Article(id=1207271181367988357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242084, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=research-article, receivedDate=1730822400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-06, revisedDate=1734969600000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1765765479652, onlineDateStr=2025-12-15, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1765765479652, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-15, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1765765479652, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765479652, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1207271180105499439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, year='2025', volume='43', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='220', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1765765479351, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1765765681303, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1207272027254247479, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, issueId=1207271180105499439, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=131, endPage=135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1207271181565120647, articleId=1207271181367988357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, language=EN, title=Flow Optimization Distribution Model Based on Centrifugal Pump Prototype Characteristic Curve Correction, columnId=null, journalTitle=Water Resources and Power, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

According to the prototype characteristic curve of the pump set, there will be a deviation between the theoretical value and the actual value when guiding the actual scheduling of the pumping station, which will affect the accuracy of daily scheduling and energy consumption evaluation. Therefore, taking Liyuzhou pumping station as an example, this paper proposes a method combining the measured data of the pumping station and the law of similarity to correct the prototype characteristic curve of the pump set. The flow optimization distribution model is established in terms of the actual operating conditions, and the difference of optimal flow distribution scheme of pumping station between the characteristic curve of the pump set before and after the correction is analyzed. The results show that the deviation between the actual operating head and the theoretical head is mainly concentrated in 8%-11%, and the deviation between the actual operating efficiency and the theoretical efficiency is mainly concentrated in 6%-9% when the prototype characteristic curve of the pump set is used. When the flow optimization distribution scheme is selected through the corrected characteristic curve of the pump set, the results are more in line with the actual operation situation, which can effectively strengthen the guiding role of the flow optimization distribution scheme of the pumping station on the actual scheduling.

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针对泵组原型特性曲线在指导泵站实际调度时会存在理论值与实际值出现偏差的现象,从而影响日常调度及能耗评估的精度。为此,以鲤鱼洲泵站为例,提出了由泵站实测数据和相似定律结合的方法对泵组的原型特性曲线进行了校正,并通过构建的流量优化分配模型,以实际运行工况为基础,进行校正前后的泵组特性曲线对泵站流量优化分配方案的差异分析。结果表明,利用泵组原型特性曲线调度时,实际运行扬程与理论扬程的偏差主要集中在8%~11%,实际运行效率与理论效率的偏差主要集中在6%~9%;通过校正后的泵组特性曲线进行流量优化分配方案选取时,结果更贴合实际运行情况,可有效加强泵站流量优化分配方案对实际调度的指导作用。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张召(1992-),男,博士、高级工程师,研究方向为计算水力学及数值模拟,E-mail:
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雷晓辉(1974-),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,研究方向为复杂水资源系统预报与调度,E-mail:

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1b.河北工程大学 河北省智慧水利重点实验室,河北 邯郸 056038
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雷晓辉(1974-),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,研究方向为复杂水资源系统预报与调度,E-mail:

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雷晓辉(1974-),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,研究方向为复杂水资源系统预报与调度,E-mail:

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figureFileSmall=wdm4Xw1CO0KBk9Sv1saMYw==, figureFileBig=ozvCiBQAw5MteNi8QZLNww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207271198132622136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271181367988357, language=CN, label=图6, caption=基于实测数据拟合的流量—扬程—转速曲线和流量—效率—转速曲线, figureFileSmall=wdm4Xw1CO0KBk9Sv1saMYw==, figureFileBig=ozvCiBQAw5MteNi8QZLNww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1207271198258451261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271181367988357, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Comparison between the measured data and the theoretical data of Liyuzhou pumping station

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实际流量实际转速实际扬程/m理论扬程/m扬程偏差/%实际效率/%理论效率/%效率偏差/%
13.37185.2414.8616.279.5076.3881.186.28
13.33213.4125.1527.097.7182.0885.333.96
15.90209.8216.3618.6514.0071.4977.678.64
10.87174.6516.3618.2211.3782.3885.684.01
13.52191.4516.3018.1411.2677.8782.275.71
9.34166.9516.8618.489.6181.2985.525.21
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198388474694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271181367988357, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鲤鱼洲泵组实测数据与理论数据对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
实际流量实际转速实际扬程/m理论扬程/m扬程偏差/%实际效率/%理论效率/%效率偏差/%
13.37185.2414.8616.279.5076.3881.186.28
13.33213.4125.1527.097.7182.0885.333.96
15.90209.8216.3618.6514.0071.4977.678.64
10.87174.6516.3618.2211.3782.3885.684.01
13.52191.4516.3018.1411.2677.8782.275.71
9.34166.9516.8618.489.6181.2985.525.21
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198556246861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271181367988357, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Comparison of optimized operation plans before and after curve correction

