Article(id=1277330253706035225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1669737600000, receivedDateStr=2022-11-30, revisedDate=1671120000000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468864131, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468864131, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468864131, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468864131, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277330185204666919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='443', pageEnd='652', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1711296000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1782468847800, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782468948575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=551, endPage=563, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277330254620393499, articleId=1277330253706035225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Comparison and Analysis of Flower Volatile Compounds in Seven Mango Varieties, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Insects use floral volatiles as the olfactory cues to locate flowers. Numerous studies have shown that the selection behavior of insects can be impacted by variations in the volatile component concentration of floral varieties. The flower of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rely on insect pollination and susceptible to florivorous pests. However, volatiles in different varieties of mango flowers are relatively insufficient, which is unfavourable to the development of attractants and repellents. Therefore, the volatile floral chemical components in seven mango varieties (M. indica var. Sijimi, M. indica var. Tainong 1, M. indica var. Guire 82, M. indica var. Kaite, M. indica var. Hongmang 6, M. indica var. Hongxiangya, and M. indica var. Jinhuang) were collected using the dynamic headspace adsorption technique. The volatile components were identified and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to compare the composition differences and similarities of the components. The findings indicated that a total of 115 volatile components, comprising 44 terpenes, 30 alkanes, 16 esters, 16 alcohols, five ketones, three aldehydes, and one phenol, were found in the volatiles of the seven species of mango flowers. 82 distinct types of volatile substances were discovered in M. indica var. Sijimi, 49 distinct types of M. indica var. Tainong 1, 46 distinct types of M. indica var. Guire 82, 49 distinct types of M. indica var. Kaite, 60 distinct types of M. indica var. Hongmang 6, 49 distinctive types of M. indica var. Hongxiangya, and 59 distinct types of M. indica var. Jinhuang. Seven species of mango blossoms contained 14 common volatile components: α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, 3-carene, α-terpinene, D-limonene, β-ocimene, terpinolene, 1-caryophyllene, germacrene D, o-cymene, benzoic acid, ethyl ester and 2-propyl-1-pentanol; 33 different types of specific components existed, including 24 different types of M. indica var. Sijimi, four different types of M. indica var. Tainong 1, two different types of M. indica var. Jinhuang, one type of M. indica var. Guire 82, M. indica var. Hongmang 6, and M. indica var. Kaite. The volatile compounds of mango flowers had higher relative concentrations of terpenes (46.15%–89.41%), alcohols (2.01%–23.58%), esters (3.34%–14.67%), and alkanes (2.27%–13.75%). The most abundant terpenes were α-pinene, 3-carene and terpinolene, the most abundant alcohols was linalool. The most abundant esters were benzoic acid, ethyl ester, and the most abundant alkanes were cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl. The flower volatilesof M. indica var. Sijimi and M. indica var. Jinhuang had highest similarity of 0.862 among seven mango species; and that of M. indica var. Sijimi and M. indica var. Hongxiangya had the lowest similarity of 0.255. The findings would provide a reference for flower-volatile-mediated behavior preference researches in pollination insects and florivorous pests to various mango varieties.

, authors=null, authorsList=Shuai WANG, Xialin ZHENG, Cong LUO, Xinhua HE, Xiaoyun WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaoyun WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277330256071622691, articleId=1277330253706035225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=7个品种芒果花的挥发性化合物比较与分析, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

花朵挥发物是传粉昆虫和食花害虫定位花朵的嗅觉线索,不同品种间花朵挥发物含量组分的差异影响昆虫的选择行为多有报道。芒果依赖昆虫传粉,且易受食花害虫为害。而不同品种芒果花的挥发性化合物尚无报道,不利于引诱剂/趋避剂的开发。因此,本研究利用动态顶空吸附法收集四季蜜芒、台农1号、桂热82号、凯特芒、红芒6号、红象牙、金煌芒的花朵挥发物,运用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)鉴定分析其挥发性成分的组成差异和相似度。结果表明:7个品种芒果花挥发物共鉴定出挥发性成分115种,其中萜烯类44种、烷烃类30种、酯类16种、醇类16种、酮类5种、醛类3种、酚类1种。四季蜜芒、台农1号、桂热82号、凯特芒、红芒6号、红象牙和金煌芒的挥发性成分分别为82、49、46、49、60、49和59种。7个品种芒果花挥发物的共有成分有14种,分别为α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、3-蒈烯、α-萜品烯、D-柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、萜品油烯、1-石竹烯、大牛儿烯D、邻-异丙基苯、苯甲酸乙酯和2-丙基-1-戊醇;特异性成分有33种,其中四季蜜芒有24种,台农1号有4种,金煌芒有2种,桂热82号、红芒6号和凯特芒各有1种。7个品种芒果花的挥发物中以萜烯类(46.15%~89.41%)、醇类(2.01%~23.58%)、酯类(3.34%~14.67%)、烷烃类(2.27%~13.75%)的相对含量较多。其中萜烯类含量较高的有α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和萜品油烯,醇类含量最高的是芳香醇,酯类中含量最高的是苯甲酸乙酯,烷烃类中含量最高的是环己硅氧烷。7个品种芒果花挥发物间的关系最近的是四季蜜芒和金煌芒,相似度达0.862,最远的是四季蜜芒与红象牙,相似度为0.255。本研究结果为后续花朵挥发性气味介导的传粉昆虫和食花害虫对芒果不同品种的选择偏好性研究提供参考依据。

