Article(id=1284557522505810545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1284557500066283983, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/SP.J.1123.2026.01003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1767542400000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1784191979289, onlineDateStr=2026-07-16, pubDate=1780848000000, pubDateStr=2026-06-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1784191979289, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-07-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1784191979289, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1784191979289, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1284557500066283983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, year='2026', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='615', pageEnd='728', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1780848000000', pubDateStr='2026-06-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1784191973939, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1784198004554, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1284582794382783003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1284557500066283983, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1284582794382783004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1284557500066283983, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=629, endPage=638, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1284557524208697970, articleId=1284557522505810545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=EN, title=Using activity-based protein profiling method to explore the antitumor targets of spiramycin derivatives, columnId=1284557502633185292, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Chromatography, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Carrimycin is a macrolide antibiotic widely used in the pharmaceutical and clinical fields, with its primary composition consisting of three distinct derivatives of spiramycin. For decades, macrolides like carrimycin have been valued for their efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria and certain atypical pathogens. However, as research has progressed, recent studies have revealed that carrimycin, along with various other structurally modified spiramycin derivatives, exhibits significant antitumor activity in multiple experimental models. This finding suggests that the spiramycin molecular scaffold possesses intrinsic potential beyond its conventional antibacterial role. By strategically modifying the substituents attached to this core structure, it may be feasible to develop novel compounds with enhanced and more selective antitumor properties. Despite this promising outlook, research into the specific targets and comprehensive mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of spiramycin derivatives remains notably insufficient. A major gap exists in the precise identification of their molecular targets within cancer cells and the detailed signaling pathways they modulate. This lack of mechanistic understanding poses a substantial barrier to the rational design, optimization, and clinical translation of spiramycin-based antitumor therapeutics. To systematically address this knowledge gap and elucidate the antitumor mechanism of this compound class, the present study adopted an activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) strategy. ABPP is a chemoproteomic approach that enables the direct identification of functionally active proteins that interact with small-molecule probes in a native biological context. As a first step, we designed and synthesized a novel, high-activity spiramycin derivative termed n-hexanoyl spiramycin (h-SPM). Building upon the structure of h-SPM, we subsequently engineered and synthesized a structurally analogous activity-based probe. This probe was specifically functionalized with chemical handles (such as an alkyne group) compatible with ABPP methodologies, allowing for downstream bioorthogonal conjugation and enrichment steps. The experimental workflow began by incubating this active probe with live cancer cells. During this co-incubation period, the probe engaged with and covalently bound to its potential protein targets within the complex cellular environment. Following the interaction, cells were lysed, and the probe-labeled proteins were efficiently isolated and purified using affinity-based enrichment techniques—specifically via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (click chemistry) to immobilize them onto a solid support. The enriched protein pool was then subjected to in-depth analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). This analytical phase yielded detailed, proteome-wide information on the identities of proteins that interact with the h-SPM-based probe. To extract biological insights from the list of identified proteins, we performed comprehensive bioinformatic analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment. This systematic classification provided crucial information regarding the biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components associated with the captured proteins. The functional annotations derived from GO analysis allowed us to evaluate and prioritize several promising candidate target proteins for further experimental validation. Through this integrated proteomic and bioinformatic approach, we successfully identified multiple potential cellular targets of h-SPM. Notable among these were amyloid precursor protein (APP) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), both of which are implicated in diverse cellular processes such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, and metabolic regulation. To confirm the biological relevance of these interactions, we employed Western Blotting experiments. These studies verified that the expression or post-translational modification states of APP and LDLR were altered in response to h-SPM treatment, thereby confirming their status as responsive molecular targets. After identifying and preliminarily validating APP as a key interactor, we proceeded to investigate its functional role in the drug’s mechanism of action. Using short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated protein knockdown, we generated cancer cell lines with significantly reduced APP expression. Comparative analysis of drug sensitivity between these knockdown cells and their wild-type counterparts revealed a marked attenuation of h-SPM’s antitumor effects in the absence of APP. Complementary to this, cell staining assays, including immunofluorescence, were conducted to visualize morphological changes, alterations in cell viability, and the subcellular localization of relevant biomarkers following h-SPM treatment. Collectively, these functional experiments provided compelling evidence that APP plays a critical and indispensable role in mediating the antitumor activity of h-SPM. Our findings thus outline a preliminary model of the drug’s mechanism, likely involving cellular pathways regulated or influenced by APP. In summary, this study achieves two significant objectives. First, it establishes and validates a robust, generalizable target-screening platform based on ABPP, specifically tailored for the investigation of spiramycin-class compounds. Second, and more importantly, it delivers novel biological insights by pinpointing specific protein targets such as APP. The identification of these targets provides invaluable mechanistic clues and a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of this family of compounds. This work effectively advances spiramycin derivatives from compounds with observed phenotypic activity toward agents with an emerging mechanistic understanding, thereby paving the way for more targeted drug design and informed combination therapy strategies in oncology. Future studies will focus on delineating the detailed downstream consequences of APP engagement by h-SPM and exploring the therapeutic potential of other identified targets in preclinical models.
