Article(id=1277330355229168149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1661097600000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-22, revisedDate=1667059200000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468888337, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468888337, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468888337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468888337, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277330185204666919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='443', pageEnd='652', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1711296000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1782468847800, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782468948575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=495, endPage=502, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277330355539546647, articleId=1277330355229168149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Screening of New Sugarcane Varieties with High Light Efficiency and Photosynthetic Potential Analysis, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Screening new sugarcane varieties with high light efficiency could guarantee the high-quality development and sugar safety. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and calculated from Lake-model for 3 commercial varieties and 10 new varieties to investigate the sugarcane photosynthetic potential under cloudy and sunny day through the mechanism model of photosynthetic electron flux (J) response to light. The results showed that light energy balanced between photosynthetic election transport and regulated energy dissipation (ΦNPQ) under low and high light, the appearance of increased non-regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) under middle light resulted from the different transition mode among each sugarcane varieties according to increasing photo active radiation (PAR) other than photo-damage. Compared with in sunny day, the initial light utilization rate (αe) of all sugarcane varieties was significantly higher in cloudy day, but J showed sharp decrease at the same PAR level. RG16117 and RG 1997 exhibited the highest photo-quantum efficiency (ΦII) in cloudy and sunny day respectively, which showed no significantly difference between RG16239 and RG1997 under high light. ΦII of RG16239 was lower than ROC22 and RG1997 under low and middle light with the lowest ΦNO, but the saturate PAR and maximum J were relatively high under high light. The photosynthetic electron transport capacity index (JPT) based on the weight ratio of cloudy and sunny days in recent 5 years exposed as RG1997 (21.93)>ROC22 (21.43)>ROC16 (20.62)>RG16239 (20.27)>GL05136 (19.43)>RG11713 (19.30)>RG1462 (19.29)>RG14291 (19.03)>RG16117 (18.94)>RG1339 (18.93)>RG1876 (18.08)>RG1 (17.41)>RG11559 (16.84), which made RG1997 and RG16239 high light efficiency varieties.

, authors=null, authorsList=Dongsheng AN, Huzi NIE, Yang LIU, Baoshan ZHAO, Chengming YAN, Ran KONG, Junbo SU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Junbo SU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277330358307787303, articleId=1277330355229168149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=甘蔗高光效新品种筛选与光合潜力分析, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

筛选高光效甘蔗新品种并评价其光合潜力可为糖料蔗高质量发展及维护食糖供给安全提供保障。本研究采用叶绿素荧光技术快速测定3个经典的商业主栽品种和10个甘蔗新品种的光反应和暗反应参数,计算基于Lake-model的叶绿素荧光参数,同时用光合电子流(J)对光响应的机理模型拟合光响应曲线,对阴天和晴天下不同甘蔗品种光合电子传递特征参数进行比较分析。结果表明:低光和高光下光能在光合电子传递与可调节性能量耗散(ΦNPQ)之间达到平衡,只有在中光下非调节性能量耗散(ΦNO)在不同品种间出现差异,但这并不代表出现光损伤,而是由于不同甘蔗品种的能量分配在光合有效辐射(PAR)增加的过程中呈现出差异化的过渡模式。所有品种在阴天的初始光能利用率(αe)均高于晴天,但在相同PAR下阴天的光合电子流远低于晴天。热甘16117和热甘1997分别在阴天和晴天的光量子效率(ΦII)最高,热甘16239虽然在中、低光下光量子效率不及ROC22和热甘1997,但其在中光下非调节性能量耗散最低,且在高光下具有较强的饱和光强(PARsat)和最大电子传递速率(Jmax),同时光量子效率与ROC22、热甘1997差异不显著。而基于近5 a试验地阴天和晴天权重占比计算的总和光合电子传递能力指数由大到小依次为:热甘1997(21.93)>ROC22(21.43)>ROC16(20.62)>热甘16239(20.27)>桂柳05136(19.43)>热甘11713(19.30)>热甘1462(19.29)>热甘14291(19.03)>热甘16117(18.94)>热甘1339(18.93)>热甘1876(18.08)>热甘1(17.41)>热甘11559(16.84)。综上,热甘1997和热甘16239可作为甘蔗高光效新品种。

, authors=

安东升(1984—),男,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:热带旱作生理生态。

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* 苏俊波(SU Junbo),E-mail:
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安东升(1984—),男,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:热带旱作生理生态。

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安东升(1984—),男,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:热带旱作生理生态。

