Article(id=1277330306420044495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669046400000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-22, revisedDate=1672156800000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468876700, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468876700, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468876700, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468876700, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277330185204666919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='443', pageEnd='652', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1711296000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1782468847800, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782468948575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=609, endPage=613, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277330308135514833, articleId=1277330306420044495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Short-term Extreme Heat on Adult Mortality and Deathfeigning of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), a newly invading pest in Hainan in 2019, is a serious threat to coffee production all over the world, posing a major threat to the healthy development of the coffee industry in Hainan and even the whole country. In order to understand the habits of this insect and provide basic data for the prevention and control of this insect in the future, this experiment observed its death-feigning, hunger tolerance ability, and discussed the lethal effect of short-term high temperature on it. The results showed that 24 h without feeding any food had no significant effect on the death-feigning of H. hampei adults. After the treatment at 45 ℃ for 2 h, the proportion and duration of death-feigning of H. hampei adults were significantly increased. The proportion of suspended death reaction was 72.0% and the duration of death-feigning was 320.33 s, which was significantly higher than 43.26 s at 26 ℃. H. hampei had a strong hunger tolerance ability, without providing any food, its longest survival time could reach 204 h, the average survival time was 90.17 h. After short-term high temperature treatment, both treatment temperature and treatment duration significantly affected the survival of adults of H. hampei. With the increase of treatment temperature and treatment duration, the mortality rate increased gradually. The corrected mortality rate was 94.92% after 6 h treatment at 45 ℃, and the mortality rate reached 100% after 12 h. Treatment at 36 ℃ and 39 ℃ for 6 h or less had little effect on the viability of H. hampei, and the mortality rate was 16.94% and 23.73% after 24 h, respectively. The Lt50 of different short-term high temperature treatments decreased with the increase of treatment temperature, and the Lt50 also decreased with the extension of observation time. The shortest Lt50 for 24 h and 48 h after 45 ℃ treatment was 3.11 h and 2.70 h. The longest Lt50 treated at 36 ℃ was 17.85 h and 11.42 h. The LT50 was 39.53 ℃ and 38.66 ℃ for 24 h and 48 h after 6 h of different short-time high temperature treatments, and the LT50 reduced with the extension of observation time.

