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Article(id=1277330243744559514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1686844800000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-16, revisedDate=1688486400000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468861756, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468861756, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468861756, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468861756, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277330185204666919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='443', pageEnd='652', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1711296000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1782468847800, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782468948575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=514, endPage=523, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277330245824934300, articleId=1277330243744559514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Fruit Quality Analysis of Different Chinese Cherry Varieties (Excellent Lines), columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The quality analysis of Chinese cherry fruit is beneficial to the selection and breeding of cherry varieties suitable for regional development. At the same time, it also lays a theoretical foundation for the protection of Chinese cherry germplasm resources. In this experiment, combining principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis methods, 30 Chinese cherry fruits of different varieties (excellent lines) under the same cultivation conditions were selected for external and internal quality analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit quality among different varieties of Chinese cherry under the same cultivation conditions. The scores of comprehensive character evaluation ranked as C78, C6, C14, C34 and C32. Variety C20 (Manaohong) has excellent cultivation performance in some provinces in China, ranked 11th in this comprehensive evaluation. The 9 fruits intrinsic quality indexes had varying degrees of variation, with variation coefficients ranged from 11.27% to 36.32%. There was a correlation coefficient between the quality indicators, among which 12 were significantly correlated at 0.01 level and 17 were significantly correlated at 0.05 level. Principal component analysis of 13 quality traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 7 principal components was 88.196%, which could reflect the basic characteristics of quantitative traits. Cluster analysis with Euclidean method showed that 30 different Chinese cherry varieties (excellent lines) were preliminarily divided into 4 categories. The fruit quality analysis results obtained in this experiment could be used to explore the genetic variation map of cherry resources in China, and also be used as a reference for new varieties breeding.

, authors=null, authorsList=Lijuan CHEN, Dong WANG, Hongwen LI, Jia LIU, Guowei ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hongwen LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277330251936035244, articleId=1277330243744559514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=中国樱桃不同品种（优系）果实品质分析, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

对中国樱桃果实品质进行分析，有利于选育适合区域发展的樱桃品种，为中国樱桃种质资源的保护奠定理论基础。本研究结合主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析，选取相同栽培条件下30个不同品种（优系）的中国樱桃果实进行内、外品质分析。结果表明：在相同的栽培条件下，不同品种（优系）的中国樱桃果实品质存在显著差异，综合性状评价得分排名依次为C78、C6、C14、C34和C32，C20（贵州玛瑙红）这一品种在各地栽培均表现优异，本次综合评价排名为11。9个果实内在品质指标存在不同程度的变异，变异系数为11.27%~36.32%。果实品质指标间存在相关系数，其中12项在0.01水平下极显著相关，17项在0.05水平下显著相关。主成分分析结果显示，前7个主成分的累计贡献率为88.196%，能够反映数量性状的基本特征。欧氏聚类分析结果显示，30个不同的中国樱桃品种（优系）初步聚为4大类。该研究得到的果实品质分析结果可以初步探索中国樱桃资源的遗传变异图谱，同时也可以作为新品种选育的参考依据。

, authors=

陈丽娟（1995—），女，硕士，研究实习员，研究方向：樱桃、草莓育种与栽培。

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* 李洪雯（LI Hongwen），E-mail：。
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陈丽娟（1995—），女，硕士，研究实习员，研究方向：樱桃、草莓育种与栽培。

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陈丽娟（1995—），女，硕士，研究实习员，研究方向：樱桃、草莓育种与栽培。

