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Article(id=1207627663297057442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241498, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1723046400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-08, revisedDate=1733068800000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765850471567, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765850471567, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765850471567, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765850471567, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207271180105499439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765765479351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765681303, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=34, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207627663636796083, articleId=1207627663297057442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, language=EN, title=Simulation and Utilizable Volume Study of Irrigation District Drainage Based on MIKE SHE Model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Water Resources and Power, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Irrigation drainage is an inevitable accompanying process in agricultural irrigation, widely present in the irrigated farmlands of the northwest region of China. Due to poor water quality, if it is returned to the river channels, it will pose a threat to the water ecological environment of the basin. Taking the Huanghe South Bank Irrigation District in Hangjin Banner as the research object, a MIKE SHE distributed hydrological model was established to predict the drainage volume and available volume of the irrigation district. Cross-checking was conducted with the simulation results of hydrological models by using the water equilibrium method and the ratio of diversion to drainage method. The results show that under the current drainage system conditions, the multi-year average drainage volume is 48.21 million m3, and the available volume is 43.39 million m3; After the drainage system is upgraded and transformed, the multi-year average drainage volume is 49.20 million m3, and the available volume is 44.28 million m3. The drainage volume prediction results of each method vary slightly, but the overall difference is not significant. The simulation results by MIKE SHE's hydrological model and the average deviation is controlled within ±4%, while the relative error of the simulated drainage during the verification period is 3.7%. The MIKE SHE hydrological model performs well in simulating the drainage process of the irrigation district, which can provide reference for the resource utilization of irrigation district drainage.

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灌区排水是农业灌溉不可避免的伴生过程，普遍存在于我国西北地区的灌溉农田，由于水质较差，若重新退回河道，将对流域水生态环境造成威胁。为此，以杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区为例，构建了MIKE SHE分布式水文模型，模拟预测灌区排水量及可利用量，同时利用水均衡法、引排比法等方法与水文模型模拟结果进行交叉校核。结果表明，现状排水系统工况下，多年平均排水量4 821×104 m3，可利用量4 339×104 m3；排水系统提升改造后，多年平均排水量4 920×104 m3，可利用量4 428×104 m3。各方法排水量预测结果略有出入，但总体相差不大，MIKE SHE水文模型模拟结果与平均值偏差控制在±4%以内，而验证期模拟排水相对误差为3.7%，可见MIKE SHE水文模型在灌区排水过程模拟中效果较好，可为灌区排水资源化利用提供参考借鉴。

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张翔宇（1991-），男，硕士、工程师，研究方向为水资源规划与管理，E-mail：

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张翔宇（1991-），男，硕士、工程师，研究方向为水资源规划与管理，E-mail：

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张翔宇（1991-），男，硕士、工程师，研究方向为水资源规划与管理，E-mail：

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Model calibration parameters and influence interpretation

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模型模块参数单位率定结果影响解释
河道流（OC）河床糙率渗漏系数1/s0.033 4.68×10-7越大表示沟道表面越粗糙，波峰轻微滞后越大表示渗漏能力越大，曲线整体下降，波峰提前、历时变短
坡面流（OL）曼宁系数 10越大表示坡面汇流越快，对排水曲线影响不大
非饱和带（UZ）饱和含水率 0.408越大表示土壤蓄水能力越大，曲线整体下移
（砂质壤土）饱和导水率m/s1.72×10-8越大表示土壤饱和状态水流渗透能力越大，曲线波峰更陡、波峰提前
饱和带（SZ）水平水力传导系数m/s5×10-5越大表示地下水侧向补给越大，曲线整体抬高，后期因累积效应更高
 垂直水力传导系数m/s5×10-6越大表示地下水垂向排泄越大，曲线轻微下移
 排水时间常数1/s1.8×10-7越大表示排水速度越快，波峰后曲线下降变快
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668183420930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627663297057442, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型率定参数及影响解释