, authors=null, authorsList=Dongyin HAN, Canlan ZHAN, Lei LI, Jianyun WANG, Fangping ZHANG, Shiwei SUN, Yueguan FU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yueguan FU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277330309335085785, articleId=1277330306420044495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=咖啡果小蠹的假死行为及短时高温对其致死作用, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

咖啡果小蠹[Hypothenemus hampei(Ferrari)]是2019年新入侵海南的一种严重威胁全世界咖啡生产的害虫,对海南甚至全国咖啡产业的健康发展构成重大威胁。为尽快了解咖啡果小蠹的习性,以及为今后该害虫的防控技术提供基础数据,本研究观察了咖啡果小蠹的假死行为和耐饥能力,并探讨短时高温对其致死效应。结果表明:24 h不饲喂任何食料对咖啡果小蠹成虫的假死行为无显著影响;45 ℃短时高温处理2 h显著提高了咖啡果小蠹成虫出现假死反应的比例和时长,假死反应出现比例达72.0%,假死时长为320.33 s,显著高于26 ℃下的假死时长(43.26 s)。咖啡果小蠹成虫具有较强的耐饥能力,在不提供任何食料的情况下,其最长存活时间可达204 h,平均存活时长达90.17 h。咖啡果小蠹成虫经短时高温处理后,处理温度与处理时长均显著影响其存活率,随着处理温度的升高及处理时间的延长,死亡率逐渐增加。45 ℃处理6 h后校正死亡率达94.92%;处理12 h的死亡率达100%;36 ℃和39 ℃处理6 h及以下时长对咖啡果小蠹的存活能力影响较小,36 ℃和39 ℃处理6 h,处理后24 h的校正死亡率分别为16.94%和23.73%。不同短时高温处理的半致死时间(Lt50)表现为随处理温度的升高而缩短,且随着观察时间的延长,Lt50随着缩短,其中45 ℃处理后24 h和48 h的Lt50最短,分别为3.11 h和2.70 h;36 ℃处理的Lt50最长,分别为17.85 h和11.42 h。不同短时高温处理6 h,处理后24 h和48 h的半致死温度(LT50)分别为39.53 ℃和38.66 ℃,LT50随观察时间的延长而降低。

, authors=

韩冬银(1980—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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* 符悦冠(FU Yueguan),E-mail:
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韩冬银(1980—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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韩冬银(1980—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)[M]//Biological selection of imported plant quarantine pests from China. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1997: 19-21. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330330616984365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=116, issue=null, pageStart=505, pageEnd=514, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=16, authorNames=BEN-LALLI A, BOHUON P, COLLIGNAN A, JEANMICHELM, journalName=Journal of Food Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BEN-LALLI A, BOHUON P, COLLIGNAN A, JEANMICHELM. Modeling heat transfer for disinfestation and control of insects (larvae and eggs) in date fruits[J]. 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24 h mortality of H. hampei treated with different short-term high temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度Temperature/℃校正死亡率Correction survival rate/%
2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h9 h12 h15 h18 h
4525.42±8.16Ba30.51±8.36Ba72.88±8.16Bb79.66±8.36Bb94.92±8.36Bc-100.00±0.0Bc--
428.47±8.94Aa15.25±5.00Aa32.20±5.16Ab52.54±5.16Ac86.44±10.33Bd-98.33±4.08Be--
39----23.73±8.36Aa32.20±9.66Aab44.07±10.48Ab59.32±10.95Ac72.88±8.16Bd
36----16.94±7.53Aa23.73±8.16Aab35.59±5.78Abc42.37±5.78Acd52.54±5.78Ad
), ArticleFig(id=1277330326422680342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同短时高温处理咖啡果小蠹的24 h死亡情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度Temperature/℃校正死亡率Correction survival rate/%
2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h9 h12 h15 h18 h
