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Article(id=1207271184962503562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241820, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1727193600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-25, revisedDate=1732464000000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765765480508, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765765480508, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765765480508, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765480508, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207271180105499439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765765479351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765681303, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=161, endPage=165, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207271185281270689, articleId=1207271184962503562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, language=EN, title=Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Powerhouse Structure Under Pressure Pulsation Excitation of Vertical Axial Flow Pump, columnId=null, journalTitle=Water Resources and Power, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to explore the influence of pressure pulsation of the pumping unit on the powerhouse structure, the powerhouse of Dayuzhang pumping station was taken for an example. Based on the prototype observation data, the vibration source composition and vibration characteristics of powerhouse structure were analyzed using three-dimensional finite element simulation. The safety of the structure was analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of structural resonance check and vibration response. The results show that the hydraulic pulsation caused by RSI and the rotational frequency excitation caused by the operation of the unit have the greatest impact on the vibration of powerhouse under the stable operation condition of the unit, and the natural frequency of the local floor structure has a small degree of coincidence, which is easy to resonate. However, from the perspective of vibration response, the vibration response of each local part is within the allowable range, the outlet elbow and pump seat are the largest, and the pump floor slab is the smallest. This study has important theoretical value and practical significance for realizing the long-term and safe operation of the pumping station powerhouse structure.

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为探究水泵机组压力脉动对厂房结构产生的影响，以打渔张泵站厂房为例，基于原型观测数据结合三维有限元模拟分析厂房结构的振源组成及振动特性，并从结构共振校核和振动响应出发对结构的安全性进行分析评价。结果表明，机组稳定运行工况下，动静干涉（RSI）引起的水力脉动与机组运行引起的转倍频激振对厂房振动影响最大，且与局部楼板结构自振频率遇合度较小，易发生共振；但从振动反应角度分析各局部部位的振动响应均在允许范围内，出水弯管和泵座处最大，水泵层楼板最小。研究结果对实现泵站厂房结构的长久安全运行具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

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江琦（1991-），女，博士、讲师，研究方向为水工结构损伤诊断与安全监测，E-mail：
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王建康（1999-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水工结构流激振动特性分析，E-mail：

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王建康（1999-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水工结构流激振动特性分析，E-mail：

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王建康（1999-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水工结构流激振动特性分析，E-mail：

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pageStart=100, pageEnd=103, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=黄波, 谭新奇, 魏加富, journalName=水电能源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄波, 谭新奇, 魏加富, 等. 水电站厂房楼板自振特性研究[J]. 水电能源科学, 2020, 38(6): 100-103., articleTitle=水电站厂房楼板自振特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207271199076336312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=9, pageStart=188, pageEnd=191, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=毕智伟, 赵补石, 魏加富, journalName=水电能源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毕智伟, 赵补石, 魏加富, 等. 某水电站机组及厂房振动问题成因与处理[J]. 水电能源科学, 2021, 39(9): 188-191., articleTitle=某水电站机组及厂房振动问题成因与处理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207271199168611008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=208, pageEnd=211, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=唐仁琥, 陈浩鑫, journalName=水电能源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐仁琥, 陈浩鑫. 德能湘江水电站机组与厂房耦合振动分析[J]. 水电能源科学, 2023, 41(10): 208-211., articleTitle=德能湘江水电站机组与厂房耦合振动分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207271199265080004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=170, pageEnd=175, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=杨佳钦, 程龙, 刘德祥, journalName=中国农村水利水电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨佳钦, 程龙, 刘德祥, 等. 永湖泵站机组及厂房异常振动分析和研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2022(4): 170-175., articleTitle=永湖泵站机组及厂房异常振动分析和研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207271199361548999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=38, issue=11, pageStart=156, pageEnd=159, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=刘聪, journalName=水电能源科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘聪. 某可逆式机组厂房振动问题的原因分析及处理方案[J]. 水电能源科学, 2020, 38(11): 156-159., articleTitle=某可逆式机组厂房振动问题的原因分析及处理方案, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207271199491572428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=1154, pageEnd=1169, 1180, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=张建伟, 刘贺, 曹克磊, journalName=岩土力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张建伟, 刘贺, 曹克磊, 等. TBM有压输水隧洞内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构联合承载力学特性分析[J]. 岩土力学, 2024, 45(4): 1154-1169, 1180., articleTitle=TBM有压输水隧洞内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构联合承载力学特性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207271199583847119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=国家能源局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家能源局. 水电站厂房设计规范: NB/T 35011-2013[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2012., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1207271199680316117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=6, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=刘依松, 陈灯红, journalName=三峡大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘依松, 陈灯红. 基于无质量地基模型的重力坝地震响应分析[J]. 三峡大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 36(4): 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figureFileSmall=/oxidzckQEOusD0O4CIpeQ==, figureFileBig=p2ghb5SuvLhsQtI3Ycb70g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207271195754447406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Comparison curves of vibration in three directions at typical locations, figureFileSmall=ZSTQXanvs/GY0s9feVoEMA==, figureFileBig=rFM3fJfiz7TxCFc8vp3bhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207271196924658228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=CN, label=图7, caption=典型位置3个方向振动对比曲线图, figureFileSmall=ZSTQXanvs/GY0s9feVoEMA==, figureFileBig=rFM3fJfiz7TxCFc8vp3bhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207271197054681660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Plant prototype test conditions

