Article(id=1207271186053022672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242185, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1732032000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-20, revisedDate=1734278400000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765765480769, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765765480769, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765765480769, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765480769, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207271180105499439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765765479351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765681303, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=141, endPage=145, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207271186279515105, articleId=1207271186053022672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, language=EN, title=Study on Monitoring Index of Non-convergence Deformation of Concrete Dam, columnId=null, journalTitle=Water Resources and Power, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

There are problems of non-convergence and easy false alarm when formulating dam deformation monitoring indicators (which belong to fixed limits) based on the conventional low-probability method. A calculation method for formulating deformation monitoring indicators based on the low-probability method of separating aging components is proposed. Firstly, the statistical model of dam deformation is established to separate the time-dependent component. Then, aiming at the time series deformation of deducting the aging component, the annual extreme value is selected as the subsample. The corresponding deformation of the annual most unfavorable reservoir water level and temperature is selected as the subsample. The corresponding deformation of the unfavorable water level and temperature based on the combination of orthogonal test method is selected as the subsample. Then the statistical test is carried out, and the small probability method is used to formulate the deformation allowable value of deducting the aging component. Finally, the aging component is superimposed to obtain the non-convergence deformation monitoring index of the dam. Combined with the measured data of a deformation non-convergence gravity dam in southwest China, the analysis shows that compared with the monitoring index proposed by the conventional small probability method, the method based on the separation time component fully considers the time effect and enhances the reliability of the monitoring index.

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针对基于常规小概率法拟定大坝变形监控指标(属于固定限值)存在不收敛、易出现误报警问题,提出了基于分离时效分量的小概率法拟定变形监控指标的计算方法,首先建立大坝变形统计模型分离出时效分量;进而针对扣除时效分量的时间系列变形,分别对比了选取年度极值作为子样本、选取年度最不利库水位和温度对应变形作为子样本以及选取基于正交试验法组合的不利水位和温度对应变形作为子样本,然后进行统计检验,并采用小概率法拟定扣除时效分量的变形容许值,最后叠加时效分量获得大坝不收敛变形监控指标。结合西南某变形不收敛重力坝实测资料分析表明,相对于常规小概率法拟定的监控指标,基于分离时效分量的方法充分考虑到了时间效应,且增强了监控指标的可靠性。

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黄耀英(1977-),男,博士、教授、博导,研究方向为水工程数值计算与安全评价,E-mail:
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涂月彤(2001-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水工程安全评价,E-mail:

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涂月彤(2001-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水工程安全评价,E-mail:

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articleId=1207271186053022672, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同方法拟定变形监控指标值对比, figureFileSmall=cCzWbElHOQyc4tkBxRQY7Q==, figureFileBig=XdM4zCE84x8ici6RCalgxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207271201714553591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Regression analysis results of typical measuring points

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测点c1c2R
EP1-126.312×10-2-9.1400.835
EP1-140.000-1.037×1010.876
), ArticleFig(id=1207271201806828283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

典型测点回归分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点c1c2R
EP1-126.312×10-2-9.1400.835
EP1-140.000-1.037×1010.876
), ArticleFig(id=1207271201886520061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