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型模块参数单位率定结果影响解释
河道流（OC）河床糙率渗漏系数1/s0.033 4.68×10-7越大表示沟道表面越粗糙，波峰轻微滞后越大表示渗漏能力越大，曲线整体下降，波峰提前、历时变短
坡面流（OL）曼宁系数 10越大表示坡面汇流越快，对排水曲线影响不大
非饱和带（UZ）饱和含水率 0.408越大表示土壤蓄水能力越大，曲线整体下移
（砂质壤土）饱和导水率m/s1.72×10-8越大表示土壤饱和状态水流渗透能力越大，曲线波峰更陡、波峰提前
饱和带（SZ）水平水力传导系数m/s5×10-5越大表示地下水侧向补给越大，曲线整体抬高，后期因累积效应更高
 垂直水力传导系数m/s5×10-6越大表示地下水垂向排泄越大，曲线轻微下移
 排水时间常数1/s1.8×10-7越大表示排水速度越快，波峰后曲线下降变快
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668267307016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627663297057442, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Scenario setting

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案耗水量沟道工况
A多年平均：1.90×108 m3现状工况：沟深2 m，糙率0.033 0
B多年平均：1.90×108 m3提升改造：沟深3~3.5 m，糙率0.027 5
C节水10%：1.71×108 m3提升改造：沟深3~3.5 m，糙率0.027 5
D节水20%：1.52×108 m3提升改造：沟深3~3.5 m，糙率0.027 5
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668359581709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627663297057442, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

情景方案设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案耗水量沟道工况
A多年平均：1.90×108 m3现状工况：沟深2 m，糙率0.033 0
B多年平均：1.90×108 m3提升改造：沟深3~3.5 m，糙率0.027 5
C节水10%：1.71×108 m3提升改造：沟深3~3.5 m，糙率0.027 5
D节水20%：1.52×108 m3提升改造：沟深3~3.5 m，糙率0.027 5
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668439273490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627663297057442, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Hydrologic model simulation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月合计
A10.727.248.8229.7443.4555.0829.7772.0639.1456.8458.3348.24 820.8
B11.631.252.9238.4452.5581.4876.4839.7677.9490.0479.9349.35 083.1
C11.631.252.9221.8421.4527.0825.7740.4652.2458.5458.4343.04 745.8
D11.631.252.9211.2403.6500.7809.3601.4637.6447.6447.5243.84 399.8
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668539936793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627663297057442, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

水文模型模拟结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案1月2月3月4月5月6月7月8月9月10月11月12月合计
A10.727.248.8229.7443.4555.0829.7772.0639.1456.8458.3348.24 820.8
B11.631.252.9238.4452.5581.4876.4839.7677.9490.0479.9349.35 083.1
C11.631.252.9221.8421.4527.0825.7740.4652.2458.5458.4343.04 745.8
D11.631.252.9211.2403.6500.7809.3601.4637.6447.6447.5243.84 399.8
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668632211489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627663297057442, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Displacement prediction and water availability results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案排水量/104 m3模型偏差/%排水量选取/104 m3可利用量/104 m3
水文模型水均衡法引排比法平均值
A4 8214 9204 9974 913-1.874 8214 339
B5 0834 9205 2755 093-0.194 9204 428
C4 7464 5084 7474 6671.694 5084 057
D4 4004 0954 2194 2383.824 0953 686
), ArticleFig(id=1207627669001310255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627663297057442, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

排水量预测及可利用水量结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案排水量/104 m3模型偏差/%排水量选取/104 m3可利用量/104 m3
水文模型水均衡法引排比法平均值
A4 8214 9204 9974 913-1.874 8214 339
B5 0834 9205 2755 093-0.194 9204 428
C4 7464 5084 7474 6671.694 5084 057
D4 4004 0954 2194 2383.824 0953 686
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基于MIKE SHE模型的灌区排水量模拟及可利用量研究
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张翔宇 1 , 宋瑞明 2 , 韩金旭 1 , 刘姝芳 1 , 李强坤 1
水电能源科学 | 水文水资源与环境 2025,43(9): 34-37
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水电能源科学 | 水文水资源与环境 2025, 43(9): 34-37
基于MIKE SHE模型的灌区排水量模拟及可利用量研究
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张翔宇1 , 宋瑞明2, 韩金旭1, 刘姝芳1, 李强坤1
作者信息
  • 1.黄河水利科学研究院，河南 郑州 450003
  • 2.黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司，河南 郑州 450003