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位置位置描述采样时间/s采样频率/Hz
1水泵层楼板100256
2泵座100256
3出水弯管100256
4电机层楼板100256
5电机100256
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厂房原型试验测试位置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置位置描述采样时间/s采样频率/Hz
1水泵层楼板100256
2泵座100256
3出水弯管100256
4电机层楼板100256
5电机100256
), ArticleFig(id=1207271197310534219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Mechanical parameters of materials

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材料重度/（kN·m-3）弹性模量/（N·mm-2）泊松比
C30283.0×1040.167
C20252.0×1040.167
粘土181.30.350
), ArticleFig(id=1207271197444751956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

材料力学参数

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材料重度/（kN·m-3）弹性模量/（N·mm-2）泊松比
C30283.0×1040.167
C20252.0×1040.167
粘土181.30.350
), ArticleFig(id=1207271197570581086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Typical position primary and secondary frequencies and their principal pressure amplitudes

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监测点位置XYZ
主频/Hz次频/Hz幅值/mm主频/Hz次频/Hz幅值/mm主频/Hz次频/Hz幅值/mm
水泵层楼板66.6883.4115.28633.3458.3818.59966.6833.3487.681
泵座33.3458.3853.32633.3483.4190.92533.3858.38125.245
出水弯管33.3458.38119.38333.3483.41315.52266.6858.38176.233
电机层楼板83.4066.6812.92683.4133.3414.05258.3866.68102.764
电机33.3429.17280.86425.0133.34100.09233.3416.66348.547
), ArticleFig(id=1207271197654467172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

典型位置主次频及其主压力幅值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位置XYZ
主频/Hz次频/Hz幅值/mm主频/Hz次频/Hz幅值/mm主频/Hz次频/Hz幅值/mm
水泵层楼板66.6883.4115.28633.3458.3818.59966.6833.3487.681
泵座33.3458.3853.32633.3483.4190.92533.3858.38125.245
出水弯管33.3458.38119.38333.3483.41315.52266.6858.38176.233
电机层楼板83.4066.6812.92683.4133.3414.05258.3866.68102.764
电机33.3429.17280.86425.0133.34100.09233.3416.66348.547
), ArticleFig(id=1207271197729964651, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

The 20th-order natural frequency in front of the plant

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阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz
12.12164.049115.245165.904
22.93274.304125.426176.010
33.07584.884135.475186.084
43.33395.011145.544196.357
53.645105.122155.777206.448
), ArticleFig(id=1207271197818045036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

厂房前20阶自振频率

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阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz
12.12164.049115.245165.904
22.93274.304125.426176.010
33.07584.884135.475186.084
43.33395.011145.544196.357
53.645105.122155.777206.448
), ArticleFig(id=1207271197939679857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Root mean square and peak value of acceleration at typical measurement points

