Article(id=1321834121094091264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1321833969532912277, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.04013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1775923200000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793079412958, onlineDateStr=2026-10-27, pubDate=1786118400000, pubDateStr=2026-08-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793079412958, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793079412958, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793079412958, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1321833969532912277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, year='2026', volume='44', issue='8', pageStart='845', pageEnd='985', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786118400000', pubDateStr='2026-08-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1793079376824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793079794827, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1321835722823287669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1321833969532912277, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1321835722827481974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1321833969532912277, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=946, endPage=959, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1321834121429635585, articleId=1321834121094091264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=EN, title=Deep eutectic solvents modified reversed-phase liquid chromatography for the separation of natural products, columnId=1321833581522042906, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Chromatography, columnName=Article, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
The composition of natural products is usually very complex. During the separation of natural products, high loading capacity and satisfactory chromatographic resolution are often hardly achieved. To address this limitation, various modifiers were added in the mobile phase to alter the chromatographic behavior. Here, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were chosen to accomplish this objective on C18 column. Changes in retention factor, overloaded peak shape and adsorption capacity were systematically investigated and interpreted. The application potential of DESs in the separation of natural products was then evaluated. For ionizable compounds, the addition of DESs could compress the peak width and enhance the resolution. This is closely related to the electrostatic interactions provided by hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) of DESs. For ionizable basic compounds like nortriptyline hydrochloride, they could remain in a cationic state constantly. Consequently, ion-exchange interactions occurred between nortriptyline cation and residual silanol anion, which resulted in severe peak tailing. However, this interaction could be shielded by the addition of HBA of DESs (such as choline chloride (ChCl)). As the pH of the mobile phase increased, the dissociation of silanol groups was enhanced. This rendered the shielding effect more prominent and led to a higher peak compression of nortriptyline hydrochloride. Notably, although the mobile phase was acidic, the dissociation of silanol groups cannot be completely suppressed. It means that this modulating effect of HBA never disappears. Based on these principles, the semi-preparative separation of berberine from Coptis chinensis extracts was successfully improved. The improvement in the separation of acidic compounds by DESs depends on the ion-pair formation. This effect is highly correlated with the mobile phase pH and salt concentration. Here, benzoic acid was chosen as a model to investigate the overload behavior and adsorption. The results indicated that under neutral conditions, ChCl addition converted the sigmoidal adsorption to a linear type. It can be attributed to the ion-pair formation between benzoate anions and HBA cations. Mutual repulsion between benzoate anions was therefore reduced and adsorption capacity correspondingly enhanced. Furthermore, the results of the overload experiment indicated that ChCl can effectively weaken the solute-solute interactions. It is worth noting that the mobile phase pH is barely influenced after the addition of ChCl. Remarkably, these features are of critical importance for the optimization of preparative chromatographic methods. The beneficial effect of HBAs was validated in the semi-preparative separation of chlorogenic acid from Lonicera japonica extracts. For neutral compounds like morroniside, the HBA in DESs cannot affect their chromatographic behavior through electrostatic interactions. However, there are usually many ionizable impurities surrounding the neutral compounds in natural products. Their chromatographic behavior can be modulated by the HBAs in DESs. The separation of neutral compounds in natural products could be indirectly optimized by modulating their chromatographic behavior. This view was also confirmed by the separation of morroniside from Cornus officinalis extracts.