, authors=

王帅(1995—),男,硕士,研究方向:农业资源开发利用。

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* 王小云(WANG Xiaoyun),E-mail:
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王帅(1995—),男,硕士,研究方向:农业资源开发利用。

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王帅(1995—),男,硕士,研究方向:农业资源开发利用。

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Behavioral response of Bactrocera dorsalis female adults to the host volatile, β-caryophyllene[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 2021, 43(1): 253-259. 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Studies on the pattern of transferring damage and host preference of Bactrococera dorsalis in the guava producing area[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2020. 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Information on the collection of volatiles from mango flowers

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编号No.品种Variety采集日期Collect date温度Temperature/℃天气状况Weather condition
M1桂热82号2022-04-0311~25
M2台农1号2022-03-1519~27
M3四季蜜芒2022-04-0211~19
M4金煌芒2022-03-2814~22多云
M5红芒6号2022-04-0412~27
M6红象牙2022-04-0515~27
M7凯特芒2022-04-0616~27
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芒果花挥发物的采集信息

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编号No.品种Variety采集日期Collect date温度Temperature/℃天气状况Weather condition
M1桂热82号2022-04-0311~25
M2台农1号2022-03-1519~27
M3四季蜜芒2022-04-0211~19
M4金煌芒2022-03-2814~22多云
M5红芒6号2022-04-0412~27
M6红象牙2022-04-0515~27
M7凯特芒2022-04-0616~27
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Compositions and relative contents of flowers volatiles in seven mango varieties

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), ArticleFig(id=1277330264976130128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330253706035225, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

7个品种芒果花挥发物成分及相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
), ArticleFig(id=1277330265068404817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330253706035225, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Compositions and relative contents of flowers volatiles in seven mango varieties

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类别Category相对含量Relative content/%
M1M2M3M4M5M6M7
萜烯类71.36±8.9689.41±15.0146.15±6.9884.98±8.2282.03±14.1688.12±7.5389.13±12.2
烷烃类6.03±1.663.71±0.7113.75±3.412.27±0.406.44±0.733.67±0.967.46±1.46
酯类5.68±1.346.65±0.6514.67±3.288.78±2.375.39±0.824.29±0.523.34±0.69
醇类15.77±2.212.01±0.2223.58±4.147.55±1.574.84±1.175.41±0.523.09±0.28
酮类0.05±0.010.77±0.191.04±0.1700.11±0.0200
醛类0.03±0.0100.16±0.030.04±0.010.01±0.000.23±0.030
酚类00.01±0.000.26±0.0600.16±0.0300
), ArticleFig(id=1277330265198428242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330253706035225, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