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
泵站总流量/(m3·s-1扬程/m实际效率/%原型曲线方案运行效率/%校正曲线方案运行效率/%
21.1814.6080.8683.8081.08
32.2614.2781.2483.4480.74
46.0017.1381.7484.8382.91
55.4519.3778.5082.2280.11
63.4718.2180.8583.8780.79
79.9127.3583.1386.4282.74
80.3322.2682.0486.3482.35
), ArticleFig(id=1207271198711436112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1205116964453384197, articleId=1207271181367988357, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

曲线校正前后优化运行方案对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
泵站总流量/(m3·s-1扬程/m实际效率/%原型曲线方案运行效率/%校正曲线方案运行效率/%
21.1814.6080.8683.8081.08
32.2614.2781.2483.4480.74
46.0017.1381.7484.8382.91
55.4519.3778.5082.2280.11
63.4718.2180.8583.8780.79
79.9127.3583.1386.4282.74
80.3322.2682.0486.3482.35
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基于离心泵原型特性曲线校正的泵站流量优化分配模型
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雷晓辉 1a, 1b, 2 , 范海龙 1a, 1b , 张召 2 , 王小林 3
水电能源科学 | 水利枢纽、水利建筑物 2025,43(9): 131-135
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水电能源科学 | 水利枢纽、水利建筑物 2025, 43(9): 131-135
基于离心泵原型特性曲线校正的泵站流量优化分配模型
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雷晓辉1a, 1b, 2 , 范海龙1a, 1b, 张召2 , 王小林3
作者信息
  • 1a.河北工程大学 水利水电学院,河北 邯郸 056038
  • 1b.河北工程大学 河北省智慧水利重点实验室,河北 邯郸 056038
  • 2.中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038
  • 3.浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058
  • 雷晓辉(1974-),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,研究方向为复杂水资源系统预报与调度,E-mail:

通讯作者:

张召(1992-),男,博士、高级工程师,研究方向为计算水力学及数值模拟,E-mail:
Flow Optimization Distribution Model Based on Centrifugal Pump Prototype Characteristic Curve Correction
Xiao-hui LEI1a, 1b, 2 , Hai-long FAN1a, 1b, Zhao ZHANG2 , Xiao-lin WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1a.School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
  • 1b.Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
  • 2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
  • 3.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242084
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针对泵组原型特性曲线在指导泵站实际调度时会存在理论值与实际值出现偏差的现象,从而影响日常调度及能耗评估的精度。为此,以鲤鱼洲泵站为例,提出了由泵站实测数据和相似定律结合的方法对泵组的原型特性曲线进行了校正,并通过构建的流量优化分配模型,以实际运行工况为基础,进行校正前后的泵组特性曲线对泵站流量优化分配方案的差异分析。结果表明,利用泵组原型特性曲线调度时,实际运行扬程与理论扬程的偏差主要集中在8%~11%,实际运行效率与理论效率的偏差主要集中在6%~9%;通过校正后的泵组特性曲线进行流量优化分配方案选取时,结果更贴合实际运行情况,可有效加强泵站流量优化分配方案对实际调度的指导作用。

原型特性曲线  /  曲线校正  /  泵站优化  /  偏差

According to the prototype characteristic curve of the pump set, there will be a deviation between the theoretical value and the actual value when guiding the actual scheduling of the pumping station, which will affect the accuracy of daily scheduling and energy consumption evaluation. Therefore, taking Liyuzhou pumping station as an example, this paper proposes a method combining the measured data of the pumping station and the law of similarity to correct the prototype characteristic curve of the pump set. The flow optimization distribution model is established in terms of the actual operating conditions, and the difference of optimal flow distribution scheme of pumping station between the characteristic curve of the pump set before and after the correction is analyzed. The results show that the deviation between the actual operating head and the theoretical head is mainly concentrated in 8%-11%, and the deviation between the actual operating efficiency and the theoretical efficiency is mainly concentrated in 6%-9% when the prototype characteristic curve of the pump set is used. When the flow optimization distribution scheme is selected through the corrected characteristic curve of the pump set, the results are more in line with the actual operation situation, which can effectively strengthen the guiding role of the flow optimization distribution scheme of the pumping station on the actual scheduling.

