Article(id=1277330328289153399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1664121600000, receivedDateStr=2022-09-26, revisedDate=1672761600000, revisedDateStr=2023-01-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468881914, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468881914, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468881914, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468881914, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277330185204666919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='443', pageEnd='652', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1711296000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1782468847800, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782468948575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=592, endPage=601, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277330329950097785, articleId=1277330328289153399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Inhibitory Effects of Areca Nut Extract on the Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this study, 75% ethanol solution was used to prepare the total extracts of arecanut nut (ANE). Then different fractions of the extracts were prepared by fractionating with petroleum ether (PE-ANE), ethyl acetate (EAC-ANE), n-butanol (BU-ANE) and water (W-ANE) in turn. The inhibition of hypertension from ANE was determined by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity inhibition assay in vitro. The inhibitory was evaluated with the fraction displayingthe best ACE inhibitory activity by the enzyme kinetic method. In addition, the contents of total polyphenols, total sugar and total protein in each fraction of ANE were determined. The correlation between the contents of the compositions and ACE inhibitory activities was analyzed. Finally, phenoliccomponents in the four fractions were analyzed. The results showed that all the fractions of ANE at different polar parts exhibited ACE inhibitory activity, and EAC-ANE displayed the best. Enzyme kinetics tests showed that the inhibitory effect of EAC-ANE from tender areca on ACE was a mixed type of competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition. The correlation analysis showed that the IC50 value of the ACE inhibitory activity of each polar part of ANE was significantly negatively correlated with the content of polyphenols and total sugar. And the absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the IC50 value of ACE inhibitory activity and the polyphenol content reached a very strong correlation (r=-0.912). And a variety of polyphenol components such as catechin, L-epicatechin, procyanidin B2, protocatechuic acid, and quercetin were identified in the four different polar parts, and the content of polyphenol components in EAC-ANE was the highest. In conclusion, ANE has a certain blood pressure lowering potential, and the ethyl acetate extraction site is the best, and the polyphenol content has a strong correlation with the ACE inhibitory activity of each extract. It can be preliminarily inferred that polyphenols may be the main substances that inhibit the activity of ACE in ANE.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xin YU, Minmin TANG, Jiaxin LUO, Fei SONG, Tingting ZHU, Hua CHEN, Songlin ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Songlin ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277330331418104193, articleId=1277330328289153399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=槟榔籽提取物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性的抑制作用研究, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

以嫩果期槟榔籽为研究对象,采用75%乙醇浸提制得槟榔籽提取物(areca nut extract,ANE),再分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次对总提取物进行萃取,依次得到嫩果期槟榔籽75%乙醇提取物的石油醚部位(PE-ANE)、乙酸乙酯部位(EAC-ANE)、正丁醇部位(BU-ANE)、水部位(W-ANE)的萃取部分。通过体外抑制血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性抑制试验测定槟榔提取物各极性部位对高血压的抑制潜力;通过酶动力学实验分析ACE抑制活性最好的极性部位对ACE活性的抑制作用类型;测定不同极性部位蛋白质、总糖及多酚的总含量,并分析其与ACE半抑制浓度(IC50)之间的相关性;最后对4种不同极性部位萃取物中的多酚组分进行初步定量。结果表明:嫩果期槟榔籽提取物各极性部位均具有一定的ACE抑制活性,其中EAC-ANE的ACE抑制活性最好。酶动力学实验表明,EAC-ANE对ACE活性的抑制作用类型为竞争与非竞争的混合型抑制。相关性分析表明,各极性部位ACE的IC50值与多酚、总糖及蛋白质含量均呈显著负相关,且与多酚含量之间具有极强相关性(r=-0.912)。在4个极性部位中定量了儿茶素、L-表儿茶素、原花青素B2、原儿茶酸、槲皮素等多种多酚组分,且EAC-ANE中的相关多酚组分含量最高。综上所述,槟榔提取物具有一定的降血压潜力,且乙酸乙酯萃取部位最好,多酚含量与各萃取部位的ACE抑制活性具有极强的相关性,可初步推断多酚是槟榔提取物中抑制ACE活性的重要物质。