7个品种芒果花挥发物成分类别及相对含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别Category相对含量Relative content/%
M1M2M3M4M5M6M7
萜烯类71.36±8.9689.41±15.0146.15±6.9884.98±8.2282.03±14.1688.12±7.5389.13±12.2
烷烃类6.03±1.663.71±0.7113.75±3.412.27±0.406.44±0.733.67±0.967.46±1.46
酯类5.68±1.346.65±0.6514.67±3.288.78±2.375.39±0.824.29±0.523.34±0.69
醇类15.77±2.212.01±0.2223.58±4.147.55±1.574.84±1.175.41±0.523.09±0.28
酮类0.05±0.010.77±0.191.04±0.1700.11±0.0200
醛类0.03±0.0100.16±0.030.04±0.010.01±0.000.23±0.030
酚类00.01±0.000.26±0.0600.16±0.0300
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7个品种芒果花的挥发性化合物比较与分析
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王帅 , 郑霞林 , 罗聪 , 何新华 , 王小云 *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(3): 551-563
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (3) : 551 -563
7个品种芒果花的挥发性化合物比较与分析
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王帅, 郑霞林, 罗聪, 何新华, 王小云*
作者信息
  • 广西大学农学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西南宁 530004
通讯作者:
* 王小云(WANG Xiaoyun),E-mail:
Comparison and Analysis of Flower Volatile Compounds in Seven Mango Varieties
Shuai WANG, Xialin ZHENG, Cong LUO, Xinhua HE, Xiaoyun WANG*
Affiliations
  • College of Agriculture, Guangxi University / State Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Agricultural Biological Resources, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.013
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花朵挥发物是传粉昆虫和食花害虫定位花朵的嗅觉线索,不同品种间花朵挥发物含量组分的差异影响昆虫的选择行为多有报道。芒果依赖昆虫传粉,且易受食花害虫为害。而不同品种芒果花的挥发性化合物尚无报道,不利于引诱剂/趋避剂的开发。因此,本研究利用动态顶空吸附法收集四季蜜芒、台农1号、桂热82号、凯特芒、红芒6号、红象牙、金煌芒的花朵挥发物,运用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)鉴定分析其挥发性成分的组成差异和相似度。结果表明:7个品种芒果花挥发物共鉴定出挥发性成分115种,其中萜烯类44种、烷烃类30种、酯类16种、醇类16种、酮类5种、醛类3种、酚类1种。四季蜜芒、台农1号、桂热82号、凯特芒、红芒6号、红象牙和金煌芒的挥发性成分分别为82、49、46、49、60、49和59种。7个品种芒果花挥发物的共有成分有14种,分别为α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、3-蒈烯、α-萜品烯、D-柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、萜品油烯、1-石竹烯、大牛儿烯D、邻-异丙基苯、苯甲酸乙酯和2-丙基-1-戊醇;特异性成分有33种,其中四季蜜芒有24种,台农1号有4种,金煌芒有2种,桂热82号、红芒6号和凯特芒各有1种。7个品种芒果花的挥发物中以萜烯类(46.15%~89.41%)、醇类(2.01%~23.58%)、酯类(3.34%~14.67%)、烷烃类(2.27%~13.75%)的相对含量较多。其中萜烯类含量较高的有α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯和萜品油烯,醇类含量最高的是芳香醇,酯类中含量最高的是苯甲酸乙酯,烷烃类中含量最高的是环己硅氧烷。7个品种芒果花挥发物间的关系最近的是四季蜜芒和金煌芒,相似度达0.862,最远的是四季蜜芒与红象牙,相似度为0.255。本研究结果为后续花朵挥发性气味介导的传粉昆虫和食花害虫对芒果不同品种的选择偏好性研究提供参考依据。

芒果花  /  动态顶空吸附  /  气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)  /  挥发性成分

Insects use floral volatiles as the olfactory cues to locate flowers. Numerous studies have shown that the selection behavior of insects can be impacted by variations in the volatile component concentration of floral varieties. The flower of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rely on insect pollination and susceptible to florivorous pests. However, volatiles in different varieties of mango flowers are relatively insufficient, which is unfavourable to the development of attractants and repellents. Therefore, the volatile floral chemical components in seven mango varieties (M. indica var. Sijimi, M. indica var. Tainong 1, M. indica var. Guire 82, M. indica var. Kaite, M. indica var. Hongmang 6, M. indica var. Hongxiangya, and M. indica var. Jinhuang) were collected using the dynamic headspace adsorption technique. The volatile components were identified and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to compare the composition differences and similarities of the components. The findings indicated that a total of 115 volatile components, comprising 44 terpenes, 30 alkanes, 16 esters, 16 alcohols, five ketones, three aldehydes, and one phenol, were found in the volatiles of the seven species of mango flowers. 82 distinct types of volatile substances were discovered in M. indica var. Sijimi, 49 distinct types of M. indica var. Tainong 1, 46 distinct types of M. indica var. Guire 82, 49 distinct types of M. indica var. Kaite, 60 distinct types of M. indica var. Hongmang 6, 49 distinctive types of M. indica var. Hongxiangya, and 59 distinct types of M. indica var. Jinhuang. Seven species of mango blossoms contained 14 common volatile components: α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, 3-carene, α-terpinene, D-limonene, β-ocimene, terpinolene, 1-caryophyllene, germacrene D, o-cymene, benzoic acid, ethyl ester and 2-propyl-1-pentanol; 33 different types of specific components existed, including 24 different types of M. indica var. Sijimi, four different types of M. indica var. Tainong 1, two different types of M. indica var. Jinhuang, one type of M. indica var. Guire 82, M. indica var. Hongmang 6, and M. indica var. Kaite. The volatile compounds of mango flowers had higher relative concentrations of terpenes (46.15%–89.41%), alcohols (2.01%–23.58%), esters (3.34%–14.67%), and alkanes (2.27%–13.75%). The most abundant terpenes were α-pinene, 3-carene and terpinolene, the most abundant alcohols was linalool. The most abundant esters were benzoic acid, ethyl ester, and the most abundant alkanes were cyclohexasiloxane, dodecamethyl. The flower volatilesof M. indica var. Sijimi and M. indica var. Jinhuang had highest similarity of 0.862 among seven mango species; and that of M. indica var. Sijimi and M. indica var. Hongxiangya had the lowest similarity of 0.255. The findings would provide a reference for flower-volatile-mediated behavior preference researches in pollination insects and florivorous pests to various mango varieties.

