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Article(id=1207627660746924144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1729785600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-25, revisedDate=1732377600000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765850470959, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765850470959, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765850470959, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765850470959, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207271180105499439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765765479351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765681303, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=6, endPage=10, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207627661006971001, articleId=1207627660746924144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, language=EN, title=Application of Dual-probe H-ADCP in Counter-directional Combination of Wide and Shallow River Sections Under Complex Working Conditions, columnId=null, journalTitle=Water Resources and Power, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to solve the real-time online flow monitoring under complex conditions of wide and shallow river sections, based on the applicability of conventional online flow measuring equipment, the combined application of two-way probe H-ADCP facing each other was proposed. Taking the Gaogang Water Conservancy Project at the source of water intake of the East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project as an example, the whole process of numerical simulation of river sections, flow field analysis, equipment installation, comparison measurement setting and other aspects were carried out applied research. The results show that the change of flow field in the flow measuring reach is complicated under different operation conditions of the control hub gate pump. The dual probe H-ADCP can be installed at the same section and the same height, and the ultrasonic beam crossing will not affect the collection of effective unit velocity data. The relationship between the double index velocity and the average velocity of the section can be established to calculate the real-time flow, and the accuracy of the combined applied flow measurement is higher than that of the single H-ADCP flow measurement data. The research results form a set of real-time flow monitoring application methods under complex conditions of wide and shallow rivers, which can provide ideas for the combined use of online flow measuring equipment.

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为解决宽浅河道断面复杂工况下的流量实时在线监测问题，基于常规在线测流设备适用性，提出双探头H-ADCP相向组合式应用，以南水北调东线取水源头高港水利枢纽为例，从河道断面数值模拟、流场分析、设备安装、比测设置等方面全过程开展应用研究。结果表明，测流河段在控制枢纽闸泵不同调度工况下流场复杂变化，双探头H-ADCP可安装在同一断面同一高度，超声波束相向交叉不会影响有效单元流速数据采集，可建立双指标流速与断面平均流速的关系推算实时流量，组合式应用测流流量精度高于单个H-ADCP测流数据精度，研究成果形成一套宽浅河道复杂工况下实时流量监测应用方法，可为在线测流设备组合性使用提供思路。

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钱睿智（1987-），男，高级工程师，研究方向为水文分析计算和水文情报预报，E-mail：

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钱睿智（1987-），男，高级工程师，研究方向为水文分析计算和水文情报预报，E-mail：

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钱睿智（1987-），男，高级工程师，研究方向为水文分析计算和水文情报预报，E-mail：

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ADCP在感潮水文站的使用[J]. 水利信息化, 2011(1): 40-43, 54., articleTitle=ADCP在感潮水文站的使用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207627670133776999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627660746924144, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=45, issue=9, pageStart=51, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=王若晨, 张国学, 闫金波, journalName=人民长江, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王若晨, 张国学, 闫金波. 水利工程调度影响下流量在线监测技术应用研究[J]. 人民长江, 2014, 45(9): 51-54., articleTitle=水利工程调度影响下流量在线监测技术应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207627670226051692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627660746924144, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=185, pageEnd=188, 210, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=舒凯, 杨金标, 张后来, journalName=水电能源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=舒凯, 杨金标, 张后来. 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207627667914990063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627660746924144, language=CN, label=图5, caption=H-ADCP安装位置示意图, figureFileSmall=/jIvrWX6nqJadhCWolU5jA==, figureFileBig=jI3zWjl/GrOZf01T/Aihzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207627668028236280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627660746924144, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Elevation analysis of H-ADCP installation at Gaogang Station

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水位特征值水位/m河底高程/m水深/m相对水深仪器安装高程/mADCP安装夹角/（°）ADCP测验河宽/m固定安装高程/m固定安装高程相对水深/m
最低水位0.66-6.06.660.6-3.3422.5180-2.00.40
常水位1.40-6.07.400.6-3.0422.5180-2.00.46
最高水位2.78-6.08.780.6-2.4922.5180-2.00.54
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668116316670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627660746924144, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