4525.42±8.16Ba30.51±8.36Ba72.88±8.16Bb79.66±8.36Bb94.92±8.36Bc-100.00±0.0Bc--
428.47±8.94Aa15.25±5.00Aa32.20±5.16Ab52.54±5.16Ac86.44±10.33Bd-98.33±4.08Be--
39----23.73±8.36Aa32.20±9.66Aab44.07±10.48Ab59.32±10.95Ac72.88±8.16Bd
36----16.94±7.53Aa23.73±8.16Aab35.59±5.78Abc42.37±5.78Acd52.54±5.78Ad
), ArticleFig(id=1277330327144100631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

48 h mortality of H. hampei treated with different short-term high temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度Temperature/℃校正死亡率Correction survival rate/%
2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h9 h12 h15 h18 h
4535.59±8.16Ba44.07±5.47Ba77.97±7.93Bb83.05±5.16Ab94.92±8.36Bc-100.00±0.0Bc--
4215.25±8.16Aa20.33±7.53Aa37.29±4.08Ab76.27±5.16Ac91.53±9.83Bd-100.00±0.0Bd--
39----33.89±5.48Aa45.76±8.16Ab54.23±9.27Ac69.49±6.32Ad76.27±8.16Bd
36----28.81±6.32Aa45.76±8.16Ab49.15±5.78Ab61.01±5.78Ac62.71±5.78Ac
), ArticleFig(id=1277330327215403800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同短时高温处理咖啡果小蠹的48 h死亡情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度Temperature/℃校正死亡率Correction survival rate/%
2 h3 h4 h5 h6 h9 h12 h15 h18 h
4535.59±8.16Ba44.07±5.47Ba77.97±7.93Bb83.05±5.16Ab94.92±8.36Bc-100.00±0.0Bc--
4215.25±8.16Aa20.33±7.53Aa37.29±4.08Ab76.27±5.16Ac91.53±9.83Bd-100.00±0.0Bd--
39----33.89±5.48Aa45.76±8.16Ab54.23±9.27Ac69.49±6.32Ad76.27±8.16Bd
36----28.81±6.32Aa45.76±8.16Ab49.15±5.78Ab61.01±5.78Ac62.71±5.78Ac
), ArticleFig(id=1277330327282512665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Lt50 of different instars of H. hampei treated with different short-term high-temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度Temperature/℃时间Time/h回归方程Regression equation半致死时间Lt50/h相关系数R295%置信区间95%confidence interval
4524y=2.604+4.858x3.110.95032.856~3.392
48y=3.172+4.237x2.700.95622.406~3.032
4224y=1.883+4.859x4.380.94024.019~4.771
48y=2.076+5.068x3.770.92393.502~4.067
3924y=2.118+2.674x11.960.975710.511~13.604
48y=2.818+2.263x9.210.97667.792~10.887
3624y=2.325+2.137x17.850.989713.791~23.096
48y=3.039+1.854x11.420.98199.538~13.661
), ArticleFig(id=1277330327559336730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同短时高温条件下咖啡果小蠹的半致死时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度Temperature/℃时间Time/h回归方程Regression equation半致死时间Lt50/h相关系数R295%置信区间95%confidence interval
4524y=2.604+4.858x3.110.95032.856~3.392
48y=3.172+4.237x2.700.95622.406~3.032
4224y=1.883+4.859x4.380.94024.019~4.771
48y=2.076+5.068x3.770.92393.502~4.067
3924y=2.118+2.674x11.960.975710.511~13.604
48y=2.818+2.263x9.210.97667.792~10.887
3624y=2.325+2.137x17.850.989713.791~23.096
48y=3.039+1.854x11.420.98199.538~13.661
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咖啡果小蠹的假死行为及短时高温对其致死作用
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韩冬银 1 , 詹灿烂 1 , 李磊 1 , 王建赟 1 , 张方平 1 , 孙世伟 2 , 符悦冠 1, 3, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(3): 609-613
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (3) : 609 -613
咖啡果小蠹的假死行为及短时高温对其致死作用
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韩冬银(1980—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:农业昆虫与害虫防治。