mango flowers  /  dynamic headspace adsorption (DHSA)  /  gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS)  /  volatile components
王帅, 郑霞林, 罗聪, 何新华, 王小云. 7个品种芒果花的挥发性化合物比较与分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (3) : 551 -563 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.013
Shuai WANG, Xialin ZHENG, Cong LUO, Xinhua HE, Xiaoyun WANG. Comparison and Analysis of Flower Volatile Compounds in Seven Mango Varieties[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (3) : 551 -563 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.013
芒果,也作杧果(Mangifera indica L.),属漆树科,是四大热带水果之一,被誉为“热带果王”,经济价值高[1-2]。芒果是典型的虫媒作物,授粉者缺乏是芒果结实率低的原因之一[3-4]。芒果主要花期常遇低温阴雨,授粉昆虫减少,导致无虫授粉或授粉不良,致使其结实率下降。此外,芒果花期易受芒果扁喙叶蝉(Idioscopus incertus Baker)、芒果横线尾夜蛾(Chlumetia transversa Walker)、芒果天蛾(Compsogene panopus Cramer)等食花害虫为害[5]。花朵挥发物在吸引昆虫授粉及为害方面有重要作用[6-7]
花朵挥发物组成复杂,同种植物不同品种间花朵挥发物的种类和含量有一定差异。如经鉴定和分析,酥梨、雪花梨和鸭梨的花朵挥发成分分别为51、42和41种,且3个品种中共有的20种成分的相对含量也不同[8]。蓝莓品种Elliott的花朵释放的顺-3-乙酸己烯酯显著高于Duke和Bluecrop两个品种[9]。此外,不同品种间不同含量组分的差异也影响昆虫的选择行为。研究表明,蜜蜂辨别花朵的能力与花朵挥发物化合物的浓度、数量以及相似性有关[10]。如草莓品种Sonata的花香挥发物总量高于Honeoye和Darselect,且野外条件下蜜蜂对Sonata的访问率高于Honeoye和Darselect[11]。豆花蓟马(Megalurothrips sjostedti)对不同品种豇豆花挥发物的偏好差异显著,雌虫对Ken Kunde 1吸引,对Katumani 80趋避,对Ex-Luanda无明显偏好;而雄虫对Machakos 66表现趋避[12]。田间试验发现丁香罗勒花序上引诱的绿盲蝽(Apolygus lucorum)数量显著高于其他6个罗勒品种[13]。由此可知,研究同种植物不同品种花朵挥发物的成分和含量差异对解析访花昆虫和花期害虫的行为选择偏好性有重要参考意义。
已报道的芒果花组分研究多利用溶剂浸提法分析其药理作用,不利于分析芒果花的挥发性组分。芒果花的水煎液组分主要有甾体、三萜、酚类和黄酮类化合物[14]。芒果花的二氯甲烷浸提液中共鉴定出挥发性化合物28种,其中含量最多的6种为顺式-罗勒烯、α-蒎烯、β-石竹烯、反式-罗勒烯、α-律草烯、β-蒎烯[15]。TOLKE等[16]在芒果花蒸馏精油中鉴定出21种化合物,含量最高的5种依次为萜品油烯、古芸烯、芹子烯、α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯。然而,不同品种芒果花朵挥发物的比较分析较为缺乏。JESUS等[17]用动态顶空吸附法对Carabao芒果花挥发物进行抽提,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定出芒果花在盛花期释放约138种挥发性化学物质,检测结果显示主要挥发性化学物质是烃类、醇类、酯类,分别占总挥发性物质的31.9%、16.7%、10.1%,萜品油烯是最丰富的单一成分,酰胺、醚、酮、醛和羧酸是次要成分。目前关于芒果花组分分析多用浸提鉴定,对于挥发性组分的鉴定报道很少,针对不同芒果品种间花朵挥发物的成分及含量差异的研究更鲜有报道。因此,本研究以广西大学标本园的7个芒果品种为试验材料,采用动态顶空吸附法抽取芒果花挥发物,采用GC-MS技术进行检测,通过核对标准谱库(NIST 17.0)标准化合物的质谱图进行检索比对并分析鉴定,用峰面积归一法计算各成分的相对百分含量,比较不同芒果花挥发性成分的种类和含量差异,研究结果可对解析芒果花吸引访花昆虫、花期害虫的化学物质提供数据参考。
