射效应的效果，能更真实地体现土体剪切变形特性。
1.1　模型和场地的制备
结构的原型是大口径输水管，埋深3 m，管体为不锈钢材质，管外径为3 m，厚度为0.046 m，其密度为7 800 kg/m3，弹性模量为210 GPa。据结构的相似比关系，选用有机玻璃作为模型结构的制作材料，如图1所示，该管道模型外径0.3 m，厚度为0.005 m，模型材料的弹性模量为3.2 GPa，密度1 200 kg/m3，泊松比为0.3，交叉管道距离0.2 m。根据Buckinghan π定理建立模型与原型的相似比关系，结构的相似关系见表1。
由于土体与结构的刚度、密度相差较大，土体与结构的参数均满足同样的相似关系较难实现。对于土的相似比，鉴于场地卓越周期是地面运动的重要特征量，采用场地卓越周期与结构周期相匹配的关系来简化模型土，并最终确定土-管道体系的各物理量之间的关系[13]。因此本试验以结构与土体的卓越周期相似比相同为前提，采用砂和木屑的混合物[18-20]，木屑和砂土如图2所示。此次试验场地原型为Ⅱ类场地，原型场地土模型剪切波速为220.6 m/s，土体的剪切波速相似比为0.316，主要采用木屑和砂（粒径0.075~0.500 mm）配制模型土，木屑和砂的配比为1∶2.5。
1.2　试验工况
此次试验选择了Kobe波、唐山波和El-Centro波作为输入荷载，地震动为水平输入，具体加载工况见表2。
1.3　传感器布置
为获取模型的加速度和变形反应，在交叉管道模型周围土体中布置了加速度传感器和应变传感器，如图3所示，每个管道中间截面设置观测面。观测面共布置6个加速度传感器（3个布置在结构上，3个布置在结构附近土层），如图4所示；6个应变传感器，如图5所示。
2　试验结果分析
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为对比分析管道加速度和管道周围土体的加速度反应，在管道及其周围土体布置了加速度传感器，见1.3节中的图4。下面主要分析管道及其土层的加速度反应和应变反应。
2.1　管道结构间的加速度反应对比分析
表3为管道加速度峰值和放大系数。在输入激励为0.1 g和0.2 g El-Centro波时，单管道（A管）加速度峰值大于上穿管道（B管）加速度峰值，而输入激励为0.4 g和0.4 g El-Centro波时，则呈相反情况。为分析下穿管道对上穿管道的加速度反应的影响大小，对比两者的偏差百分比：上穿管道加速度峰值和单一管道加速度峰值的差值与单一管道加速度峰值的比值，见表3；对比单管加速度（a2-A）和交叉管道A管加速度（a2-B），输入激励为0.1 g和0.2 g El-Centro波时，下穿管道（C管）使上穿管道（B管）加速度（相对于单管道）加速度减小28.0%和7.9%，而输入激励为0.4 g和0.6 g El-Centro波时，上穿管道加速度峰值相对单管道加速度增大了4.9%和39.5%。
同时对比单管道A和上穿管道B的加速度傅里叶谱，见图6和图7。由图6可知，a2-A和a2-B两个测点的傅里叶谱卓越频率一致，为6.80 Hz。单管测点a2-A的傅里叶谱峰值大于交叉管道测点a2-B傅里叶谱峰值，是其1.94倍。测点a2-B的加速度傅里叶谱有两个“波峰”，下穿管道干扰下导致交叉管道加速度傅里叶谱成分发生变化，a2-B的频宽大于a2-A的频宽。
图7是输入激励为0.4 g El-Centro管道傅里叶谱，a2-A和a2-B两个测点的傅里叶谱卓越频率和傅里叶谱峰值不一致，频率分别为6.70 Hz和4.53 Hz，峰值分别为59.11 m/s2和23.22 m/s2，显然下穿管道的存在起到一定滤波作用。
表4为B管和C管加速度峰值和放大系数对比。对比交叉管道B管和C管加速度反应，在输入激励为0.1、0.2、0.4 g的荷载时，上穿管道（B管）加速度峰值大于下穿管道（C管）；同时，随着输入激励峰值增大，两个管道的加速度峰值差值增大，加速度偏差最大幅度达27.1%。而在输入峰值0.6 g的荷载时，上穿管道（B管）加速度峰值小于下穿管道（C管），这说明试验模型（土体和管道）的动力特性发生了变化，从图11~图13可知，B管道应变峰值（平均值）变化（括号里为输入地震荷载峰值）：37（0.1 g）、68（0.2 g）、148（0.4 g）和283（0.6 g）导致加速度反应规律的变化，可见在输入峰值0.1、0.2、0.4 g的荷载时，管道应变峰值是随输入荷载峰值线性增加，在输入峰值为0.6 g地震波时，管道应变峰值呈非线性增加，说明管道产生塑性变形。
图8和图9为交叉管道加速度傅里叶谱，由图可知，上下管道两个测点的傅里叶谱卓越频率一致，均为6.8 Hz。测点a2-B的加速度傅里叶谱存在两个峰值，而测点a8-C只存在一个峰值，场地滤波效应导致上下交叉管道加速度傅里叶谱成分不一致。
2.2　管道结构与周围土体的加速度反应对比分析
表5为管道及其周围土体的加速度峰值及放大系数。单管结构与其周围土体加速度峰值偏差幅度大于交叉管道A管与其周围土体加速度峰值偏差，单管道的周围土体加速度峰值小于交叉管道A管周围土体加速度峰值。随着输入荷载增大，放大系数逐渐减小趋势。可见随着输入荷载增大，管道对周围土体的影响增大，土体的放大效应减小。
