Article(id=1322946504016666881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1322945454501143426, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.02001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743177600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793344625715, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1759852800000, pubDateStr=2025-10-08, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793344625715, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793344625715, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793344625715, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322945454501143426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, year='2025', volume='43', issue='10', pageStart='1089', pageEnd='1183', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1759852800000', pubDateStr='2025-10-08', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793344375491, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793345195645, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322948894535058273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1322945454501143426, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322948894535058274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, issueId=1322945454501143426, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1145, endPage=1153, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322946504322851074, articleId=1322946504016666881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=EN, title=Simultaneous detection of 34 pesticide and metabolite residues in vegetables and fruits using improved QuEChERS-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, columnId=1284557502633185292, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Chromatography, columnName=Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
With the rapid advancement of industrialization, agricultural intensification, and urbanization, issues pertaining to environmental pollution and food safety have become increasingly prominent. The use of pesticides plays a vital role in augmenting agricultural yield and quality, thereby serving as a foundational element of modern agriculture. However, improper or excessive application can lead to pesticide residues, which pose a significant threat to ecological systems and human health. Therefore, it is essential to enhance the surveillance of pesticide residue levels and to pioneer novel, efficient analytical methodologies. Sample pretreatment constitutes a crucial stage in the detection pipeline. Consequently, the development of rapid, green, and efficient sample pretreatment techniques has advanced significantly and gained widespread application in recent years. To effectively monitor pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables while reducing matrix interference, we established a high-throughput method for detecting 34 pesticides and their metabolites. This method utilizes a modified QuEChERS approach with carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) as a clean-up sorbent, followed by analysis with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The detection conditions for 34 pesticide and metabolite residues in fruits and vegetables were established through the optimization of the pretreatment process, chromatographic conditions, and mass spectrometry parameters. Specifically, fruit and vegetable samples were homogenized and extracted using a commercial QuEChERS EN extraction kit. Following shaking and centrifugation, the supernatant was transferred to a purification tube containing 10 mg of MWCNTs-COOH. Subsequently, this supernatant was evaporated to near-dryness under a gentle stream of nitrogen, reconstituted in ethyl acetate containing an internal standard, and filtered through a 0.22 μm nylon membrane filter. The target substances were separated on a HP-5MS UI quartz capillary column (30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm) with a programmed temperature gradient, detected by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, and quantified using a matrix-matched internal standard calibration method. A full scan was performed across an m/z range of 45-500. Retention times and characteristic fragment ions were identified using the NIST mass spectral library. The most intense fragment ion was selected as the precursor ion. Parameters including dwell time and collision energy were then optimized to select the optimal product ion for each transition. Acetonitrile was selected as the optimal extraction solvent, and 10 mg was determined to be the optimal dosage of MWCNTs-COOH for purification. Under the optimized conditions, all 34 pesticides and metabolites demonstrated good linearities within their respective concentration ranges, with correlation coefficients (R2) greater than 0.997 4. The method demonstrated low limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs), ranging from 0.023 to 0.817 μg/kg and 0.077 to 2.696 μg/kg, respectively. At three spiked concentration levels (low, medium, and high), the recoveries for the 34 pesticides and metabolites ranged from 78.9% to 104.5%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.0% to 7.8%. Additionally, matrix effects were evaluated for six types of fruits and vegetables at a spiked mass concentration of 0.2 μg/mL. The results indicated significant differences in matrix effects among the sample matrices. Chives exhibited the strongest matrix effect, followed by chili peppers and celery. Bananas, grapes, and peaches were the least affected. Overall, strong matrix effects were observed in over 20% of the analyte-matrix combinations, with vegetables generally exhibiting a stronger influence than fruits. The evaluation confirmed significant differences in matrix effects for the target pesticides and metabolites across the various sample matrices. Consequently, a matrix-matched calibration method was employed for accurate quantification to correct for these effects. The developed method demonstrates high purification efficiency, accuracy, and reproducibility, rendering it highly suitable for the simultaneous determination of multiple pesticide and metabolite residues in fruits and vegetables.