prototype characteristic curves  /  curve correction  /  pumping station optimization  /  deviation
雷晓辉, 范海龙, 张召, 王小林. 基于离心泵原型特性曲线校正的泵站流量优化分配模型. 水电能源科学, 2025 , 43 (9) : 131 -135 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242084
Xiao-hui LEI, Hai-long FAN, Zhao ZHANG, Xiao-lin WANG. Flow Optimization Distribution Model Based on Centrifugal Pump Prototype Characteristic Curve Correction[J]. Water Resources and Power, 2025 , 43 (9) : 131 -135 . DOI: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242084
基于我国水资源缺乏且不平衡的现状,建设大型的水资源配置工程会越来越多[1],水资源配置工程与水泵密切相关[2]。据相关统计数据,有关泵类的产品能占据全国用电量的15%[3],且这一比例还在逐年上升。如今,泵的应用领域不断扩大,不仅要保证安全运行,同时还要具备高效性、节能性[4-6]。针对泵站节能优化,现有研究大多以泵组原型特性曲线为基础,综合考虑电机效率、传动损耗等影响因素,计算泵组的运行效率和功率等参数进一步评估泵站的运行能耗。泵组的原型特性曲线是水泵出厂前,通过在实验室设置的等比例水泵模型,依据多种工况下的运行数据进行绘制,经过安装、调试、运行后,泵组的原型特性曲线在一定程度上可指导泵组进行调度。但实际运行的工况会与原型曲线上有所偏差,导致调度精度降低、运行能耗计算不准等问题,所以准确的泵组特性曲线对日常实际调度、能耗评估具有重要作用。为此,本文在现有研究的基础上,通过泵站实际运行数据、相似理论等对泵组的特性曲线进行校正,并通过构建的流量优化分配模型,以实际运行工况为基础,进行校正前后的泵组特性曲线对泵站流量优化分配方案的差异分析,获得一些有益的结论,可供借鉴。
泵组特性曲线校正原理为水泵的相似定律。水泵相似定律[7]反映了相似水泵各性能参数之间的关系,相似运行工况下的流量、扬程与水泵叶轮几何尺寸及转速之间的关系如下。
水泵流量Q及两台相似水泵的流量之比Q/QM计算公式为:
式中,QD2ηv分别为实型泵的流量、叶轮直径、容积效率;QMD2MηvM分别为模型泵的流量、叶轮直径、容积效率;vm2vm2M分别为实型泵、模型泵叶轮出口处的径向分速度;ψ2ψ2M分别为实型泵、模型泵对应的线性尺寸;b2b2M分别为实型泵、模型泵叶轮出口处的流道宽度。
由于两泵几何相似,则它们的排挤系数相等,即ψ2=ψ2M,又因为b2/b2M=D2/D2Mvm2/vm2M= D2n/(D2MnM),代入式(2)得:
式中,nnM分别为实型泵、模型泵的转速。
由叶片泵的叶轮理论可知,水泵的扬程为H=u2vu2-u1vu1ηh/g,因此,两台相似水泵的扬程之比为:
式中,HHM分别为实型泵、模型泵的扬程;u2u2M分别为实型泵、模型泵叶轮出口处的圆周速度;vu2vu2M分别为实型泵、模型泵叶轮出口处的切向分速度;u1u1M分别为实型泵、模型泵叶轮进口处的圆周速度;vu1vu1M分别为实型泵、模型泵叶轮进口处的切向分速度;ηhηhM分别为实型泵、模型泵的水力效率。
由于两台水泵运动相似,则模型泵与实型泵的速度比值相同:
式(5)代入式(4),得:
变速后的扬程换算方法采用同一台泵在不同转速下的Q-H性能曲线可通过相似定律换算得到。按照泵的相似理论,同一台泵的转速变化时,其变化前后的性能相似,因此可利用比例律换算变速后的特性曲线[8],即根据已知转速的性能曲线换算另一转速的性能曲线。