供试植株:供试芒果品种包括桂热82号、台农1号、四季蜜芒、金煌芒、红芒6号、红象牙、凯特芒,均种植于广西大学标本园(22°50′N, 108°17′E)。
主要仪器和设备:气相色谱-质谱联用仪(7890B-5975C,安捷伦科技有限公司,美国)、色谱柱(HP-5MS,J&W Scientific,Folsom,美国)、大气采样仪QC-1S型(北京市劳动保护科学研究所,北京,中国),无味聚乙烯塑料袋(Reynolds,美国)、吸附管(内径5 mm)填充200 mg吸附剂(Porapak Q吸附剂,80~100目,美国Supelco公司)。
花朵挥发物的采集均在芒果花盛花期(采集时间见表1),开花期间不喷洒任何农药。芒果花挥发物的收集采用动态顶空吸附法,使用无味聚乙烯塑料袋套住芒果花(活体抽取,芒果花自然释放状态,采集结束后不会对芒果的生长造成影响),袋子两端留进气口和出气口。从大气采样仪产生的空气,通过活性炭和填装了Porapak Q吸附剂的吸附管,从进气口进入采集袋内,出气口装有与进气口同等型号的吸附剂吸附植物挥发物。所有连接管均使用特氟龙软管,进气口、出气口流量均为300 mL/min。采集时间为上午8:00—12:00,共收集4 h。每个芒果品种采集3株植株,每株植株选取数量大小相似的3个花簇,共计9个重复。
采集结束后,用2 mL的色谱纯正己烷洗脱吸附管,将同一植株的3根吸附管洗脱液合并到1个进样瓶中浓缩至1 mL,洗脱样品保存于–20 ℃冰箱,备用,检测前用氮气吹浓缩至100 μL。
GC-MS检测条件:安捷伦气相色谱-质谱联用仪,色谱柱为HP-5MS毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm),载气为氦气,纯度>99.99%,进样量为1 μL,恒流不分流模式。GC工作条件:进样器250 ℃,检测器300 ℃,流速为1 mL/min;柱箱升温程序:起始温度40 ℃,保持1 min,5 ℃/min升温至90 ℃,保持1 min,3 ℃/min升温至120 ℃,保持1 min,10 ℃/min升温至200 ℃保持1 min结束;MS工作条件:EI离子源,电子能量70 eV,质子扫描范围为50~ 550 amu,四级杆温度为150 ℃,离子源温度为230 ℃,电子倍增器电压为1200 V。各成分通过核对标准谱库(NIST 17.0)标准化合物的质谱图进行检索比对并分析后进行定性。采取峰面积归一法进行定量。
经GC-MS分析得到的总离子流图,对各峰经质谱数据系统检索和NIST 17标准质谱图数据库比对,并用峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。采用One-Way ANOVA单因素方差分析7个品种芒果花挥发物成分之间的差异显著性,并用多重比较(Tukey HSD)不同植物挥发物同一成分相对含量的差异。用SPSS 26.0软件斯皮尔曼检验对7个品种芒果花挥发性成分的相对含量进行相关性分析。
经HP-5MS安捷伦色谱柱分离、MS检测,得到芒果花挥发物总离子流图,7个品种芒果花挥发物总离子流图有明显区别(图1)。各成分经质谱数据系统检索和NIST 17.0标准质谱图数据库比对,7个品种种芒果花挥发物样品中共检出115种挥发性组分。化合物种类最多的是四季蜜芒,有82种,最少的为桂热82号,有46种。红芒6号、金煌芒、红象牙、台农1号和凯特芒则分别有60、59、49、49和49种。
表2表3可知,7个品种芒果花检测出的115种挥发性化合物中,包含了萜烯类44种、烷烃类30种、酯类16种、醇类16种、酮类5种、醛类3种、酚类1种。相对含量范围:萜烯类为46.15%~89.41%、醇类为2.01%~23.58%、酯类为3.34%~14.67%和烷烃类为2.27%~13.75%。其中,α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、莰烯、1-石竹烯、α-萜品烯、萜品油烯、β-罗勒烯、大牛儿烯D、芳香醇、2-丙基-1-戊醇、苯甲酸乙酯等较为普遍。不同品种的芒果花挥发物组分存在一定差异。