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Euphytica, 2008, 163: 143-158., articleTitle=Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germ-plasm, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277330266100199916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, awardId=CARS-30-ZY-28, language=CN, fundingSource=农业农村部国家桃产业技术体系樱桃成都综合试验站项目(CARS-30-ZY-28), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277330267811475949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, awardId=2021YFYZ0023, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省科技厅‘十四五’果树育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0023), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277330267920527854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, awardId=SGCXTD-2019-09, language=CN, fundingSource=四川省农业农村厅四川水果创新团队项目(SGCXTD-2019-09), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277330252175110574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330252196082095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, companyId=1277330252175110574, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Chengdu Cherry Comprehensive Experimental Station, National Peach System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330252204470704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, companyId=1277330252175110574, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/国家现代农业桃产业技术体系樱桃成都综合试验站，四川成都　610066)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277330261788455382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Chinese cherry fruit used in the experiment, figureFileSmall=jCtgssNWvqFRd4EpmaCkKg==, figureFileBig=/6tBa7pqMgPMUwPUeii07g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330263294210519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=CN, label=图1, caption=供试中国樱桃果实, figureFileSmall=jCtgssNWvqFRd4EpmaCkKg==, figureFileBig=/6tBa7pqMgPMUwPUeii07g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330263516508632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Differences of average single fruit weight among different Chinese cherry varieties (excellent lines), figureFileSmall=6sM90Bw1rGGNkmcUQsVGKg==, figureFileBig=ovW9hAa1CSbh8H9Gr4jOVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330263596200409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同中国樱桃的平均单果重比较, figureFileSmall=6sM90Bw1rGGNkmcUQsVGKg==, figureFileBig=ovW9hAa1CSbh8H9Gr4jOVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330263931744730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Differences of fruit shape index and stalk length among different Chinese cherry varieties (excellent lines), figureFileSmall=mSl0lkLfMOfgWQobWQSpfQ==, figureFileBig=/85NDm/xtxJfzYYHokzohw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330264011436507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同中国樱桃果形指数和果柄长度比较, figureFileSmall=mSl0lkLfMOfgWQobWQSpfQ==, figureFileBig=/85NDm/xtxJfzYYHokzohw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330264233734620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Color difference of Chinese cherry fruit, figureFileSmall=+mTG3hjp8U5Do18yu/Uz3g==, figureFileBig=LnY7Kl/ZjDvmAF5e+UkI9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330264300843485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=CN, label=图4, caption=中国樱桃果实色差值差异, figureFileSmall=+mTG3hjp8U5Do18yu/Uz3g==, figureFileBig=LnY7Kl/ZjDvmAF5e+UkI9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330264409895390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Correlation analysis of fruit quality traits among different Chinese cherry varieties (excellent lines), figureFileSmall=vsVGH2fEkSsoYKT+N6HP8Q==, figureFileBig=iGa30P8e2Va0R1eozSW70A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330264523141599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=CN, label=图5, caption=中国樱桃不同品种（优系）果实品质性状相关性分析

*表示显著相关（P<0.05），**表示极显著相关（P<0.01）。

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30 Chinese cherry varieties (excellent lines) under the same cultivation conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.品名Variety编号No.品名Variety
C1攀枝花米易短柄C23贵州野马小樱桃2号
C2重庆乌皮C24郑州糙樱桃
C3山东崂山樱桃C26河南新蔡樱桃
C4山东莱山短柄樱桃C29陕西秦岭黄樱
C5浙江杭州黑皮C31南方红（江西）
C6浙江大果短柄C32朱砂红
C7汉源黑皮C34红珍珠
C10山东枣庄樱桃C36香妃
C12汶川白樱桃C38云通2号
C13汶川小黑樱桃C39云通3号
C14简阳大果脆C40紫珍珠
C19理县小樱桃C41玉赤
C20贵州玛瑙红C42湖北宜昌樱桃
C21江苏小樱桃C46汶川樱桃
C22贵州野马小樱桃1号C78简阳紫砂樱桃
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相同栽培条件下的30个不同中国樱桃品种（优系）

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编号No.品名Variety编号No.品名Variety
C1攀枝花米易短柄C23贵州野马小樱桃2号
C2重庆乌皮C24郑州糙樱桃
C3山东崂山樱桃C26河南新蔡樱桃
C4山东莱山短柄樱桃C29陕西秦岭黄樱
C5浙江杭州黑皮C31南方红（江西）
C6浙江大果短柄C32朱砂红
C7汉源黑皮C34红珍珠
C10山东枣庄樱桃C36香妃
C12汶川白樱桃C38云通2号
C13汶川小黑樱桃C39云通3号
C14简阳大果脆C40紫珍珠
C19理县小樱桃C41玉赤
C20贵州玛瑙红C42湖北宜昌樱桃
C21江苏小樱桃C46汶川樱桃
C22贵州野马小樱桃1号C78简阳紫砂樱桃
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Traits and distribution of Chinese cherry internal quality