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不同小写字母表示在0.05水平差异显著。

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Photosynthetic parameters of different sugarcane varieties under cloudy and sunny day

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品种Variety阴天Cloudy晴天SunnyJPT(×104)
αePARsat/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Jmax/(μmol·m-2·s–1)JPC(×104)αePARsat/(μmol·m-2·s–1)Jmax/(μmol·m–2·s–1)JPS(×104)
热甘161170.377509.338.71.150.2701179.1156.021.2218.94
热甘18760.436399.328.10.930.2691093.0154.320.2818.08
热甘19970.405438.331.71.010.2851309.6182.224.6221.93
热甘13390.394489.533.71.040.2631196.8162.821.2318.93
热甘117130.395478.435.91.100.2591313.9158.921.6419.3
热甘10.416436.331.51.010.2551076.1161.019.5217.41
热甘14620.424511.830.50.960.2831145.1159.621.6519.29
热甘142910.430622.931.50.970.2261252.6164.721.3619.03
热甘162390.343512.033.41.000.2471252.6173.422.7420.27
热甘115590.416466.233.11.040.2281165.4142.718.8716.84
桂柳051360.385524.433.21.020.2671169.9163.321.8019.43
ROC160.472586.731.20.980.3171071.3176.623.1420.62
ROC220.321558.229.50.890.2881217.8178.724.0721.43
), ArticleFig(id=1277330371192689264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330355229168149, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同甘蔗品种在阴天和晴天下的光合特征参数

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品种Variety阴天Cloudy晴天SunnyJPT(×104)
αePARsat/(μmol·m–2·s–1)Jmax/(μmol·m-2·s–1)JPC(×104)αePARsat/(μmol·m-2·s–1)Jmax/(μmol·m–2·s–1)JPS(×104)
热甘161170.377509.338.71.150.2701179.1156.021.2218.94
热甘18760.436399.328.10.930.2691093.0154.320.2818.08
热甘19970.405438.331.71.010.2851309.6182.224.6221.93
热甘13390.394489.533.71.040.2631196.8162.821.2318.93
热甘117130.395478.435.91.100.2591313.9158.921.6419.3
热甘10.416436.331.51.010.2551076.1161.019.5217.41
热甘14620.424511.830.50.960.2831145.1159.621.6519.29
热甘142910.430622.931.50.970.2261252.6164.721.3619.03
热甘162390.343512.033.41.000.2471252.6173.422.7420.27
热甘115590.416466.233.11.040.2281165.4142.718.8716.84
桂柳051360.385524.433.21.020.2671169.9163.321.8019.43
ROC160.472586.731.20.980.3171071.3176.623.1420.62
ROC220.321558.229.50.890.2881217.8178.724.0721.43
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甘蔗高光效新品种筛选与光合潜力分析
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安东升 1, 4 , 聂虎子 2 , 刘洋 3 , 赵宝山 1, 4 , 严程明 1, 4 , 孔冉 1 , 苏俊波 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(3): 495-502
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (3) : 495 -502
甘蔗高光效新品种筛选与光合潜力分析
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安东升1, 4, 聂虎子2, 刘洋3, 赵宝山1, 4, 严程明1, 4, 孔冉1, 苏俊波1, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524091
  • 2.广东省农业技术推广中心,广东广州 510515
  • 3.嘉兴职业技术学院,浙江嘉兴 314036
  • 4.国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测湛江试验站,广东湛江 524091
通讯作者:
* 苏俊波(SU Junbo),E-mail:
Screening of New Sugarcane Varieties with High Light Efficiency and Photosynthetic Potential Analysis
Dongsheng AN1, 4, Huzi NIE2, Yang LIU3, Baoshan ZHAO1, 4, Chengming YAN1, 4, Ran KONG1, Junbo SU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Dryland and Water Saving Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
  • 2.Agro-Tech Extension Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
  • 3.Jiaxing Vocational and Technical College, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314036, China
  • 4.Zhanjiang Experimental and Observation Station for National Long-term Agricultural Green Development, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.007
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筛选高光效甘蔗新品种并评价其光合潜力可为糖料蔗高质量发展及维护食糖供给安全提供保障。本研究采用叶绿素荧光技术快速测定3个经典的商业主栽品种和10个甘蔗新品种的光反应和暗反应参数,计算基于Lake-model的叶绿素荧光参数,同时用光合电子流(J)对光响应的机理模型拟合光响应曲线,对阴天和晴天下不同甘蔗品种光合电子传递特征参数进行比较分析。结果表明:低光和高光下光能在光合电子传递与可调节性能量耗散(ΦNPQ)之间达到平衡,只有在中光下非调节性能量耗散(ΦNO)在不同品种间出现差异,但这并不代表出现光损伤,而是由于不同甘蔗品种的能量分配在光合有效辐射(PAR)增加的过程中呈现出差异化的过渡模式。所有品种在阴天的初始光能利用率(αe)均高于晴天,但在相同PAR下阴天的光合电子流远低于晴天。热甘16117和热甘1997分别在阴天和晴天的光量子效率(ΦII)最高,热甘16239虽然在中、低光下光量子效率不及ROC22和热甘1997,但其在中光下非调节性能量耗散最低,且在高光下具有较强的饱和光强(PARsat)和最大电子传递速率(Jmax),同时光量子效率与ROC22、热甘1997差异不显著。而基于近5 a试验地阴天和晴天权重占比计算的总和光合电子传递能力指数由大到小依次为:热甘1997(21.93)>ROC22(21.43)>ROC16(20.62)>热甘16239(20.27)>桂柳05136(19.43)>热甘11713(19.30)>热甘1462(19.29)>热甘14291(19.03)>热甘16117(18.94)>热甘1339(18.93)>热甘1876(18.08)>热甘1(17.41)>热甘11559(16.84)。综上,热甘1997和热甘16239可作为甘蔗高光效新品种。