桂热82号花挥发物检测出萜烯类22种、烷烃类11种、酯类7种、醇类4种、酮类1种、醛类1种。以上各类物质含量依次分别为71.36%、6.03%、5.68%、15.77%、0.05%、0.03%。桂热82号花挥发物相对含量最高的物质是α-蒎烯(57.81%),其次是芳香醇、苯甲酸乙酯,这3种物质占总挥发物成分的78.30%。
台农1号花挥发物检测出萜烯类25种、烷烃类11种、酯类4种、醇类5种、酮类3种、酚类1种,以上各类物质含量依次分别为89.41%、3.71%、6.65%、2.01%、0.77%、0.01%。台农1号花挥发物相对含量最高的是萜品油烯为51.44%,其次为3-蒈烯、大牛儿烯D、α-蒎烯和苯甲酸乙酯,这5物质占总挥发物成分的78.36%。
四季蜜芒花挥发物检测出挥萜烯类33种、烷烃类19种、酯类12种、醇类11种、酮类4种、醛类2种、酚类1种,以上各类物质含量依次分别为46.15%、13.75%、14.67%、23.58%、1.04%、0.16%、0.26%。四季蜜芒花挥发物相对含量较高的为萜品油烯、芳香醇和苯甲酸乙酯,这3种物质占总挥发物成分的61.60%。
金煌芒花挥发物检测出萜烯类27种、烷烃类16种、酯类6种、醇类7种、醛类2种,以上各类物质含量依次分别为84.98%、2.27%、8.78%、7.55%、0.04%。金煌芒花挥发物相对含量较高的成分有3-蒈烯、萜品油烯、苯甲酸乙酯和芳香醇。这4种物质占总挥发物成分的78.53%。
红芒6号花挥发物检测出萜烯类26种、烷烃类14种、酯类7种、醇类9种、酮类2种、醛类1种,酚类1种,以上各类物质含量依次分别为82.03%、6.44%、5.39%、4.84%、0.11%、0.01%、0.16%。红芒6号花挥发物相对含量最高的是3-蒈烯(55.57%),其次为D-柠檬烯、α-萜品烯、β-月桂烯、α-松油醇、萜品油烯和苯甲酸乙酯,这7种物质占总挥发物成分的78.01%。
红象牙花挥发物检测出萜烯类26种、烷烃类14种、酯类4种、醇类4种、醛类1种,以上各类物质含量依次分别为88.12%、3.67%、4.29%、5.41%、0.23%。红象牙花挥发物相对含量较高的物质有萜品油烯、α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、D-柠檬烯、1-石竹烯,这5种物质占总挥发物成分的78.41%。
凯特芒花挥发物检测出萜烯类27种、烷烃类13种、酯类6种、醇类3种,以上各类物质含量依次分别为89.13%、7.46%、3.34%、3.09%。凯特芒花挥发物含量最高的物质为3-蒈烯(65.61%),其次为D-柠檬烯和α-蒎烯,这3种物质占总挥发物成分的73.06%。
7个品种芒果花挥发物中含有14种共有成分,分别为α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、3-蒈烯、α-萜品烯、D-柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯、萜品油烯、1-石竹烯、大牛儿烯D、邻-异丙基苯、苯甲酸乙酯和2-丙基-1-戊醇,14种共有成分总相对含量分别占桂热82号、台农1号、四季蜜芒、金煌芒、红芒6号、红象牙和凯特芒总成分相对含量的74.53%、85.31%、50.96%、85.38%、81.28%、88.04%和87.06%,且各成分在各个品种中的相对含量存在差别。3-蒈烯在7个品种芒果花挥发物中含量较高,尤其在凯特芒和红芒中的含量分别高达65.61%和55.57%,与其他5个芒果品种的相对含量差异显著;α-蒎烯在桂热82号中的相对含量高达57.81%,显著区别于其他6个品种;萜品油烯在7个品种芒果花挥发物中的相对含量较为丰富,台农1号的最高可达51.44%,其次是红象牙(38.81%),显著高于其他5个品种;苯甲酸乙酯相对含量为1.57%~11.38%(表2图1)。由共有成分种类表明7个品种芒果花挥发物具有一定的相似性,而由共有成分含量的差异表明这7个品种芒果花挥发物具有一定的差异。