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监测点位置均方根/（mm·s-2）峰值/（mm·s-2）
XYZXYZ
水泵层楼板17.2111.3476.8756.6843.23286.53
泵座68.1388.4153.61292.42413.73198.07
出水弯管81.0395.21100.69423.67456.92512.37
电机层楼板27.2815.5299.97132.1762.58423.12
电机41.9447.0967.67192.77185.52297.48
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198023565942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

典型测点加速度均方根和峰值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位置均方根/（mm·s-2）峰值/（mm·s-2）
XYZXYZ
水泵层楼板17.2111.3476.8756.6843.23286.53
泵座68.1388.4153.61292.42413.73198.07
出水弯管81.0395.21100.69423.67456.92512.37
电机层楼板27.2815.5299.97132.1762.58423.12
电机41.9447.0967.67192.77185.52297.48
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198099063425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

The root mean square values of acceleration in three directions in the pumping station building

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监测点位置布置测点加速度/（mm·s-2）监测点位置布置测点加速度/（mm·s-2）
X向Y向Z向X向Y向Z向
水泵层111.181.5561.77 1181.6883.7690.31
楼板217.2111.3476.87 12106.63110.48112.78
 324.4214.0096.48电机层1323.0812.2658.31
 419.9019.2576.42楼板1427.2815.5299.97
泵座518.778.3645.41 1559.9521.1368.25
 668.3188.4153.61 1618.0325.7868.45
 783.82141.8058.56电机1759.0649.4757.62
 8104.19153.5363.79 1841.9447.0967.67
出水971.9026.8473.53 1918.5147.1578.71
弯管1081.0395.21100.69 2048.8257.3167.79
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198195532425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

泵站厂房所有测点三个方向加速度均方根

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测点位置布置测点加速度/（mm·s-2）监测点位置布置测点加速度/（mm·s-2）
X向Y向Z向X向Y向Z向
水泵层111.181.5561.77 1181.6883.7690.31
楼板217.2111.3476.87 12106.63110.48112.78
 324.4214.0096.48电机层1323.0812.2658.31
 419.9019.2576.42楼板1427.2815.5299.97
泵座518.778.3645.41 1559.9521.1368.25
 668.3188.4153.61 1618.0325.7868.45
 783.82141.8058.56电机1759.0649.4757.62
 8104.19153.5363.79 1841.9447.0967.67
出水971.9026.8473.53 1918.5147.1578.71
弯管1081.0395.21100.69 2048.8257.3167.79
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198279418513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Grouping of monitoring points categories

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分组类别监测点位置
水泵层楼板泵座出水弯管电机层楼板电机
11591317
226101418
337111519
448121620
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198392664726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271184962503562, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

监测点类别分组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分组类别监测点位置
水泵层楼板泵座出水弯管电机层楼板电机
11591317
226101418
337111519
448121620
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立式轴流泵压力脉动激励下厂房结构振动特性分析
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王建康 1 , 江琦 2 , 赵瑜 1, 2 , 张建伟 2 , 刘喜珠 3
水电能源科学 | 水能利用及水电站工程 2025,43(9): 161-165
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水电能源科学 | 水能利用及水电站工程 2025, 43(9): 161-165
立式轴流泵压力脉动激励下厂房结构振动特性分析
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王建康1 , 江琦2 , 赵瑜1, 2, 张建伟2, 刘喜珠3
作者信息
  • 1.华北水利水电大学土木与交通学院，河南 郑州 450045
  • 2.华北水利水电大学水利学院，河南 郑州 450046
  • 3.山东省水利勘测设计院有限公司济南市数字孪生与智慧水利重点实验室，山东 济南 250013

    • 王建康（1999-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为水工结构流激振动特性分析，E-mail：

通讯作者:

江琦（1991-），女，博士、讲师，研究方向为水工结构损伤诊断与安全监测，E-mail：
Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Powerhouse Structure Under Pressure Pulsation Excitation of Vertical Axial Flow Pump
Jian-kang WANG1 , Qi JIANG2 , Yu ZHAO1, 2, Jian-wei ZHANG2, Xi-zhu LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
  • 2.School of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
  • 3.Jinan Key Laboratory of Digital Twin and Smart Water Resources, Shandong Provincial Water Resources Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241820
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摘要
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为探究水泵机组压力脉动对厂房结构产生的影响，以打渔张泵站厂房为例，基于原型观测数据结合三维有限元模拟分析厂房结构的振源组成及振动特性，并从结构共振校核和振动响应出发对结构的安全性进行分析评价。结果表明，机组稳定运行工况下，动静干涉（RSI）引起的水力脉动与机组运行引起的转倍频激振对厂房振动影响最大，且与局部楼板结构自振频率遇合度较小，易发生共振；但从振动反应角度分析各局部部位的振动响应均在允许范围内，出水弯管和泵座处最大，水泵层楼板最小。研究结果对实现泵站厂房结构的长久安全运行具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。

原型观测  /  模态分析  /  共振复核  /  振动响应

In order to explore the influence of pressure pulsation of the pumping unit on the powerhouse structure, the powerhouse of Dayuzhang pumping station was taken for an example. Based on the prototype observation data, the vibration source composition and vibration characteristics of powerhouse structure were analyzed using three-dimensional finite element simulation. The safety of the structure was analyzed and evaluated from the perspective of structural resonance check and vibration response. The results show that the hydraulic pulsation caused by RSI and the rotational frequency excitation caused by the operation of the unit have the greatest impact on the vibration of powerhouse under the stable operation condition of the unit, and the natural frequency of the local floor structure has a small degree of coincidence, which is easy to resonate. However, from the perspective of vibration response, the vibration response of each local part is within the allowable range, the outlet elbow and pump seat are the largest, and the pump floor slab is the smallest. This study has important theoretical value and practical significance for realizing the long-term and safe operation of the pumping station powerhouse structure.