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item均值±标准差Mean±SD极小值Minimum value极大值Maximum Value变异系数Variable coefficient/%
硬度/(kg·cm–2)0.13±0.040.070.2531.69
总糖/%8.61±1.324.5911.0215.37
可溶性固形物/%13.62±1.538.7716.6311.27
总酸/(g·kg–1)10.37±2.486.4015.4023.90
糖酸比8.99±3.113.3815.5234.60
还原糖/[g·(100 g)–1]8.31±1.274.5010.5015.33
Fe/(mg·kg–1)4.37±0.762.875.8817.32
β-胡萝卜素/[μg·(100 g)–1]108.98±39.5954.80216.0036.32
总酚/%0.03±0.010.020.0422.77
Vc/[mg·(100 mL)–1]9.23±1.845.8712.6019.95
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中国樱桃内在品质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item均值±标准差Mean±SD极小值Minimum value极大值Maximum Value变异系数Variable coefficient/%
硬度/(kg·cm–2)0.13±0.040.070.2531.69
总糖/%8.61±1.324.5911.0215.37
可溶性固形物/%13.62±1.538.7716.6311.27
总酸/(g·kg–1)10.37±2.486.4015.4023.90
糖酸比8.99±3.113.3815.5234.60
还原糖/[g·(100 g)–1]8.31±1.274.5010.5015.33
Fe/(mg·kg–1)4.37±0.762.875.8817.32
β-胡萝卜素/[μg·(100 g)–1]108.98±39.5954.80216.0036.32
总酚/%0.03±0.010.020.0422.77
Vc/[mg·(100 mL)–1]9.23±1.845.8712.6019.95
), ArticleFig(id=1277330265458471400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Eigenvalues, contribution rate and cumulative contribution rate of principal components of Chinese cherry fruit quality

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项目Item成分Component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5PC6PC7
特征值5.5072.3091.8721.3421.1450.8050.699
贡献率/%33.71415.39012.4828.9497.6345.3644.662
累积贡献率/%33.71449.10461.58670.53678.1783.53488.196
), ArticleFig(id=1277330265601077737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中国樱桃果实品质主成分特征值、贡献率和累积贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item成分Component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5PC6PC7
特征值5.5072.3091.8721.3421.1450.8050.699
贡献率/%33.71415.39012.4828.9497.6345.3644.662
累积贡献率/%33.71449.10461.58670.53678.1783.53488.196
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Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of Chinese cherry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety综合评价得分Comprehensive evaluation score排名Ranking品种Variety综合评价得分Comprehensive evaluation score排名Ranking
C781.89081C51.108416
C61.69222C411.103517
C141.61013C11.075318
C341.56634C211.071319
C321.48415C231.066120
C361.47056C421.049621
C191.41987C40.991022
C101.41038C460.964923
C311.29999C30.961624
C71.273910C260.906625
C201.250311C380.894426
C21.243012C290.890627
C401.202013C120.758128
C391.151314C130.546629
C241.126515C220.369530
), ArticleFig(id=1277330265886290411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330243744559514, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中国樱桃部分果实品质综合评价