    • 张翔宇（1991-），男，硕士、工程师，研究方向为水资源规划与管理，E-mail：

Simulation and Utilizable Volume Study of Irrigation District Drainage Based on MIKE SHE Model
Xiang-yu ZHANG1 , Rui-ming SONG2, Jin-xu HAN1, Shu-fang LIU1, Qiang-kun LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China
  • 2.Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241498
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摘要
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灌区排水是农业灌溉不可避免的伴生过程，普遍存在于我国西北地区的灌溉农田，由于水质较差，若重新退回河道，将对流域水生态环境造成威胁。为此，以杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区为例，构建了MIKE SHE分布式水文模型，模拟预测灌区排水量及可利用量，同时利用水均衡法、引排比法等方法与水文模型模拟结果进行交叉校核。结果表明，现状排水系统工况下，多年平均排水量4 821×104 m3，可利用量4 339×104 m3；排水系统提升改造后，多年平均排水量4 920×104 m3，可利用量4 428×104 m3。各方法排水量预测结果略有出入，但总体相差不大，MIKE SHE水文模型模拟结果与平均值偏差控制在±4%以内，而验证期模拟排水相对误差为3.7%，可见MIKE SHE水文模型在灌区排水过程模拟中效果较好，可为灌区排水资源化利用提供参考借鉴。

MIKE SHE模型  /  灌溉排水  /  资源化利用  /  引黄灌区

Irrigation drainage is an inevitable accompanying process in agricultural irrigation, widely present in the irrigated farmlands of the northwest region of China. Due to poor water quality, if it is returned to the river channels, it will pose a threat to the water ecological environment of the basin. Taking the Huanghe South Bank Irrigation District in Hangjin Banner as the research object, a MIKE SHE distributed hydrological model was established to predict the drainage volume and available volume of the irrigation district. Cross-checking was conducted with the simulation results of hydrological models by using the water equilibrium method and the ratio of diversion to drainage method. The results show that under the current drainage system conditions, the multi-year average drainage volume is 48.21 million m3, and the available volume is 43.39 million m3; After the drainage system is upgraded and transformed, the multi-year average drainage volume is 49.20 million m3, and the available volume is 44.28 million m3. The drainage volume prediction results of each method vary slightly, but the overall difference is not significant. The simulation results by MIKE SHE's hydrological model and the average deviation is controlled within ±4%, while the relative error of the simulated drainage during the verification period is 3.7%. The MIKE SHE hydrological model performs well in simulating the drainage process of the irrigation district, which can provide reference for the resource utilization of irrigation district drainage.

