Article(id=1322594733562647254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1322594687962169764, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.12022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766419200000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793260757102, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1791388800000, pubDateStr=2026-10-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793260757102, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793260757102, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793260757102, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322594687962169764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, year='2026', volume='44', issue='10', pageStart='1103', pageEnd='1261', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1791388800000', pubDateStr='2026-10-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793260746231, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793261985251, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322599884910350425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1322594687962169764, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322599884910350426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1322594687962169764, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1118, endPage=1128, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322594733793333975, articleId=1322594733562647254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=EN, title=Recent advances in porous materials based silica stationary phases for liquid chromatography, columnId=1284557502389928401, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Chromatography, columnName=Reviews, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Recent years have seen significant progress in nanoscience and materials chemistry, driving the development of novel porous materials such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and porous organic cages (POCs). MOFs form through coordination bonds between metal ions and organic bridging ligands, COFs result from strong covalent linkages connecting predesigned organic building blocks into extended crystalline networks, and POCs are three-dimensional cage-like organic molecules with well-defined intrinsic cavities. Nowadays, the use of porous materials as stationary phases in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) continues to draw sustained research interest. By precisely designing the building blocks of porous materials, researchers can flexibly modulate separation selectivity in terms of pore size, pore morphology, and interlayer stacking patterns, thus enabling the efficient separation of complex samples, particularly for positional isomers and chiral compounds. Despite their considerable promise for chromatographic applications, the direct use of porous materials as stationary phases is constrained by inherent limitations. A primary challenge lies in synthesizing pure porous materials with both regular morphology and uniform particle size. Irregular particle shapes combined with broad size distributions typically result in high column pressure and low column efficiency, which severely restricts the practical application of porous materials in HPLC. To overcome these limitations, combining porous materials with silica gel (SiO2) supports has become a widely adopted strategy. As the most mature stationary phase support in HPLC, SiO2 offers excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability, and a readily functionalizable surface, thereby providing a robust structural platform for porous materials. By immobilizing porous materials onto the silica surfaces, their mechanical robustness and packing uniformity can be significantly improved while retaining their selective adsorption capability, thus promoting their reliable use in chromatographic applications. Furthermore, in order to further enhance separation efficiency and selectivity, researchers have proposed the co-modification of silica gel with porous materials and other functional components such as ionic liquids, hydrogels, and carbon dots, aiming to construct multifunctional composite stationary phases. The key advantage of this strategy lies in the synergistic integration of multiple separation mechanisms, including hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and chiral recognition, through material hybridization, thereby achieving higher performance and selectivity in separating complex systems. Moreover, this composite approach effectively mitigates the limitations of single-component materials, for example, by improving the aqueous stability of MOFs or extending the applicability of COFs in the analysis of polar compounds, thereby significantly broadening the application scope of stationary phases. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in silica-based composites incorporating advanced porous materials for HPLC in the last five years, and offers a comprehensive overview of prevalent synthetic methodologies used to fabricate these composite stationary phases. Furthermore, the review addresses the major challenges currently facing the field and provides perspectives on future developments.
, authors=Zexin HUANG, Sheng TANG
*, authorsList=Zexin HUANG, Sheng TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Sheng TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322594736381219550, articleId=1322594733562647254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=CN, title=基于硅胶基质多孔材料的液相色谱固定相研究进展, columnId=1284557502532534739, journalTitle=色谱, columnName=专论与综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
金属有机框架、共价有机框架、多孔有机笼等多孔材料凭借其高比表面积、可调控的孔隙结构以及丰富的表面活性位点,在吸附、分离等领域展现出显著优势。近年来,多孔材料作为高效液相色谱固定相的应用日益受到关注,其独特的结构性质与表面化学可修饰性,为提高色谱分离选择性和分离效率提供了关键支持,能有效满足复杂样品精准分离分析的需求。然而,多孔材料通常形貌不规则、粒径分布宽,若直接用作色谱固定相,往往会导致柱压高、柱效低等问题,制约其在液相色谱分离中的实际应用。为克服上述缺陷,将多孔材料与机械强度高、稳定性优良的硅胶载体复合已成为重要策略。硅胶不仅为多孔材料提供稳定的骨架支撑,还可显著改善其在色谱操作条件下的传质行为与填充均匀性。此外,为进一步提升分离效率,还可将多孔材料与离子液体、水凝胶、碳点等其他功能材料协同修饰于硅胶表面,构建出多功能复合固定相。该策略融合多种分离机制,不仅能显著提升选择性与色谱分离性能,而且增强了固定相对复杂体系及极端分离条件的适应性,从而实现极性化合物、手性分子及位置异构体等难分离物质的高选择性识别与高效分析。本文系统综述了近5年多孔材料修饰硅胶复合固定相的制备策略、分离机理及其在高效液相色谱中的应用进展,并对该领域当前面临的挑战及未来发展方向进行了展望。
, authors=黄泽鑫, 汤胜
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1武汉工程大学化学与环境工程学院, 湖北 武汉 430205)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322594741821231864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322594733562647254, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Synthetic pathway to construct MIL-88A/Eutectogel@SiO2[20], figureFileSmall=/X5MVCl3MPgDm2RBJC7v/g==, figureFileBig=XfpzV3C/Yw89EYqmjAWrQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594741905117945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322594733562647254, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
MIL-88A/Eutectogel@SiO2的合成途径[20]DEM: deep eutectic monomer; EDC: 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride; NHS: N-hydroxysuccinimide; RT: room temperature.