, authors=Xinzhong ZHANG
1, 2, Xuemei WANG
1, 3, Jun CHEN
1, Zhen ZHANG
1, Hui DING
2, Xinzhen DU
1, 3, Xiaoquan LU
1, 3, authorsList=Xinzhong ZHANG, Xuemei WANG, Jun CHEN, Zhen ZHANG, Hui DING, Xinzhen DU, Xiaoquan LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xuemei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited., copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322946505765691661, articleId=1322946504016666881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, language=CN, title=羧基化多壁碳纳米管改进的QuEChERS-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测蔬菜水果中34种农药及代谢物残留, columnId=1284557502792568846, journalTitle=色谱, columnName=研究论文, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为了有效监测农药在蔬菜水果中的残留水平,降低样品基质对目标物的干扰,本研究建立了羧基化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-COOH)改进的QuEChERS联合GC-MS/MS技术对蔬菜水果中34种农药及代谢物残留的高通量检测方法。通过优化前处理过程及色谱、质谱分析条件,确定了蔬菜水果中34种农药及代谢物的最佳检测条件。具体方法如下:蔬菜水果样品经研磨粉碎,加入陶瓷均质子及QuEChERS EN-提取包,振荡离心后,取上清液转移至添加10 mg MWCNTs-COOH的净化管中,振荡离心后取2 mL上清液氮吹至近干,用含有内标的乙酸乙酯复溶,样品经0.22 μm尼龙微孔滤膜过滤后,经Agilent HP-5MS UI气相色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)程序升温分离,GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配内标法定量。在优化的实验条件下,34种农药及代谢物在相应的线性范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.997 4,此方法具有较低的检出限(LOD:0.023~0.817 μg/kg)和定量限(LOQ:0.077~2.696 μg/kg)。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,34种农药及代谢物的加标回收率为78.9%~104.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.0%~7.8%。本方法净化效果显著,准确高效,适用于蔬菜水果中多组分农药及代谢物残留的检测。
, authors=张新中
1, 2, 王雪梅
1, 3, 陈军
1, 张震
1, 丁辉
2, 杜新贞
1, 3, 卢小泉
1, 3, authorsList=张新中, 王雪梅, 陈军, 张震, 丁辉, 杜新贞, 卢小泉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王雪梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
, copyrightStatement=Copyright © 2025 Editorial office of Chinese Journal of Chromatography
本文是开放获取文章,遵循CC BY 4.0协议
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1, 2, address=1. Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China
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1, 2, address=1.高原交汇区水资源安全与水环境保护教育部重点实验室,西北师范大学化学化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
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1, 3, address=1. Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China
3. Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322947688651685975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, authorId=1322947688395833427, language=CN, stringName=王雪梅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 3, address=1.高原交汇区水资源安全与水环境保护教育部重点实验室,西北师范大学化学化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
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1, address=1. Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322947690526539868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, authorId=1322947688718794841, language=CN, stringName=陈军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=1.高原交汇区水资源安全与水环境保护教育部重点实验室,西北师范大学化学化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730070, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322947687796047939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322947687804436548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, companyId=1322947687796047939, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322947687817019461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, companyId=1322947687796047939, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.高原交汇区水资源安全与水环境保护教育部重点实验室,西北师范大学化学化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)])]), Author(id=1322947690610425950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322947690698506336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, authorId=1322947690610425950, language=EN, stringName=Zhen ZHANG, firstName=Zhen, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=1. Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322947690765615201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, authorId=1322947690610425950, language=CN, stringName=张震, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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Key Laboratory of Water Security and Water Environment Protection in Plateau Intersection,Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322947687817019461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, companyId=1322947687796047939, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.高原交汇区水资源安全与水环境保护教育部重点实验室,西北师范大学化学化工学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322947687926071366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322947687938654279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, companyId=1322947687926071366, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Lanzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control,Lanzhou 730050,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322947687947042888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, companyId=1322947687926071366, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.兰州市食品药品检验检测研究院,甘肃 兰州 730050)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322947688030928969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322947688043511882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, companyId=1322947688030928969, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3. Key Laboratory of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322947688051900491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, companyId=1322947688030928969, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.甘肃省生物电化学与环境分析重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322947693022150781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=
Total ion chromatogram of the 34 pesticides, metabolites and internal standard substance, figureFileSmall=cZ/SfxkCnyW9eGlGgW7ttA==, figureFileBig=Z2fjQufGS9Ftlt+GT2OT5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947693278003326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
34种农药及代谢物和内标物质的总离子流图For peak Nos., see Table 2.