, authors=Hui ZHANG, Huimin WU, Qun HE, Tianxue QIN, Suying GUO, Wenjing LI, Rong JIANG, Guangying SUN
*, authorsList=Hui ZHANG, Huimin WU, Qun HE, Tianxue QIN, Suying GUO, Wenjing LI, Rong JIANG, Guangying SUN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Guangying SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1321834124676026900, articleId=1321834121094091264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=CN, title=低共熔溶剂改性反相液相色谱法用于天然产物分离, columnId=1284557502792568846, journalTitle=色谱, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
复杂天然产物在液相色谱分离过程中,高载样量与良好分离效果通常难以兼顾。为了解决该技术瓶颈,本工作以低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents, DESs)为流动相添加剂,系统探究其对不同类型化合物在C18柱上色谱行为规律的影响,包括保留值、过载峰形及吸附容量,并分别验证其在黄连、金银花及山茱萸提取物中分离小檗碱、绿原酸、莫诺苷的应用潜力。结果表明,对于可离子化化合物,在流动相中添加DESs能起到压缩色谱峰宽和提高分辨率的效果。其中,对碱性化合物而言,这种提升主要来自DESs中的氢键受体如氯化胆碱对固定相残留硅羟基的屏蔽。而酸性化合物分离的改善则取决于离子对的形成,这与流动相的pH及缓冲盐浓度高度相关。过载和吸附行为实验结果还表明,DESs能有效减弱酸性化合物在固定相吸附过程中溶质-溶质相互作用。对天然产物中的中性化合物而言,在流动相中添加DESs可通过调控离子型共洗脱杂质的色谱行为,间接实现分离优化。本研究为DESs作为流动相添加剂在天然产物制备分离优化中的应用提供了理论依据与技术参考。
, authors=章慧, 吴慧敏, 何群, 秦天雪, 郭素英, 李雯静, 江蓉, 孙光映
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1Huangshan University, Huangshan 245021, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1321834134826242623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, authorId=1321834131135255100, language=CN, stringName=孙光映, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1Huangshan University, Huangshan 245021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321834125045125655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, companyId=1321834125024154133, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1黄山学院, 安徽 黄山 245021)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1321834134973043264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=deep eutectic solvent (DES)), Keyword(id=1321834135073706561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=preparative reversed-phase liquid chromatography), Keyword(id=1321834135153398338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=ion-pair chromatography), Keyword(id=1321834135375696451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=natural products), Keyword(id=1321834135472165444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=低共熔溶剂), Keyword(id=1321834135736406597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=反相制备液相色谱), Keyword(id=1321834137326047815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=离子对色谱), Keyword(id=1321834137405739592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=天然产物)], refs=[Reference(id=1321834141772010083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=43, issue=12, pageStart=1314, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=Wu J L, Yu L Q, Wang B J, journalName=Chinese Journal of Chromatography, refType=null, unstructuredReference=
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1Huangshan University, Huangshan 245021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1321834125045125655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, companyId=1321834125024154133, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1黄山学院, 安徽 黄山 245021)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1321834137577706057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Effect of the addition of ChCl in the mobile phase on the retention factor of nortriptyline hydrochloride on a C18 column at different pH, figureFileSmall=G7ddPy0ScRMIQaSPME+lYw==, figureFileBig=eEug81OvDlrDDR002CGgWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834137674175050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
不同pH下在流动相中添加ChCl对盐酸去甲替林在C18色谱柱上保留因子的影响Loading amount: 0.5 μg; mobile phase: for dark solid line, ACN-PB (40∶60); for red dashed line, ACN-PB with ChCl (cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60).
, figureFileSmall=G7ddPy0ScRMIQaSPME+lYw==, figureFileBig=eEug81OvDlrDDR002CGgWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834137909056075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Effects of concentrations of (a) ChCl and (b) KCl on the overloading behavior of nortriptyline HCl on the analytical column, figureFileSmall=GlhdmapckfN9Z7rYtkF8dw==, figureFileBig=IuZVKHp6bftf2Ij0nKnBiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834137984553548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
(a)氯化胆碱和(b)氯化钾添加浓度对盐酸去甲替林在分析柱上过载行为的影响Loading amount: 0.1 mg; mobile phase: ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5) (40∶60).
, figureFileSmall=GlhdmapckfN9Z7rYtkF8dw==, figureFileBig=IuZVKHp6bftf2Ij0nKnBiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138081022541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
(a-c) Chromatograms of berberine HCl on the analytical column without and with the addition of ChCl in the mobile phase; Coptis chinensis extracts on the semi-preparative column (d) before and (e) after ChCl was added to the mobile phase, figureFileSmall=1dhx3eaSMCHstLUs0Beb1Q==, figureFileBig=ZrwIPISHTwzOcpvhpY1E8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138169102926, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
(a~c)流动相中添加ChCl时盐酸小檗碱在分析柱上的色谱图;黄连提取物在流动相中ChCl添加(d)前和(e)后在半制备柱上的色谱图Mobile phases: a. ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5) (35∶65); b. ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (35∶65); c. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (35∶65); d. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (35∶65); e. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (35∶65).