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Synthetic approach for fabricating 3D-IL-COF@SiO2[26], figureFileSmall=scjqHbRa6chjFwTHOIlBzQ==, figureFileBig=DBxqGoA72VhH0Z2JJ4YlaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594742127416059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322594733562647254, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
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Thiol-ene click synthesis of NC1-R-based CSPs [38], figureFileSmall=eeMKpF8HoxysaPUW+ui5jw==, figureFileBig=CKZmbpsXVWIH5QhJbNS6Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322594742270022397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322594733562647254, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
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Typical porous materials based silica stationary phases developed in the past five years
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| Stationary phase | Target analytes | Separation modes | Ref. |
|---|
| [Zn2(D-Cam)2(4,4′-bpy)]n @SiO2 | benzene isomers, chiral compounds (alcohols, amines, epoxides, ketones, and esters) | NPLC | [14] |
| MIP-202@SiO2 | positional isomers, chiral enantiomers, sulfonamides, nucleosides/bases, B vitamins | NPLC, HILIC | [15] |
| 2D MOF-FDM-23@silica | sulfonamides, alkaloids, antibiotics, amino acid compounds | HILIC | [16] |
| d-MOF-818/PAM@silica | nucleosides/bases, alkaloids, antibiotics, alkylbenzenes | HILIC, RPLC | [17] |
| HP-UiO-66@SiO2 | aromatic alcohol homologues, xylene isomers | RPLC | [18] |
| [BCMIM]Cl-Zr-MOF@SiO2 | PAHs, phthalates, phenyl ketones, sulfonamides, positional isomers | RPLC, HILIC, NPLC | [19] |
| MIL-88A/Eutectogel@SiO2 | positional/enantiomeric isomers, antibiotics, nucleosides/bases, B vitamins, benzoic acids | HILIC, NPLC | [20] |
| Fe-CD/MOF-808@SiO2 | positional/enantiomeric isomers, PAHs, sulfonamides, nucleosides | RPLC, HILIC, NPLC | [21] |
| COF-TpPa-1@SiO2 | alkylbenzenes, anilines, phenols, nucleoside bases, PAHs | HILIC, RPLC | [22] |
| SiO2@COF | sulfonamides, nucleosides, anilines, positional isomers, alkylbenzenes | HILIC, RPLC | [23] |
| GSH-COFs@SiO2 | nucleosides/bases, benzoic acids, anilines, phenols, alkylbenzenes, PAHs | HILIC, RPLC | [24] |
| ZIV-COF@SiO2 | nucleosides, sulfonamides, PAHs, positional isomers, benzoic acids | HILIC, RPLC, IEC | [25] |
| 3D-IL-COF@SiO2 | nucleosides/bases, sulfonamides, antibiotics, vitamins, phenyl ketones, PAHs, alkylbenzenes, phthalate esters, benzoic acid | HILIC, RPLC, IEC | [26] |
| TFB-DABD-COF@SiO2 | steroid hormones, bisphenols, alkylphenols, phthalate esters, PAHs, nucleosides | HILIC, RPLC | [27] |
| CCOF17 and CCOF18 | amino acids, esters, lactones, amides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones | NPLC | [28] |
| PIL/COFDVA-TAPB@SiO2 | alkylbenzenes, nucleosides/bases, sulfonamides, anilines, phenols | HILIC, RPLC | [29] |
| SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF | alkylbenzenes, PAHs, anilines, organophosphorus pesticides | HILIC, RPLC | [30] |
| AmCDs-CON@SiO2 | PAHs, steroid hormones, phthalate esters, aromatic ketones, nucleosides/bases, B vitamins | HILIC, RPLC | [31] |
| NHG-COF@SiO2 | nucleoside/bases, sulfonamides, B vitamins, PAHs, alkylbenzenes, phenyl ketones, positional isomers, benzoic acids | HILIC, RPLC, IEC | [32] |
| SMIP-COF@SiO2 | B vitamins, sulfonamides, alkylbenzenes, phenyl ketones, PAHs | HILIC, RPLC | [33] |
| RCC3-C10@silica | alkylbenzenes, polyphenyl rings, phenols, anilines, sulfonamides, nucleosides, flavonoids | RPLC | [34] |
| RCC3-CN@SiO2 | alkylbenzenes, phenolic compounds, acid compounds, sulfonamides, nucleosides | RPLC, HILIC | [35] |
| CC19-R-based-CSP | racemates (4-chlorobenzhydrol, cetirizine, 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol, methyl mandelate, ethyl mandelate, 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol, 4,4′-dimethylbenzoin, fipronil) | NPLC | [36] |