图10为输入激励为0.1 g El-Centro波时，A、B管道及其周围土层加速度傅里叶谱对比。由图10（a）~（b）可知，在单管道试验中，A管道傅里叶谱峰值是土层傅里叶谱峰值的2.2倍，两者主频和频宽一致。图10（c）~（d）是试验B上穿管道及其周围土层加速度傅里叶谱，由图可知土层傅里叶谱峰值略大于结构傅里叶谱峰值，是其1.3倍，两者主频基本一致。
2.3　结构应变反应分析
为分析结构的应变反应，在A和B管道中间截面均布置了应变传感器，如图5所示。图11~图14为管道模型A和管道模型B的应变峰值曲线，A-1代表在安装在A管道模型截面的应变峰值曲线。
由图11~图14可知，在不同截面和不同输入荷载下，应变最大值基本发生在管道下部与水平面成45°处（截面135°处），在输入剪切波时，土体受到纯剪应力作用，主应力方向与水平面成45°，而管道的变形受到周围土体变形的控制，因此管道也在此方向应变最大，这与WANG等[21]提出的管道内力解析解的结论相同，应变最小值出现在截面0°或者45°位置。
图15为A管道和B管道应变峰值偏差百分比。为了分析下穿管道对上穿管道的应变反应的影响，定义应变偏差百分比：上穿管道应变峰值和单一管道应变峰值差值与单一管道应变峰值差值的比值。由图15可知，在输入荷载为0.1 g唐山波时上穿管道应变峰值大于单管结构应变峰值，偏差为16.23%；输入其他荷载时，相对于单管结构应变峰值，上穿管道应变峰值减小了3.6%~39.0%；最大应变影响度发生在输入激励为0.4 g El-Centro波时。从图上数据看，输入荷载峰值从0.1 g增至0.2 g时，应变影响度是有增大趋势。从0.2~0.6 g应变影响度变化并未显现出明显规律。
3　结论
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文中通过上下近距离交叉大直径输水管道振动台试验，探讨近距离下穿越管道对上穿管道地震响应影响规律，可得如下结论：
1）下穿管道存在对上部管道加速度响应影响复杂，取决于荷载大小、场地动力特性等；此次试验中，当输入峰值为0.1 g和0.2 g El-Centro波时，下穿管道起到消能作用，上部管道加速度（相对于单管道）响应减小28.0%和7.9%，而输入峰值为0.4 g和0.6 g El-Centro波时，上部管道加速度峰值相对单管道加速度增大了4.9%和39.5%；下穿管道对上穿管道加速度傅里叶谱有一定影响，使上穿管道加速度傅里叶谱的峰值减小和频宽增大。
2）管道最大应变峰值出现在管道下部与水平面成45°处，上穿管道应变峰值相对于单管道减小了3.6%~39.0%。
3）此次试验原型管道材质为不锈钢，缩尺模型材质为有机玻璃。有机玻璃有一定的延性和弹性，而不锈钢作为金属，具有更高的延展性，因此试验中得的塑性变形会偏小。
4）对于下穿管道对上部管道地震响应影响仍需要继续探讨，需要进行下一步试验研究或者数值模拟分析。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(5201001012)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52478332)
  • 广东省教育厅普通高校青年创新人才类项目(2021KQNCX198)
  • 广东省普通高校创新团队项目(2023KCXTD071)
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2025年第41卷第4期
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doi: 10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0057
  • 接收时间：2024-11-06
  • 首发时间：2026-03-27
  • 出版时间：2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-06
  • 修回日期：2025-04-07
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(5201001012)
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52478332)
广东省教育厅普通高校青年创新人才类项目(2021KQNCX198)
广东省普通高校创新团队项目(2023KCXTD071)
作者信息
    1.广州职业技术大学建筑工程学院，广东　广州　511483
    2.嘉应学院土木工程学院，广东　梅州　514015
    3.广州大学土木与交通工程学院，广东　广州　510006
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/sjdzgc/CN/10.19994/j.cnki.WEE.2025.0057
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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