高港站H-ADCP安装高程分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水位特征值水位/m河底高程/m水深/m相对水深仪器安装高程/mADCP安装夹角/（°）ADCP测验河宽/m固定安装高程/m固定安装高程相对水深/m
最低水位0.66-6.06.660.6-3.3422.5180-2.00.40
常水位1.40-6.07.400.6-3.0422.5180-2.00.46
最高水位2.78-6.08.780.6-2.4922.5180-2.00.54
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668212785667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627660746924144, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison and analysis of system flow measurement data under different working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况测时平均水位/m左岸HADCP单独计算流量右岸HADCP单独计算流量双HADCP组合式计算流量泵站开机流量走航式ADCP测流流量备注
12.30416408445 433节制闸引水
2      该工况暂无
30.89179186208210215泵站抽排水
), ArticleFig(id=1207627668380557832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627660746924144, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同工况下系统测流数据比对分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况测时平均水位/m左岸HADCP单独计算流量右岸HADCP单独计算流量双HADCP组合式计算流量泵站开机流量走航式ADCP测流流量备注
12.30416408445 433节制闸引水
2      该工况暂无
30.89179186208210215泵站抽排水
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双探头H-ADCP在宽浅河道断面复杂工况下实时流量监测的相向组合式应用
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钱睿智 1 , 傅国圣 1 , 王江 2 , 张艺铭 1 , 张彩云 1
水电能源科学 | 水文水资源与环境 2025,43(9): 6-10
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水电能源科学 | 水文水资源与环境 2025, 43(9): 6-10
双探头H-ADCP在宽浅河道断面复杂工况下实时流量监测的相向组合式应用
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钱睿智1 , 傅国圣1, 王江2, 张艺铭1, 张彩云1
作者信息
  • 1.江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局，江苏 泰州 225300
  • 2.江苏省江都水利工程管理处，江苏 扬州 225000

    • 钱睿智（1987-），男，高级工程师，研究方向为水文分析计算和水文情报预报，E-mail：

Application of Dual-probe H-ADCP in Counter-directional Combination of Wide and Shallow River Sections Under Complex Working Conditions
Rui-zhi QIAN1 , Guo-sheng FU1, Jiang WANG2, Yi-ming ZHANG1, Cai-yun ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Taizhou Bureau Jiangsu Province, Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Investigation Burea, Taizhou 225300, China
  • 2.Jiangsu Jiangdu Water Conservancy Project Management Office, Yangzhou 225000, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242007
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摘要
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为解决宽浅河道断面复杂工况下的流量实时在线监测问题，基于常规在线测流设备适用性，提出双探头H-ADCP相向组合式应用，以南水北调东线取水源头高港水利枢纽为例，从河道断面数值模拟、流场分析、设备安装、比测设置等方面全过程开展应用研究。结果表明，测流河段在控制枢纽闸泵不同调度工况下流场复杂变化，双探头H-ADCP可安装在同一断面同一高度，超声波束相向交叉不会影响有效单元流速数据采集，可建立双指标流速与断面平均流速的关系推算实时流量，组合式应用测流流量精度高于单个H-ADCP测流数据精度，研究成果形成一套宽浅河道复杂工况下实时流量监测应用方法，可为在线测流设备组合性使用提供思路。

H-ADCP  /  双指标流速  /  宽浅河道  /  流量在线监测  /  高港水利枢纽

In order to solve the real-time online flow monitoring under complex conditions of wide and shallow river sections, based on the applicability of conventional online flow measuring equipment, the combined application of two-way probe H-ADCP facing each other was proposed. Taking the Gaogang Water Conservancy Project at the source of water intake of the East Route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project as an example, the whole process of numerical simulation of river sections, flow field analysis, equipment installation, comparison measurement setting and other aspects were carried out applied research. The results show that the change of flow field in the flow measuring reach is complicated under different operation conditions of the control hub gate pump. The dual probe H-ADCP can be installed at the same section and the same height, and the ultrasonic beam crossing will not affect the collection of effective unit velocity data. The relationship between the double index velocity and the average velocity of the section can be established to calculate the real-time flow, and the accuracy of the combined applied flow measurement is higher than that of the single H-ADCP flow measurement data. The research results form a set of real-time flow monitoring application methods under complex conditions of wide and shallow rivers, which can provide ideas for the combined use of online flow measuring equipment.