, figureFileSmall=cZ/SfxkCnyW9eGlGgW7ttA==, figureFileBig=Z2fjQufGS9Ftlt+GT2OT5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947694922170495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Average recoveries of the 34 pesticides and metabolites with five extraction solvents (n=3), figureFileSmall=9ElWW4NJoOSA9IYrJUdedw==, figureFileBig=ipmpJ8UV7i8hCgClGgJ+nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695056388224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
采用5种提取溶剂时34种农药及代谢物的平均回收率(n=3), figureFileSmall=9ElWW4NJoOSA9IYrJUdedw==, figureFileBig=ipmpJ8UV7i8hCgClGgJ+nQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695136080001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
(a) Solvent colors and (b) average recovery of the 34 pesticides and metabolites with different MWCNTs-COOH addition amounts (n=3), figureFileSmall=jM9THadbdgGbhq9S1W+xJQ==, figureFileBig=D2yjTPj7Ey0kp2whIH4M/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695303852162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
添加不同量MWCNTs-COOH时(a)溶剂的颜色和(b)34种农药及代谢物的平均回收率(n=3), figureFileSmall=jM9THadbdgGbhq9S1W+xJQ==, figureFileBig=D2yjTPj7Ey0kp2whIH4M/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695370961027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
(a) Matrix effects of pesticides and metabolites in six actual samples at the level of 0.2 μg/mL and (b) distribution and proportion of matrix effects of the 34 pesticides and metabolites, figureFileSmall=fYy4xI6QI5AIXfAQs/OEYA==, figureFileBig=tYmTEHfp2G8zMQizXYxWqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695442264196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
(a)6种实际样品中农药及代谢物在0.2 μg/mL水平下的基质效应和(b)34种农药及代谢物的基质效应分布及占比, figureFileSmall=fYy4xI6QI5AIXfAQs/OEYA==, figureFileBig=tYmTEHfp2G8zMQizXYxWqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695727476869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
(a) Proportions of pesticide detection quantities and (b) types and quantities of non-conforming samples, figureFileSmall=+LeDZX735uFgBOuXcp/aNg==, figureFileBig=iRYF09UyffdWyGhEh7MNmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695794585734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
(a)农药检出数量占比和(b)不合格样品种类及数量, figureFileSmall=+LeDZX735uFgBOuXcp/aNg==, figureFileBig=iRYF09UyffdWyGhEh7MNmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322947695882666119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
GC heating program
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Item | Rate/ (℃/min) | Temperature/℃ | Hold time/min | Run time/min |
|---|
| Initial value | | 60 | 1 | 1 |
| Gradient 1 | 40 | 170 | 0 | 3.75 |
| Gradient 2 | 10 | 310 | 3.3 | 21.05 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322947695970746504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
GC升温程序
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Item | Rate/ (℃/min) | Temperature/℃ | Hold time/min | Run time/min |
|---|