The displacement calculation results of the measuring point of the tension wire after deducting the aging component under different combined conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号不利库水位/m不利温度/℃EP1-12/mmEP1-14/mm
1985.5623.4-12.98-9.44
2985.5627.9-12.97-8.15
3985.5632.4-11.14-10.06
4985.5636.9-12.61-9.56
5986.5223.4-12.73-9.47
6986.5227.9-12.78-9.48
7986.5232.4-12.11-8.82
8986.5236.9-12.28-8.46
9987.4923.4-12.87-9.33
10987.4927.9-13.17-9.17
11987.4932.4-12.82-7.85
12987.4936.9-12.48-8.64
13988.4523.4-13.45-8.07
14988.4527.9-12.73-10.14
15988.4532.4-12.90-8.54
16988.4536.9-11.44-7.79
), ArticleFig(id=1207271201991377663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同组合工况下引张线测点扣除时效分量后位移计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验编号不利库水位/m不利温度/℃EP1-12/mmEP1-14/mm
1985.5623.4-12.98-9.44
2985.5627.9-12.97-8.15
3985.5632.4-11.14-10.06
4985.5636.9-12.61-9.56
5986.5223.4-12.73-9.47
6986.5227.9-12.78-9.48
7986.5232.4-12.11-8.82
8986.5236.9-12.28-8.46
9987.4923.4-12.87-9.33
10987.4927.9-13.17-9.17
11987.4932.4-12.82-7.85
12987.4936.9-12.48-8.64
13988.4523.4-13.45-8.07
14988.4527.9-12.73-10.14
15988.4532.4-12.90-8.54
16988.4536.9-11.44-7.79
), ArticleFig(id=1207271202129789698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

The probability density function of the water pressure component and the temperature component of the measuring points EP1-12 and EP1-14

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点方法NEσ2)/FPaPu概率密度函数fx
EP1-12常规小概率法F(1.16,15.74)
 方法1F(4.03,13.11)
 方法2N(-11.31,1.122
 方法3F(2.13,12.86)
EP1-14常规小概率法F(0.51,14.50)
 方法1F(1.69,9.54)
 方法2F(1.34,8.79)
 方法3N(-8.94,0.752
), ArticleFig(id=1207271202238841605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

EP1-12、EP1-14水压分量和温度分量的概率密度函数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点方法NEσ2)/FPaPu概率密度函数fx
EP1-12常规小概率法F(1.16,15.74)
 方法1F(4.03,13.11)
 方法2N(-11.31,1.122
 方法3F(2.13,12.86)
EP1-14常规小概率法F(0.51,14.50)
 方法1F(1.69,9.54)
 方法2F(1.34,8.79)
 方法3N(-8.94,0.752
), ArticleFig(id=1207271202335310599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Monitoring indexes of horizontal displacement of measuring points EP1-12 and EP1-14

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点监控指标/mm
常规小概率法方法1方法2方法3
EP1-12[δH+T]-13.39-13.15-13.38
 [δI]-16.69[δH+T]+6.312×10-2θ-43.34)-9.140(lnθ-ln43.34)
EP1-14[δH+T]-10.19-9.61-10.17
 [δI]-16.65[δH+T]-1.037×10(lnθ-ln43.34)
), ArticleFig(id=1207271202452751113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271186053022672, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

测点EP1-12和EP1-14水平位移监控指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测点监控指标/mm
常规小概率法方法1方法2方法3
EP1-12[δH+T]-13.39-13.15-13.38
 [δI]-16.69[δH+T]+6.312×10-2θ-43.34)-9.140(lnθ-ln43.34)
EP1-14[δH+T]-10.19-9.61-10.17
 [δI]-16.65[δH+T]-1.037×10(lnθ-ln43.34)
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混凝土坝不收敛变形监控指标拟定探讨
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涂月彤 1 , 黄耀英 1 , 崔卫天 1 , 周彧婕 1 , 朱赵辉 2
水电能源科学 | 水利枢纽、水利建筑物 2025,43(9): 141-145
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水电能源科学 | 水利枢纽、水利建筑物 2025, 43(9): 141-145
混凝土坝不收敛变形监控指标拟定探讨
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涂月彤1 , 黄耀英1 , 崔卫天1, 周彧婕1, 朱赵辉2
作者信息
  • 1.三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北 宜昌 443002
  • 2.中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038
  • 涂月彤(2001-),女,硕士研究生,研究方向为水工程安全评价,E-mail:

通讯作者:

黄耀英(1977-),男,博士、教授、博导,研究方向为水工程数值计算与安全评价,E-mail:
Study on Monitoring Index of Non-convergence Deformation of Concrete Dam
Yue-tong TU1 , Yao-ying HUANG1 , Wei-tian CUI1, Yu-jie ZHOU1, Zhao-hui ZHU2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
  • 2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242185
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针对基于常规小概率法拟定大坝变形监控指标(属于固定限值)存在不收敛、易出现误报警问题,提出了基于分离时效分量的小概率法拟定变形监控指标的计算方法,首先建立大坝变形统计模型分离出时效分量;进而针对扣除时效分量的时间系列变形,分别对比了选取年度极值作为子样本、选取年度最不利库水位和温度对应变形作为子样本以及选取基于正交试验法组合的不利水位和温度对应变形作为子样本,然后进行统计检验,并采用小概率法拟定扣除时效分量的变形容许值,最后叠加时效分量获得大坝不收敛变形监控指标。结合西南某变形不收敛重力坝实测资料分析表明,相对于常规小概率法拟定的监控指标,基于分离时效分量的方法充分考虑到了时间效应,且增强了监控指标的可靠性。

混凝土坝  /  不收敛变形  /  监控指标  /  时效分量  /  正交设计法

There are problems of non-convergence and easy false alarm when formulating dam deformation monitoring indicators (which belong to fixed limits) based on the conventional low-probability method. A calculation method for formulating deformation monitoring indicators based on the low-probability method of separating aging components is proposed. Firstly, the statistical model of dam deformation is established to separate the time-dependent component. Then, aiming at the time series deformation of deducting the aging component, the annual extreme value is selected as the subsample. The corresponding deformation of the annual most unfavorable reservoir water level and temperature is selected as the subsample. The corresponding deformation of the unfavorable water level and temperature based on the combination of orthogonal test method is selected as the subsample. Then the statistical test is carried out, and the small probability method is used to formulate the deformation allowable value of deducting the aging component. Finally, the aging component is superimposed to obtain the non-convergence deformation monitoring index of the dam. Combined with the measured data of a deformation non-convergence gravity dam in southwest China, the analysis shows that compared with the monitoring index proposed by the conventional small probability method, the method based on the separation time component fully considers the time effect and enhances the reliability of the monitoring index.