甘蔗  /  高光效  /  新品种  /  筛选  /  光合潜力

Screening new sugarcane varieties with high light efficiency could guarantee the high-quality development and sugar safety. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and calculated from Lake-model for 3 commercial varieties and 10 new varieties to investigate the sugarcane photosynthetic potential under cloudy and sunny day through the mechanism model of photosynthetic electron flux (J) response to light. The results showed that light energy balanced between photosynthetic election transport and regulated energy dissipation (ΦNPQ) under low and high light, the appearance of increased non-regulated energy dissipation (ΦNO) under middle light resulted from the different transition mode among each sugarcane varieties according to increasing photo active radiation (PAR) other than photo-damage. Compared with in sunny day, the initial light utilization rate (αe) of all sugarcane varieties was significantly higher in cloudy day, but J showed sharp decrease at the same PAR level. RG16117 and RG 1997 exhibited the highest photo-quantum efficiency (ΦII) in cloudy and sunny day respectively, which showed no significantly difference between RG16239 and RG1997 under high light. ΦII of RG16239 was lower than ROC22 and RG1997 under low and middle light with the lowest ΦNO, but the saturate PAR and maximum J were relatively high under high light. The photosynthetic electron transport capacity index (JPT) based on the weight ratio of cloudy and sunny days in recent 5 years exposed as RG1997 (21.93)>ROC22 (21.43)>ROC16 (20.62)>RG16239 (20.27)>GL05136 (19.43)>RG11713 (19.30)>RG1462 (19.29)>RG14291 (19.03)>RG16117 (18.94)>RG1339 (18.93)>RG1876 (18.08)>RG1 (17.41)>RG11559 (16.84), which made RG1997 and RG16239 high light efficiency varieties.