, authors=Renyu YANG
1, 2, Tingze FENG
1, 2, Shaojun PEI
1, 2, Huan QI
1, *, Hailong PIAO
1, 2, *, authorsList=Renyu YANG, Tingze FENG, Shaojun PEI, Huan QI, Hailong PIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Huan QI, Hailong PIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1284557525466989183, articleId=1284557522505810545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=CN, title=通过基于活性的蛋白质组分析揭示螺旋霉素衍生物抗肿瘤作用靶点, columnId=1284557502792568846, journalTitle=色谱, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
可利霉素是一种在医药领域广泛使用的大环内酯类抗生素,主要成分为3种不同的螺旋霉素衍生物。然而随着相关研究的深入,近期发现可利霉素以及多种不同结构的螺旋霉素衍生物都具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,说明利用螺旋霉素作为母核,进行不同的取代基修饰,可能会得到更好的抗肿瘤活性药物。虽然螺旋霉素有着成为抗肿瘤药物的潜力,但是关于其作用靶点及完整机制的研究依然欠缺。为了揭示其抗肿瘤作用机制,本研究采用了基于活性的蛋白质组分析(ABPP)策略,设计并合成了一种高活性螺旋霉素衍生物正己酰螺旋霉素(h-SPM),进而依据其结构合成了一种结构相似且带有适用于ABPP实验官能团的活性分子探针。利用该探针与细胞蛋白质共孵育,使两者结合,从而捕获h-SPM潜在的药物靶点,随后对探针结合的蛋白质进行分离纯化与质谱分析,获得详细的靶点蛋白质信息。进一步通过基因本体(GO)分析挖掘这些蛋白质的性质和功能,得到明确的功能信息,并据此筛选出若干潜在靶点蛋白质。通过上述方法,从蛋白质谱的结果中鉴定出包括淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)、低密度脂蛋白受体(LDLR)在内的多个h-SPM潜在作用靶点,并采用免疫印迹(Western Blotting)方法确定这些蛋白质对h-SPM产生了响应。随后,通过短发夹RNA(shRNA)介导的蛋白质敲低及细胞染色等实验,证明蛋白质APP在该药物发挥作用的过程中扮演了关键角色,初步揭示了该类药物的抗肿瘤作用机制。本研究不仅建立了适用于螺旋霉素类化合物的靶点筛选方法,也为该类药物的后续开发提供了关键靶点线索与理论依据。
, authors=杨人钰
1, 2, 冯婷泽
1, 2, 裴劭君
1, 2, 齐欢
1, *, 朴海龙
1, 2, *, authorsList=杨人钰, 冯婷泽, 裴劭君, 齐欢, 朴海龙, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=齐欢, 朴海龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2026 Editorial office of Chinese Journal of Chromatography
本文是开放获取文章,遵循CC BY 4.0协议
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1, 2, address=1.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁 大连 116023
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1, 2, address=1. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China
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1, 2, address=1.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁 大连 116023
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1, *, address=1.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁 大连 116023, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1284557525706064512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284557525714453121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, companyId=1284557525706064512, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1284557525731230338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, companyId=1284557525706064512, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,辽宁 大连 116023)])]), Author(id=1284557526813360798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=hpiao@dicp.ac.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=1, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1284557526909829793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, authorId=1284557526813360798, language=EN, stringName=Hailong PIAO, firstName=Hailong, middleName=null, lastName=PIAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, *, address=1. Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China
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Chemical structures of (a) drug n-hexanoyl spiramycin (h-SPM) and (b) probeThe structure of the probe is similar to the drug. The red part are the groups required for the click chemical reaction, which are different from the structure of the drug.
, figureFileSmall=a9Wi7DUdpEU9bzu5Js5lTQ==, figureFileBig=tXMtjBrO61k9CgElTbG2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557531355792046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
(a)药物h-SPM与(b)探针的化学结构, figureFileSmall=a9Wi7DUdpEU9bzu5Js5lTQ==, figureFileBig=tXMtjBrO61k9CgElTbG2lA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533109011119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Cell proliferation assay of h-SPM and probe (n=3)a. MHCC-97H; b. MDA-MB-231; c. A549; d. LN229. Four cell lines were used, and the cells were treated with h-SPM or probe at different concentrations. The survival rates were measured with CCK-8 Kit, and a series of curves showing the changes in survival rates with concentration were obtained.