| Initial value | | 60 | 1 | 1 |
| Gradient 1 | 40 | 170 | 0 | 3.75 |
| Gradient 2 | 10 | 310 | 3.3 | 21.05 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322947696037855369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Retention times and MS parameters of the 34 pesticides and metabolites and internal standard substance
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Compound | Retention time/min | Monitoring ion pairs (m/z) | Dwell times/ms | Collision energies/eV |
|---|
| 1 | dichlorvos1) | 4.450 | 184.9>93.0*, 108.9>79.0 | 15,10 | 15,15 |
| 2 | methamidophos1) | 4.489 | 141.0>95.0*, 141.0>79.0 | 10,10 | 5,10 |
| 3 | acephate1) | 5.438 | 136.0>94.0*, 136.0>42.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 4 | omethoate1) | 6.462 | 155.9>110.0*, 109.9>79.0 | 15,10 | 5,15 |
| 5 | phorate1) | 7.107 | 260.0>75.0*, 230.9>128.9 | 15,15 | 10,10 |
| 6 | α-HCH2) | 7.239 | 216.9>181.0*, 181.1>145.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 7 | dimethoate1) | 7.423 | 92.9>63.0*, 86.9>46.0 | 10,10 | 10,15 |
| 8 | β-HCH2) | 7.650 | 216.9>181.0*, 181.0>145.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 9 | γ-HCH2) | 7.725 | 217.0>181.1*, 180.9>145.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 10 | isazophos1) | 8.094 | 161.0>146.0*, 161.0>119.0 | 15,15 | 5,5 |
| 11 | δ-HCH2) | 8.112 | 217.0>181.1*, 181.1>145.1 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 12 | chlorothalonil2) | 8.196 | 263.8>229.0*, 263.8>168.0 | 15,15 | 20,25 |
| 13 | o,p′-dicofol2) | 9.076 | 139.0>111.0*, 250.9>138.9 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 14 | phorate-sulfoxide1) | 9.410 | 199.0>142.9*, 96.9>64.9 | 15,15 | 10,20 |
| 15 | phorate-sulfone1) | 9.411 | 153.0>97.0*, 124.9>96.9 | 10,10 | 10,10 |
| 16 | fenthion1) | 9.452 | 278.0>169.0*, 278.0>109.0 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 17 | chlorpyrifos1) | 9.482 | 198.9>171.0*, 196.9>169.0 | 5,5 | 15,15 |
| 18 | p,p′-dicofol2) | 9.571 | 139.0>111.0*, 250.9>138.9 | 10,10 | 8,8 |
| 19 | isocarbophos1) | 9.610 | 135.9>108.0*, 135.9>69.0 | 5,5 | 15,15 |
| 20 | isofenphos-methyl1) | 9.921 | 241.1>199.1*, 199.0>121.0 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 21 | pendimethalin4) | 10.035 | 251.8>162.2*, 251.8>161.1 | 10,10 | 10,15 |
| 22 | heptachlor epoxide# | 10.105 | 352.8>262.9*, 354.8>264.9 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 23 | procymidone5) | 10.352 | 96.0>67.1*, 96.0>53.1 | 5,5 | 15,10 |
| 24 | methidathion1) | 10.510 | 144.9>58.1*, 144.9>85.0 | 10,10 | 15,5 |
| 25 | profenofos1) | 11.036 | 338.8>268.7*, 207.9>63.0 | 10,10 | 15,30 |
| 26 | dieldrin2) | 11.189 | 262.9>193.0*, 262.9>191.0 | 10,10 | 35,35 |
| 27 | fenthion-sulfoxide1) | 11.787 | 278.0>169.0*, 278.0>109.0 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 28 | fenthion-sulfone1) | 11.869 | 309.9>105.0*, 135.9>92.0 | 10,10 | 10,10 |
| 29 | triazophos1) | 12.152 | 161.2>106.1*, 161.2>134.2 | 5,5 | 5,10 |
| 30 | bifenthrin3) | 13.392 | 181.2>166.2*, 181.2>165.2 | 25,25 | 25,10 |