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3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277330309611909851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330309620298460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, companyId=1277330309611909851, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330309628687069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, companyId=1277330309611909851, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277330309788070626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330309939065571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, companyId=1277330309788070626, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330309951648484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330306420044495, companyId=1277330309788070626, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024)])])]
韩冬银1, 詹灿烂1, 李磊1, 王建赟1, 张方平1, 孙世伟2, 符悦冠1, 3, *
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024
通讯作者:
* 符悦冠(FU Yueguan),E-mail:
Effects of Short-term Extreme Heat on Adult Mortality and Deathfeigning of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)
Dongyin HAN1, Canlan ZHAN1, Lei LI1, Jianyun WANG1, Fangping ZHANG1, Shiwei SUN2, Yueguan FU1, 3, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China
  • 3.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.018
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咖啡果小蠹[Hypothenemus hampei(Ferrari)]是2019年新入侵海南的一种严重威胁全世界咖啡生产的害虫,对海南甚至全国咖啡产业的健康发展构成重大威胁。为尽快了解咖啡果小蠹的习性,以及为今后该害虫的防控技术提供基础数据,本研究观察了咖啡果小蠹的假死行为和耐饥能力,并探讨短时高温对其致死效应。结果表明:24 h不饲喂任何食料对咖啡果小蠹成虫的假死行为无显著影响;45 ℃短时高温处理2 h显著提高了咖啡果小蠹成虫出现假死反应的比例和时长,假死反应出现比例达72.0%,假死时长为320.33 s,显著高于26 ℃下的假死时长(43.26 s)。咖啡果小蠹成虫具有较强的耐饥能力,在不提供任何食料的情况下,其最长存活时间可达204 h,平均存活时长达90.17 h。咖啡果小蠹成虫经短时高温处理后,处理温度与处理时长均显著影响其存活率,随着处理温度的升高及处理时间的延长,死亡率逐渐增加。45 ℃处理6 h后校正死亡率达94.92%;处理12 h的死亡率达100%;36 ℃和39 ℃处理6 h及以下时长对咖啡果小蠹的存活能力影响较小,36 ℃和39 ℃处理6 h,处理后24 h的校正死亡率分别为16.94%和23.73%。不同短时高温处理的半致死时间(Lt50)表现为随处理温度的升高而缩短,且随着观察时间的延长,Lt50随着缩短,其中45 ℃处理后24 h和48 h的Lt50最短,分别为3.11 h和2.70 h;36 ℃处理的Lt50最长,分别为17.85 h和11.42 h。不同短时高温处理6 h,处理后24 h和48 h的半致死温度(LT50)分别为39.53 ℃和38.66 ℃,LT50随观察时间的延长而降低。

咖啡果小蠹  /  假死行为  /  高温处理  /  致死作用

Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), a newly invading pest in Hainan in 2019, is a serious threat to coffee production all over the world, posing a major threat to the healthy development of the coffee industry in Hainan and even the whole country. In order to understand the habits of this insect and provide basic data for the prevention and control of this insect in the future, this experiment observed its death-feigning, hunger tolerance ability, and discussed the lethal effect of short-term high temperature on it. The results showed that 24 h without feeding any food had no significant effect on the death-feigning of H. hampei adults. After the treatment at 45 ℃ for 2 h, the proportion and duration of death-feigning of H. hampei adults were significantly increased. The proportion of suspended death reaction was 72.0% and the duration of death-feigning was 320.33 s, which