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety综合评价得分Comprehensive evaluation score排名Ranking品种Variety综合评价得分Comprehensive evaluation score排名Ranking
C781.89081C51.108416
C61.69222C411.103517
C141.61013C11.075318
C341.56634C211.071319
C321.48415C231.066120
C361.47056C421.049621
C191.41987C40.991022
C101.41038C460.964923
C311.29999C30.961624
C71.273910C260.906625
C201.250311C380.894426
C21.243012C290.890627
C401.202013C120.758128
C391.151314C130.546629
C241.126515C220.369530
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中国樱桃不同品种（优系）果实品质分析
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陈丽娟 , 王东 , 李洪雯 * , 刘佳 , 张国薇
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(3): 514-523
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (3) : 514 -523
中国樱桃不同品种（优系）果实品质分析
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陈丽娟, 王东, 李洪雯* , 刘佳, 张国薇
作者信息
  • 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/国家现代农业桃产业技术体系樱桃成都综合试验站，四川成都　610066
通讯作者:
* 李洪雯（LI Hongwen），E-mail：。
Fruit Quality Analysis of Different Chinese Cherry Varieties (Excellent Lines)
Lijuan CHEN, Dong WANG, Hongwen LI* , Jia LIU, Guowei ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Chengdu Cherry Comprehensive Experimental Station, National Peach System, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.009
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摘要
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对中国樱桃果实品质进行分析，有利于选育适合区域发展的樱桃品种，为中国樱桃种质资源的保护奠定理论基础。本研究结合主成分分析、相关性分析和聚类分析，选取相同栽培条件下30个不同品种（优系）的中国樱桃果实进行内、外品质分析。结果表明：在相同的栽培条件下，不同品种（优系）的中国樱桃果实品质存在显著差异，综合性状评价得分排名依次为C78、C6、C14、C34和C32，C20（贵州玛瑙红）这一品种在各地栽培均表现优异，本次综合评价排名为11。9个果实内在品质指标存在不同程度的变异，变异系数为11.27%~36.32%。果实品质指标间存在相关系数，其中12项在0.01水平下极显著相关，17项在0.05水平下显著相关。主成分分析结果显示，前7个主成分的累计贡献率为88.196%，能够反映数量性状的基本特征。欧氏聚类分析结果显示，30个不同的中国樱桃品种（优系）初步聚为4大类。该研究得到的果实品质分析结果可以初步探索中国樱桃资源的遗传变异图谱，同时也可以作为新品种选育的参考依据。

中国樱桃  /  不同品种（优系）  /  品质分析  /  主成分分析  /  相关性分析  /  聚类分析

The quality analysis of Chinese cherry fruit is beneficial to the selection and breeding of cherry varieties suitable for regional development. At the same time, it also lays a theoretical foundation for the protection of Chinese cherry germplasm resources. In this experiment, combining principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis methods, 30 Chinese cherry fruits of different varieties (excellent lines) under the same cultivation conditions were selected for external and internal quality analysis. The results showed that there were significant differences in fruit quality among different varieties of Chinese cherry under the same cultivation conditions. The scores of comprehensive character evaluation ranked as C78, C6, C14, C34 and C32. Variety C20 (Manaohong) has excellent cultivation performance in some provinces in China, ranked 11th in this comprehensive evaluation. The 9 fruits intrinsic quality indexes had varying degrees of variation, with variation coefficients ranged from 11.27% to 36.32%. There was a correlation coefficient between the quality indicators, among which 12 were significantly correlated at 0.01 level and 17 were significantly correlated at 0.05 level. Principal component analysis of 13 quality traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first 7 principal components was 88.196%, which could reflect the basic characteristics of quantitative traits. Cluster analysis with Euclidean method showed that 30 different Chinese cherry varieties (excellent lines) were preliminarily divided into 4 categories. The fruit quality analysis results obtained in this experiment could be used to explore the genetic variation map of cherry resources in China, and also be used as a reference for new varieties breeding.