, authors=

于鑫(1999—),女,学士,研究方向:槟榔加工。

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* 赵松林(ZHAO Songlin),E-mail:
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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330345695515080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=CN, label=图2, caption=EAC-ANE对ACE活性的抑制动力学曲线, figureFileSmall=u556rab0p5zo/DQvtapx1Q==, figureFileBig=Kav/feilnrp3Ybg9hHtPOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330345754235337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Lineweaver-Burk curve of inhibition on ACE activity by EAC-ANE, figureFileSmall=tktSz0Ki0MK8uTyzF/gNdw==, figureFileBig=Bfzegbsi76cHM/G1tP5AeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330345812955594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=CN, label=图3, caption=EAC-ANE对ACE活性抑制作用的Lineweaver-Burk曲线, figureFileSmall=tktSz0Ki0MK8uTyzF/gNdw==, figureFileBig=Bfzegbsi76cHM/G1tP5AeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330345871675851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Reaction system of inhibition activity against on ACE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂Reagent样品组Sample group样品对照组Sample control group空白组Blank group空白对照组Blank control group
HHL0.100.100.100.10
样品0.050.050.000.00
ACE0.100.000.100.00
硼酸缓冲液0.000.100.050.15
0.3 mol/L NaOH1.501.501.501.50
2% OPA0.100.100.100.10
3 mol/L HCl0.200.200.200.20
), ArticleFig(id=1277330346102362572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ACE活性抑制试验反应体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试剂Reagent样品组Sample group样品对照组Sample control group空白组Blank group空白对照组Blank control group
HHL0.100.100.100.10
样品0.050.050.000.00
ACE0.100.000.100.00
硼酸缓冲液0.000.100.050.15
0.3 mol/L NaOH1.501.501.501.50
2% OPA0.100.100.100.10
3 mol/L HCl0.200.200.200.20
), ArticleFig(id=1277330346182054349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Kinetic parameters of inhibition on ACE activity of EAC-ANE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample浓度Concentration/(mg×mL-1)方程EquationR2Vmax/(△A·min-1)Km/(mmol·L-1)
CK0y=1.3021x+0.46830.9732.142.78
EAC-ANE1.5y=2.0658x+0.60140.9991.663.43
EAC-ANE2.0y=2.5174x+0.69980.9961.433.60
), ArticleFig(id=1277330346467267022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

EAC-ANE对ACE活性的抑制动力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample浓度Concentration/(mg×mL-1)方程EquationR2Vmax/(△A·min-1)Km/(mmol·L-1)
CK0y=1.3021x+0.46830.9732.142.78
EAC-ANE1.5y=2.0658x+0.60140.9991.663.43
EAC-ANE2.0y=2.5174x+0.69980.9961.433.60
), ArticleFig(id=1277330346551153103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Contents of polyphenols, polysaccharide and protein at various polarity fraction of areca nut extract

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample多酚Polyphenol总糖Total sugar蛋白质Protein
PE-ANE50.00±1.08d22.35±1.50d63.46±3.23d
EAC-ANE647.49±3.78a304.00±11.26c125.81±0.95c
BU-ANE428.49±5.38b460.60±12.46b187.71±7.01b
W-ANE347.49±5.52c481.35±8.51a210.09±5.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1277330346609873360, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

槟榔提取物各极性部位的多酚、总糖和蛋白质含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品Sample多酚Polyphenol总糖Total sugar蛋白质Protein
PE-ANE50.00±1.08d22.35±1.50d63.46±3.23d
EAC-ANE647.49±3.78a304.00±11.26c125.81±0.95c
BU-ANE428.49±5.38b460.60±12.46b187.71±7.01b
W-ANE347.49±5.52c481.35±8.51a210.09±5.04a
), ArticleFig(id=1277330346895086033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Correlation analysis between IC50 of ACE and con-tent of active substances in different polar parts of areca nut

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexIC50多酚Polyphenol总糖Total sugar蛋白质Protein
IC501
多酚-0.912**1
总糖-0.873**0.608*1
蛋白质-0.766**0.4460.977**1
), ArticleFig(id=1277330348396646866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

槟榔提取物不同极性部位对ACE的IC50与活性物质含量的相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexIC50多酚Polyphenol总糖Total sugar蛋白质Protein
IC501
多酚-0.912**1
总糖-0.873**0.608*1
蛋白质-0.766**0.4460.977**1
), ArticleFig(id=1277330348459561427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Contents of specific components in extracts of different polar parts of areca nut

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.化合物Compound含量Content/(ng×mg-1)
PU-ANEEAC-ANEBU-ANEW-ANE
1儿茶素cianidanol0.193956.89532.40127.14
2L-表儿茶素L-epicatechin152.773341.86672.97336.18
3原花青素B2 procyanidin B2108.723130.05473.13248.53
4原儿茶酸protocatechuic acid145.52752.84431.94782.86
5槲皮素quercetin113.65616.31170.76166.35
6原儿茶醛protocatechualdehyde-375.61--
7紫杉叶素taxifolin-343.72112.40-
8没食子酸gallic acid-320.54303.96303.55
9香豆酸cumaric acid94.27312.31140.20138.75
10芦丁rutin105.20268.88258.46174.30
11异鼠李素isorhamnetin85.88250.04118.23115.40
12山奈酚-3-o-芸香糖苷kaempferol-3-o-rutinosid101.94181.85160.19153.84
13木犀草素luteolin104.17174.24155.20154.60
14柚皮素naringenin89.85167.29133.63132.95
总计1102.1514192.423663.462834.45
), ArticleFig(id=1277330348522475988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330328289153399, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