, figureFileSmall=1dhx3eaSMCHstLUs0Beb1Q==, figureFileBig=ZrwIPISHTwzOcpvhpY1E8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138278154831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Effect of ChCl addition in the mobile phase on the overloading behavior of benzoic acid on the analytical column under different pH, figureFileSmall=s7XxHZedyPjgPkkgtxCxyw==, figureFileBig=dNgNM9GI5G6i1xsu5hYJ5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138357846608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
不同pH条件下在流动相中添加ChCl对苯甲酸在分析柱上过载行为的影响Mobile phases: a. ACN-40.0 mmol/L H3PO4 (34∶66); b. ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (29∶71); c. ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (11.5∶88.5); d. ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (5∶95).
, figureFileSmall=s7XxHZedyPjgPkkgtxCxyw==, figureFileBig=dNgNM9GI5G6i1xsu5hYJ5g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138458509905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Effect of additives in the mobile phase on the overloading behavior of benzoic acid on the analytical column, figureFileSmall=dUtGv20+V6e8bpV0JkSeeA==, figureFileBig=7dNzXMnXg6oOwQG3ikAhPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138538201682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
流动相添加剂对苯甲酸在分析柱上的过载行为影响Mobile phases: a. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95); b. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95); c. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cKCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95); d. adsorption isotherms of benzoic acid under the corresponding conditions of Figs. 5a, 5b and 5c.
, figureFileSmall=dUtGv20+V6e8bpV0JkSeeA==, figureFileBig=7dNzXMnXg6oOwQG3ikAhPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138613699155, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Adsorption isotherms of benzoic acid on the analytical column under different chromatographic conditions with choline chloride, figureFileSmall=VwC+Xuno0gPxa+5ebQAeJQ==, figureFileBig=DCQhF+YmlNMMsVbZy8L56A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138701779540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
不同色谱条件下氯化胆碱对苯甲酸在分析柱上吸附行为的影响Mobile phases: a. ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl or cKCl were marked in the Fig. 6a) (5∶95); b. ACN-27.5 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl was marked in the Fig. 6b).
, figureFileSmall=VwC+Xuno0gPxa+5ebQAeJQ==, figureFileBig=DCQhF+YmlNMMsVbZy8L56A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138785665621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Overload profiles of potassium benzoate on the analytical column under different mobile phase conditions, figureFileSmall=ivPqF5XeaBzYsd9kIoZ5lg==, figureFileBig=jZtdE3hrIqn6WsfrpBX3sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138877940310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
不同流动相条件下苯甲酸钾在分析柱上的过载效果图Mobile phases: a. ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0) (5∶95); b. ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0, cKCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95); c. ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95).
, figureFileSmall=ivPqF5XeaBzYsd9kIoZ5lg==, figureFileBig=jZtdE3hrIqn6WsfrpBX3sg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834138949243479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Overloading behavior of potassium chlorogenate on the (a) unmodified and (b) ChCl-modified analytical columns; the purification of Lonicera japonica extracts on the (c) unmodified and (d) ChCl-modified semi-preparative columns, figureFileSmall=2ON6zFFxxmi67QdyiDridA==, figureFileBig=WoozCWiXtV5pg1biy5LSCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834139062489688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
绿原酸钾在(a)未经改性和(b)经ChCl改性分析柱上的过载行为;(c)未经ChCl改性(d)经改性的半制备柱纯化金银花提取物Mobile phases: a, c. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95); b, d. ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L)(5∶95).
, figureFileSmall=2ON6zFFxxmi67QdyiDridA==, figureFileBig=WoozCWiXtV5pg1biy5LSCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834139129598553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Overloading behavior of morroniside on the (a) unmodified and (b) ChCl-modified analytical columns; the purification of Cornus officinalis extracts on the (c) unmodified and (d) ChCl-modified semi-preparative columns, figureFileSmall=RJ7VVRvLelsqn6dr8aJO5w==, figureFileBig=XTrymnvf/WtdtVBtqKPgrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834139200901722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
莫诺苷在(a)未经、(b)经ChCl改性的分析柱上的过载行为;山茱萸提取物在(c)未经、(d)经ChCl改性的半制备柱上的纯化Mobile phases: a, c: methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75); b, d: methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (25∶75).