不同品种芒果花挥发物含有的特异性成分有33种,其中四季蜜芒有24种,台农1号4种,金煌芒2种、桂热82号、红芒6号和凯特芒都是1种,红象牙未检测出特异性成分,特异性成分的存在表明不同品种芒果花挥发物间具有一定的差异。四季蜜芒的特异性成分主要为对薄荷-1,3,8-三烯、(3E)-4,8-二甲基壬-1,3,7-三烯、依兰烯、对二甲苯、1-异丙烯基-3-甲基苯、邻苯二甲醚、2-羟乙基对羟基苯甲酸、辛酸乙酯、苯乙酸乙酯、水杨酸乙酯,台农1号为1-乙基-4-异丙基苯、α-荜澄茄油烯、环己烷、对伞花-8-醇,金煌芒为异香树烯、苯基三甲基硅烷,桂热82号为松香芹酮,红芒6号为2,6-二甲基-1,5,7-辛二烯-3-醇,凯特芒为1,5,8-p-薄荷烯。
以7个品种芒果花挥发物共有色谱峰的峰面积作相关性分析,并进行相似度评价(图2),结果表明,7个品种芒果花挥发物间存在一定差异,相似度最近的是四季蜜芒和金煌芒,相似度达到0.862;台农1号与金煌芒、台农1号与四季蜜芒、红芒6号与凯特芒也有较高的相似度,均达到0.800以上,四季蜜芒与红象牙相似度最低,仅为0.255。
本研究采用动态顶空吸附法和GC-MS法从7个不同芒果品种中共鉴定出115种化合物,然而不同品种芒果花挥发性化合物的数量有所不同。JESUS等[17]从Carabao芒果花挥发物中鉴定出138种挥发性成分,PANDIT等[15]从芒果花二氯甲烷浸提液中共鉴定出28种挥发性化合物,TOLKE等[16]在芒果花蒸馏精油中鉴定出21种化合物。本研究结果与已有芒果花挥发物鉴定的报道有一定差异,可能与不同品种、不同生长环境及不同挥发物提取方法有关。本研究中不同品种的环境条件相似,提取方法接近,因此,不同品种花朵挥发物组分的比较分析具有较好的参考价值。相对含量较高的芒果花和果实之间的共有和差异性的挥发物组分可能是花、果的生长发育相关的特征挥发物。例如,LIU等[18]在5种芒果果实挥发物中鉴定的共有成分为α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、3-蒈烯、D-柠檬烯、萜品油烯,与本研究的芒果花共有挥发物成分相同;而LIU等[18]在果实中鉴定的共有成分为1-己醇、对伞花烃、γ-松油烯、反式-2-己烯醛,而本研究中在芒果花挥发物中则未检测到,可能以上物质是果实的特征香味物质。
花朵挥发物是影响昆虫访花的主要因素之一,少部分化合物可能对昆虫的行为选择和定位起决定性作用[19-22]。研究表明,萜烯类和芳香族类是吸引授粉者的主要挥发性化合物类别[6,8]。本研究中,7个品种芒果花挥发物中萜烯类相对含量较高的共有成分,如α-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、萜品油烯、β-蒎烯、β-罗勒烯、β-月桂烯、D-柠檬烯以及芳香族类的芳香醇在其他花朵中也有报道,或是吸引授粉昆虫的优势组分。如茶花和茶梢的挥发物中水杨酸甲酯和芳香醇对门氏食蚜蝇(Sphaerophoria menthastri)有显著的吸引作用[23];罗勒烯对四条小食蚜蝇(Paragus quadrifasciatus)具有明显的引诱作用[24];疏花火烧兰(Epipactis veratrifolia)释放的α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯等物质,能够吸引黑带食蚜蝇(Episyrphus balteatus)前来产卵,从而有助于其传粉[25];蜜蜂、食蚜蝇等传粉昆虫在释放柠檬烯较高的甜叶菊(Stevia rebaudiana)上访问最多[26]。因此,芒果花挥发物的α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、罗勒烯、D-柠檬烯、芳香醇、水杨酸甲酯等物质可能作为蝇类引诱剂的优势候选组分。
本研究中7个品种芒果花挥发物共有色谱峰峰面积相似度差异范围较大(0.255~0.862),或可为不同芒果品种亲缘关系的鉴定提供基础数据[27]。此外,花挥发物由多种复杂的挥发性化合物共同组成,一般一个或几个重要成分占很大比例[28]。3-蒈烯是花、果重要的挥发性成分之一,研究表明3-蒈烯是蜜蜂识别油菜花的气味物质之一[29],是传粉信号物质。本研究中,3-蒈烯在凯特芒、红芒6号中的相对含量分别高达65.61%和55.57%,但在桂热82号和四季蜜芒中分别为1.96%和2.21%,这可能与芒果品种间的遗传差异较大有关[18]。昆虫对不同品种花的选择具有偏好性,不同品种芒果花主要挥发物含量的差异与访花昆虫的行为反应的关系有待进一步探究。
