Article(id=1207627659140505688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20250582, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1743436800000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-01, revisedDate=1749484800000, revisedDateStr=2025-06-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765850470576, onlineDateStr=2025-12-16, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765850470576, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-16, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765850470576, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765850470576, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207271180105499439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765765479351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765681303, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=20, endPage=24, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207627659400552538, articleId=1207627659140505688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, language=EN, title=Study on Characteristics of Hydrologic and Meteorological Droughts and Responses Mechanism in Leizhou Peninsula, columnId=null, journalTitle=Water Resources and Power, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Leizhou Peninsula exhibits one of the highest incidences of drought within the Pearl River Basin. Research on the characteristics and response mechanisms of meteorological and hydrological droughts in this area holds significant theoretical and practical importance for understanding drought patterns in regions with abundant rainfall yet fragile water resource systems. Based on the monthly meteorological and hydrological data from the representative station in Leizhou Peninsula, the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (ISPEI) and standard runoff index (ISRI) were used to analyze the variation patterns of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in this region from 1970 to 2016. The Mann-Kendall trend test method, moving average method and Morlet wavelet analysis method were adopted to analyze the changing trends and cycles of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in this region at different time scales (3 and 12 months). Propagation characteristics of meteorological drought to hydrological drought were examined using the run-length theory. The results show that the meteorological drought in Leizhou Peninsula is increasing during the study period. Particularly, the 12-month ISPEI obtained from Zhanjiang station and Xuwen station decreased significantly, at the rate of -0.014/month and -0.008/month, respectively. However, no obvious trend of hydrological drought was detected. Both drought types showed multi-scale periodicity, sharing a primary first-order period of 20 years in the north and 14 years in the south. The main cycles of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in the south and north are consistent, and the variation patterns are relatively synchronous. Hydrological drought in the southern peninsula demonstrated stronger responsiveness to meteorological drought than the northern region.

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雷州半岛是珠江流域干旱高发频发区域之一,研究雷州半岛气象与水文干旱变化特征及响应规律对理解降雨丰沛但水资源结构脆弱区域的干旱特征具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于雷州半岛地区代表站的逐月气象、水文数据,利用标准化降水蒸散指数(ISPEI)及标准径流指数(ISRI),分析了该地区1970~2016年间的气象干旱、水文干旱变化规律,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、滑动平均法和Morlet小波分析法,分析该地区不同时间尺度(3、12个月)的气象干旱和水文干旱变化趋势和周期,并以游程理论研究了气象干旱向水文干旱的传播特性。结果表明,研究时段内雷州半岛气象干旱呈现出显著加剧趋势,其中12个月尺度的ISPEI下降趋势显著,湛江站和徐闻站下降速率分别为-0.014、-0.008/月,而水文干旱未出现明显的变化趋势。研究区气象干旱与水文干旱均呈现出多尺度的周期性特征,南、北部的第一主周期分别为14、20年,南、北部气象干旱和水文干旱的主周期一致,变化规律较为同步;相比于雷州半岛北部,南部的水文干旱对气象干旱的响应关系更为密切。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
魏玲娜(1981-),女,副教授,研究方向为水文气象与流域水文模拟,E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=wSUetp4MiaPNe2A7p+3dcw==, magXml=CE1EYC4Pm/mnV/LGZJc1jg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=1m1FFANkwaZIhM3V7oyKPw==, pdfFileSize=2586877, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5UjXQWjLgSt8VlWyg3avFQ==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=ODgDqXhy2aPOxRUS6sry8g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

冯德锃(1986-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为水文水资源,E-mail:

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冯德锃(1986-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为水文水资源,E-mail:

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冯德锃(1986-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为水文水资源,E-mail:

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Drought classification

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指数值指数值干旱等级
ISPEI≥-0.5ISRI≥-0.5无旱
-1≤ISPEI<-0.5-1≤ISRI<-0.5轻旱
-1.5≤ISPEI<-1-1.5≤ISRI<-1中旱
-2≤ISPEI<-1.5-2≤ISRI<-1.5重旱
ISPEI<-2ISRI<-2特旱
), ArticleFig(id=1207627665138360650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627659140505688, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

干旱等级划分

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指数值指数值干旱等级
ISPEI≥-0.5ISRI≥-0.5无旱
-1≤ISPEI<-0.5-1≤ISRI<-0.5轻旱
-1.5≤ISPEI<-1-1.5≤ISRI<-1中旱
-2≤ISPEI<-1.5-2≤ISRI<-1.5重旱
ISPEI<-2ISRI<-2特旱
), ArticleFig(id=1207627665218052432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627659140505688, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Statistics of meteorological and hydrologic drought identification results

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项目南部北部
气象干旱水文干旱气象干旱水文干旱
频率/(次·年-10.770.810.810.45
历时/月4.804.103.708.00
月均干旱烈度-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.00
干旱强度-1.30-1.40-1.50-1.30
), ArticleFig(id=1207627665318715735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627659140505688, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

气象干旱与水文干旱识别成果统计

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项目南部北部
气象干旱水文干旱气象干旱水文干旱
频率/(次·年-10.770.810.810.45
历时/月4.804.103.708.00
月均干旱烈度-1.10-1.10-1.10-1.00
干旱强度-1.30-1.40-1.50-1.30
), ArticleFig(id=1207627665398407517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627659140505688, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Events identified by meteorological drought index

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序号开始时间结束时间干旱历时/月干旱烈度干旱强度
11970年5月1970年7月2-1.9-1.3
21971年1月1971年2月2-4.9-2.8
31971年8月1971年9月2-2.0-1.1
41972年1月1972年2月2-1.8-1.3
51973年1月1973年2月2-1.5-0.8
61973年10月1974年1月4-2.7-1.2
71975年7月1976年1月7-6.8-1.8
81977年1月1977年7月7-7.3-2.0
91979年9月1979年11月3-3.8-1.7
101980年2月1980年3月2-1.7-1.1
312002年1月2002年3月3-3.6-1.9
322003年8月2003年12月5-7.1-2.1
332004年4月2005年5月14-16.4-1.7
342005年10月2005年12月3-3.4-1.4
352006年4月2006年9月6-5.0-1.0
362011年2月2011年4月3-2.5-0.9
372014年1月2014年3月3-3.2-1.4
382015年1月2015年7月7-11.6-2.2
), ArticleFig(id=1207627665536819556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207627659140505688, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

湛江站气象干旱事件识别成果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号开始时间结束时间干旱历时/月干旱烈度干旱强度
11970年5月1970年7月2-1.9-1.3
21971年1月1971年2月2-4.9-2.8
31971年8月1971年9月2-2.0-1.1
41972年1月1972年2月2-1.8-1.3
51973年1月1973年2月2-1.5-0.8
61973年10月1974年1月4-2.7-1.2
71975年7月1976年1月7-6.8-1.8
81977年1月1977年7月7-7.3-2.0
91979年9月1979年11月3-3.8-1.7
101980年2月1980年3月2-1.7-1.1
312002年1月2002年3月3-3.6-1.9
322003年8月2003年12月5-7.1-2.1
332004年4月2005年5月14-16.4-1.7
342005年10月2005年12月3-3.4-1.4
352006年4月2006年9月6-5.0-1.0
362011年2月2011年4月3-2.5-0.9
372014年1月2014年3月3-3.2-1.4
382015年1月2015年7月7-11.6-2.2
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雷州半岛气象干旱与水文干旱变化特征及响应规律研究
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冯德锃 1 , 孙静静 2 , 彭莹 1 , 郑晶华 1 , 王斌 3 , 魏玲娜 4a, 4b
水电能源科学 | 水文水资源与环境 2025,43(9): 20-24
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水电能源科学 | 水文水资源与环境 2025, 43(9): 20-24
雷州半岛气象干旱与水文干旱变化特征及响应规律研究
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冯德锃1 , 孙静静2, 彭莹1, 郑晶华1, 王斌3, 魏玲娜4a, 4b
作者信息
  • 1.中水珠江规划勘测设计有限公司,广东 广州 510000
  • 2.山东省水利科学研究院,山东 济南 250014
  • 3.珠江水利科学研究院,广东 广州 510000
  • 4a.南京信息工程大学 水利部水文气象灾害机理与预警重点实验室,江苏 南京 210044
  • 4b.南京信息工程大学 水文与水资源工程学院,江苏 南京 210044
  • 冯德锃(1986-),男,高级工程师,研究方向为水文水资源,E-mail:

通讯作者:

魏玲娜(1981-),女,副教授,研究方向为水文气象与流域水文模拟,E-mail:
Study on Characteristics of Hydrologic and Meteorological Droughts and Responses Mechanism in Leizhou Peninsula
De-zeng FENG1 , Jing-jing SUN2, Ying PENG1, Jing-hua ZHENG1, Bin WANG3, Ling-na WEI4a, 4b
Affiliations
  • 1.China Water Resources Pearl River Planning, Surveying & Designing Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
  • 2.Water Resources Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan 250014, China
  • 3.Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Guangzhou 510000, China
  • 4a.Key Laboratory of Hydro-Meteorological Disasters Mechanism and Warning, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
  • 4b.College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20250582
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雷州半岛是珠江流域干旱高发频发区域之一,研究雷州半岛气象与水文干旱变化特征及响应规律对理解降雨丰沛但水资源结构脆弱区域的干旱特征具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于雷州半岛地区代表站的逐月气象、水文数据,利用标准化降水蒸散指数(ISPEI)及标准径流指数(ISRI),分析了该地区1970~2016年间的气象干旱、水文干旱变化规律,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、滑动平均法和Morlet小波分析法,分析该地区不同时间尺度(3、12个月)的气象干旱和水文干旱变化趋势和周期,并以游程理论研究了气象干旱向水文干旱的传播特性。结果表明,研究时段内雷州半岛气象干旱呈现出显著加剧趋势,其中12个月尺度的ISPEI下降趋势显著,湛江站和徐闻站下降速率分别为-0.014、-0.008/月,而水文干旱未出现明显的变化趋势。研究区气象干旱与水文干旱均呈现出多尺度的周期性特征,南、北部的第一主周期分别为14、20年,南、北部气象干旱和水文干旱的主周期一致,变化规律较为同步;相比于雷州半岛北部,南部的水文干旱对气象干旱的响应关系更为密切。

雷州半岛  /  气象干旱  /  水文干旱  /  气候变化

The Leizhou Peninsula exhibits one of the highest incidences of drought within the Pearl River Basin. Research on the characteristics and response mechanisms of meteorological and hydrological droughts in this area holds significant theoretical and practical importance for understanding drought patterns in regions with abundant rainfall yet fragile water resource systems. Based on the monthly meteorological and hydrological data from the representative station in Leizhou Peninsula, the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (ISPEI) and standard runoff index (ISRI) were used to analyze the variation patterns of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in this region from 1970 to 2016. The Mann-Kendall trend test method, moving average method and Morlet wavelet analysis method were adopted to analyze the changing trends and cycles of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in this region at different time scales (3 and 12 months). Propagation characteristics of meteorological drought to hydrological drought were examined using the run-length theory. The results show that the meteorological drought in Leizhou Peninsula is increasing during the study period. Particularly, the 12-month ISPEI obtained from Zhanjiang station and Xuwen station decreased significantly, at the rate of -0.014/month and -0.008/month, respectively. However, no obvious trend of hydrological drought was detected. Both drought types showed multi-scale periodicity, sharing a primary first-order period of 20 years in the north and 14 years in the south. The main cycles of meteorological drought and hydrological drought in the south and north are consistent, and the variation patterns are relatively synchronous. Hydrological drought in the southern peninsula demonstrated stronger responsiveness to meteorological drought than the northern region.