, figureFileSmall=RJ7VVRvLelsqn6dr8aJO5w==, figureFileBig=XTrymnvf/WtdtVBtqKPgrQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1321834139284787803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Compositions of five deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| DES | Hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) | Hydrogen bond donor (HBD) | Molar ratio of HBA to HBD | Preparation amounts/g |
|---|
| DES-A | choline chloride (ChCl) | urea | 1∶2 | 11.17+9.60 |
| DES-B | tetramethylammonium chloride | ethylene glycol | 1∶3 | 8.77+14.90 |
| DES-C | ChCl | citric acid | 1∶1 | 11.17+15.37 |
| DES-D | ChCl | glycerol | 1∶2 | 11.17+14.73 |
| DES-E | tetraethylammonium chloride | ethylene glycol | 1∶3 | 13.26+14.90 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321834139385451100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
5种DESs的组成
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| DES | Hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) | Hydrogen bond donor (HBD) | Molar ratio of HBA to HBD | Preparation amounts/g |
|---|
| DES-A | choline chloride (ChCl) | urea | 1∶2 | 11.17+9.60 |
| DES-B | tetramethylammonium chloride | ethylene glycol | 1∶3 | 8.77+14.90 |
| DES-C | ChCl | citric acid | 1∶1 | 11.17+15.37 |
| DES-D | ChCl | glycerol | 1∶2 | 11.17+14.73 |
| DES-E | tetraethylammonium chloride | ethylene glycol | 1∶3 | 13.26+14.90 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321834139456754269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Separation conditions for each compound on the analytical C18 column
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Compound | Contents/(mg/mL) | Injection volumes/μL | Solvent for working solution | Mobile phase composition | Detection wavelength/nm |
|---|
| Determination of the effect of DESs on the retention factors of nortriptyline HCl and benzoic acid on the analytical column |
| 1 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L phosphate buffer (PB, pH 2.5, CDES-A=20.78 mg/mL) (40∶60. All such ratios are volume ratios, and the same applies hereafter.) | 230 |
| 2 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-B=23.66 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 3 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-C=26.54 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 4 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-D=25.90 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 5 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-E=28.15 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 6 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CChCl=11.17 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 7 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-A=20.78 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 8 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-B=23.66 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 9 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-C=26.54 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 10 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-D=25.90 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 11 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-E=28.15 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 12 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CChCl=11.17 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the retention factor of nortriptyline HCl at different pH |
| 13 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-25.4 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 14 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-25.4 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 15 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 16 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 17 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 18 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 19 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 20 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl or KCl concentration on the overloading behavior of nortriptyline HCl on analytical column |
| 21 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cChCl=0-80 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 290 |
| 22 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cKCl=0-80 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of DES-A, DES-C, and DES-D on the overloading behavior of nortriptyline HCl on analytical column |
| 23 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-A=20.78 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 290 |
| 24 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-C=26.54 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 290 |
| 25 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-D=25.90 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the chromatographic behavior of berberine HCl on analytical column |
| 26 | berberine HCl | 1 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 27 | berberine HCl | 1 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 28 | berberine HCl | 1 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (35∶65) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl addition on the overloading behavior of benzoic acid on analytical column under different pH |
| 29 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-40.0 mmol/L H3PO4 (pH 2.0) (34∶66) | 275 |
| 30 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-40.0 mmol/L H3PO4 (pH 2.0, cChCl=60 mmol/L ) (34∶66) | 275 |
| 31 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2) (29∶71) | 275 |
| 32 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (29∶71) | 275 |
| 33 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5) (11.5∶88.5) | 275 |
| 34 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (11.5∶88.5) | 275 |
| 35 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 275 |
| 36 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 275 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl or KCl on the overloading behavior of benzoic acid on analytical column |