was significantly higher than 43.26 s at 26 ℃. H. hampei had a strong hunger tolerance ability, without providing any food, its longest survival time could reach 204 h, the average survival time was 90.17 h. After short-term high temperature treatment, both treatment temperature and treatment duration significantly affected the survival of adults of H. hampei. With the increase of treatment temperature and treatment duration, the mortality rate increased gradually. The corrected mortality rate was 94.92% after 6 h treatment at 45 ℃, and the mortality rate reached 100% after 12 h. Treatment at 36 ℃ and 39 ℃ for 6 h or less had little effect on the viability of H. hampei, and the mortality rate was 16.94% and 23.73% after 24 h, respectively. The Lt50 of different short-term high temperature treatments decreased with the increase of treatment temperature, and the Lt50 also decreased with the extension of observation time. The shortest Lt50 for 24 h and 48 h after 45 ℃ treatment was 3.11 h and 2.70 h. The longest Lt50 treated at 36 ℃ was 17.85 h and 11.42 h. The LT50 was 39.53 ℃ and 38.66 ℃ for 24 h and 48 h after 6 h of different short-time high temperature treatments, and the LT50 reduced with the extension of observation time.

Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)  /  death-feigning  /  high temperature treatment  /  lethal effect
韩冬银, 詹灿烂, 李磊, 王建赟, 张方平, 孙世伟, 符悦冠. 咖啡果小蠹的假死行为及短时高温对其致死作用. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (3) : 609 -613 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.018
Dongyin HAN, Canlan ZHAN, Lei LI, Jianyun WANG, Fangping ZHANG, Shiwei SUN, Yueguan FU. Effects of Short-term Extreme Heat on Adult Mortality and Deathfeigning of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (3) : 609 -613 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.018
咖啡果小蠹[Hypothenemus hampei(Ferrari)]属于鞘翅目(Coleoptera),象虫科(Curculionidae)小蠹亚科(Scolytinae),是我国对外检疫对象,原产于热带和亚热带,广泛分布于越南、老挝、柬埔寨、泰国、哥伦比亚、秘鲁、巴西等大多数咖啡主产国家和地区[1-3]。咖啡果小蠹是一种严重威胁全世界咖啡生产的害虫,每年造成的损失达5亿美元,造成咖啡减产可高达50%以上[4-5]。我国于2019年首次发现该虫在海南省万宁市兴隆地区为害咖啡植株,截至目前,该虫已迅速蔓延至琼中、白沙等海南主要咖啡种植区,对海南省甚至全国咖啡产业的健康发展构成重大威胁。咖啡果小蠹除为害青果、黄果和红果外,在收获期间还可在地上残留的浆果或留在树枝上的干果中生存,至下造咖啡果期再转果为害[6],随咖啡豆调运是其远距离扩散的主要方式,尽管采取相关的检疫措施,仍无法避免该虫向有利于其繁殖的咖啡生态圈扩散。因此,采用有效的防治措施和维持较低的虫口密度,是控制该虫的可能选择[7]。由于咖啡果小蠹为新入侵害虫,其生物生态学习性尚未完全明确,为尽快了解咖啡果小蠹的习性,本研究通过观察其假死行为和耐饥能力,并探讨短时高温对咖啡果小蠹的致死效应,以期为咖啡果小蠹的防控提供基础数据。
咖啡果小蠹采自海南省万宁市兴隆镇中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所高龙试验基地咖啡园(110.1849°E, 18.7080°N)。将咖啡果小蠹连同咖啡干果一起采集密封带回实验室[(25±2)℃],选取雌成虫供试验研究。
(1)取食与否对咖啡果小蠹成虫假死的影响。在实验室内,取食组:将试虫从咖啡豆中解剖取出观察;饥饿组:将咖啡果小蠹从咖啡豆中解剖取出,24 h不饲喂任何食料,轻放至实验台上,观察是否假死。
(2)不同温度对咖啡果小蠹成虫假死的影响。将咖啡果小蠹连同咖啡豆分别放入26、45 ℃,相对湿度为75%±10%、光周期L∶D=12∶12的人工气候箱内,2 h后取出,然后置于26 ℃气候箱饲养24 h,观察是否假死。试验设10个重复,每个重复10头虫。
若试虫静止不动,则判断为假死,开始计时,当试虫足伸出或者活动明显时,则判断为假死结束。
将咖啡果小蠹成虫放入5 mL离心管中,离心管口用棉花封口,不提供食物和水,置于26 ℃、相对湿度为75%±10%、光周期L∶D=12∶12的人工气候箱内饲养。每12 h观察1次,连续观察至试虫全部死亡,并记录试虫死亡情况。观察试虫足是否伸出并且活动明显,为避免试虫假死造成误判,初步判定为死亡的试虫置于培养皿中,1 h后再次观察确认。试验设10个重复,每重复10头虫。