H-ADCP  /  double index flow rate  /  wide and shallow river  /  on-line flow monitoring  /  Gaogang Water Conservancy Project
钱睿智, 傅国圣, 王江, 张艺铭, 张彩云. 双探头H-ADCP在宽浅河道断面复杂工况下实时流量监测的相向组合式应用. 水电能源科学, 2025 , 43 (9) : 6 -10 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242007
Rui-zhi QIAN, Guo-sheng FU, Jiang WANG, Yi-ming ZHANG, Cai-yun ZHANG. Application of Dual-probe H-ADCP in Counter-directional Combination of Wide and Shallow River Sections Under Complex Working Conditions[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2025 , 43 (9) : 6 -10 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242007
正文
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1 引言
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河流流量是最为重要的水文要素之一，在线流量监测的不断推进极大提高了测流效率，是实现智慧水利的重要保障[1]。近年来，相关研究较多，不同方法（如垂向式ADCP、水平式ADCP、侧扫雷达、超声波时差法等）适用范围存在一定差异[2-5]。根据复杂河势需求，前端流速采集系统可采用组合方法，如由非接触式雷达波和接触式水平ADCP组合形成的测速系统在变动回水断面的在线流量监测精度优于独立计算的在线流量精度[6]；在感潮河段，相较于单一的ADCP在线测流系统，组合式ADCP（垂向ADCP和水平ADCP）具有抗干扰能力强和精度高的优势[7]；而双水平式ADCP同向组合则适用于流量急剧变化的河道[8]。对于复杂工况的宽浅河道主泓随着不同工情发生偏移，单一的H-ADCP受量程限制无法全覆盖河道主泓，指标流速不能有效代表全断面平均流速；此外，由于宽浅河道表面流速小，非接触式雷达波采集表面流速不能有效代表垂线流速；双探头同向H-ADCP需在河道断面中间布设安装桩，影响水域管理。鉴此，在河道两岸各布设一个H-ADCP探头，以南水北调东线取水源头高港水利枢纽为例，提出双探头H-ADCP组合式应用使用论证方法，形成一种复杂工况下实时流量监测应用，为在线测流设备的组合使用提供了思路。
2 双探头H-ADCP在宽浅河道断面复杂工况下实时流量监测的相向组合式应用
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泰州引江河高港水利枢纽是江苏东引灌区南水北调东线工程的源头。该工程有两项主要作用，一是与新通扬运河形成引水分流格局，从东引灌区和沿岸滩涂引进长江水源和提供灌溉用水，以及输水北调直接提供部分水源[9]；二是通过新通扬运河、三阳河、潼河，宝应站作为将长江水抽入大运河北送的南水北调东线补水闸口[10]。泰州引江河还有三个结合功能，一是结合里下河腹部洼地排涝，在里下河腹部洼地出现洪涝时，可利用高港枢纽泵站反向抽排涝水300 m3/s下泄入长江[11]；二是结合形成一条从长江到里下河、通榆河的三级航道；三是结合提高通南高沙土地区的灌排标准，通过高港枢纽泵站还可兼顾向通南2 000 km2高沙土地区供水100 m3/s，还可为通南地区提供排涝服务。
高港水利枢纽距长江1.9 km，由船闸、节制闸、泵站、送水闸等组成[12]；泵站9台套能抽引、抽排双向运用总抽水能力300 m3/s；节制闸共5孔，设计流量440 m3/s，加上泵站底层流道过水能力160 m3/s，高港枢纽总引水能力600 m3/s[11]。
为掌握高港水利枢纽不同工情调度条件下的在线测流流量，从河道断面数值模拟、流场分析、设备安装、比测设置等方面在此河段开展双探头H-ADCP组合式应用研究。
2.1 测流断面数值模拟