Chinese cherry  /  different varieties (excellent lines)  /  quality analysis  /  principal component analysis  /  correlation analysis  /  cluster analysis
陈丽娟, 王东, 李洪雯, 刘佳, 张国薇. 中国樱桃不同品种（优系）果实品质分析. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (3) : 514 -523 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.009
Lijuan CHEN, Dong WANG, Hongwen LI, Jia LIU, Guowei ZHANG. Fruit Quality Analysis of Different Chinese Cherry Varieties (Excellent Lines)[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (3) : 514 -523 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.009
正文
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中国樱桃（Prunus pseudocerasus Lindl.）是中国的特色水果之一，原产于中国，俗称小樱桃，隶属蔷薇科（Rosaceae）李属（Prunus L.）樱桃亚属（Cerasus Juss），素有“春果第一枝”的美誉，是世界四大主栽樱桃种之一[1]。其植株抗性强，果实色泽鲜艳，酸甜可口，铁元素含量尤其高，营养成分丰富[2]，可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量高于甜樱桃[3]，小樱桃果实成熟期早，能满足淡季水果的消费需求。它起源于我国，距今已有3000多年历史，分布广泛、种质资源丰富，在四川、贵州、浙江等地均有广泛栽培，主要栽培为地方优良品种[4]。据报道，消费者对樱桃的满意度主要集中在颜色、质地和大小上[5]，但是目前对中国樱桃果实品质研究较少，多集中在果实病虫害和采后贮藏方面。
董军等[6]通过对13个中国樱桃品种的综合评价发现，黑皮、朱砂和红英1号适合在浙江省栽培。WANG等[7-8]对四川省泸定县樱桃种质资源进行了详细的调查和评价，从中国3个主要分布地区收集了46个中国樱桃地方品种，对其遗传多样性和果实特性进行了评价，结果显示，一些主要的果实性状，比如果皮颜色、果形、大小等，均表现出丰富的多样性。张妮等[9]对不同地区玛瑙红樱桃进行品质差异分析，发现不同地区的樱桃果实的硬度、营养价值都不同，分析可能是由于地理、气候、光照时长等因素导致。
近年来，种植樱桃是发展农旅融合、增收致富、建设美丽乡村的优选项目。对中国樱桃果实品质进行分析，有利于选育适合区域发展的樱桃品种，也为中国樱桃种质资源的保护及新品种选育奠定理论基础。本研究选取相同栽培条件下的30个不同樱桃品种（优系）进行果实品质分析，剔除地理、气候等对果实品质的影响，能真实反映不同品种的樱桃果实品质的多样性。
1　材料与方法
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1.1　材料
选择位于四川省农业科学院园艺研究所种质资源圃的栽培条件相同的30个不同品种（优系）中国樱桃成熟果实（表1）。采摘每个品种（优系）果实1 kg，选择果面光滑、完整，带果柄，无病虫害且果实状态较为一致的30个鲜果作为实验材料。采摘后立即运回实验室放置，去除田间热后进行实验。
试验所用仪器与设备包括：果实色差仪NH300、游标卡尺、ITALY G.26356硬度计、便携式ATAGO PAL-1、Vc测定仪Rqflex plus 10等。
1.2　方法
1.2.1　外在品质分析
（1）果实单果重（FW）测定。去除果柄，将30个果实一起称重后求取平均值，单位：g。（2）果实色差测定。使用色差仪NH300测定每个果实的3个不同的面，记录果实色泽明暗度L值，果实色泽红绿差异a*值，果实色泽蓝绿差异b*值。每重复10个果。（3）果实果形指数（FSI）测定。使用游标卡尺测定果实的纵径、横径及果柄长度（SL），单位：mm。计算其果形指数，果形指数=纵径/横径。
1.2.2　内在品质分析