槟榔不同极性部位萃取物中多酚组分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号No.化合物Compound含量Content/(ng×mg-1)
PU-ANEEAC-ANEBU-ANEW-ANE
1儿茶素cianidanol0.193956.89532.40127.14
2L-表儿茶素L-epicatechin152.773341.86672.97336.18
3原花青素B2 procyanidin B2108.723130.05473.13248.53
4原儿茶酸protocatechuic acid145.52752.84431.94782.86
5槲皮素quercetin113.65616.31170.76166.35
6原儿茶醛protocatechualdehyde-375.61--
7紫杉叶素taxifolin-343.72112.40-
8没食子酸gallic acid-320.54303.96303.55
9香豆酸cumaric acid94.27312.31140.20138.75
10芦丁rutin105.20268.88258.46174.30
11异鼠李素isorhamnetin85.88250.04118.23115.40
12山奈酚-3-o-芸香糖苷kaempferol-3-o-rutinosid101.94181.85160.19153.84
13木犀草素luteolin104.17174.24155.20154.60
14柚皮素naringenin89.85167.29133.63132.95
总计1102.1514192.423663.462834.45
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槟榔籽提取物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性的抑制作用研究
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于鑫 1, 2 , 唐敏敏 2, 3 , 罗家欣 2, 4 , 宋菲 2, 3 , 朱婷婷 4 , 陈华 2, 3 , 赵松林 2, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(3): 592-601
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (3) : 592 -601
槟榔籽提取物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性的抑制作用研究
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于鑫1, 2, 唐敏敏2, 3, 罗家欣2, 4, 宋菲2, 3, 朱婷婷4, 陈华2, 3, 赵松林2, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院,湖北武汉 430070
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南文昌 571339
  • 3.海南省槟榔工程技术研究中心,海南文昌 571339
  • 4.海南热带海洋学院食品科学与工程学院 海南三亚 572022
通讯作者:
* 赵松林(ZHAO Songlin),E-mail:
Inhibitory Effects of Areca Nut Extract on the Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Xin YU1, 2, Minmin TANG2, 3, Jiaxin LUO2, 4, Fei SONG2, 3, Tingting ZHU4, Hua CHEN2, 3, Songlin ZHAO2, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
  • 2.Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China
  • 3.Hainan Betel Nut Engineering Technology Research Center, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China
  • 4.College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, Hainan 572022, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.016
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以嫩果期槟榔籽为研究对象,采用75%乙醇浸提制得槟榔籽提取物(areca nut extract,ANE),再分别用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇依次对总提取物进行萃取,依次得到嫩果期槟榔籽75%乙醇提取物的石油醚部位(PE-ANE)、乙酸乙酯部位(EAC-ANE)、正丁醇部位(BU-ANE)、水部位(W-ANE)的萃取部分。通过体外抑制血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性抑制试验测定槟榔提取物各极性部位对高血压的抑制潜力;通过酶动力学实验分析ACE抑制活性最好的极性部位对ACE活性的抑制作用类型;测定不同极性部位蛋白质、总糖及多酚的总含量,并分析其与ACE半抑制浓度(IC50)之间的相关性;最后对4种不同极性部位萃取物中的多酚组分进行初步定量。结果表明:嫩果期槟榔籽提取物各极性部位均具有一定的ACE抑制活性,其中EAC-ANE的ACE抑制活性最好。酶动力学实验表明,EAC-ANE对ACE活性的抑制作用类型为竞争与非竞争的混合型抑制。相关性分析表明,各极性部位ACE的IC50值与多酚、总糖及蛋白质含量均呈显著负相关,且与多酚含量之间具有极强相关性(r=-0.912)。在4个极性部位中定量了儿茶素、L-表儿茶素、原花青素B2、原儿茶酸、槲皮素等多种多酚组分,且EAC-ANE中的相关多酚组分含量最高。综上所述,槟榔提取物具有一定的降血压潜力,且乙酸乙酯萃取部位最好,多酚含量与各萃取部位的ACE抑制活性具有极强的相关性,可初步推断多酚是槟榔提取物中抑制ACE活性的重要物质。