植物主要通过特异性物质或者是各物质的特定比例组成变化来实现其挥发物的特异性[30-31]。本研究的7个品种芒果花挥发物的特异性成分和共有成分分别为33种和14种,芒果花共有香味物质组成比例不同,这种特异性成分及特定比例构成了特有的化学指纹图谱。访花昆虫的嗅觉系统特别敏感,能够精确识别花朵品种特定的气味组分[8]。如KLATT等[11]研究发现,在3个草莓品种中,蜜蜂对挥发物总含量最高的草莓品种Sonata的访问率最高;WRIGHT等[10]发现花的不同浓度、气味质量、化合物数量以及相似性均会影响蜜蜂对花香的鉴别,进而影响其访花行为。因此,不同品种芒果挥发物含量成分的差异对昆虫访花行为的影响有待进一步确定。
已有多个国家或地区研究表明双翅目大头金蝇是芒果的主要授粉类群,如中国、澳大利亚、以色列、菲律宾、孟加拉国等[3,32-36]。花朵挥发物在引导传粉者到花的过程中起着重要的作用,很多植物花朵能够散发出高度复杂、物种特有的挥发性物质,花朵大量排放物质的时间往往与最大传粉者的活动时间相吻合。芒果作为典型的虫媒植物离不开昆虫授粉,大头金蝇的活动时间具有明显的日节律,与芒果花粉扩散高峰期同步,主要集中在上午[3,37-38]。因此,后续有必要进一步分析芒果花挥发性物质吸引大头金蝇传粉的化学机制,或筛选获得较好的授粉昆虫引诱剂。同时,需要考虑其他为害芒果花和叶的害虫,如花蓟马、芒果扁喙叶蝉、芒果壮铗普瘿蚊等;四季蜜芒花果同期,在筛选传粉昆虫引诱剂时也要考虑避免加重芒果果实害虫的为害,如橘小实蝇、芒果果肉象甲等[5,39-40]。研究表明,月桂烯、苯甲醛、β-石竹烯对花蓟马具有引诱作用,α-蒎烯、莰烯对花蓟马具有趋避作用[41]。3-莰烯、乙酸乙酯、α-石竹烯、α-蒎烯对芒果壮铗普瘿蚊均具有引诱作用[39]。β-石竹烯对橘小实蝇雌虫具有引诱作用,辛酸乙酯对橘小实蝇雌雄成虫均具有引诱作用[42-43]。不同芒果品种挥发物的组分含量不同,对害虫的吸引作用也不同,本研究结果可为探究不同品种芒果花挥发物对害虫的行为反应提供参考。目前芒果花期病虫害防治多使用化学农药,可能会大量杀伤果园中主要的传粉昆虫,可以通过综合分析传粉昆虫和花期害虫的偏好性开发有针对性的引诱剂或趋避剂。因此,本研究结果对后续授粉昆虫和食花害虫引诱剂/趋避剂的开发具有重要的参考意义。
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系广西芒果创新团队栽培与病虫害防治岗位项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-06-2)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32201270)
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2024年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.013
  • 接收时间:2022-11-30
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-11-30
  • 修回日期:2022-12-16
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系广西芒果创新团队栽培与病虫害防治岗位项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-06-2)
国家自然科学基金项目(32201270)
作者信息
    广西大学农学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广西南宁 530004

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* 王小云(WANG Xiaoyun),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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