| 37 | benzoic acid | 0.042, 0.25, 1, 10 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN- 9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 290 |
| 38 | benzoic acid | 0.042, 0.25, 1, 10 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN- 9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 290 |
| 39 | benzoic acid | 0.042, 0.25, 1, 10 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN- 9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cKCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl or KCl on the overloading behavior of potassium benzoate on analytical column |
| 40 | potassium benzoate | 13.118,6.559,3.936,2.624,1.312,0.656,0.328,0.164,0.054 | 50 | H2O | ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0) (5∶95) | 270 |
| 41 | potassium benzoate | 13.118,6.559,3.936,2.624,1.312,0.656,0.328,0.164,0.054 | 50 | H2O | ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0, cKCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 270 |
| 42 | potassium benzoate | 13.118,6.559,3.936,2.624,1.312,0.656,0.328,0.164,0.054 | 50 | H2O | ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 270 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the overloading behavior of potassium chlorogenate on analytical column |
| 43 | potassium chlorogenate | 1.11 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 370 |
| 44 | potassium chlorogenate | 1.11 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 370 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the overloading behavior of morroniside on analytical column |
| 45 | morroniside | 10 | 40, 80, 100 | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | 270 |
| 46 | morroniside | 10 | 40, 80, 100 | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (25∶75) | 270 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321834139565806174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
各化合物在分析型C18柱上的分离条件
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Compound | Contents/(mg/mL) | Injection volumes/μL | Solvent for working solution | Mobile phase composition | Detection wavelength/nm |
|---|
| Determination of the effect of DESs on the retention factors of nortriptyline HCl and benzoic acid on the analytical column |
| 1 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L phosphate buffer (PB, pH 2.5, CDES-A=20.78 mg/mL) (40∶60. All such ratios are volume ratios, and the same applies hereafter.) | 230 |
| 2 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-B=23.66 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 3 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-C=26.54 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 4 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-D=25.90 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 5 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-E=28.15 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 6 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CChCl=11.17 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 7 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-A=20.78 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 8 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-B=23.66 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 9 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-C=26.54 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 10 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-D=25.90 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 11 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CDES-E=28.15 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| 12 | benzoic acid | 0.042 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, CChCl=11.17 mg/mL) (5∶95) | 230 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the retention factor of nortriptyline HCl at different pH |
| 13 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-25.4 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 14 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-25.4 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 15 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 16 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 17 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 18 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 19 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (40∶60) | 230 |
| 20 | nortriptyline HCl | 0.1 | 5 | H2O | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 230 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl or KCl concentration on the overloading behavior of nortriptyline HCl on analytical column |
| 21 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cChCl=0-80 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 290 |
| 22 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cKCl=0-80 mmol/L) (40∶60) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of DES-A, DES-C, and DES-D on the overloading behavior of nortriptyline HCl on analytical column |
| 23 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-A=20.78 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 290 |
| 24 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-C=26.54 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 290 |
| 25 | nortriptyline HCl | 1 | 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, CDES-D=25.90 mg/mL) (40∶60) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the chromatographic behavior of berberine HCl on analytical column |
| 26 | berberine HCl | 1 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 27 | berberine HCl | 1 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-13.8 mmol/L PB (pH 2.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 28 | berberine HCl | 1 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (35∶65) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl addition on the overloading behavior of benzoic acid on analytical column under different pH |
| 29 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-40.0 mmol/L H3PO4 (pH 2.0) (34∶66) | 275 |