Leizhou Peninsula  /  meteorological drought  /  hydrologic drought  /  climate change
冯德锃, 孙静静, 彭莹, 郑晶华, 王斌, 魏玲娜. 雷州半岛气象干旱与水文干旱变化特征及响应规律研究. 水电能源科学, 2025 , 43 (9) : 20 -24 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20250582
De-zeng FENG, Jing-jing SUN, Ying PENG, Jing-hua ZHENG, Bin WANG, Ling-na WEI. Study on Characteristics of Hydrologic and Meteorological Droughts and Responses Mechanism in Leizhou Peninsula[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2025 , 43 (9) : 20 -24 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20250582
雷州半岛(109°31'~110°55'E,20°12'~ 21°35'N)位于中国大陆最南端,东濒南海,西邻北部湾,总面积8 845 km2。雷州半岛属亚热带季风气候,东、南、西三面环海,常年受热带海洋暖湿气流影响,多年平均降水量1 519.85 mm,多年平均气温约23.52 ℃,年平均日照2 000 h以上,日照时间长且强。虽降水丰沛,但大多水系独流入海,加上工程调蓄能力不足,导致区域水资源结构脆弱,干旱多发频发。干旱是一段时间内区域水分收支不平衡而导致的水分短缺现象[1-2]。当一个区域较长时间处于水分亏缺状态时会引发气象干旱,进而影响区域陆面水循环,造成河川径流量减少,进而引发水文干旱。通常,气象干旱常用基于降水的气象干旱指数来评估和量化[3-5],而水文干旱则用基于河川径流量的水文干旱指数[6]。目前,关于雷州半岛干旱时空分布特征方面的研究已较多,如王壬等[7]发现雷州半岛干旱频率在秋冬季呈减少趋势,在春夏季呈增加趋势;薛积彬等[8]发现雷州半岛北部地区的气候趋向暖干,且自1990年代中后期以来,气候干旱化趋势更加显著,干旱事件存在显著的2~3年短周期变化。但上述关于雷州半岛区域的研究大数聚焦于干旱变化趋势或变化周期的探讨,而对气象干旱和水文干旱之间传播规律的研究相对较少。为此,本文利用多时间尺度的标准化降水蒸散指数(ISPEI)和标准径流指数(ISRI),分析雷州半岛地区近50年以来的气象干旱、水文干旱变化规律,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法、滑动平均法和Morlet小波分析法分析该地区干旱变化趋势及周期,并基于游程理论识别干旱事件,探究雷州半岛气象干旱向水文干旱传播的风险。研究结果可为雷州半岛提升抗旱减灾能力、提高地区水安全保障能力及推动水利高质量发展提供一定参考。
选取湛江、徐闻气象站分别作为北部、南部的气象代表站,选取缸瓦窑、大水桥水文站分别作为北部、南部的水文代表站,统计1970~2016年共47年的逐月系列,以分析雷州半岛地区气象干旱与水文干旱的变化趋势与规律。代表站点位置分布见图1
采用ISPEIISRI反映雷州半岛气象干旱和水文干旱程度。短时间尺度(1、3、6月)干旱指数用于研究干旱的短期波动,长时间尺度(12、24月)干旱指数可用于分析长期旱涝趋势[9]。选择3、12个月时间尺度ISPEIISRI分析干旱的传播关系和年际变化特征。根据《气象干旱等级》(GB/T 20481-2017)[10],将ISPEI划分为5个干旱等级,见表1ISRI的等级划分同ISPEI