MIKE SHE model  /  irrigation and drainage  /  resource utilization  /  Yellow River irrigation area
张翔宇, 宋瑞明, 韩金旭, 刘姝芳, 李强坤. 基于MIKE SHE模型的灌区排水量模拟及可利用量研究. 水电能源科学, 2025 , 43 (9) : 34 -37 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241498
Xiang-yu ZHANG, Rui-ming SONG, Jin-xu HAN, Shu-fang LIU, Qiang-kun LI. Simulation and Utilizable Volume Study of Irrigation District Drainage Based on MIKE SHE Model[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2025 , 43 (9) : 34 -37 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241498
正文
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1 概况
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杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区位于内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市西北部，处于黄河冲洪积平原，灌区沿黄河东西长约170 km，南北宽5~10 km（图1）。灌区以自流灌溉为主，由黄河三盛公水利枢纽南干渠引水闸引水灌溉，灌溉面积2.8×104 ha。杭锦旗所在的鄂尔多斯市煤、气等矿产资源丰富，水资源禀赋极差，黄河干支流水指标已经耗尽，矿藏开发与水资源供给矛盾突出，水资源条件已成为限制当地经济社会发展的主要瓶颈。由于受南部台地稳定的补给边界和北部黄河的共同影响，灌区地下水长期维持在相对稳定的高水位状态，地下水埋深过浅造成了土壤盐碱化，沿黄一线及排水不畅地区农田渍害严重，必须通过排水控制地下水位，确保农业生产安全。现状灌区排水经各级支沟收集至总排干沟，通过泵站排入黄河干流，对区域水生态环境带来了隐患。灌区排水是灌区水循环的一个重要环节，受到农田灌溉、降雨蒸发、地下水补给排泄、作物生长等自然及人为因素的综合影响，复杂多变，很难准确给出其数量及过程[1-2]。同时由于排水经过了灌区循环，导致其水质较差，若将该部分水得到有效利用[3]，既可缓解干旱地区“水荒”问题，也能给灌区健康发展保驾护航[4]。为此，本文以鄂尔多斯市杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区为例，构建了MIKE SHE分布式水文模型，模拟预测灌区在不同工程措施条件下、不同节水水平下的排水水量，计算分析不同条件下灌区排水的可利用水量，同时利用水均衡法、引排比法等方法与水文模型模拟结果进行交叉校核。研究结果为排水资源化利用提供基础支撑，助力于缓解水资源供需矛盾。
2 水文模型模拟
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2.1 MIKE SHE水文模型
构建灌区水文模型是研究排水过程及提高灌溉水利用效率的基础与关键，MIKE SHE分布式水文模型是一个能够完整模型水文循环过程的分布式水文系统模型，已在灌区水文循环过程模拟中得到了较为广泛的应用[5-7]。MIKE SHE主要包括坡面流（OL）、河流和湖泊（OC）、蒸散发（ET）、不饱和带（UZ）与饱和带（SZ）等5个模块[8]。
结合灌区水循环特点，搭建水文模型数据库，主要包括模型范围及地表高程、坡面流数据、土地利用类型分布、气象数据、灌溉数据、排干沟设置、土壤数据、含水层状况等方面的基础数据及参数，详细建模过程见文献[9]。MIKE SHE模型的模拟时间步长为24 h，耦合的MIKE11河水动力模型模拟时间步长为10 min，空间网格大小选取500 m×500 m，相关设置完成后导入水文模型数据库各类型文件设置相关参数。经过模型参数调整率定，验证期相关系数（R）达到0.773，均方根误差（RRMSE）为0.729，纳什效率系数（E）为0.551，年排水量相对误差为3.7%，模型精度达到了较高水平[10]。在模型率定过程中，针对主要水文参数设置了虚拟试验，从不同方向调整参数后，观察排水模拟结果曲线，汇总分析各参数对模拟结果的影响解释，为MIKE SHE水文模型在排水过程模拟方面提供参考借鉴。率定后的模型参数及水文参数对模拟结果的影响解释见表1。