sugarcane  /  high light efficiency  /  new varieties  /  screening  /  photosynthetic potential
安东升, 聂虎子, 刘洋, 赵宝山, 严程明, 孔冉, 苏俊波. 甘蔗高光效新品种筛选与光合潜力分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (3) : 495 -502 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.007
Dongsheng AN, Huzi NIE, Yang LIU, Baoshan ZHAO, Chengming YAN, Ran KONG, Junbo SU. Screening of New Sugarcane Varieties with High Light Efficiency and Photosynthetic Potential Analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (3) : 495 -502 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.007
作为我国重要的农产品和战略物资,糖料蔗的稳定与高质量发展是维护我国食糖供给安全的必要保障。由于品种单一、退化严重、单产波动大、机械化水平低而造成的甘蔗种植收益产出比低是甘蔗产业面临的主要问题[1]。蔗糖产量主要靠新品种选育和栽培模式革新实现,构成蔗糖产量的主要因素包括含糖量及由单茎重和有效茎数决定的蔗茎产量。在相同环境背景下,有效茎形成主要受甘蔗品种分蘖率[2]和宿根发株率[3]等遗传背景影响;单茎重和糖分的积累转运均由叶片光合作用相关的基因与蛋白反馈直接调控光合作用进程决定[4]
作物高光效种质的筛选指标分为理想株型指标、光合生理指标、群体光合能力指标和光合产物指标[5]。高光效在粮、棉、油、糖等农业战略农作物中已有较为广泛研究。其中,在主粮作物水稻[6]、小麦[7]、玉米[8],马铃薯[9]和甘薯[10]上均形成了较为系统的高光效种质筛选方法;在棉花上,综合株型特征、光合荧光特性、干物质生产与产量等系统阐释了不同基因型棉花高光效的生理基础[11];在主要油料作物中,通过气体交换参数对大豆开展光合、气孔、水分3个主成分分析,明确适合育种需要的高光效大豆种质群类[12],同时在大豆光能高效利用的分子调控机制方面也有较为深入研究[13],通过光合特性与农艺株型联合分析为不同油菜和花生高光效品系的筛选奠定扎实的基础[14-15]
上述研究主要采用光合生理与光合株型指标,部分研究配合叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、农艺性状等指标,部分研究辅以产量和品质指标。针对甘蔗的研究主要集中在能源甘蔗群体光合生产能力与重要株型参数的关系分析,明确了不同甘蔗品种叶面积指数,单位叶面积净同化速率与生长速率,干物质重量之间的关系,得出以作物生长率作为群体光合生产力的衡量指标[16];刘杨杨[17]等利用不同模型拟合并比较不同甘蔗品种CO2响应参数差异,进而评价甘蔗光合作用潜力。作为光合作用的探针,叶绿素荧光能够快速无损检测光合系统运转状况[18],光合电子流对光响应的机理模型被用于拟合典型C3植物光响应曲线[19-21],但在C4作物中的应用尚未见报道。
本研究采用叶绿素荧光技术,对3个经典商业主栽品种和10个甘蔗新品种的光暗反应参数进行快速测定,通过多点测量、曲线拟合的方式,对阴天和晴天下不同甘蔗品种光合电子传递特征参数进行比较分析,为高光效的甘蔗新品种的快速筛选提供理论与数据支撑。
供试品种为中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所自主选育的10个甘蔗新品种:热甘16117、热甘1876、热甘1997、热甘1339、热甘11713、热甘1、热甘1462、热甘14291、热甘16239、热甘11559,对照材料为新台糖22号(ROC22)、新台糖16号(ROC16)和桂柳05136。试验于2021年9月—2022年1月在中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所甘蔗新品种选育综合试验基地进行(21°08′N,110°16′E,海拔16 m),试验期间环境背景数据见图1
2021年9月9日布置桶栽试验,栽培桶口径40 cm、底径30 cm、高45 cm,每桶种植4段,每段1个芽,每个品种种植12桶,置于硬化地面上,保证充分的水肥供应。基质配比为红壤∶有机质=9∶1,干容重为1.24 g/cm3,基质填充至桶内40 cm高度。
(1)待甘蔗生长至拔节初期,每个品种筛选长势均匀一致的3桶,采用便携式叶绿素荧光仪(MINI-PAM-II,德国WALS)分别测定上部正序3片完全展开叶在阴天(2022年1月14—15日)和晴天(2022年1月16—17日)上午不同时刻的光反应参数,稳态荧光(Fs)和饱和光下最大荧光(Fm′),计算光量子效率ΦII=(Fm′–Fs)/Fm[22];光合电子流J=PAR×0.84×0.50×ΦII,其中,0.84为经验性吸光系数,0.50为假设天线色素吸收的光能被2个光系统平均分配[23],阴天采用人工光源测定PAR为26、46、66、92、128、195、292、430、641、835、1168 μmol/(m2·s)的光反应参数,每个梯度适应时间90 s;晴天测定上午不同时刻自然光下[PAR每跨越100 μmol/(m2·s)至少包含1个测量点]PSII达到稳定后的光反应参数,每个品种测24个点以上用于曲线拟合。