| 31 | cyhalothrin3) | 14.303 | 197.0>161.0*, 197.0>141.0 | 25,25 | 20,20 |
| 32 | cypermethrin3) | 16.078 | 163.0>127.0*, 163.0>91.0 | 25,25 | 10,15 |
| 33 | fenvalerate3) | 16.977 | 224.9>119.0*, 167.0>125.1 | 25,25 | 15,15 |
| 34 | difenoconazole6) | 17.332 | 322.8>264.8*, 264.9>202.0 | 25,25 | 15,20 |
| 35 | deltamethrin3) | 17.563 | 252.9>93.0*, 250.7>172.0 | 25,25 | 15,5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322947696151101578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
34种农药及代谢物和内标物质的保留时间和质谱参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| No. | Compound | Retention time/min | Monitoring ion pairs (m/z) | Dwell times/ms | Collision energies/eV |
|---|
| 1 | dichlorvos1) | 4.450 | 184.9>93.0*, 108.9>79.0 | 15,10 | 15,15 |
| 2 | methamidophos1) | 4.489 | 141.0>95.0*, 141.0>79.0 | 10,10 | 5,10 |
| 3 | acephate1) | 5.438 | 136.0>94.0*, 136.0>42.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 4 | omethoate1) | 6.462 | 155.9>110.0*, 109.9>79.0 | 15,10 | 5,15 |
| 5 | phorate1) | 7.107 | 260.0>75.0*, 230.9>128.9 | 15,15 | 10,10 |
| 6 | α-HCH2) | 7.239 | 216.9>181.0*, 181.1>145.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 7 | dimethoate1) | 7.423 | 92.9>63.0*, 86.9>46.0 | 10,10 | 10,15 |
| 8 | β-HCH2) | 7.650 | 216.9>181.0*, 181.0>145.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 9 | γ-HCH2) | 7.725 | 217.0>181.1*, 180.9>145.0 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 10 | isazophos1) | 8.094 | 161.0>146.0*, 161.0>119.0 | 15,15 | 5,5 |
| 11 | δ-HCH2) | 8.112 | 217.0>181.1*, 181.1>145.1 | 10,10 | 5,15 |
| 12 | chlorothalonil2) | 8.196 | 263.8>229.0*, 263.8>168.0 | 15,15 | 20,25 |
| 13 | o,p′-dicofol2) | 9.076 | 139.0>111.0*, 250.9>138.9 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 14 | phorate-sulfoxide1) | 9.410 | 199.0>142.9*, 96.9>64.9 | 15,15 | 10,20 |
| 15 | phorate-sulfone1) | 9.411 | 153.0>97.0*, 124.9>96.9 | 10,10 | 10,10 |
| 16 | fenthion1) | 9.452 | 278.0>169.0*, 278.0>109.0 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 17 | chlorpyrifos1) | 9.482 | 198.9>171.0*, 196.9>169.0 | 5,5 | 15,15 |
| 18 | p,p′-dicofol2) | 9.571 | 139.0>111.0*, 250.9>138.9 | 10,10 | 8,8 |
| 19 | isocarbophos1) | 9.610 | 135.9>108.0*, 135.9>69.0 | 5,5 | 15,15 |
| 20 | isofenphos-methyl1) | 9.921 | 241.1>199.1*, 199.0>121.0 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 21 | pendimethalin4) | 10.035 | 251.8>162.2*, 251.8>161.1 | 10,10 | 10,15 |
| 22 | heptachlor epoxide# | 10.105 | 352.8>262.9*, 354.8>264.9 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 23 | procymidone5) | 10.352 | 96.0>67.1*, 96.0>53.1 | 5,5 | 15,10 |
| 24 | methidathion1) | 10.510 | 144.9>58.1*, 144.9>85.0 | 10,10 | 15,5 |
| 25 | profenofos1) | 11.036 | 338.8>268.7*, 207.9>63.0 | 10,10 | 15,30 |
| 26 | dieldrin2) | 11.189 | 262.9>193.0*, 262.9>191.0 | 10,10 | 35,35 |
| 27 | fenthion-sulfoxide1) | 11.787 | 278.0>169.0*, 278.0>109.0 | 10,10 | 15,15 |