槟榔提取物  /  血管紧张素转化酶  /  抑制作用  /  酶动力学

In this study, 75% ethanol solution was used to prepare the total extracts of arecanut nut (ANE). Then different fractions of the extracts were prepared by fractionating with petroleum ether (PE-ANE), ethyl acetate (EAC-ANE), n-butanol (BU-ANE) and water (W-ANE) in turn. The inhibition of hypertension from ANE was determined by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity inhibition assay in vitro. The inhibitory was evaluated with the fraction displayingthe best ACE inhibitory activity by the enzyme kinetic method. In addition, the contents of total polyphenols, total sugar and total protein in each fraction of ANE were determined. The correlation between the contents of the compositions and ACE inhibitory activities was analyzed. Finally, phenoliccomponents in the four fractions were analyzed. The results showed that all the fractions of ANE at different polar parts exhibited ACE inhibitory activity, and EAC-ANE displayed the best. Enzyme kinetics tests showed that the inhibitory effect of EAC-ANE from tender areca on ACE was a mixed type of competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition. The correlation analysis showed that the IC50 value of the ACE inhibitory activity of each polar part of ANE was significantly negatively correlated with the content of polyphenols and total sugar. And the absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the IC50 value of ACE inhibitory activity and the polyphenol content reached a very strong correlation (r=-0.912). And a variety of polyphenol components such as catechin, L-epicatechin, procyanidin B2, protocatechuic acid, and quercetin were identified in the four different polar parts, and the content of polyphenol components in EAC-ANE was the highest. In conclusion, ANE has a certain blood pressure lowering potential, and the ethyl acetate extraction site is the best, and the polyphenol content has a strong correlation with the ACE inhibitory activity of each extract. It can be preliminarily inferred that polyphenols may be the main substances that inhibit the activity of ACE in ANE.