将咖啡果小蠹成虫放入5 mL离心管中,离心管口用棉花封口,以咖啡果为食料。试验设36、39、42、45 ℃共4个处理温度,高温处理在高低温交变试验箱(ZY/GDWJ-2251)中进行。在预试验的基础上,36、39 ℃分别处理6、9、12、15、18 h,42、45 ℃处理2、3、4、5、6、12 h,然后转至26 ℃、相对湿度为75%±10%、光周期为L∶D=12∶12的人工气候箱内饲养。处理后每24 h观察1次,连续观察至试虫全部死亡,并记录死虫数。观察方法同1.2.2。以26 ℃饲养试虫为对照(CK),试验设4个重复,每重复20头虫。
按以下公式计算死亡率和校正死亡率:
根据不同温度、不同处理时间的死亡数量,参照BROUFAS等[8]和WANG等[9]的方法计算半致死温度(LT50)和半致死时间(Lt50)。
采用Excel软件进行数据统计,应用DPS 16.5软件进行统计分析,采用T检验对比不同条件假死时长的差异显著性;采用Duncan’s新复极差法检验不同处理温度咖啡果小蠹成虫校正死亡率的差异显著性。
咖啡果小蠹成虫的假死行为表现为虫体僵硬不动,足的胫节微屈于腹面,肌肉紧张。觉醒时,通常足部先缓慢伸缩,随后全身恢复活动。取食与24 h不饲喂任何食料对咖啡果小蠹成虫的假死行为反应的影响无明显差异,试虫出现假死反应的比例分别为9.0%和8.0%,出现假死行为的个体平均假死时长分别为33.63、46.89 s,差异不显著(P=0.4939)。
45 ℃短时高温处理2 h后,咖啡果小蠹成虫出现假死反应的比例和时长均显著提高,出现假死反应的比例达72.0%,显著高于26 ℃的10.0%;45 ℃短时高温处理2 h后平均假死时长为320.33 s,显著高于26 ℃下的43.26 s(P=0.0018)。
咖啡果小蠹成虫具有较强的耐饥能力,在不提供食料和水的情况下,其最长存活时间可达204 h,平均存活时长达90.17 h;饥饿36 h的总体存活率为90.00%。在饥饿时长为48~72 h,试虫的耐饥饿能力快速下降,从饥饿48 h总体存活率为78.57%,快速降至饥饿72 h的38.57%,随后缓慢下降(图1)。
咖啡果小蠹成虫经短时高温处理后,温度与时长均显著影响其存活,在试验温度范围内,随着温度升高及处理时间的延长,咖啡果小蠹成虫的死亡率逐渐提高;恢复到26 ℃后随饲养时间的延长,死亡率继续升高。45 ℃处理2、3 h对其校正死亡率的影响差异不显著,处理4 h死亡率快速提升,24、48 h校正死亡率分别为72.88%和77.97%,显著高于处理2、3 h,与处理5 h差异不显著;处理12 h后24 h死亡率为100%。36、39 ℃处理6 h及以下时长对咖啡果小蠹存活能力的影响较小,36、39 ℃处理6 h,其24 h校正死亡率分别为16.94%和23.73%,随着观察时间的延长,死亡率有所增加,48 h校正死亡率分别为28.81%和33.89%(表1表2)。
通过计算得到不同短时高温条件下的回归方程和半致死时间(Lt50)。不同短时高温条件下,处理后24、48 h的半致死时间均表现为随处理温度的增高而缩短,且随着观察时间的延长,半致死时间也缩短,其中45 ℃处理的Lt50最短,分别为3.11、2.70 h;36 ℃处理的Lt50最长,分别为17.85、11.42 h(表3)。
通过计算得到不同短时高温处理6 h的回归方程和半致死温度,处理后24 h的回归方程为y=-42.270+29.600xR2=0.9534,处理后24 h和48 h的半致死温度(LT50)分别为39.53 ℃和38.66 ℃,半致死温度随着观察时间的延长而降低。
研究结果表明:24 h不饲喂任何食料对咖啡果小蠹成虫的假死行为无显著影响,短时高温处理可显著提高咖啡果小蠹成虫出现假死反应的比例和时长。咖啡果小蠹成虫具有较强的耐饥能力,在不提供任何食料的情况下,平均存活时长达90.17 h。短时高温处理显著影响咖啡果小蠹成虫的存活能力,随处理温度的升高及处理时间的延长,死亡率逐渐增加。不同短时高温处理的半致死时间随处理温度的升高或观察时间的延长而缩短。不同短时高温处理6 h的半致死温度随观察时间的延长而降低。
假死作为昆虫重要的防御行为,受昆虫自身内部影响因素,包括性别、体重或饥饿程度等及外界因素光照、温度、声音等的影响[10]。本研究观察发现45 ℃短时高温处理对咖啡果小蠹成虫出现假死反应的比例和时长均有显著影响,因此,在开展高温对其致死影响的相关研究时,应注意延长观察时间或反复观察以免误判。
咖啡果小蠹除在田间自然扩散外,在咖啡豆中存活且随咖啡豆调运是其远距离扩散的主要方式,且雌虫在离开为害果前已完成交配,耐饥能力较强,在不提供食料和水的情况下,其最长存活时间可达204 h,因此,对仓储期或调运前的咖啡豆进行熏蒸或高温等处理是防止咖啡果小蠹远距离扩散的重要措施[5,7,11]。利用干燥炉,49 ℃处理0.5 h可灭杀咖啡豆内的害虫,但容易影响咖啡豆的色泽[12-13]。高温热处理对昆虫的致死效应不仅取决于温度的高低,还取决于暴露时间的长短。本研究结果表明,咖啡果小蠹成虫在36~45 ℃范围内,随着处理温度的升高及处理时间的延长,其死亡率逐渐升高;45 ℃处理12 h的死亡率为100%;处理后24、48 h的半致死时间表现为随处理温度的升高而缩短,且随观察时间的延长,其半致死时间逐渐缩短;其中45 ℃处理的Lt50最短;处理6 h后24、48 h的半致死温度随着观察时间的延长而逐渐降低。关于高温处理过程中环境温度、环境湿度及储藏设施条件对咖啡果小蠹的致死作用的影响亟需进一步研究,以便有效地利用高温处理彻底杀灭储藏期的咖啡果小蠹,为咖啡及其制品后期的安全储运提供基础数据。
  • 海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2020082)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630142020002)
参考文献 引证文献
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2024年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.018
  • 接收时间:2022-11-22
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-22
  • 修回日期:2022-12-28
基金
海南省重点研发计划项目(ZDYF2020082)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630142020002)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/海南省热带农业有害生物监测与控制重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所,海南万宁 571533
    3.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024

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* 符悦冠(FU Yueguan),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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