2.2 情景方案设置
基于灌区现状下垫面条件，在多年平均降雨、蒸发情况下，根据排水系统提升改造及灌溉节水要求，模拟设置不同情景方案，采用构建的MIKE SHE模型模拟预测不同方案下的排水量。
2.2.1 排水系统改造
现状总排干沟建筑物老化失修，排水不畅问题比较突出，已严重影响到灌区农田排水的正常要求，灌溉水不能及时快速排除。根据总排干沟设计方案，将对总排干沟进行挖深，采用护坡工程对总排干沟进行护坡设计，在现状总排干沟断面淤积的段落进行疏浚，提升改造后总排干沟全长195.8 km。
2.2.2 灌溉节水要求
根据灌区实际耗水量情况，采用1.90×108 m3作为多年平均情况灌区耗水量，另外，考虑未来灌区续建配套和深度节水的持续推进，在多年平均耗水量1.90×108 m3基础上，考虑节水10%及节水20%两个节水方案，分别对应耗水量1.71×108、1.52×108 m3。
2.2.3 情景方案设置
在排水系统提升改造背景下，未来情景模拟采用多年平均降雨及蒸发情况，分别设置多年平均灌溉水量、节水10%及节水20%三种未来情形，另外设置多年平均情况下保持现状沟道方案用于对比分析，对不同节水方案排水量进行模拟，方案设置具体见表2。
其中，方案A与方案B为对比方案，为了对比分析沟道提升改造前后灌区排水量；方案B、C、D为对比方案，为了对比分析未来不同节水强度情形下灌区排水量的变化。
2.3 模拟预测
采用已经率定验证完成的MIKE SHE模型进行预测，该模型包含了灌区的水文参数及模块信息，但针对情景方案模拟时河流和湖泊（OC）模块、蒸散发（ET）模块需要进行修改，其他模块信息与验证阶段保持一致，模拟预测阶段各模块信息如下。
（1）河流和湖泊（OC）模块。MIKE 11水动力模型中河道断面数据及水动力参数应针对改造情况进行修改。
（2）蒸散发（ET）模块。气象资料采用临河站气象数据，主要有风速、降水、气温、日照时数和相对湿度等数据，首先计算得到多年平均降雨量，之后利用Penman-Monteith公式，根据气象数据计算参考作物蒸发蒸腾量ET0：
式中，Δ为饱和水汽压斜率，%；Rn为净辐射，MJ；G为土壤的热通量，MJ/（m2·d-1）；γ为干湿常数，kPa/℃；T为平均温度，℃；u2为风速，m/s；es为平均饱和水汽压，kPa；ea为实际水汽压，kPa。
灌溉耗水与作物需水需要做出更改，灌溉耗水根据情景方案选取不同输入项，作物需水仍采用自定义方法，作物生育期保持现状，以参考作物蒸散发量与作物各生长阶段作物系数（Kc）的乘积作为作物需水量。
（3）坡面流（OL）模块。坡面流用来计算地表坡面漫流流向河道的水量，输入参数分别为曼宁系数10、滞蓄水深500 mm、初始地表水深0 m。
（4）不饱和带（UZ）模块。模型采用两层水量平衡法（2 Layer UZ）模拟，模型范围内的土壤类型分为砂质壤土、砂质粘壤土、粘壤土3种主要类型。
（5）饱和带（SZ）模块。需要定义地质层和数值层，地质层包括各地层的属性，数值层包括地下水位初始条件和边界条件。
利用以上情景模拟模型，得到各方案逐月排水量结果见表3。
3 结果与分析
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3.1 排水量复核
采用水均衡法[11]、引排比法等方法，结合情景方案，分别预测分析灌区排水规模，其目的是与水文模型模拟结果进行交叉校核，以提高排水量的可靠性。
3.1.1 水均衡法
灌区含水层地下水流向总体是由南向北，主要接受灌溉、大气降水及邻区侧向补给，排泄主要以蒸发为主，其次在高水位期向黄河排泄，补给黄河水。灌区地下水平衡系统的补给项包括降雨补给、灌溉入渗补给、侧向补给量等；排泄项包括潜水蒸发、侧向排泄、地下水人工开采及灌区排水等[12]。根据分析，灌区地下水均衡方程可表示为：
式中，ΔW为地下水蓄变量；WP为降雨量补给量；WI为灌溉入渗补给量；WB为侧向补给量；WE为潜水蒸散发量；WX为侧向排泄量；WK为地下水开采量；WO为排水量，单位均为104 m3。
灌区排水主要目标是维持地下水合理埋深，灌排均衡下限目标是灌区地下水水位维持稳定，在此以灌区地下水蓄变量为0作为控制目标，即在维持地下水位不再上升前提下灌区至少应排出的灌溉排水。式（2）中所有分项可通过查阅当地水文地质勘察成果或简单计算得到，如此可计算得到式（2）右侧最后一项的灌区排水量。
3.1.2 引排比法
引排比可反映灌区灌排比例情况，根据灌区实际引、排水情况可得到的灌区引排比β，由于灌溉退水未进入田间，不参与灌区水循环过程，因此灌区引排比β=耗水量/排水量。引排比受灌区排水系统工程建设及运行情况影响，一般来说呈稳定变化趋势。根据灌区实际引排比，考虑未来排水系统工程提升改造，在此引排比定为3.6。
3.2 可利用量
根据MIKE SHE模型模拟结果及水均衡法和引排比法计算结果，各方法计算结果汇总对比见表4。