(1)干旱变化趋势分析。借助气候倾向率法分别分析ISPEIISRI的变化趋势,并通过非参数Mann-Kendall(M-K)趋势检验方法[11]分析变化趋势的显著性。采用滑动平均差检测法[12]分析干旱指数的突变特征。
(2)干旱变化周期分析。利用Matlab软件中的Morlet复小波工具对研究区ISPEI/ISRI序列进行连续小波变换,分析得到复小波变换系数等值线图,以揭示两种干旱指数的变化周期。
(3)干旱传播特征。采用游程理论方法识别干旱事件,即设定特定阈值以截取离散的时间序列值[13]。识别步骤如下:①当ISPEIISRI小于-0.5且干旱历时大于1个月时,识别为一次干旱事件;②当两次干旱事件时间间隔仅为1个月,且其间指数值小于0时,则两次干旱事件合并为一次。干旱事件期间每个月ISPEIISRI值的总和即为干旱事件的烈度,干旱事件期间ISPEI/ISRI的峰值即为干旱事件的强度。
(1)趋势特征。图23分别为雷州半岛1970~2016年间干旱指数系列。由图23可看出,雷州半岛ISPEI均呈现下降趋势,即气象干旱出现加剧趋势。3个月尺度下,湛江站、徐闻站下降速率分别为-0.006、-0.003/月,12个月尺度下,湛江站、徐闻站下降速率分别为-0.014、-0.008/月,且均通过了M-K趋势检验(α<0.05)。雷州半岛南北部3、12个月的ISRI未出现明显的变化趋势。3、12个月尺度下缸瓦窑、大水桥站的水文干旱变化趋势均不显著,采用滑动平均检验法对8个系列进行分析,均未发现显著突变点(α<0.05)。
(2)周期特征。每年12月对应的ISPEI12/ISRI12值作为该年度的干旱指数值,采用ISPEI12/ISRI12分别分析干旱年际变化的周期性。图4为研究区气象干旱、水文干旱周期的小波分析,反映了小波变换系数实部的波动特征。由图4(a)可看出,湛江站ISPEI12指数在9、20年左右尺度波动十分明显,根据方差分布系列可确定20年为第一主周期,进入21世纪以来,缓慢进入干旱-湿润-干旱的变化周期,可预测当下雷州半岛北部处于由湿润期过渡至干旱期的阶段。由图4(b)可看出,徐闻站ISPEI12指数在9、14年左右尺度波动十分明显,根据方差分布系列可确定14年即为第一主周期,进入21世纪以来,呈现出湿润-干旱-湿润-干旱的周期变化,可预测当下雷州半岛南部处于由湿润期过渡至干旱期的阶段。由图4(c)(d)可看出,缸瓦窑、大水桥的水文干旱指数变化第一主周期分别为20、14年,与湛江站、徐闻站的变化周期一致,这说明雷州半岛南部、北部的气象干旱和水文干旱的变化周期基本同步。2010年以来,雷州半岛北部一直处于水文干旱的湿润期,近年将缓慢过渡至干旱期。雷州半岛南部也将进入水文干旱的干旱期。
基于游程理论对雷州半岛干旱事件进行识别,结果见表2。由表2可看出,1970~2016年间雷州半岛南部气象干旱发生频率(0.77次/年)和水文干旱(0.81次/年)发生频率接近,而北部气象干旱发生频率(0.81次/年)是水文干旱(0.45次/年)发生频率的1.8倍,本文仅展示湛江站的气象干旱事件成果,见表3。由表3可看出,北部水文干旱比气象干旱的历时短,而南部则相反。南、北气象干旱的平均历时为4.8、3.7个月,最长的一次气象干旱持续时间为19、14个月,最长的一次水文干旱持续时间为12、26个月。在1998~2000年间雷州半岛南北部均发生过持续的水文干旱。南、北部的月均干旱烈度接近,气象水文干旱的平均强度均接近。
气象干旱和水文干旱间的传播分为以下4种场景[13]:①气象干旱和水文干旱间无显著的响应关系;②气象干旱和水文干旱一一对应;③多场气象干旱引起单场水文干旱;④多场气象干旱形成多场水文干旱。通过表2可看出,雷州半岛南部4种场景分别出现9、23、1、1次,占比27%、67%、3%、3%;北部4种场景分别出现19、17、2、0次,占比50%、45%、5%、0%。可以发现,在北部气象干旱与水文干旱间大多无明显的响应关系,而在南部气象干旱引发一场水文干旱的情景占大多数。