| 30 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-40.0 mmol/L H3PO4 (pH 2.0, cChCl=60 mmol/L ) (34∶66) | 275 |
| 31 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2) (29∶71) | 275 |
| 32 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.3 mmol/L PB (pH 4.2, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (29∶71) | 275 |
| 33 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5) (11.5∶88.5) | 275 |
| 34 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-20.0 mmol/L PB (pH 5.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (11.5∶88.5) | 275 |
| 35 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 275 |
| 36 | benzoic acid | 5 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-18.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=60 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 275 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl or KCl on the overloading behavior of benzoic acid on analytical column |
| 37 | benzoic acid | 0.042, 0.25, 1, 10 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN- 9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 290 |
| 38 | benzoic acid | 0.042, 0.25, 1, 10 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN- 9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 290 |
| 39 | benzoic acid | 0.042, 0.25, 1, 10 | 50 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN- 9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cKCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 290 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl or KCl on the overloading behavior of potassium benzoate on analytical column |
| 40 | potassium benzoate | 13.118,6.559,3.936,2.624,1.312,0.656,0.328,0.164,0.054 | 50 | H2O | ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0) (5∶95) | 270 |
| 41 | potassium benzoate | 13.118,6.559,3.936,2.624,1.312,0.656,0.328,0.164,0.054 | 50 | H2O | ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0, cKCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 270 |
| 42 | potassium benzoate | 13.118,6.559,3.936,2.624,1.312,0.656,0.328,0.164,0.054 | 50 | H2O | ACN-8.1 mmol/L PB (pH 7.0, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 270 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the overloading behavior of potassium chlorogenate on analytical column |
| 43 | potassium chlorogenate | 1.11 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 370 |
| 44 | potassium chlorogenate | 1.11 | 5, 20, 40, 60, 100 | H2O | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 370 |
| Investigation of the effect of ChCl on the overloading behavior of morroniside on analytical column |
| 45 | morroniside | 10 | 40, 80, 100 | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | 270 |
| 46 | morroniside | 10 | 40, 80, 100 | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (25∶75) | 270 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321834139674858079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Separation conditions for various plant extracts on a semi-preparative C18 column
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Sample | Content/(mg/mL) | Injection volume/μL | Solvent for working solution | Mobile phase composition | Detection wavelengths/nm |
|---|
| 1 | Coptis chinensisextracts | 100 | 100 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 2 | Coptis chinensisextracts | 100 | 100 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 3 | Lonicera Japonica extracts | 100 | 50 | aqueous KOH solution | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 350 |
| 4 | Lonicera Japonica extracts | 100 | 50 | aqueous KOH solution | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 350 |
| 5 | Cornus officinalis extracts | 100 | 100 | mobile phase | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | 254/270 |
| 6 | Cornus officinalis extracts | 100 | 100 | mobile phase | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (25∶75) | 254/270 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321834139762938464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
各植物提取物在半制备型C18柱上的分离条件
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Sample | Content/(mg/mL) | Injection volume/μL | Solvent for working solution | Mobile phase composition | Detection wavelengths/nm |
|---|
| 1 | Coptis chinensisextracts | 100 | 100 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 2 | Coptis chinensisextracts | 100 | 100 | methanol-H2O (50∶50) | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (35∶65) | 290 |
| 3 | Lonicera Japonica extracts | 100 | 50 | aqueous KOH solution | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (5∶95) | 350 |
| 4 | Lonicera Japonica extracts | 100 | 50 | aqueous KOH solution | ACN-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (5∶95) | 350 |
| 5 | Cornus officinalis extracts | 100 | 100 | mobile phase | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) (25∶75) | 254/270 |
| 6 | Cornus officinalis extracts | 100 | 100 | mobile phase | methanol-9.2 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5, cChCl=80 mmol/L) (25∶75) | 254/270 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321834139892961889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=
Effects of DESs as additives on retention factors (C18 column) of nortriptyline HCl and benzoic acid
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| DES | k |
|---|
| Nortriptyline HCl* | Benzoic acid** |
|---|
| DES-A | 3.18 | 3.14 |
| DES-B | 2.96 | 3.03 |
| DES-C | 3.17 | >6.00 |
| DES-D | 3.01 | 3.17 |
| DES-E | 2.33 | 6.05 |
| ChCl | 3.12 | 3.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1321834139989430882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1321834121094091264, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
DESs作为添加剂对盐酸去甲替林和苯甲酸保留因子的影响(C18柱)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| DES | k |
|---|
| Nortriptyline HCl* | Benzoic acid** |
|---|
| DES-A | 3.18 | 3.14 |
| DES-B | 2.96 | 3.03 |
| DES-C | 3.17 | >6.00 |
| DES-D | 3.01 | 3.17 |
| DES-E | 2.33 | 6.05 |
| ChCl | 3.12 | 3.23 |
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