areca nut extract  /  angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)  /  inhibitory activity  /  enzyme kinetics
于鑫, 唐敏敏, 罗家欣, 宋菲, 朱婷婷, 陈华, 赵松林. 槟榔籽提取物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性的抑制作用研究. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (3) : 592 -601 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.016
Xin YU, Minmin TANG, Jiaxin LUO, Fei SONG, Tingting ZHU, Hua CHEN, Songlin ZHAO. Inhibitory Effects of Areca Nut Extract on the Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (3) : 592 -601 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.016
槟榔(Areca catechu L.)属棕榈科槟榔属常绿乔木,在我国主要种植于海南和台湾等地。近些年传统槟榔干食用消费市场发展迅速,槟榔已逐渐成为海南省的经济支柱产业。然而,无论是卷土重来的“致癌”风波,还是槟榔去食品化,都使槟榔产业面临巨大挑战。另一方面,槟榔作为四大南药之首,具有利水、灭虫、截疟等功效[1]。现代研究表明,槟榔富含多酚、多糖和生物碱等物质,这些物质具有多重活性功能。然而长期以来,槟榔药用价值的研究和开发利用严重不足。因此,深度系统挖掘槟榔药用价值,对促进槟榔产业的健康可持续发展具有重要意义。
血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)是机体血压调节系统中调控血压升高的关键酶[2-3]。多项研究表明ACE抑制剂可有效控制高血压疾病的发生[4]。现临床常用的ACE抑制剂,降压效果较好,但却常伴有高钾血症、肾功能不全等严重副作用[5-7]。相较于这些药物中的化学合成成分,天然产物中活性成分的安全性更高,因此寻找天然来源的ACE抑制剂成为众多研究者关注的焦点。
目前对槟榔的活性功能研究主要有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎等方面,但槟榔降血压的相关报道较少。鉴于此,本研究以槟榔嫩果作为供试对象,研究槟榔提取物对ACE活性的抑制作用,并初步探索其相关活性物质,以期为槟榔药用价值的挖掘和利用提供基础研究数据,同时为天然降血压抑制剂的开发提供原料来源。
槟榔:采自中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所科研实验基地,槟榔嫩果为授粉后150 d左右的果实。采果后,将果实对半切开,取出籽进行冷冻干燥后,粉碎,过60目筛,备用。
试剂:血管紧张素转化酶,上海颖心实验室设备有限公司;马脲酰-组氨酰-亮氨酸(HHL),上海源叶生物科技有限公司;卡托普利,上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司;邻苯二甲醛(OPA)、没食子酸、葡萄糖、牛血清蛋白(纯度≥98%),上海麦克林生化科技有限公司;儿茶素、原花青素B2、槲皮素等多酚标准品,西格玛奥德里奇(上海)贸易有限公司。
仪器与设备:TYSP-200型高速多功能粉碎机,浙江永康市红太阳机电有限公司;THD-T1型超声波发生器,深圳市电科超声波有限公司;FDU-1200型冷冻干燥机,上海爱朗仪器有限公司;RE-5205型旋转蒸发仪,上海亚荣生化仪器厂;UV-1600紫外可见分光光度计,上海翱艺仪器有限公司;Varioskan Flash型全自动荧光免疫分析仪,美国Thermo Scientific公司;LCMS8050型号液质联用仪,日本岛津公司。
按照前期研究[8]的方法制备槟榔的石油醚部位(PE-ANE)、乙酸乙酯部位(EAC-ANE)、正丁醇部位(BU-ANE)和水部位(W-ANE)的粉末状提取物。取少量以上部位溶于二甲基亚砜(DMSO),-80 ℃冻存备用。
槟榔提取物的不同极性萃取部位对ACE活性抑制试验方法参考张晓峰等[9]的方法,并稍作改动。采用0.05 mol/L硼酸盐缓冲液(pH为8.3,含0.05 mol/L NaCl)配制ACE酶液(0.025 U/mL)及底物HHL溶液(5 mmol/L)。以2 mL EP管作为反应容器,依次添加0.10 mL HHL底物溶液、0.05 mL样品液和0.10 mL ACE液,充分混匀后置于37 ℃的水浴锅中反应30 min,反应完成后加入1.50 mL的0.3 mol/L NaOH溶液及0.10 mL的2% OPA溶液(溶于无水乙醇),室温下静置10 min,最后利用0.20 mL的3 mol/L HCl溶液终止反应。于激发波长340 nm、发射波455 nm条件下,测定最终反应液的荧光强度。同时设置空白组、空白对照组和样品对照组。卡托普利作为阳性对照(CK+)。根据上述反应程序及表1中不同组别的反应体系,分别加入相应试剂进行反应。每个样品平行试验3次,计算抑制率。样液的ACE抑制率计算公式为:ACE抑制率=[1-(IA-IC)/(IB-ID)]×100%。式中,IA为样品组荧光强度;IC为样品对照组荧光强度;IB为空白组荧光强度;ID为空白对照组荧光强度。