(2)采用人工光源测定充分光适应后+1叶片中部叶位低光[PAR为190 μmol/(m2·s)]、中光[PAR为625 μmol/(m2·s)]和高光[PAR为1150 μmol/(m2·s)]下光反应参数,方法同1.2.2-(1),用黑布遮挡30 min后测定初始荧光(Fo)和饱和光强下最大荧光(Fm),计算潜在最大光能利用效率Fv/Fm=(FmFo)/Fm,非调节性能量耗散ΦNO=1/[NPQ+ 1+qLFm/Fo–1)],其中,qL=(Fo/Fs)(Fm–Fs/Fm–Fo[22],NPQ=Fm/Fm′–1,光反应下稳态最小荧光Fo′=Fo/[(Fv/Fm)+(Fo/Fm′)][24];可调节性能量耗散ΦNPQ=1–ΦIIΦNO。每个品种重复3次。
(3)参考叶子飘等[21]研究结果,采用直角双曲线修正模型拟合J与PAR之间的关系,拟合初始光能利用效率(αe)、饱和光强(PARsat)及最大电子传递速率(Jmax),详见式①~③。
式中,βeγe代表植物天线色素分子参数。
利用PAR-J拟合曲线与横坐标的面积衡量不同甘蔗品种在阴天[b=400 μmol/(m2·s),a=0]、晴天[b=1800 μmol/(m2·s),a=0]及总和光合电子传递能力指数JPCJPSJPT
采用Excel软件进行数据统计,利用Slide Write Plus for Windows(Version 7.0)软件将曲线与参数拟合。
基于Lake-model的叶绿素荧光参数对不同甘蔗品种在低光、中光、高光下叶片能量平衡分析图2,结果表明,低光条件下,ΦII最高和最低的3个品种分别为ROC16、ROC22、热甘1462和热甘14291、热甘11559、热甘11713,且ROC16的ΦII显著高于除ROC22之外的其他品种,热甘14291和热甘11559的ΦII则显著低于除热甘11713之外的其他品种;ΦNPQ在不同品种之间的变化趋势与ΦII相反,热甘14291和热甘11559最高而ROC16最低;ΦNO在不同品种之间差异不显著。
中光条件下,ΦII最高和最低的3个品种分别为ROC16、热甘1997、ROC22和热甘11559、热甘14291、热甘1876,ROC16和热甘1997的ΦII显著高于除ROC22和热甘16117之外的其他品种,热甘11559显著低于其他品种;ΦNPQ表现为热甘11559显著高于ROC16和热甘1997,而ΦNO则表现为热甘1876和热甘1462显著高于热甘16239。
高光条件下,ΦII最高和最低的3个品种分别为ROC22、热甘1997、热甘16239和热甘11559、热甘1876、热甘11713,且ROC22和热甘1997显著高于除热甘16239之外的其他品种,热甘11559显著低于除热甘1876之外的其他品种;热甘11559、热甘1876和热甘11713的ΦNPQ最高,显著高于ROC22和热甘1997,ΦNO在不同品种之间差异不显著。
Fv/Fm在不同品种之间差异不显著,说明不同甘蔗品种拥有相同的潜在最大光能利用效率。ΦNO对光照强度的变化不敏感,将不同光强下的ΦNO汇总分析结果表明,除热甘1876的显著高于热甘16239和ROC22外,其余品种之间的差异并不显著。
阴天条件下,所有品种的PAR-J响应曲线均表现为先上升后趋于稳定(图3)。对不同品种的αe、PARsatJmax的拟合结果表明,ROC16和热甘16117分别具有最高的初始光能利用效率和最大电子传递速率,总体上,除ROC22之外初始光能利用效率高的品种,其最大电子传递速率小。饱和光强代表品种能够承受环境光合能量输入的能力,ROC16和热甘14291同时具备较高的初始光能利用效率及饱和光强。由于弱光环境下不需考虑光抑制的影响,因此,最大电子传递速率大,且随着光照的增强越早达至最大电子传递速率的品种光合效率越高。可确定热甘16117和热甘11713的JPC最高(表1),可作为弱光下高光效品种。
晴天条件下,所有品种的PAR-J响应曲线均呈现为先上升后下降(图3)。不同甘蔗品种在阴天和晴天下的光合特征参数见表1αe最大的品种为ROC16(αe=0.317),热甘1997、热甘1462、ROC22次之(αe>0.28);Jmax最大的品种为热甘1997[182.2 μmol/(m2·s)],热甘16239、ROC16和ROC22次之,分别为173.4、176.6、178.7 μmol/(m2·s);PARsat超过1300 μmol/(m2·s)的品种有热甘1997和热甘11713的,Jmax最高的品种分别为热甘1997、热甘16239、ROC16和ROC22。热甘1997的JPS最高,可做为强光下高光效品种。从2018年1月至2022年4月基地农田小气候数据统计阴天180 d,晴天1400 d,通过权重计算得出的不同甘蔗品种总和光合电子传递能力指数(JPT)超过20的为热甘1997、ROC22、ROC16和热甘16239。综上所述,热甘1997和热甘16239可作为高光效新品种。