concrete dam  /  non-convergence deformation  /  monitoring index  /  time dependent component  /  orthogonal design method
涂月彤, 黄耀英, 崔卫天, 周彧婕, 朱赵辉. 混凝土坝不收敛变形监控指标拟定探讨. 水电能源科学, 2025 , 43 (9) : 141 -145 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242185
Yue-tong TU, Yao-ying HUANG, Wei-tian CUI, Yu-jie ZHOU, Zhao-hui ZHU. Study on Monitoring Index of Non-convergence Deformation of Concrete Dam[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2025 , 43 (9) : 141 -145 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242185
由于大坝变形监测反映了大坝整体变形和受力性态,且变形监测直观可靠,普遍将其作为最主要的监测量,因此拟定大坝变形监控指标对大坝安全运维管理具有重要的参考作用[1]。目前在工程上,常采用典型效应量小概率法[2]、最大熵法[3]、云模型法[4]及POT模型法[5]等结合历史监测资料拟定大坝监控指标。但亦发现存在不足:①拟定的监控指标一般为固定限值。对大坝工作性态综合评价虽安全,但存在部分测点变形尚未完全收敛的情况,且随着大坝服役年限的增加,这些测点不收敛变形逐渐增大,此时固定限值容易出现误报警。②一般选择年度效应量极值作为子样本进行统计分析,未充分考虑不利水压荷载和不利温度荷载之间的工况组合,导致选取的效应量极值不能完全反映不利荷载的组合效应。由于混凝土坝的变形包含水压分量、温度分量和时效分量,通过建立大坝变形统计模型分离出时效分量可较好地反映不收敛变形的变化规律。为此,本文探讨了大坝变形尚未完全收敛情况下监控指标的拟定,通过建立大坝变形统计模型分离出时效分量来反映不收敛变形的特性,进而采用正交试验法考虑不利水压荷载和不利温度荷载之间的组合效应,最后结合西南地区某变形尚未完全收敛的混凝土重力坝的实测值进行监控指标拟定,获得了一些有益的结论,可供借鉴。
服役期的混凝土坝的工作条件复杂。虽然大坝工作性态综合评价安全,但仍可能存在部分测点的位移尚未完全收敛。由于建立大坝变形统计模型时,时效分量可较好地反映不收敛变形的特性,因此在拟定大坝变形监控指标时,首先建立大坝变形统计模型:
式中,δ为监测变形量;δHδTδθ分别为水压分量、温度分量、时效分量。
采用回归分析或优化算法,由式(1)分离出时效分量δθ描述尚未收敛的变形特性,而对于扣除时效分量的水压分量和温度分量的时间序列δH+T,可采用3种方式拟定不收敛变形监控指标:①方法1。对扣除时效分量的水压分量和温度分量的时间序列δH+T,选取年度极值作为不利荷载工况下的子样本E1,计算其样本特征值σE分别为不利荷载组合时的监测效应量样本空间的均值、标准差),进而采用统计检验方法(A-D法或K-S法)对其进行分布检验,确定其概率密度函数f1E1),然后基于小概率法计算扣除时效分量的水压分量和温度分量的时间序列δH+T对应的允许值[δH+T],最后叠加时效分量,获得不收敛变形监控指标[δH+T]+δθ。②方法2。对扣除时效分量的水压分量和温度分量的时间序列δH+T,分别选取不利水位工况和不利温度工况对应的效应量作为子样本E2,计算其样本特征值,统计检验确定的概率密度函数为f2E2),然后基于小概率法计算扣除时效分量的水压分量和温度分量的时间序列δH+T对应的允许值[δH+T],最后叠加时效分量,获得不收敛变形监控指标[δH+T]+δθ。方法2与方法1的不同之处在于,方法1是选取扣除时效分量的年度极值作为子样本,而方法2是分别选取不利水位工况和不利温度工况对应的扣除时效分量的效应量作为子样本。③方法3。与方法1与方法2不同之处在于,方法3分别确定不利水位工况的取值范围和不利温度工况的取值范围,将不利水位和不利温度分别均分为n个水平,进而采用正交试验法设计2因素n水平的正交设计表,对不利水位工况和不利温度工况进行组合,得到多种不利荷载工况组合,然后在扣除时效分量的水压分量和温度分量的时间序列δH+T中选取不利水位和温度工况组合相近的效应量作为子样本E3,计算其样本特征值,统计检验确定的概率密度函数为f3E3),然后基于小概率法计算扣除时效分量的水压分量和温度分量的时间序列δH+T对应的允许值[δH+T],最后叠加时效分量,获得不收敛变形监控指标[δH+T]+δθ。方法3与方法2不同之处在于,方法3是选取不利水位和不利温度的正交设计法组合工况对应的扣除时效分量的效应量作为子样本。
为此,建立拟定混凝土坝不收敛变形监控指标[δI]的数学优化模型为:
式中,c1c2为时效分量的回归系数;θθ0分别为监测日、始测日至时间起算日的累计天数除以100;F为监测效应量样本分布函数;α为失效概率;Ωi为第i年扣除时效分量的效应量集合。
对于方法2,E=Θi,max(H,Θi,max(T、Θi,max(HΘi,max(T分别为第i年最不利水位和最不利温度对应的是扣除时效分量的效应量;对于方法3,为第i年扣除时效分量的效应量。
混凝土坝不收敛性变形监控指标拟定原理的流程见图1
西南地区某混凝土重力坝最大坝高132 m,正常高水位994.0 m,相应库容为9.2×108 m3,为大(1)型工程。大坝水平位移布置见图2。由于河床坝段坝顶测点的位移为大坝重点监测内容,且坝顶部位测点的位移尚未完全收敛,为此,选取河床坝段坝顶处引张线2个典型测点EP1-12和EP1-14拟定不收敛变形的监控指标。
分析典型测点EP1-12实测水平位移与上游水位、环境气温的相关性可知:①EP1-12测点的水平位移与上游库水位呈正相关性,与环境气温呈负相关性,即上游库水位降低,测点的水平位移向上游增大,环境气温增大,测点的水平位移向上游增大。由此可见,高温—低水位运行是该测点的不利荷载工况;②EP1-12测点的水平位移主要向上游位移,且随时间的增加,位移有继续向上游变位的趋势,如2011、2015、2018、2023年,EP1-12测点向上游最大位移分别为-12.98、-14.91、-15.67、-16.41 mm;③鉴定表明,该大坝混凝土变形、渗流和应力应变等工作性态良好,目前大坝运行安全处于可控状态。此外,分析表明,该大坝坝顶水平位移向上游变形且尚未完全收敛,主要原因在于该水电站大坝的填筑混凝土采用流纹岩人工骨料,具有一定的碱活性[6],坝体混凝土存在碱骨料反应引起膨胀现象。
结合引张线EP1-12和EP1-14的水平位移实测资料拟定坝顶水平位移的变形监控指标。
大坝的水平位移主要受水压、温度和时效等因素变化影响,构建大坝变形统计模型[7]为:
式中,Hi为观测日当天上游水深的i次方;为建模资料序列第一个观测日当天上游水深的i次方;a0为常数项;ai为水压分量的回归系数,i=1~3;t为观测日至始测日的累计天数;t0为建模资料序列第一个观测日至始测日的累计天数;b1ib2i均为温度分量的回归系数,i=1~2;θ为观测日至始测日的累计天数t除以100;θ0为建模资料序列第一个观测日至始测日的累计天数t0除以100;ci为时效分量的回归系数,i=1~2。
结合测点EP1-12和EP1-14的水平位移监测资料系列(2011年4月26日~2023年11月6日),采用逐步回归分析法对式(3)进行回归分析,得到各回归系数,其中时效分量回归系数及复相关系数R表1,2个测点监测值与拟合值对比见图3,分离出的时效分量和扣除时效分量的位移时间系列见图4
表1图34分析可知:①拟合值与监测值吻合效果较好,两个测点回归分析的复相关系数分别为0.835、0.876,这说明本文建立的变形统计模型是可靠的。②坝顶位移存在明显的时效分量增大趋势,2011~2023年期间,时效分量分别增大-3.70、-7.47 mm,因此,若拟定的监控指标为固定限值,则容易引起误报警。综上可知,坝顶向上游不收敛位移为运维管理单位的重点监控项目。
(1)方法1。直接选取每年向上游的位移极值作为子样本,2011~2023年期间共选择13个样本。
(2)方法2。由于方法1对不利荷载的选取考虑较为简单,方法2分别选取两种不利荷载工况对应的效应量。根据定性分析中水平位移与上游水位和温度间的相关性可知,低水位高温对拟定监控指标测点的变形不利。为此,在拟定该坝变形监控指标时,以高温低水位作为计算工况,分别选取每年最高环境气温和最低上游水位对应的效应量作为子样本,2011~2023年期间共选择26个样本。
(3)方法3。由于方法2未充分考虑不利荷载工况之间的组合,基于正交试验法的不利荷载组合,选取相近工况下的效应量作为子样本。具体阐述如下:①确定影响因素取值范围。选取上游库水位和坝址环境气温作为主要影响因素。对于上游库水位,由于上游库水位降低,测点的水平位移向上游增大,因此上游最低库水位为不利荷载,2011~2023年期间每年的上游最低水位在985.56~988.45 m变化。对于坝址环境气温,由于环境气温增大,测点的水平位移向上游增大,因此高温为不利荷载,2011~2023年期间每年的月平均最高气温在23.4~36.9 ℃之间变化。②确定不利荷载工况组合。对于上游库水位和环境气温2个因素,设置水平数为4,即各水平的上游库水位分别为985.56、986.52、987.49、988.45 m,各水平的环境气温分别为23.4、27.9、32.4、36.9 ℃,采用2因素4水平的正交设计试验法进行不利荷载工况组合,共获得16种不利荷载工况组合(L16(24))。③确定不利荷载工况组合下效应量。由于不同不利荷载工况下的上游水位和温度组合无法准确在实测值中取得,故选取相近组合工况下对应的向上游位移极大值作为子样本,不同组合工况下EP1-12、EP1-14测点扣除时效分量后的位移计算结果见表2