prototype observations  /  modal analysis  /  resonance review  /  vibration response
王建康, 江琦, 赵瑜, 张建伟, 刘喜珠. 立式轴流泵压力脉动激励下厂房结构振动特性分析. 水电能源科学, 2025 , 43 (9) : 161 -165 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241820
Jian-kang WANG, Qi JIANG, Yu ZHAO, Jian-wei ZHANG, Xi-zhu LIU. Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Powerhouse Structure Under Pressure Pulsation Excitation of Vertical Axial Flow Pump[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2025 , 43 (9) : 161 -165 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241820
正文
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1 引言
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厂房作为泵站的核心部分，对整个泵站的功能和运作起着至关重要的作用，与其他水工建筑物相比，最大的特点在于其振动是一个多振源相互影响、联合作用、共同激发的综合响应，同时在设备高速运转和高功率输出下会加剧振动，甚至引发共振，从而带来设备失效、结构损伤甚至安全隐患等问题[1]。目前，我国已建成并运行的一些大型电站的机组和厂房均产生了不同程度的振动及噪音问题，通常大多通过数值模拟与现场试验等手段分析出我国大型泵站厂房异常振动的不同成因，以共振现象和多振源耦合作用影响最大，主要包括叶片数增加引发机组与厂房发生耦合振动[2-3]、水泵进水渐缩管收缩过快和叶频与局部结构自振频率一致[4]及动静干涉引发的强水流脉动[5]。为此，本文结合打渔张泵站厂房已存在的振动问题，基于原型数据通过理论计算和数值模拟，对其自身特性和各种动荷载共同作用效果下的振动反应进行分析研究，保证厂房的安全运行，为类似工程的设计和运行提供参考。
2 工程概况
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打渔张泵站位于山东省滨州市博兴县境内，设计流量36.00 m3/s，泵站扬程为4.02~7.42 m。该厂房内装机5台全调节立式轴流泵，4用1备，作一字型排列，水泵型号1700ZLQ-6，单机容量900 kW，机组转轮叶片为4，额定转速250 r/min。其中各机组中心距为4.85 m，安装间布置主厂房左端。泵站厂房结构自上而下为电机层、风罩层、水泵层、流道层。厂房横剖图见图1，进水管口设喇叭管，下设有导流锥，采用平管式出水流道，其中电机层地面高程为15.33 m，水泵层高程为9.11 m。如图2所示，按照厂房内部振动强烈或薄弱位置共划分5种位置，分别为水泵层楼板、泵座、出水弯管、电机层楼板和电机。原型观测根据划分的5种典型位置共布置20个测点，每个测点分别布置X、Y、Z 3个方向振动加速度传感器，采用DASP系统采集数据，其中顺水流方向为X，垂直水流方向为Y，垂直结构方向为Z。通过测量各部分的动态响应得到不同位置的振动幅值，并对其进行振动特性分析。5种位置描述、采样时间及采样频率见表1。
3 有限元模型
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依据工程设计资料，采用ABAQUS建立了厂房结构三维有限元模型，见图3。厂房总长35.40 m，总宽12.60 m，厂房主体结构构件采用C30混凝土，墙体采用C20混凝土，地基为粘土，采用摩尔库伦屈服准则本构模型，各种材料参数见表2。为确保地基的稳定性和合理性，减少由于边界效应引起的计算误差，地基尺寸为厂房主体结构的3倍，以确保土应力均匀分布。厂房与地基采用摩擦接触，摩擦系数取0.5[6]；为减少计算中力传递产生的应力集中现象，厂房各组件均采用C3D8R实体单元，共划分126 552个单元。模型边界条件为地基底部完全固定，四周法向约束。
4 厂房结构共振复核
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4.1 泵站厂房振源分析
对于泵站厂房结构而言，机组的振源特性比较复杂，根据现场监测数据进行泵站厂房振源分析。选取5种不同位置典型测点4、8、12、16、20数据进行功率谱分析，5个测点Z向加速度功率谱见图4。由图4可知，厂房振动受多振源共同影响，主要包括水力、机械及电气因素。其中以RSI引起的不均匀流场振动和机组运行引起的倍转频激振影响最大。