所有品种在阴天测定的初始光能利用效率均高于在晴天的测定结果,这是由于不仅阴生作物对弱光的利用功能高于阳生作物[25],同种作物的光能利用效率在阴天条件下的日均值同样比晴天条件下高[26-28]。低光环境下作物Chla和Chlb的含量相比高光环境下显著增加,但与中光环境下相比叶绿体长宽和数量则显著下降[28],导致了本研究中尽管与晴天相比,阴天下初始光能利用效率明显增加(11.6%~90.4%),但PAR在200~ 500 μmol/(m2·s)时光合电子流远低于晴天,这也与杨虎等[27]和李雨霏等[29]的研究结论相一致。同时,低光促进植物扩大类囊体膜面积,通过高度聚集补光机构获取更多的光能以满足自身生长发育的需要[30],阴生植物的光系统II补光复合体LCHII含量也同样高于阳生植物[31]
在低光和高光条件下,能量平衡发生在光合电子传递与可调节性能量耗散之间;但在中光条件下,非调节性能量耗散在不同品种之间表现出显著差异,说明不同甘蔗品种的能量分配在PAR增加的过程中呈现出差异化的过渡模式。例如,与热甘16239相比,热甘1462中光下的ΦNO显著升高,ΦNPQ显著下降,但在低光和高光下ΦNOΦNPQ在2个品种之间的差异均不显著,这表明随着环境光强的增加,热甘1462可调节性能量耗散的激活晚于热甘16239,而并非出现生理损伤[32]。能量耗散在中光条件下的波动高于低光和高光,可能是由于与高低光强相比,中光下与热耗散密切相关的PsbB基因以及与叶绿体生物合成途径相关的HEMACHLICHLHCHLG基因表达显著升高所致[28,33-34]
随着光强的增加,非光化学猝灭显著增加,光化学猝灭和相对电子传递速率则显著下降[29,35],这与本研究结果相一致。ROC16和热甘1997分别在中、低光和中、高光下均具有较高的光量子效率,热甘16239虽然在中、低光下光量子效率显著低于ROC16和ROC22,在中光下显著低于热甘1997,但在高光下却达到与ROC22和热甘1997相同水平;且由于中光下热甘16239非调节性能量耗散最低,说明与其他品种相比其光系统不易发生生理损伤[32]。这也解释了晴天热甘16239具有较高的饱和光强与最大电子传递速率,决定了其JPT超过20,成为高光效品种。
本研究重点通过叶绿素荧光特性分析,对不同甘蔗品种的光合效率进行快速鉴定。但高光效只能作为作物高产评价的重要因素之一,除光合效率之外,光合面积是决定干物质生产量的另一重要因素[36]。分蘖率、宿根发株率、蔗茎产量和有效茎数的提升是甘蔗增产的关键因素[3],与甘蔗产量相关的最高产量构成因子是有效茎数,其次则是单茎重,分蘖率则与有效茎数呈显著正相关[37],分蘖率间接改变种植密度从而影响光合面积,进而与光合效率共同决定有效茎数与单茎重[38]。分蘖率和宿根性通过共同决定光合面积来影响当年及来年宿根蔗的产量构成[3],而分蘖最终能否长成为有效茎应作为下一步重点研究方向之一,避免无效分蘖浪费农业资源。因此,本研究结论尚需要进一步结合不同甘蔗品种新植及宿根的株型特点与最终产量建立模型,方可对筛选出的高光效品种进行补充验证。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(320MS113)
  • 农业农村部农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目(102125221-630050009026)
  • 广东省农业农村厅省级乡村振兴战略专项资金项目“特色经济作物种植机械化技术示范推广”
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2024年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.007
  • 接收时间:2022-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-22
  • 修回日期:2022-10-30
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(320MS113)
农业农村部农业技术试验示范与服务支持项目(102125221-630050009026)
广东省农业农村厅省级乡村振兴战略专项资金项目“特色经济作物种植机械化技术示范推广”
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    1.中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/广东省旱作节水农业工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524091
    2.广东省农业技术推广中心,广东广州 510515
    3.嘉兴职业技术学院,浙江嘉兴 314036
    4.国家农业绿色发展长期固定观测湛江试验站,广东湛江 524091

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* 苏俊波(SU Junbo),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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