| 28 | fenthion-sulfone1) | 11.869 | 309.9>105.0*, 135.9>92.0 | 10,10 | 10,10 |
| 29 | triazophos1) | 12.152 | 161.2>106.1*, 161.2>134.2 | 5,5 | 5,10 |
| 30 | bifenthrin3) | 13.392 | 181.2>166.2*, 181.2>165.2 | 25,25 | 25,10 |
| 31 | cyhalothrin3) | 14.303 | 197.0>161.0*, 197.0>141.0 | 25,25 | 20,20 |
| 32 | cypermethrin3) | 16.078 | 163.0>127.0*, 163.0>91.0 | 25,25 | 10,15 |
| 33 | fenvalerate3) | 16.977 | 224.9>119.0*, 167.0>125.1 | 25,25 | 15,15 |
| 34 | difenoconazole6) | 17.332 | 322.8>264.8*, 264.9>202.0 | 25,25 | 15,20 |
| 35 | deltamethrin3) | 17.563 | 252.9>93.0*, 250.7>172.0 | 25,25 | 15,5 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322947696226599051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Linear ranges, linear equations, correlation coefficients, LODs, LOQs, average recoveries and RSDs (n=6)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Analyte | Linear range/ (μg/kg) | Linear equation | R2 | Recoveries (RSDs)/% | LOD/ (μg/kg) | LOQ/ (μg/kg) |
|---|
| 5 μg/kg | 20 μg/kg | 50 μg/kg |
|---|
| Dichlorvos | 1.363-500 | y=2.905x+0.024 | 0.9998 | 92.2 (3.6) | 93.4 (4.1) | 95.3 (3.2) | 0.496 | 1.363 |
| Methamidophos | 2.482-500 | y=2.163x+0.045 | 0.9998 | 91.6 (3.5) | 92.5 (4.7) | 93.6 (3.3) | 0.752 | 2.482 |
| Acephate | 1.891-500 | y=1.935x+0.032 | 0.9998 | 79.5 (4.2) | 83.5 (5.2) | 87.9 (4.2) | 0.573 | 1.891 |
| Omethoate | 0.943-500 | y=3.591x+0.074 | 0.9980 | 93.5 (3.4) | 92.3 (5.2) | 93.5 (4.4) | 0.286 | 0.943 |
| Phorate | 0.265-500 | y=2.420x-0.010 | 0.9999 | 99.8 (4.2) | 98.4 (5.3) | 103.9 (4.2) | 0.080 | 0.265 |
| α-HCH | 0.899-500 | y=7.664x-0.030 | 0.9996 | 92.4 (4.2) | 91.8 (5.4) | 91.6 (2.0) | 0.272 | 0.899 |
| Dimethoate | 0.976-500 | y=2.381x+0.024 | 0.9995 | 95.3 (4.8) | 94.3 (3.2) | 94.6 (2.9) | 0.296 | 0.976 |
| β-HCH | 1.384-500 | y=5.032x+0.012 | 0.9999 | 88.4 (1.7) | 90.9 (4.9) | 92.7 (6.1) | 0.419 | 1.384 |
| γ-HCH | 1.666-500 | y=5.143x-0.027 | 0.9995 | 93.8 (2.9) | 94.2 (6.6) | 93.5 (3.4) | 0.505 | 1.666 |
| Isazophos | 1.098-500 | y=4.834x+0.015 | 0.9999 | 92.9 (3.2) | 91.4 (3.9) | 92.4 (4.4) | 0.333 | 1.098 |
| δ-HCH | 2.439-500 | y=3.744x+0.021 | 0.9998 | 90.8 (3.2) | 88.2 (2.4) | 86.8 (3.7) | 0.739 | 2.439 |
| Chlorothalonil | 0.950-500 | y=1.719x-0.013 | 0.9999 | 78.9 (3.3) | 83.6 (4.2) | 88.5 (5.1) | 0.288 | 0.950 |
| o,p′-Dicofol | 0.271-500 | y=21.040x+0.195 | 0.9994 | 82.3 (1.3) | 81.5 (3.2) | 85.9 (4.5) | 0.082 | 0.271 |
| Phorate-sulfoxide | 0.509-500 | y=3.387x+0.016 | 0.9996 | 92.5 (5.1) | 94.3 (4.9) | 95.4 (4.8) | 0.154 | 0.509 |
| Phorate-sulfone | 1.169-500 | y=8.867x+0.091 | 0.9991 | 94.3 (4.9) | 95.3 (4.2) | 95.9 (2.3) | 0.354 | 1.169 |
| Fenthion | 0.180-500 | y=11.380x+0.138 | 0.9997 | 97.7 (4.1) | 98.6 (3.1) | 101.3 (2.0) | 0.054 | 0.180 |
| Chlorpyrifos | 0.900-500 | y=4.398x+0.009 | 0.9999 | 94.3 (5.2) | 95.2 (2.5) | 93.4 (7.8) | 0.273 | 0.900 |
| p,p′-Dicofol | 0.588-500 | y=14.580x-0.021 | 0.9997 | 85.9 (2.6) | 82.1 (4.1) | 90.4 (4.7) | 0.178 | 0.588 |