根据引江河高港水利枢纽处水利工程和河道平面布置，为尽可能减少船闸用水对流量测验的影响，拟将测流断面设置于右侧输水河段内，根据地形图资料进行二维建模（图1），上边界为开边界至隔堤头部，以水位控制，下边界为水工建筑物闸泵控制，分不同工况设置输入（输出）流量；建模河段东西宽约160~200 m，南北长约900 m，水深4.0~10.0 m；从地形数值模拟可知，由于受水流冲击影响，闸泵上游250~550 m处，存在一明显深槽，较正常河底深2.0~3.0 m，近上边界航道和输水河道交界处，受变动回水影响，存在一深槽，较正常河底深0.5~1.0 m。据此，在河道内闸泵上游550、600、650 m处分设三个横断面开展断面测量验证（图2），从闸泵上游600 m处往上断面较为规整，不受水流对河槽冲击的影响。
2.2 H-ADCP测流断面位置流场分析
高港枢纽常规有3种工况，即节制闸开闸引水泵站关（工况1）、节制闸关泵站抽引江水（工况2）、节制闸关泵站抽排涝水（工况3）。根据不同工况的实测水位流量资料开展流场分析，见图3。工况1条件下，节制闸引水入流紊流区偏河道左侧，0.6 m/s流速以上的水流影响约350 m，再往上水流较为稳定集中于河道中泓；工况2条件下，泵站抽引江水，紊流区偏右侧位于泵站所在处，影响范围约300 m，抽引水流较为稳定集中于河道中泓；工况3条件下，泵站抽排涝水，紊流区偏右侧位于泵站所在处，影响范围约100 m，抽排水流也较为稳定集中于河道中泓；从各工况条件下的水流流场模拟情况看，拟布设测流仪器闸泵上游600~650 m处的水流主要集中于河道断面40~ 150 m之间。
根据走航式ADCP在断面600 m处的测流结果（图4）分析可知，工况1引水泵站关节制闸开闸引水170~384 m3/s，主流基本集中在40~ 140 m之间；工况2节制闸关泵站抽引江水211~ 248 m3/s，主流基本集中在40~130 m之间；工况3节制闸关泵站抽排涝水223~349 m3/s，主流基本集中在40~130 m之间。
横向式ADCP通用有300、600、1 200 kHz三种，假设H-ADCP中心安装高程在一半水深处，根据换能器直径和声束开角，300 kHZ最大量程约为300 m，所需河道水深12 m；600 kHz最大量程约为90 m，所需河道水深3 m；1 200 kHz最大量程约为25 m，所需河道水深1 m。考虑到河道主泓宽度和可从岸边假设栈桥的长度，多数河道可从偏主泓一岸安装单个H-ADCP开展实时流量监测，根据流场分析，对于引江河断面单个H-ADCP不能满足代表单元的流速选取，得不到准确的流量，因此从河道两岸各安装1个H-ADCP，双向采集数据流速数据组合式实时监测流量。
3 设备安装分析
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高港水利枢纽双探头H-ADCP组合式应用测流系统仪器的测速范围为±5 m/s（最大流速±20 m/s），主要配置了太阳能供电系统、H-ADCP测流系统、数据传输系统、接地防雷系统等，负责实时采集、上传测流断面的流量、水位数据。
测流系统安装断面处水面宽约180 m，中泓处宽约120 m，河底高程约-6.0 m，历史最低水位0.66 m（2005年），H-ADCP探头安装位置分析时，需考虑出现不同水位时，使探头能够保持在水下一定相对水深的位置，综合考虑现状及规划调度方案，测流断面最低水位特征值采用0.66 m来分析ADCP安装高程参数。
由表1可知，高港站双探头H-ADCP采用相对水深0.6分析，该站综合考虑将ADCP安装高度放置-2.0 m处，在此安装高程下，可以使ADCP测流时的相对水深保持在0.40~0.54之间，能满足流量测验要求。
高港站双探头H-ADCP安装高程-2.0 m，探头安装起点距分别位于40、155 m处，垂直于河道主流线，分别安装在两岸，由于两岸河底高程0 m处均存在20 m左右的平台，可从河道两岸建设栈桥至平台边缘，栈桥和河坡相连长约35 m，以栈桥做支撑，在栈桥前段各配置1套ADCP安装支架，水下倾斜安装，将ADCP探头保持在河底高程-2.0 m位置测流，见图5。
4 设备比测分析
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4.1 设备比测设置