为直观分析引起泵站厂房振动的优势振源及变化规律，将典型位置测点各方向振动源主次频和压力幅值整理见表3。由表3可看出，各个方向主频和次频以RSI引起的振动和14倍转频为主。从主频振动幅值来看，电机位置Z向以33.32 Hz为主频的压力幅值最大，振动敏感性较高，而X、Y方向的转倍频振动幅值较为明显，显示出不同方向上振动的复杂性。楼板处各振源振幅值最小，仅在Z向有一定的幅值体现，这是因为振源从过流部位经转轮叶片后传出，随着距离的增加传递能量幅值逐渐减少，且楼板传播过程中通过机墩会发生能量分散和转移；而泵管内由RSI产生的水流脉动通过泵轴传递给电机能量损失较少，83.41 Hz的卡门涡水流脉动在出水弯管处振动幅值最大，这是由于垂直于叶片水流绕转轮叶片及泵轴物体产生交变侧向力引起的，是空化空腔带来的危害。
4.2 厂房整体结构共振复核
厂房产生共振时，即使幅值很小的激振作用也能造成很大的振动反应，所以需进行共振校核。现行规范检验方法为结构自振频率与振源的频率之差与两者中的最大值之比需大于20%[7]，以防发生共振。
由于该泵站厂房构造比较复杂，其刚度分布非常不均匀，大部分是楼板等局部结构的振型变化，且泵站厂房具有低密频特点，选取厂房结构前20阶段自振频率进行共振校核，见表4，厂房整体结构典型阶振型见图5。由表4、图5可看出，第1阶为厂房上部整体顺河向振动，频率为2.121 Hz，第3阶振型主要为侧边墙柱的横向向外凸起，楼板整体无明显竖向位移，第9阶表现为墙柱的背水侧纵向振动及电机层楼板竖向振动，而第5阶则表现为厂房整体结构发生扭转变形。前20阶振型中除第1阶、第5阶和第6阶表现为整体振动，其他17阶振型主要表现为电机层楼板及以上墙柱结构的振动，这是由于其结构刚度较小，振型因而多表现为楼板和墙柱的振动。厂房整体结构前20阶振型的自振频率介于2.121~6.448 Hz之间，与机组转频4.17 Hz错开度小于20%，该振源频率与结构固有频率可能发生共振现象，但由于涡带摆动振动幅值很小，不会引起厂房整体结构的剧烈振动，同时其自振频率与其他主要水力激励源错开度较大。因此，需更加关注对厂房内部局部结构的振动情况。
4.3 厂房局部结构共振复核
厂房结构中的薄弱部件主要为各层楼板和立柱结构，因此采用“无质量地基[8]的方法计算3层楼板（水泵层、风罩层、电机层）和立柱结构前10阶自振频率见图6。由图6可看出，各局部结构的自振频率在5 Hz以上、70 Hz以下，根据错开度计算看出，各局部构件与低频水流脉动、转频、卡门涡高频脉动均有足够的错开度，不会发生共振。存在共振可能的频率区间主要为水泵层楼板的第1阶和立柱第5阶与叶片过流频率16.66 Hz遇合；风罩层楼板前2阶和水泵层楼板第3阶与RSI引起的主频33.32 Hz遇合；水泵层楼板第7阶和第9阶自振频率分别会与机械振动14倍转频和RSI引起的主频66.64 Hz发生遇合。以上错开度较低，同时水力因素往往影响较大，均有可能发生共振，需通过振动反应计算从振动强度方面进一步加以复核。
5 运行工况下厂房振动反应分析
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5.1 厂房振动计算结果分析
为清晰明确泵站厂房不同部位振动强度情况，基于传感器信号数据进行时域特征信息提取加速度均方根和峰值，对影响厂房结构的因素开展量化分析，测试结果见表5。由表5可看出，楼板作为结构重要组成部分，振动情况往往备受关注，稳定运行工况下电机层楼板加速度均方根、峰值最大值分别为99.97、423.12 mm/s2，水泵层楼板加速度均方根、峰值最大值分别为76.87、286.53 mm/s2，两层楼板各个测点测试方向加速度均方根、峰值均未超过现行振动控制标准建议限制1、10 m/s2。同时楼板最大振动反应均出现在Z方向，远大于其他两个方向上的振动响应，这是因为不均匀水流进入直管流道后，经转轮产生涡流及汽蚀现象带来强烈竖向水流冲击传递给楼板结构，而楼板本身竖向抗振性能较弱，造成该方向上振动明显。
与泵座和电机位置相比，3个方向出水弯管位置的振动强度最大，其次是泵座。这是因为两个位置处距离振源距离较近，为多振源激励区域，机械因素与水力因素耦合振动，互相影响，振动能量传播更为复杂，除泵座位置处，其他位置均为竖向上加速度均方根和峰值最大。随着距离振源位置的增加，加速度特征值逐渐减小，传递到楼板振动强度最小。
5.2 厂房多位置测点变化规律分析
为全面把握厂房各位置振动特性，对所有测点信号数据进行特征信息提取加速度均方根，计算结果整理见表6。由表6可看出，水弯管和泵座位置处加速度均方根值最大，振动反应最明显。出水弯管位置由于不稳定水流产生湍流冲击表现为Z向振动最大，但不同方向上加速度均方根值相差不大；泵座则主要表现为Y向振动最大，离水泵叶轮距离较近在叶片旋转水流时会与泵壳摩擦而产生沿Y向传播的振动激励。对于楼板来说，两层楼板测点加速度均方根在Z向均为最大，Y向加速度均方根最小，同时电机层的水平X向振动加速度均方根明显大于水泵层，这是由于两者所受到的主要振动激励有所差别，对于电机层楼板不仅受到水力脉动作用，还有电机运行过程中转子不对中、磁拉力不均衡等电气因素导致电机产生轴向力，导致水平振动沿机座传给电机楼板。从竖向来看，两层楼板振动响应互有大小，这与不同振源互相耦合激励、传递路径以及楼板边界条件有很大关系，且楼板各象限位置均未超过现行振动控制标准建议限制1 m/s2。