（1）果实硬度（H）测定。参照冯婧煕等[10]的方法，每重复10个果，每个果探头对准果实的中部位置，测定2次，2次测定位置保持相互垂直，单位：kg/cm2；（2）果实可溶性固形物含量（TSS）测定。每重复10个果，挤出果汁，用便携式ATAGO PAL-1测定果实可溶性固形物的含量，单位：%；（3）果实总糖（TS）含量测定。参照NY/T 2742—2015，单位：%；（4）果实还原糖（RS）测定。参照GB 5009.7—2016，单位：g/100 g；（5）果实总酸（TA）含量测定。参照GB 12456—2021，单位：g/kg；（6）果实Vc含量测定。每重复10个果，挤出果汁，用Rqflex plus 10测定果实Vc的含量，单位：mg/100 mL；（7）果实铁元素（Fe）含量测定。参照GB 5009.268—2016，单位：mg/kg；（8）果实β-胡萝卜素（β-C）含量测定。参照GB 5009.83—2016，单位：μg/100 g；（9）果实类黄酮（以芦丁计）含量测定。参照SN/T 4592—2016。（10）果实总酚（TP）含量测定。参照GB/T 8313—2018，单位：%。
1.3　数据处理
采用SPSS 26和Excel 2010软件进行数据处理，结果以平均数±标准差表示。热图由免费的数据分析和可视化在线平台（https://www.bioinfor-matics.com.cn）绘制。采用SPSS 26、Heml 1.0软件[11]、Adobe Photoshop 2021和Adobe Illustrator 2021软件进行主成分分析及绘图。采用Origin 2022b软件进行聚类分析。
2　结果与分析
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2.1　中国樱桃果实外在品质分析
2.1.1　中国樱桃果实单果重差异分析
中国樱桃果实较小（图1），在本次测得的30个不同中国樱桃品种（优系）中，平均单果重为2.05~5.67 g（图2）。其中，平均单果重最大的为C78，最小的为C3。目前生产上较广泛种植的C20为4.32 g，玛瑙红樱桃为贵州省纳雍县选育的品种，其耐贮性好、品质优、适应性强，于2011年通过品种审定，现省内种植面积已超2万hm2，在贵州脱贫攻坚期间作出过突出贡献[12]。
2.1.2　中国樱桃果实果形指数及果柄长度差异分析
中国樱桃果形丰富，有卵圆形、球形、心脏形、圆锥形、扁圆球形、扁心脏形等。本研究结果中，生产上较广泛种植的C20果形指数最大，为1.25，其果形为心脏形（图3）。本次所测的30个样本中果柄长度最长的是C41，为25.09 mm，最短的是C31，为13.89 mm。中国樱桃平均果柄长度为19.36 mm。
2.1.3　中国樱桃果实色差值差异分析
本研究中，中国樱桃果实颜色鲜艳，主要以红色和橙红色为主，橙黄、黄色占少数（图4）。L值反映果皮颜色的明暗度，L值越大代表颜色越亮，果皮颜色较亮的有C4、C22、C23，果皮颜色较暗的有C3、C19。a*值反映果皮红绿色差，a*值为正代表果皮颜色偏红，数值越大颜色越深，a*值较大的为C26、C2、C5、C7，较小的为C22、C46。b*值反映果皮黄蓝色差，正值代表果皮颜色偏黄，数值越大颜色越深，b*值较大的为C22、C23、C4，较小的为C20、C41。本研究结果中，果皮L值最大的C22，为47.25；最小的C3，为28.60。a*值最大的C26，为25.02；最小的C22，为10.73。b*值最大的C22，为16.96；最小的C20，为5.37。生产上较广泛种植的C20，果皮L值为31.52，a*值为19.97，b*值为5.37，果皮颜色偏红，色亮。
2.2　中国樱桃果实内在品质多样性分析
中国樱桃果实不耐运输贮藏，硬度较小（表2），本次所测的30个样本中，果实硬度的变异范围在0.07~0.25 kg/cm2之间。可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量和总酸含量是衡量果实内在品质的重要指标。总糖的变异范围为4.59%~11.02%，可溶性固形物的变异范围为8.77%~16.63%，总酸的变异范围为6.40~ 15.40 g/kg，糖酸比的变异范围为3.38~11.52，还原糖的变异范围为4.50~10.50 g/100 g，Fe元素的变异范围为2.87~5.88 mg/kg，β-胡萝卜素的变异范围为54.80~216.00 μg/100 g，总酚的变异范围为0.02%~ 0.04%，Vc的变异范围为5.87~12.60 mg/100 mL。9个内在品质存在不同程度的变异情况，其中可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖、Fe元素等指标在30个品种间的变异相对较小，9个指数的变异系数范围在11.27%~36.32%之间，β-胡萝卜素的变异系数最大，可溶性固形物的变异系数最小。