由于变速前后叶轮的直径相同,输送介质种类与密度均未改变,其性能换算由式(3)、(6)简化后的所谓“比例律”公式确定:
式中,nr为额定转速;QrHr分别为额定转速相应流量、扬程;ng为变速后的转速;QgHg分别为变速后的相应流量、扬程。
变速后的效率换算可采用下式先求出水泵最高效率
式中,为水泵变速相应的最高效率;ηopt,r为水泵额定转速相应的最优效率;β按莫迪公式[9]β=0.2。
再确定变速后其余非最优效率点的效率值,假定该值相对于变速后最优效率的下降速率与额定转速下各效率ηir相对于最优效率ηopt,r的下降速率相同,即,则变速后非最高效率点的各效率值为,其中i为工况点编号。通过此方法可得到同一台泵在不同转速下的Q-η性能曲线。
现以水泵长序列有效历史监测数据为基准,将不同转速下的实际运行工况点(QiHi)和(Qiηi)筛选后,利用比例率公式和效率换算方法,全部转化为额定转速下对应的(QirHir)和(Qirηir)工况点,从而拟合出一组校正后水泵额定转速下的性能曲线。最后,将这组校正后的曲线再通过比例律公式和效率换算方法,得到不同转速下的流量—扬程、流量—效率性能曲线,最终供泵站优化调度模型调用。
流量优化分配模型用于解决泵站流量在各泵组之间的最优分配问题。其原理为基于校正后的水泵特性曲线,以泵站运行效率最高为目标,泵组流量作为决策变量,在满足泵组转速、流量、扬程等约束下,采用粒子群优化算法进行求解,给出目标流量、扬程组合下效率最高的各台泵组流量分配方案。
流量优化分配模型的构建过程具体包括目标函数、决策变量、约束条件、模型求解四个方面。
(1)目标函数。即:
其中
式中,ηtot为泵站总效率;ρ为水的密度;g为重力加速度;Qt为泵站运行流量;Ht为泵站扬程;qi为第i台泵组的流量;Hi为第i台泵组的扬程;ηi为第i台泵组的效率;ηpumpAssemηtransηrηf分别为水泵装置效率、传动效率、电机效率、变频效率。
(2)决策变量。以泵站每台泵组的流量qi作为决策变量。
(3)约束条件。在泵站运行流量确定下,考虑泵组流量、扬程和水位的约束条件:
式中,qi,minqi,max分别为泵组最小、最大流量;HminHmax分别为泵组最小、最大扬程;ZupZdown分别为泵站进水池、出水池水位;Zup,minZup,max分别为泵站进水池最低运行水位、最高运行水位;Zdown,minZdown,max分别为泵站出水池最低运行水位、最高运行水位。
(4)模型求解。水泵的流量—扬程—效率曲线、流量—扬程—转速曲线可拟合为下式代入到流量优化分配模型中:
式中,a0a1a2b1b2b3c0c1c2d1d2d3e1e2e3f均为常数。
具体模型求解步骤见图1
珠江三角洲水资源配置工程为全国172项节水供水重大水利工程之一,该工程于2024年1月正式全线通水,有效解决了深圳、东莞、广州南沙等地的发展缺水问题,同时也将对粤港澳大湾区发展提供战略支撑。鲤鱼洲泵站是该工程中的取水泵站,该泵站设计安装8台(6用2备)立式单级单吸蜗壳离心泵,泵站设计流量为80 m3/s,单机设计流量为13.5 m3/s,设计扬程为42.2 m,额定转速为250 r/min,电机功率为8 000 kW,叶片数为7个,采用变频调速运行来满足流量和扬程的要求[10]。目前,鲤鱼洲泵站机组流量常年运行在9~16 m3/s,扬程在14~28 m之间,转速在160~220 r/min之间,经筛查实测数据发现,泵组的实际扬程、效率与经过泵组原型特性曲线计算的结果存在偏差,见表1。因此,以泵组原型理论曲线为基础的运行方案不能精准指导实际调度和能耗评估。
为分析鲤鱼洲泵组实测的扬程、效率与原型特性曲线的偏差,现将鲤鱼洲泵站泵组2024年6~8月的运行数据以10 min为采集精度,筛选出近3 000个有效工况。筛选工况完毕后,利用比例律公式和效率换算方法,换算成额定转速(n=250 r/min)下的工况点,即根据大量实测数据经过相似定律转化得到额定转速下的流量—扬程工况点和流量—效率工况点。同时,根据额定转速下的泵组原型理论曲线,将实测的流量数据代入,即可求得相应流量下对应的理论扬程和理论效率,最后可对比理论值与实测值的偏差情况。