为更好分析厂房多位置测点的振动响应变化情况，对5种位置的20个测点不同方向的加速度均方根值根据每个楼板不同象限测点对应位置分为4组进行整理，具体分组见表7。图7则为4组各种位置振动反应不同方向振动对比曲线图。由表7、图7可看出，电机楼板测点14、15、16的方向振动加速度均方根整体上相比测点13比较突出，这是因为测点14、15、16测点位于楼梯孔且受到楼梯振动及人行走振动的影响，同时3个方向上分组4的各个测点明显要高于其他三个分组的加速度均方根，原因是现场机组5并未进入运行状态，使得前池流道中的水流在汇入进水池过程中增大了机组4附近的水脉压力，加剧水泵中水流的不稳定现象造成强烈振动；而分组1的加速度均方根最小，是因为分组1水泵机组位于厂房最边缘位置，进水池引水过程中水流产生水力脉动能量最少，该分组测点位置所受激励振动最小，传递能量相比较小。考虑其他外在因素，从测点曲线变化趋势看出，厂房各部位振动强度大小即为出水弯管>泵座>电机>电机层楼板>水泵层楼板。
综上所述，厂房结构局部构件虽有与激励源发生共振的可能，振动幅值也较为显著，但通过振动反应分析，厂房结构在各脉动压力共同作用下，通过对各位置全方位进行特征提取信息，准确把握了厂房内各位置振动变化规律，且均未超出厂房振动控制标准。
6 结论
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a. 针对打渔张泵站厂房扩建工程，基于原型观测数据并结合三维有限元模态分析对机组稳定运行下泵站厂房振动特性进行较为全面的研究，探究了多振源激励下结构共振现象及5种不同位置振动响应变化规律，为泵站的运行稳定性提供重要依据。
b. 基于功率谱分析厂房各位置的主次振源及幅值，得出RSI引起的水力脉动在整个泵系统中占主导，以叶频2、4倍频体现。开展厂房结构自振特性和共振复核表明，厂房整体结构各阶为低频自振频率，与水泵机组产生主要激励源的错开度大于20%，发生共振概率较小。局部部件与RSI水力脉动及机械振动14倍转频错开度小于20%，易发生共振现象，因此需从振动反应角度进一步复核。
c. 在多源激励共同耦合作用下，通过对典型位置监测信号提取加速度特征信息，分析各部位振动响应大小依次为出水弯管>泵座>电机>电机层楼板>水泵层楼板，均满足现行规范控制标准。表明该厂房结构具有较大刚度和强度，且结构设计合理。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52279133)
  • 河南省科技攻关项目(232102320003)
  • 华北水利水电大学高层次人才启动资助项目(202110001)
文献
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参考文献 引证文献
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黄波, 谭新奇, 魏加富, 等. 水电站厂房楼板自振特性研究[J]. 水电能源科学, 2020, 38(6): 100-103.
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唐仁琥, 陈浩鑫. 德能湘江水电站机组与厂房耦合振动分析[J]. 水电能源科学, 2023, 41(10): 208-211.
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刘聪. 某可逆式机组厂房振动问题的原因分析及处理方案[J]. 水电能源科学, 2020, 38(11): 156-159.
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2025年第43卷第9期
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doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20241820
  • 接收时间：2024-09-25
  • 首发时间：2025-12-15
  • 出版时间：2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-25
  • 修回日期：2024-11-25
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52279133)
河南省科技攻关项目(232102320003)
华北水利水电大学高层次人才启动资助项目(202110001)
作者信息
    1.华北水利水电大学土木与交通学院，河南 郑州 450045
    2.华北水利水电大学水利学院，河南 郑州 450046
    3.山东省水利勘测设计院有限公司济南市数字孪生与智慧水利重点实验室，山东 济南 250013

通讯作者:

江琦（1991-），女，博士、讲师，研究方向为水工结构损伤诊断与安全监测，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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