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h-SPM与探针的细胞增殖抑制实验(n=3), figureFileSmall=HKu+eEOg+xQ1NIGFlNNznA==, figureFileBig=K64rZhBJPv/BZf7eLgZClg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533251617457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Fluorescence gel imaging of the probe-labeled proteinFrom left to right, the different bands represent the experimental groups numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9. The different treatments for 1 and 2 are related to ultraviolet light, for 3-5 they are treated with different concentrations of probe, and for 6-9 they are pretreated with different concentrations of h-SPM before probe treatment. The gel was stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) to demonstrate that the protein content of each sample was the same.
, figureFileSmall=+BcFoqID8R1gdCl6v2FzkQ==, figureFileBig=mbPDtjZA862xyb+AUj6mqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533343892146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
探针标记蛋白质的荧光凝胶成像, figureFileSmall=+BcFoqID8R1gdCl6v2FzkQ==, figureFileBig=mbPDtjZA862xyb+AUj6mqA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533411001011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Western Blotting of the potential target proteinsIn the GO analysis, proteins with the high correlation to the pathways were found: low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), amyloid precursor protein (APP), transferrin receptor protein 1(TFRC) and insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R). In Western Blotting experiments, different doses of drugs were added at different times to observe the changes in the bands to determine which proteins were related to the drug’s effect.
, figureFileSmall=kBMfCnZQKPX6OjkCKHROqQ==, figureFileBig=dAH4w4/m0m4kiq2zvEqfRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533503275700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
潜在靶点蛋白质的免疫印记实验, figureFileSmall=kBMfCnZQKPX6OjkCKHROqQ==, figureFileBig=dAH4w4/m0m4kiq2zvEqfRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533591356085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Cell proliferation assay of APP knockdown cell lines by shRNA (n=3)a. APP content in four different cell lines. Four different cell lines were constructed. The shc was the blank control group for the infection of empty vector viruses, while sh1, sh2 and sh3 were cell lines with APP knockdown. b. Curve diagrams of cell viability of various cell lines to drug concentration. The four different cell lines were cultured under different concentrations of h-SPM, and performed with CCK8 assay. The sequence of shRNA: sh1: CCCTGTTCATTGTAAGCACTT; sh2: GCAGACACAGACTA-TGCAGAT; sh3: GCCATCTTTGACCGAAACGAA. * p<0.05.
, figureFileSmall=f2+Gn10rVj2FOIqXo8w6Jg==, figureFileBig=vo8PA0voodVzsbsPXr8e0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533654270646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
shRNA敲低蛋白质APP的细胞系增殖抑制实验(n=3), figureFileSmall=f2+Gn10rVj2FOIqXo8w6Jg==, figureFileBig=vo8PA0voodVzsbsPXr8e0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533725573815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Influence of drugs on cellular lysosomesa. Lysosome staining intensity. Added the lysosome fuels to the cells with and without drug addition, and cultured for different periods of time. After performing confocal imaging, quantify the photos using software to obtain the staining intensity histogram; b. Western Blotting detection of the changes of lysosome proteins lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) and cathepsin D (CTSD) after drug addition. Cultivate the cells under drug-added and non-drug-added conditions at different time points, extract the proteins from these cells for Western Blotting experiments, and obtain the results of protein changes after drug addition. ACTIN is served as a reference protein. * p<0.05.
, figureFileSmall=dpEkgRCQRtgYNbgMyRGCmg==, figureFileBig=97d1PHz1nVz8qXi0JK0L+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533796876984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
药物对细胞溶酶体的影响, figureFileSmall=dpEkgRCQRtgYNbgMyRGCmg==, figureFileBig=97d1PHz1nVz8qXi0JK0L+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1284557533863985849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Cellular pathways related to the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis results
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene set | Description |
|---|
| GO:0016192 | vesicle-mediated transport |
| GO:0045321 | leukocyte activation |
| GO:0045055 | regulated exocytosis |
| GO:0002263 | cell activation involved in immune response |
| GO:0002274 | myeloid leukocyte activation |
| GO:0001775 | cell activation |
| GO:0043312 | neutrophil degranulation |
| GO:0002283 | neutrophil activation involved in immune response |
| GO:0042119 | neutrophil activation |
| GO:0002446 | neutrophil mediated immunity |
), ArticleFig(id=1284557533931094714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1284557522505810545, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
GO分析结果相关的细胞通路
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Gene set | Description |
|---|
| GO:0016192 | vesicle-mediated transport |
| GO:0045321 | leukocyte activation |
| GO:0045055 | regulated exocytosis |
| GO:0002263 | cell activation involved in immune response |
| GO:0002274 | myeloid leukocyte activation |
| GO:0001775 | cell activation |
| GO:0043312 | neutrophil degranulation |
| GO:0002283 | neutrophil activation involved in immune response |
| GO:0042119 | neutrophil activation |
| GO:0002446 | neutrophil mediated immunity |
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