| Isocarbophos | 1.586-500 | y=7.738x+0.049 | 0.9997 | 89.8 (5.3) | 93.5 (3.6) | 95.4 (1.9) | 0.481 | 1.586 |
| Isofenphos-methyl | 0.194-500 | y=12.630x+0.061 | 0.9999 | 97.6 (6.3) | 95.9 (5.0) | 99.9 (4.7) | 0.059 | 0.194 |
| Pendimethalin | 1.045-500 | y=1.178x-0.016 | 0.9994 | 94.1 (4.9) | 89.4 (3.7) | 92.3 (4.7) | 0.317 | 1.045 |
| Procymidone | 2.021-500 | y=5.484x+0.746 | 0.9998 | 92.5 (6.1) | 94.3 (1.9) | 89.9 (4.2) | 0.612 | 2.021 |
| Methidathion | 0.158-500 | y=11.540x-0.199 | 0.9981 | 93.4 (2.9) | 94.7 (3.8) | 96.4 (3.0) | 0.048 | 0.158 |
| Profenofos | 0.844-500 | y=1.735x+0.011 | 0.9997 | 92.4 (5.0) | 88.3 (3.7) | 93.2 (3.8) | 0.256 | 0.844 |
| Dieldrin | 2.696-500 | y=0.838x+0.005 | 0.9998 | 89.9 (6.2) | 90.4 (4.8) | 91.4 (3.6) | 0.817 | 2.696 |
| Fenthion-sulfoxide | 2.017-500 | y=1.864x+0.014 | 0.9992 | 90.3 (3.7) | 92.2 (3.5) | 90.5 (5.2) | 0.611 | 2.017 |
| Fenthion-sulfone | 1.403-500 | y=1.025x+0.011 | 0.9997 | 93.2 (2.1) | 91.3 (4.8) | 88.5 (3.2) | 0.425 | 1.403 |
| Triazophos | 1.395-500 | y=2.773x+0.033 | 0.9996 | 90.4 (3.4) | 95.4 (1.0) | 94.3 (1.1) | 0.423 | 1.395 |
| Bifenthrin | 0.077-500 | y=12.250x+0.042 | 0.9999 | 98.8 (1.6) | 97.4 (2.5) | 104.5(4.9) | 0.023 | 0.077 |
| Cyhalothrin | 1.848-500 | y=2.591x+0.013 | 0.9999 | 94.6 (3.8) | 95.2 (4.1) | 93.4 (2.7) | 0.560 | 1.848 |
| Cypermethrin | 1.478-500 | y=3.947x+0.089 | 0.9998 | 92.5 (4.3) | 91.5 (3.2) | 92.5 (3.7) | 0.448 | 1.478 |
| Fenvalerate | 1.519-500 | y=5.674x-0.031 | 0.9991 | 94.1 (3.8) | 94.7 (3.9) | 95.3 (2.5) | 0.460 | 1.519 |
| Difenoconazole | 1.135-500 | y=6.678x+0.029 | 0.9992 | 94.3 (2.1) | 95.9 (4.8) | 94.3 (5.3) | 0.344 | 1.135 |
| Deltamethrin | 1.996-500 | y=1.530x-0.037 | 0.9974 | 90.4 (4.3) | 94.3 (4.7) | 95.1 (4.9) | 0.605 | 1.996 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322947696344039564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1283840372199657495, articleId=1322946504016666881, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
线性范围、线性方程、相关系数、检出限、定量限、加标回收率及标准偏差(n=6)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Analyte | Linear range/ (μg/kg) | Linear equation | R2 | Recoveries (RSDs)/% | LOD/ (μg/kg) | LOQ/ (μg/kg) |
|---|
| 5 μg/kg | 20 μg/kg | 50 μg/kg |
|---|
| Dichlorvos | 1.363-500 | y=2.905x+0.024 | 0.9998 | 92.2 (3.6) | 93.4 (4.1) | 95.3 (3.2) | 0.496 | 1.363 |
| Methamidophos | 2.482-500 | y=2.163x+0.045 | 0.9998 | 91.6 (3.5) | 92.5 (4.7) | 93.6 (3.3) | 0.752 | 2.482 |
| Acephate | 1.891-500 | y=1.935x+0.032 | 0.9998 | 79.5 (4.2) | 83.5 (5.2) | 87.9 (4.2) | 0.573 | 1.891 |
| Omethoate | 0.943-500 | y=3.591x+0.074 | 0.9980 | 93.5 (3.4) | 92.3 (5.2) | 93.5 (4.4) | 0.286 | 0.943 |
| Phorate | 0.265-500 | y=2.420x-0.010 | 0.9999 | 99.8 (4.2) | 98.4 (5.3) | 103.9 (4.2) | 0.080 | 0.265 |
| α-HCH | 0.899-500 | y=7.664x-0.030 | 0.9996 | 92.4 (4.2) | 91.8 (5.4) | 91.6 (2.0) | 0.272 | 0.899 |
| Dimethoate | 0.976-500 | y=2.381x+0.024 | 0.9995 | 95.3 (4.8) | 94.3 (3.2) | 94.6 (2.9) | 0.296 | 0.976 |