(1)抑制类型的动力学实验。酶动力学试验参考文献[10-11]中的方法,并稍作修改。固定底物HHL的浓度(5 mmol/L),改变ACE的浓度(0.0125、0.025、0.0375、0.050、0.0625 U/mL),添加0.05 mL不同浓度的极性部位样品液(0、1.0、2.5 mg/mL),充分混匀后于37 ℃水浴反应10 min,反应后加入1.50 mL的0.3 mol/L NaOH溶液与0.10 mL的2% OPA溶液(溶于无水乙醇),室温下静置10 min,最后添加0.20 mL的3 mol/L HCl溶液终止反应。于激发波长340 nm、发射波455 nm处测定反应体系的荧光强度,记录数据,计算酶反应速率(V,△A/min),以该酶浓度下,单位时间内吸光度值的变化量来表示反应速率。根据酶反应速率与酶浓度之间的变化关系,以酶浓度为横坐标、酶反应速率为纵坐标作图,分析其抑制类型是否可逆。
(2)可逆抑制类型的酶动力学实验。固定ACE浓度(0.025 U/mL),改变反应底物HHL溶液浓度(1、2、4、5、7.5 mmol/L),改变不同萃取部位样品液浓度(0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL),于37 ℃水浴反应10 min,反应完成后加入1.50 mL的0.3 mol/L NaOH溶液及0.10 mL的2% OPA溶液(溶于无水乙醇)混匀,室温下静置10 min,最后添加0.20 mL的3 mol/L HCl溶液终止反应。于激发波长340 nm、发射波455 nm处测定反应体系的荧光强度。记录数据,计算反应体系的反应速率(V, △A/min),以底物浓度(S)的倒数(1/S)为横坐标、反应速率V的倒数(1/V)为纵坐标,绘制Lineweaver-Burk双倒数曲线,分析ACE活性抑制作用较好的萃取部位对ACE呈现的抑制类型。
(1)多酚含量测定。测定方法参照文献[12]中的福林酚氧化法进行。取1 mL一定浓度的萃取部位样品液于具塞试管中,与5 mL 10%福林酚试剂混匀后反应3~8 min,继续加入5 mL 7.5%碳酸钠溶液,摇匀,室温避光条件下反应60 min。在波长595 nm处测定样品溶液的吸光值。测得没食子酸标准曲线为y=0.0093x+0.0695(R2=0.9992),有效浓度范围为0~100 μg/mL,对照没食子酸标准曲线计算多酚含量。
(2)总糖含量测定。测定方法参照文献[13]中的苯酚-硫酸法进行,并根据实际情况稍作修改。取1 mL一定浓度的萃取部位样品液于具塞试管中,与1 mL 5%苯酚溶液混匀后尽快加入5 mL的浓硫酸溶液。室温静置15 min后,再于30 ℃水浴放置15 min,取出冷却至室温。在波长490 nm处测定样品溶液的吸光值。测得葡萄糖标准曲线为y=0.0106x-0.0409(R2=0.9967),有效浓度范围为0~100 μg/mL,对照葡萄糖标准曲线计算总糖含量。
(3)总蛋白含量测定。测定方法参照文献[14]中的考马斯亮蓝法进行。取1 mL一定浓度的萃取部位样品液于具塞试管中,添加5 mL 0.01%考马斯亮蓝试剂,摇匀后静置3 min,于40 ℃水浴15 min,取出后冷却至室温。在波长595 nm处测定样品溶液的吸光值。测得牛血清蛋白标准曲线为y=0.0042x-0.0172(R2=0.9940),有效浓度范围为0~100 μg/mL,对照牛血清蛋白标准曲线计算蛋白质含量。
采用岛津LCMS8050型号液质联用仪对多酚组分进行分析,根据前期的类黄酮广靶研究结果[10],选取所需标准品,配置成所需进样浓度(1~20 μg/mL),备用。
色谱参数:色谱柱选用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(1.7 μm×21 mm×150 mm);柱温箱温度设为40 ℃,自动进样器温度设为8 ℃,进样体积为2 μL。流动相A为3%乙酸水溶液,流动相B为100%甲醇;总流速为100 μL/min。流动相B梯度洗脱程序为:0~6.00 min,10%~30%;6.01~ 10.00 min,30%~40%;10.01~30 min,40%~70%;30.01~40.00 min,70%~10%;40.01~55.00 min,10%。
质谱参数:数据采集时,以多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱分析,离子喷雾电压为+ 5000/-4500 V;气帘气压力为35 psi;温度为500 ℃;离子源气体压力1为55 psi;离子源气体压力2为60 psi。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据统计与分析,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,利用Pearson相关系数分析相关性。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。
1977年,FRIEDLANG等[15]建立了荧光光度法来测定ACE抑制剂的活性,其原理是利用ACE水解产物的组氨酰部分在碱性条件下与邻苯二甲醛反应生成荧光物,通过测定加入抑制剂前后荧光物质的吸光度差值来计算其抑制活性。槟榔提取物的不同极性部位及卡托普利(CK+)对ACE活性的抑制作用见图1。由图1可知,PE-ANE、EAC-ANE、BU-ANE、W-ANE四个极性部位对ACE活性均具有一定的抑制作用,并且随着质量浓度的增加,其抑制率也逐渐增加,呈现出浓度依赖性。在试验浓度范围内,EAC-ANE表现出较好的ACE抑制活性,其IC50值为(1.51±0.07)mg/mL,且其对ACE的抑制活性显著优于其他3个极性部位(P<0.05)。BU-ANE和W-ANE的ACE抑制活性较弱,IC50值分别为(2.15±0.04)mg/mL和(2.19±0.07)mg/mL;PE-ANE的抑制活性最弱,IC50值为(6.92±0.34)mg/mL,但4个极性部位的抑制活性均低于CK+,CK+的IC50值为(5.53±0.32)×10-6 mg/mL。