根据子样统计检验的步骤,首先计算样本数字特征值,然后依据样本的统计特性确定其分布类型[2]。根据该大坝实际情况及类似工程经验,显著性水平α取5%。可看出样本服从正态分布与极值Ⅰ型分布,其数字特征值和概率密度函数表达式见表3
在得到样本的概率密度函数后,采用小概率法[4]拟定水压分量和温度分量的时间序列对应的允许值,再叠加上时效分量后求得EP1-12和EP1-14测点水平位移的监控指标见表4,常规小概率法与3种方法拟定的监控指标对比见图5表4中常规小概率法拟定的监控指标为固定限值,而分离时效分量的方法拟定出的监控指标随服役年限而变化。由于建模资料序列第一个观测日为2011年4月26日,始测日为1999年6月14日,因此,表中θ0取43.34。
表4图5可知:①采用常规小概率法拟定的监控指标为固定限值,坝顶测点EP1-12、EP1-14的变形监控指标值分别为-16.69、-16.65 mm;采用分离时效分量的3种方法拟定的监控指标叠加了时效分量,随着时间而变化。当大坝自2023年底服役至2026年年底、2028年年底、2031年底时,3种方法拟定的坝顶测点EP1-12的变形监控指标值分别为{-17.47、-17.65、-17.84 mm}、{-17.23、-17.41、-17.60 mm}、{-17.46、-17.64、-17.83 mm};拟定的坝顶测点EP1-14的变形监控指标值分别为{-18.92、-19.65、-20.65 mm}、{-18.34、-19.07、-20.07 mm}、{-18.90、-19.63、-20.63 mm}。相对常规小概率法,基于分离时效分量的方法拟定出的监控指标均较大,且随服役年限的变化大。由于大坝坝顶水平位移尚未收敛(图3),随着服役年限的增加,大坝实测水平位移将超过常规小概率法拟定的固定限值监控指标。②由3种不同的不收敛变形监控指标拟定方法对比来看,方法1拟定出的监控指标最大且与方法3相差很小,方法3拟定出的监控指标均大于方法2拟定的监控指标,这表明基于正交试验法的不利荷载组合选取的效应量相较于分别选取的不利荷载工况下对应的效应量,更充分地考虑到了不利荷载对坝顶水平位移的影响。综合考虑,选用方法3来拟定不收敛变形的监控指标,既能充分考虑到不利荷载的组合效应,又能避免误预警的出现。
本文提出了基于分离时效分量的小概率法拟定变形监控指标的计算方法,结合某混凝土重力坝坝顶水平位移实测值拟定变形监控指标。结果表明,基于分离时效分量的方法计算出的大坝水平位移监控指标值均大于常规小概率法拟定的监控指标值,这表明分离时效分量的方法更充分地考虑到了时间效应,且随着时间的延长不容易出现误预警现象,便于大坝的运维管理。对于存在不收敛的变形时如何监控大坝的运行状态相关研究具有一定参考价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52239009)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52179135)
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2025年第43卷第9期
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doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242185
  • 接收时间:2024-11-20
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-20
  • 修回日期:2024-12-16
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国家自然科学基金项目(52239009)
国家自然科学基金项目(52179135)
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    1.三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北 宜昌 443002
    2.中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038

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黄耀英(1977-),男,博士、教授、博导,研究方向为水工程数值计算与安全评价,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
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种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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