| β-HCH | 1.384-500 | y=5.032x+0.012 | 0.9999 | 88.4 (1.7) | 90.9 (4.9) | 92.7 (6.1) | 0.419 | 1.384 |
| γ-HCH | 1.666-500 | y=5.143x-0.027 | 0.9995 | 93.8 (2.9) | 94.2 (6.6) | 93.5 (3.4) | 0.505 | 1.666 |
| Isazophos | 1.098-500 | y=4.834x+0.015 | 0.9999 | 92.9 (3.2) | 91.4 (3.9) | 92.4 (4.4) | 0.333 | 1.098 |
| δ-HCH | 2.439-500 | y=3.744x+0.021 | 0.9998 | 90.8 (3.2) | 88.2 (2.4) | 86.8 (3.7) | 0.739 | 2.439 |
| Chlorothalonil | 0.950-500 | y=1.719x-0.013 | 0.9999 | 78.9 (3.3) | 83.6 (4.2) | 88.5 (5.1) | 0.288 | 0.950 |
| o,p′-Dicofol | 0.271-500 | y=21.040x+0.195 | 0.9994 | 82.3 (1.3) | 81.5 (3.2) | 85.9 (4.5) | 0.082 | 0.271 |
| Phorate-sulfoxide | 0.509-500 | y=3.387x+0.016 | 0.9996 | 92.5 (5.1) | 94.3 (4.9) | 95.4 (4.8) | 0.154 | 0.509 |
| Phorate-sulfone | 1.169-500 | y=8.867x+0.091 | 0.9991 | 94.3 (4.9) | 95.3 (4.2) | 95.9 (2.3) | 0.354 | 1.169 |
| Fenthion | 0.180-500 | y=11.380x+0.138 | 0.9997 | 97.7 (4.1) | 98.6 (3.1) | 101.3 (2.0) | 0.054 | 0.180 |
| Chlorpyrifos | 0.900-500 | y=4.398x+0.009 | 0.9999 | 94.3 (5.2) | 95.2 (2.5) | 93.4 (7.8) | 0.273 | 0.900 |
| p,p′-Dicofol | 0.588-500 | y=14.580x-0.021 | 0.9997 | 85.9 (2.6) | 82.1 (4.1) | 90.4 (4.7) | 0.178 | 0.588 |
| Isocarbophos | 1.586-500 | y=7.738x+0.049 | 0.9997 | 89.8 (5.3) | 93.5 (3.6) | 95.4 (1.9) | 0.481 | 1.586 |
| Isofenphos-methyl | 0.194-500 | y=12.630x+0.061 | 0.9999 | 97.6 (6.3) | 95.9 (5.0) | 99.9 (4.7) | 0.059 | 0.194 |
| Pendimethalin | 1.045-500 | y=1.178x-0.016 | 0.9994 | 94.1 (4.9) | 89.4 (3.7) | 92.3 (4.7) | 0.317 | 1.045 |
| Procymidone | 2.021-500 | y=5.484x+0.746 | 0.9998 | 92.5 (6.1) | 94.3 (1.9) | 89.9 (4.2) | 0.612 | 2.021 |
| Methidathion | 0.158-500 | y=11.540x-0.199 | 0.9981 | 93.4 (2.9) | 94.7 (3.8) | 96.4 (3.0) | 0.048 | 0.158 |
| Profenofos | 0.844-500 | y=1.735x+0.011 | 0.9997 | 92.4 (5.0) | 88.3 (3.7) | 93.2 (3.8) | 0.256 | 0.844 |
| Dieldrin | 2.696-500 | y=0.838x+0.005 | 0.9998 | 89.9 (6.2) | 90.4 (4.8) | 91.4 (3.6) | 0.817 | 2.696 |
| Fenthion-sulfoxide | 2.017-500 | y=1.864x+0.014 | 0.9992 | 90.3 (3.7) | 92.2 (3.5) | 90.5 (5.2) | 0.611 | 2.017 |
| Fenthion-sulfone | 1.403-500 | y=1.025x+0.011 | 0.9997 | 93.2 (2.1) | 91.3 (4.8) | 88.5 (3.2) | 0.425 | 1.403 |
| Triazophos | 1.395-500 | y=2.773x+0.033 | 0.9996 | 90.4 (3.4) | 95.4 (1.0) | 94.3 (1.1) | 0.423 | 1.395 |
| Bifenthrin | 0.077-500 | y=12.250x+0.042 | 0.9999 | 98.8 (1.6) | 97.4 (2.5) | 104.5(4.9) | 0.023 | 0.077 |
| Cyhalothrin | 1.848-500 | y=2.591x+0.013 | 0.9999 | 94.6 (3.8) | 95.2 (4.1) | 93.4 (2.7) | 0.560 | 1.848 |
| Cypermethrin | 1.478-500 | y=3.947x+0.089 | 0.9998 | 92.5 (4.3) | 91.5 (3.2) | 92.5 (3.7) | 0.448 | 1.478 |
| Fenvalerate | 1.519-500 | y=5.674x-0.031 | 0.9991 | 94.1 (3.8) | 94.7 (3.9) | 95.3 (2.5) | 0.460 | 1.519 |
| Difenoconazole | 1.135-500 | y=6.678x+0.029 | 0.9992 | 94.3 (2.1) | 95.9 (4.8) | 94.3 (5.3) | 0.344 | 1.135 |
| Deltamethrin | 1.996-500 | y=1.530x-0.037 | 0.9974 | 90.4 (4.3) | 94.3 (4.7) | 95.1 (4.9) | 0.605 | 1.996 |
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