由表4可知，各方法排水量预测结果略有出入，但总体相差不大，从偏于供水安全角度考虑，采用各种方法中的最小值作为选取的灌区排水量。对于可利用量，考虑到灌区排水以抽排为主，排水量和排水过程受到人为影响较大，运管不善或排水不及时均可能影响最终的水量，在利用过程应给予一定的安全富裕，本文对排水量取折减系数0.9。因此，方案A、B、C、D可利用量分别为4 339×104、4 428×104、4 057×104、3 686×104 m3。
3.3 结果分析
（1）各方法预测排水量结果与平均值的偏差控制在±4%以内，认为各方法预测结果及平均值较为可靠；MIKE SHE水文模型模拟结果与平均值的偏差控制在±4%以内，而验证期模型模拟排水量相对误差为3.7%，表明所构建模型在模拟杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区排水量方面表现较好，可应用于灌区排水过程及排水量预测工作。
（2）所构建MIKE SHE模型验证期逐日排水过程相关系数（R）达到0.773，均方根误差（RRMSE）为0.729，表明水文模型模拟的排水过程与实际排水过程有较高的拟合程度，在年排水量确定的基础上，可将MIKE SHE模型模拟结果作为典型排水过程，利用同倍比法对典型排水过程进行“缩放”，可用于模拟预测不同情境下的排水过程。
4 结论
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a. 本文以杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区为例，构建了MIKE SHE分布式水文模型，模拟预测灌区排水量及可利用量，同时利用水均衡法、引排比法等方法与水文模型模拟结果进行交叉校核，最大程度地减小了结果误差，考虑折减系数后计算得到排水可利用量，最终得到的可利用水量是可靠的，可作为灌区排水资源化利用的成果支撑。
b. 灌区排水经净化改善后，纳入区域水资源调配管理体系，可用于区域内生态补水、工业生产和市政杂用等，但在排水量预测及可利用量计算的基础上，真正实现排水资源化利用仍面临两个问题。首先，不同行业用水保证率要求不一致，如何衔接农业用水保证率与各行业用水保证率的问题有待研究解决；其次，灌区排水含有大量的氮、磷等营养物质，水质再利用适宜性及针对性的净化方式也有待研究探讨。基于“引水灌溉-排水收集-沟塘净化（调蓄）-优化配置-水权再分配”过程的灌区排水资源化利用模式，将是未来农业领域污水资源化利用研究的重点工作。
基金
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  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(HKY-JBYW-2024-06)
  • 国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3206701)
文献
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翟家齐, 赵勇, 刘宽, 等. 干旱区灌溉绿洲农业节水潜力形成机制与评估方法[J]. 水利学报, 2023, 54(12): 1440-1451.
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2025年第43卷第9期
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文章信息
doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241498
  • 接收时间：2024-08-08
  • 首发时间：2025-12-16
  • 出版时间：2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-08-08
  • 修回日期：2024-12-02
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(HKY-JBYW-2024-06)
国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3206701)
作者信息
    1.黄河水利科学研究院，河南 郑州 450003
    2.黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司，河南 郑州 450003
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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