溶剂萃取法依据“相似相溶”原理溶解样品中的可溶有机质,实现可溶有机组分的分离与富集。在活性试验中,该方法多用于极性相似化学成分的分离及富集。王兰等[16]对翼蓼块根提取物在乙酸乙酯、正丁醇及水3个萃取部位的ACE抑制活性进行研究表明,乙酸乙酯部位对ACE的抑制活性为39.76%,显著优于其他2个极性部位,且3种极性部位的ACE抑制效果也呈现浓度依赖性,这与本研究结果类似。综上所述,在进一步的ACE抑制动力学研究中,选取抑制活性相对较好的EAC-ANE进行后续试验。
根据酶抑制剂与酶结合的作用方式及特点,可将酶的抑制作用分为可逆抑制与不可逆抑制2种。当测定酶抑制作用的反应体系中不存在抑制剂时,反应速率曲线会通过直角坐标系的原点;当存在不可逆抑制剂时,其反应速率曲线不会通过坐标系的原点;当存在一定量的可逆抑制剂时,其反应速率曲线会通过坐标系的原点,且其反应速率的曲线斜率小于不存在抑制剂时的曲线斜率[10,17]。因此,根据抑制剂的抑制动力学曲线可判别其抑制作用是否可逆。
本研究采用酶抑制动力学方法,在测定ACE抑制作用的反应体系中加入EAC-ANE(0、1.0、2.5 mg/mL),利用固定底物HHL的浓度(5 mmol/L),不同浓度(12.5、25.0、37.5、50.0、62.5 mU/mL)的ACE测定酶抑制作用,以反应速率(V)对ACE的酶浓度进行制图。EAC-ANE对ACE的抑制动力学曲线见图2,在ACE抑制作用反应体系中添加或不添加EAC-ANE时,其反应速率曲线均通过直角坐标系的原点,并且在添加EAC-ANE的反应体系中,其反应速率曲线的斜率明显小于未添加EAC- ANE的,随着反应体系中EAC-ANE浓度的升高,曲线斜率逐渐变小。因此可知,EAC-ANE对ACE活性的抑制作用属于可逆抑制。
根据抑制剂与底物的关系,可逆抑制类型可分为竞争性抑制、非竞争性抑制、反竞争性抑制和混合型抑制4种类型。其中,混合型抑制又包括竞争与非竞争的混合型、竞争与反竞争的混合型2种[18]。在Lineweaver-Burk的双倒数曲线图中,随着抑制剂浓度的增加,若反应体系的最大反应速率(Vmax)不变,米氏常数(Km)增大,表明该抑制类型属于竞争性抑制;若Vmax减小,Km不变,表明该抑制类型属于非竞争性抑制;若Vmax减小,Km减小,表明该抑制类型属于反竞争性抑制;若Vmax减小,Km增大,表明该抑制类型属于竞争与非竞争混合型抑制;若Vmax减小,Km减小,表明该抑制类型属于竞争与反竞争混合型抑制[19-20]
本研究通过固定反应体系中的ACE浓度(25 mU/mL),改变底物HHL的浓度(1.0、2.0、4.0、5.0、7.5 mmol/L),在EAC-ANE不同浓度(0、1.5、2.0 mg/mL)条件下,测定反应体系的反应速率,绘制Lineweaver-Burk双倒数曲线图(图3)。根据双倒数图计算出不同EAC-ANE浓度反应体系的VmaxKm表2)。由图3表2可知,EAC-ANE不同浓度的3个反应体系得到的3条直线相交于第2象限,且随着EAC-ANE浓度的升高,反应体系中的Vmax逐渐减小,Km逐渐增大。参数的这种变化特征和竞争与非竞争的混合型抑制特点相符,所以EAC-ANE对ACE活性的可逆抑制类型为竞争与非竞争的混合型抑制。
槟榔中的成分复杂,主要有槟榔碱、油脂、多糖、蛋白质、矿物质、粗纤维和一些酚类物质等成分[21]。槟榔提取物不同极性部位的多酚、总糖、蛋白质含量如表3所示,EAC- ANE中的多酚含量以及W-ANE中的蛋白质和总糖含量显著高于其他极性部位中的相应化学成分含量,且EAC-ANE中的多酚含量相较于多酚含量排在第2位的BU-ANE高出34%。
此外,张丹等[22]对槟榔不同极性部位的多酚含量进行测定发现,槟榔乙酸乙酯部位的总多酚高于正丁醇部位。且在其他植物如翼蓼块根、荔枝的提取物中乙酸乙酯部位的多酚含量也显著高于石油醚、正丁醇以及水部位[16,23]。这均与本研究结果类似。从上述结果可以看出,与其他极性物质相比,槟榔多酚经乙酸乙酯萃取后能够获得更高的提取效率,这可能是由于多酚物质的极性与乙酸乙酯极性相近,在乙酸乙酯中更易提取。
槟榔嫩果提取物不同极性部位的ACE抑制活性的IC50值与多酚、总糖、蛋白质含量的相关性分析如表4所示。皮尔逊相关系数大小与相关性强度之间的关系认为,相关系数(r)越接近于1或-1,相关度越强,r越接近0,相关度越弱。当r的绝对值在0.80以上,表示有强相关性;在0.60~0.79之间,表示有中等相关性;在0.30~0.59之间,表示有弱相关性;而在0.30以下时,则表示二者无相关性[24]。由表4可知,槟榔提取物的不同极性部位对ACE抑制活性的IC50值与3种活性物质含量均呈极显著负相关,但相关性强度有所差异,不同极性部位对ACE抑制活性的IC50值与多酚含量、总糖含量呈强相关性,而与蛋白质含量则呈中等相关性。由此说明,多酚可能是槟榔提取物中ACE抑制活性的主要作用物质,并且多糖也发挥了一定的ACE活性抑制作用。
植物多酚和多糖具有ACE抑制活性,这与已有的多项研究结果一致,如苦杏仁叶[25]、黑加仑[26]和猕猴桃[27]中的多酚提取物,红毛藻[11]、牡蛎[28]、咖啡渣[29]以及一些坚果[30]中的多糖提取物均可表现出ACE抑制活性,从而达到降血压的效果。