H-ADCP利用多普勒频移原理，向水中发射超声波束，由随水移动的悬浮颗粒反射接收、解算返回波束频率的差别得到瞬时流速和流量[13]；高港站双探头H-ADCP组合式应用测流系统的探头安装在同一断面同一高度，发射的超声波束相向交叉，不同仪器设备波束自发自收，通过设置左岸探头、右岸探头分别单独运行和左右岸探头同时运行的试验，以分析双向探头测流是否有干涉影响。
根据7月22日13：30~13：50左岸探头开、右岸探头关，7月22日14：00~14：20左岸探头关、右岸探头开，7月22日14：30~15：00左、右岸探头同时开，这三种情形下的系统实测单元流速分布，两个探头波束测量区间均为90 m，单独运行和同时运行，回波强度信号稳定，均能采集到90个有效单元数流速数据。
单个H-ADCP基于各时刻同一水力因素环境下的指标流速和断面平均流速之间的关系来推算流量[14-15]，对于双探头H-ADCP组合式在线测流系统，需要基于走航式ADCP测流结果，以不同单元流速的组合方案计算指标流速，由于测流断面处河道较为规整对称，两个探头安装位置也在横断面上对称安装相距115 m，根据滤波后的单元流速分布，均选取2~57单元（对应左岸探头起点距42~97 m，右岸探头起点距153~98 m）分别计算指标流速Vcp1、Vcp2，全断面指标流速取二者均值后，与实测断面平均流速建立相关关系式：
式中，为断面平均流速，m/s；a、b均为相关系数；Vcp1为左岸H-ADCP指标流速，m/s；Vcp2为右岸H-ADCP指标流速，m/s。
4.2 比测分析成果
通过对高港闸站走航式ADCP法及H-ADCP法流速测验数据进行合理性分析并进行比测率定，得到左岸探头H-ADCP代表流速与断面平均流速关系、右岸探头H-ADCP代表流速与断面平均流速关系、双探头H-ADCP组合式代表流速与断面平均流速关系：
由式（2）~（4）可知，由于单探头H-ADCP量程不能有效覆盖河道主流，其指标流速小于断面平均流速（系数a小于1），也验证了需要双探头来采集单元流速数据。基于高港水利枢纽闸泵引水和泵站抽排涝水功能，选择2024年度工程运行期8月1日节制闸开闸引水泵站关（工况1）、节闸关泵站抽引江水（工况2，2024年无此工况）、7月22日节制闸关泵站抽排涝水（工况3）各组流量数据对比分析，由表2可知组合式应用测流系统测试期间流量精度高于单个HADCP测流数据。
5 结论
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a. 测流河段在不同工况下流场复杂变化，可通过数值模拟流场分析来选取不受水流对河槽冲击影响的断面测流；根据测流断面信息和主流分布来确定设备安装位置；双探头H-ADCP相向组合式应用测流系统的2个探头可安装在同一断面同一高度，超声波束相向交叉不会影响有效单元流速数据采集；可建立双指标流速与断面平均流速的关系来推算实时流量。
b. 由于系统测试期间测验河道未出现工况2调度情形，且工况1、3样本数较少，需根据不同工况进一步对双探头H-ADCP相向组合式应用测流系统开展流量比测率定，并对其精度进行评定。
基金
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  • 江苏省“333高层次人才培养工程”(2022322002)
  • 江苏省水利科技项目(2024006)
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2025年第43卷第9期
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doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242007
  • 接收时间：2024-10-25
  • 首发时间：2025-12-16
  • 出版时间：2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-10-25
  • 修回日期：2024-11-24
基金
江苏省“333高层次人才培养工程”(2022322002)
江苏省水利科技项目(2024006)
作者信息
    1.江苏省水文水资源勘测局泰州分局，江苏 泰州 225300
    2.江苏省江都水利工程管理处，江苏 扬州 225000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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