图2所示,根据实测数据转化的流量—扬程曲线(简称“转化曲线”)与泵组原型理论的流量—扬程曲线(简称“理论曲线”)整体趋势一致,但转化曲线低于理论曲线,且存在一定偏差值。图3为同一流量工况下所对应的转化扬程和理论扬程的偏差,最小偏差为5.22%,最大偏差为15.8%,但偏差主要集中在8%~11%,占全部工况的65%左右,由此可得出,使用泵组原型理论流量—扬程曲线进行调度时,实际运行扬程与理论扬程的偏差主要集中在8%~11%。
图4所示,根据实测数据转化的流量—效率曲线低于泵组原型理论的流量—效率曲线,但整体趋势一致,且存在一定偏差值。图5为同一流量工况下所对应的转化效率和理论效率的偏差,最小偏差为3.40%,最大偏差为12.13%,但偏差主要集中在6%~9%,占全部工况的75%左右,由此可得出,使用泵组原型理论流量—效率曲线进行调度时,实际运行效率与理论效率的偏差主要集中在6%~9%。
经过转化方法最终得到不同转速下的流量—扬程曲线和流量—效率曲线,见图6。最终,可拟合为函数关系式供流量优化分配模型调用。
流量—扬程—转速关系为:
流量—效率—转速关系为:
选取鲤鱼洲泵站2024年6~8月的部分历史运行工况进行泵站流量优化分配方案的求取,并列出泵组特性曲线校正前后的流量优化分配方案进行对比分析,结果见表2。因为鲤鱼洲泵站所配备的8台机组均相同,各个机组间的差异性可忽略不计,且考虑到实际开机情况,开机泵组的流量基本相同,所以最优流量分配结果仍为等流量分配。由表2可知,由原型泵组特性曲线得到的泵组效率普遍偏高,而通过校正后的泵组特性曲线进行求取流量优化分配的方案时,结果更贴合实际的运行效果,为泵站实际调度时的能耗计算提供更为准确的边界条件。
a. 以鲤鱼洲泵站为例,使用泵组原型特性曲线进行调度时,实际运行扬程与理论扬程的偏差主要集中在8%~11%,实际运行效率与理论效率的偏差主要集中在6%~9%,利用实测数据和相似定律等可有效减小这种偏差并校正泵组特性曲线。
b. 通过校正后的离心泵特性曲线进行泵站流量优化分配方案求取时,优化结果更贴合实际运行情况,可有效加强泵站流量优化分配方案对实际调度的指导作用。
  • 河北省自然科学基金项目(E2024402142)
  • 水利部重大科技项目水工程智能调度控制技术装备与仿真测试平台研发(SKS-2022117)
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2025年第43卷第9期
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doi: 10.20040/j.cnki.1000-7709.2025.20242084
  • 接收时间:2024-11-06
  • 首发时间:2025-12-15
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-06
  • 修回日期:2024-12-24
基金
河北省自然科学基金项目(E2024402142)
水利部重大科技项目水工程智能调度控制技术装备与仿真测试平台研发(SKS-2022117)
作者信息
    1a.河北工程大学 水利水电学院,河北 邯郸 056038
    1b.河北工程大学 河北省智慧水利重点实验室,河北 邯郸 056038
    2.中国水利水电科学研究院,北京 100038
    3.浙江大学建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058

通讯作者:

张召(1992-),男,博士、高级工程师,研究方向为计算水力学及数值模拟,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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