液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术具有灵敏度高、选择性强、适用范围广等诸多优点,广泛应用于食品、药品和环境中化学成分的定性与定量分析[8]。根据相关性试验结果,槟榔提取物中多酚含量与ACE抑制活性之间具有极强的相关性。因此通过前期类黄酮广靶研究[8]选择原花青素、原儿茶酸、儿茶素、异鼠李素等33种多酚标准品对槟榔多酚提取物中的具体组分进行定量分析,与标准品色谱图峰面积对照分析后,从中得到含量较高的14种多酚组分(表5)。从4种极性部位中定量到儿茶素、L-表儿茶素、原花青素B2、原儿茶酸、槲皮素等多种多酚组分。14种多酚组分含量在不同极性部位中存在一定差异,其中EAC-ANE中的各多酚组分含量最高,共计14 192.42 ng/mg,其次是BU-ANE和W-ANE,PU-ANE中的多酚组分含量最低。在EAC-ANE中,儿茶素含量最高,为3956.89 ng/mg,其次是L-表儿茶素和原花青素B2,含量分别为3341.86、3130.05 ng/mg。原儿茶醛仅在EAC-ANE中定量到,而其他3个极性部位由于含量太少或者无,并未定量到绝对含量。
ANWARUL等[31]已证明了在槟榔粗提物中检测出的儿茶素成分具有一定的降血压效果。同时在其他天然产物中的表儿茶素[32]、原花青素[33]、槲皮素[34]、异鼠李素[34]、绿原酸[35]等多种多酚类化合物也均被证明具有显著的ACE抑制活性的作用。而在本研究的EAC-ANE中,这些组分含量较高,这也可能是EAC-ANE的ACE抑制活性最好的原因。综上所述,ACE的抑制活性与多酚含量高度相关,槟榔提取物中的多酚组分可以被证明是抑制ACE活性的主要成分,且多酚组分中含量最高的儿茶素、L-表儿茶素、原花青素B2很有可能是抑制ACE活性的关键化合物。
目前对降血压活性方面的研究大部分均集中于海洋生物肽、豆类多肽以及一些果蔬植物的活性提取物中[36],但国内外针对槟榔的降血压活性研究却十分匮乏。INOKUCHI等[37]通过动物体内试验,发现槟榔种子的鞣质提取物能通过抑制自发性高血压大鼠的血管紧张素转化酶,从而达到降血压的效果。但并未进行体外试验研究该提取物中的主要化学成分及其作用机理。ANWARUL等[31]研究表明,在槟榔粗提物中检测出的儿茶素成分可通过舒张血管而达到一定的降血压效果。但也并未说明儿茶素类成分是否对血压调控关键酶——血管紧张素转化酶具有一定的抑制活性。项目组前期试验表明,槟榔籽中含有大量的多酚类物质,其提取率可达40%以上,提取物的多酚含量超过80%[38]。槟榔提取物具有一定的抑制ACE活性作用,但并未见其在抑制ACE酶动力学方面的相关报道。
本研究发现,槟榔嫩果提取物的4种不同极性部位对ACE活性均具有一定的抑制效果,且具有浓度依赖性。EAC-ANE的抑制效果最为显著,IC50值为(1.51±0.07)mg/mL。PARK等[39]曾报道竹笋提取物对ACE的半抑制质量浓度约为6 g/L,而本研究中EAC-ANE、BU-ANE、W-ANE的IC50值均显著低于前者。在对4种极性部位中的多酚、总糖、蛋白质3种物质含量的测定中发现,EAC-ANE中的多酚含量显著高于其他3个极性部位。不同极性部位ACE抑制活性的IC50值与蛋白质、总糖、多酚含量均呈极显著负相关,与多酚、总糖含量呈强相关性,且与多酚含量呈极强相关性。在不同极性部位中定量得到14种含量较高的多酚组分,其中儿茶素、L-表儿茶素和原花青素B2在EAC-ANE中含量最高。已有研究证明这3种物质具有一定的降血压效果,同时本研究定量出的其他多酚成分中的部分化合物也已被证明具有抑制ACE活性的作用。
综上所述,本研究已初步证明EAC-ANE具有较好的ACE抑制效果,并且槟榔提取物中的多酚含量与ACE抑制效果之间存在密切联系。槟榔是丰富的天然多酚来源,这一研究成果为以天然植物多酚成分制备ACE抑制剂,以及槟榔药用价值的开发提供了一定的研究基础。但本研究中还未确定槟榔多酚组分中发挥关键作用的单体化合物及其抑制ACE活性的作用方式和体内降血压效果。后续的研究中将继续对这些问题进行更深层次的探索。而多糖与ACE酶的作用方面也将另行研究。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC791)
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY205)
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2024年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.016
  • 接收时间:2022-09-26
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-09-26
  • 修回日期:2023-01-04
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海南省自然科学基金项目(322RC791)
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2022XDNY205)
作者信息
    1.华中农业大学食品科学与技术学院,湖北武汉 430070
    2.中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所,海南文昌 571339
    3.海南省槟榔工程技术研究中心,海南文昌 571339
    4.海南热带海洋学院食品科学与工程学院 海南三亚 572022

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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