综上可知,雷州半岛气象干旱呈现加剧趋势特征,气象干旱与气候变化的响应紧密,而水文干旱由于受人类活动的影响显著,不能反映气候干旱化的趋势,这与文献[13-17]结论基本一致。当气象干旱和水文干旱间无明显相应关系时,气象干旱和水文干旱的气象平均历时及峰值强度均小于其他场景,这表明当气象干旱历时较短或峰值较低时往往不会引起水文干旱。这主要是因为当出现短期降水不足时,可通过土壤水或地下水的补给,维持流域基本的产汇流[16];另外,因为人类活动的影响,雷州半岛北部有鹤地水库及其配套的青年运河等大型水利设施,当气象、水利部门预测或监测到发生气象干旱时,为了满足“三生”用水需求,通过鹤地水库开闸放水、青年运河输水及从南渡河泵站提水等补充河、渠水量[17],从而抑制了气象干旱向水文干旱的传播。这同时也解释了气象干旱指数的下降趋势更大、更显著,而水文干旱并无显著的变化趋势的现象。
雷州半岛北部干旱的周期比南部短,在北部未发生传播的干旱占比比南部大,这是由于雷州半岛的水利设施大多在北部,北部的水资源调配能力强于南部,人类活动的干预起到了作用,阻止了北部的气象干旱引发水文干旱,而南部的气象干旱则极易引发水文干旱。当气象干旱持续时间过长时,水库调蓄库容已用尽,则无法保障正常下放生态流量,土壤含水层处于亏损状态,但随着气象干旱结束,降雨开始,水库回蓄、土壤含水率增加等,则可能会延长水文干旱的结束时间。这些均表明对雷州半岛气象干旱观测可有效预测水文干旱。
a. 近50年来,雷州半岛地区ISPEI指数呈现波动性下降趋势。12个月尺度的ISPEI指数呈现显著下降趋势,南、北部下降速率分别为-0.008、-0.014/月,而水文干旱则未呈现出明显的变化趋势。
b. 雷州半岛南、北部的气象干旱与水文干旱均具有多尺度周期性特征,南、北部第一主周期分别为14、20年,南、北部气象干旱和水文干旱的主周期一致,变化规律较为同步。
c. 本文统计了雷州半岛地区气象干旱和水文干旱间4种干旱对应场景出现的次数,发现雷州半岛气象干旱与水文干旱间的联系较紧密,且北部发生气象干旱向水文干旱传播的风险低于南部地区。
d. 当雷州半岛遭遇气象干旱时,建议采取节水措施适当压减用水,并通过区域内的长青、鹤地等水库实施枯水期调度、蓄丰补枯,增加水库枯水期有效蓄水量,并根据监测断面来水变化,对雷州半岛骨干水利工程进行动态调度,减少水文不确定性等因素带来的干旱风险以确保供水安全。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52179021)
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doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20250582
  • 接收时间:2025-04-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-16
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01
  • 修回日期:2025-06-10
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国家自然科学基金项目(52179021)
作者信息
    1.中水珠江规划勘测设计有限公司,广东 广州 510000
    2.山东省水利科学研究院,山东 济南 250014
    3.珠江水利科学研究院,广东 广州 510000
    4a.南京信息工程大学 水利部水文气象灾害机理与预警重点实验室,江苏 南京 210044
    4b.南京信息工程大学 水文与水资源工程学院,江苏 南京 210044

通讯作者:

魏玲娜(1981-),女,副教授,研究方向为水文气象与流域水文模拟,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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