| RCC3-R-based-CSP | racemates (1-phenylethylamine, 4,4′-dimethylbenzoin, 3-(benzyloxy)propane-1,2-diol, 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol) | NPLC | [37] |
| NC1-R-based CSPs | alcohols, diols, esters, ethers, ketones, epoxides, organic acids, amines | NPLC | [38] |
), ArticleFig(id=1322594742408434431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322594733562647254, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
近5年开发的典型硅胶基质多孔材料固定相
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Stationary phase | Target analytes | Separation modes | Ref. |
|---|
| [Zn2(D-Cam)2(4,4′-bpy)]n @SiO2 | benzene isomers, chiral compounds (alcohols, amines, epoxides, ketones, and esters) | NPLC | [14] |
| MIP-202@SiO2 | positional isomers, chiral enantiomers, sulfonamides, nucleosides/bases, B vitamins | NPLC, HILIC | [15] |
| 2D MOF-FDM-23@silica | sulfonamides, alkaloids, antibiotics, amino acid compounds | HILIC | [16] |
| d-MOF-818/PAM@silica | nucleosides/bases, alkaloids, antibiotics, alkylbenzenes | HILIC, RPLC | [17] |
| HP-UiO-66@SiO2 | aromatic alcohol homologues, xylene isomers | RPLC | [18] |
| [BCMIM]Cl-Zr-MOF@SiO2 | PAHs, phthalates, phenyl ketones, sulfonamides, positional isomers | RPLC, HILIC, NPLC | [19] |
| MIL-88A/Eutectogel@SiO2 | positional/enantiomeric isomers, antibiotics, nucleosides/bases, B vitamins, benzoic acids | HILIC, NPLC | [20] |
| Fe-CD/MOF-808@SiO2 | positional/enantiomeric isomers, PAHs, sulfonamides, nucleosides | RPLC, HILIC, NPLC | [21] |
| COF-TpPa-1@SiO2 | alkylbenzenes, anilines, phenols, nucleoside bases, PAHs | HILIC, RPLC | [22] |
| SiO2@COF | sulfonamides, nucleosides, anilines, positional isomers, alkylbenzenes | HILIC, RPLC | [23] |
| GSH-COFs@SiO2 | nucleosides/bases, benzoic acids, anilines, phenols, alkylbenzenes, PAHs | HILIC, RPLC | [24] |
| ZIV-COF@SiO2 | nucleosides, sulfonamides, PAHs, positional isomers, benzoic acids | HILIC, RPLC, IEC | [25] |
| 3D-IL-COF@SiO2 | nucleosides/bases, sulfonamides, antibiotics, vitamins, phenyl ketones, PAHs, alkylbenzenes, phthalate esters, benzoic acid | HILIC, RPLC, IEC | [26] |
| TFB-DABD-COF@SiO2 | steroid hormones, bisphenols, alkylphenols, phthalate esters, PAHs, nucleosides | HILIC, RPLC | [27] |
| CCOF17 and CCOF18 | amino acids, esters, lactones, amides, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones | NPLC | [28] |
| PIL/COFDVA-TAPB@SiO2 | alkylbenzenes, nucleosides/bases, sulfonamides, anilines, phenols | HILIC, RPLC | [29] |
| SiO2@NH2-UiO-66@CTF | alkylbenzenes, PAHs, anilines, organophosphorus pesticides | HILIC, RPLC | [30] |
| AmCDs-CON@SiO2 | PAHs, steroid hormones, phthalate esters, aromatic ketones, nucleosides/bases, B vitamins | HILIC, RPLC | [31] |
| NHG-COF@SiO2 | nucleoside/bases, sulfonamides, B vitamins, PAHs, alkylbenzenes, phenyl ketones, positional isomers, benzoic acids | HILIC, RPLC, IEC | [32] |
| SMIP-COF@SiO2 | B vitamins, sulfonamides, alkylbenzenes, phenyl ketones, PAHs | HILIC, RPLC | [33] |
| RCC3-C10@silica | alkylbenzenes, polyphenyl rings, phenols, anilines, sulfonamides, nucleosides, flavonoids | RPLC | [34] |
| RCC3-CN@SiO2 | alkylbenzenes, phenolic compounds, acid compounds, sulfonamides, nucleosides | RPLC, HILIC | [35] |
| CC19-R-based-CSP | racemates (4-chlorobenzhydrol, cetirizine, 1,2-diphenyl-1,2-ethanediol, methyl mandelate, ethyl mandelate, 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol, 4,4′-dimethylbenzoin, fipronil) | NPLC | [36] |
| RCC3-R-based-CSP | racemates (1-phenylethylamine, 4,4′-dimethylbenzoin, 3-(benzyloxy)propane-1,2-diol, 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol) | NPLC | [37] |
| NC1-R-based CSPs | alcohols, diols, esters, ethers, ketones, epoxides, organic acids, amines | NPLC | [38] |
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