2.3　中国樱桃品质相关性分析
中国樱桃不同品种（优系）果实品质性状间的相关性分析结果如图5所示。15个品质指标共90个相关系数，其中呈极显著相关的为12个（P<0.01），显著相关的为17个（P<0.05）。果形指数与总酸呈极显著负相关。b*值反映果实黄蓝的色差变化，b*值越大，表示色泽偏黄。L值反映果实黑白亮度的色差变化，L值越大表示色泽越亮。b*值与果柄长度呈极显著负相关，与L*、可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量呈显著正相关。L*与还原糖含量呈极显著负相关。总酚与可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量呈极显著正相关，与硬度、总酸含量呈极显著负相关。还原糖含量与总糖含量呈极显著正相关，与可溶性固形物含量呈极显著负相关。
2.4　中国樱桃品质主成分分析
以特征值大于0为标准，提取PC1、PC2、PC3、PC4、PC5、PC6、PC7共7个主成分，7个主成分的累积贡献率为88.196%（表3）。7个主成分的特征值分别为5.507、2.309、1.872、1.342、1.145、0.805、0.699；贡献率分别为33.714%、15.390%、12.482%、8.949%、7.634%、5.364%、4.662%。通过分析不同性状对主成分的贡献度可知（图6），主成分PC1中特征向量所凝聚的生物学信息主要是总糖和可溶性固形物、还原糖；主成分PC2中特征向量所凝聚的生物学信息主要是总酚和总酸；主成分PC3中特征向量所凝聚的生物学信息主要是单果重；主成分PC4中特征向量所凝聚的生物学信息主要是β-胡萝卜素；主成分PC5中特征向量所凝聚的生物学信息主要是Fe含量和b*；主成分PC6中特征向量所凝聚的生物学信息主要是Fe含量；主成分PC7中特征向量所凝聚的生物学信息主要是总酚和硬度。
最后筛选出硬度、可溶性固形物、Vc、单果重、总酚、可溶性糖、Fe、β-胡萝卜等8个正向指标，对不同品种的樱桃进行综合评分。得分越高，则该品种综合品质相对较好，由表4可以看出，综合评价得分排名前五的品种依次为C78，C6，C14，C34，C32。C78品种综合评价得分最高，该果实实际表现也比较优异，C22排名最后，其中C20排名11，该品种因为综合品质优异，在生产上广泛种植。
2.5　中国樱桃品质聚类分析
聚类分析采用z-score标准化，Origin画图，根据Euclidean法进行聚类分析（图7）。聚类分析表示，30个不同中国樱桃品种（优系）被分为四大类：一类以C22为代表，其单果重较大，颜色偏黄，硬度较大，总酸含量高，总糖含量、可溶性固形物含量和还原糖含量低；一类以C42为代表，其颜色橙黄，硬度较大，β-胡萝卜素含量高，Vc含量低；一类以C41和C20为代表，其颜色鲜红，果大，果形指数及果柄长度较大；其余品种（优系）为一类。
3　讨论
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中国樱桃历史悠久，资源丰富。虽然不耐贮藏和运输[13]，但是其品种丰富，果实颜色鲜艳，滋味可口，富含多种营养物质，成熟期早，抗逆性强[14]，是发展农旅融合、增收致富、建设美丽乡村的优选。本研究选择了30个相同栽培条件下的不同中国樱桃品种（优系），测定了13个品质指标。果实的外在和内在品质表现容易受自然环境的影响，同一种樱桃在不同区域种植其果实品质也会存在差异，该研究排除了栽培条件的影响。
本研究结果表明，中国樱桃果实颜色鲜艳，色泽明亮，多数以红色为主，部分呈现黄红、黄色。果实形状多样，心脏形、圆形等，营养物质丰富。果实普遍较小，平均单果重在2.05~5.67 g之间，L值在28.60~47.25之间；a*值在10.73~25.02之间，b*值在5.37~16.96之间，果形指数在0.87~1.25之间，果形端正是优质果实的一种重要的外在体现，果实形状是影响果实商品品质的重要性状之一[15]，该结果表明中国樱桃果实偏向近圆形。果柄长度在13.89~25.09 mm之间，有研究表明，甜樱桃果柄越长越耐贮藏[16]，但对于中国樱桃果柄长度与贮藏运输的关系还不了解。果实硬度在0.07~0.25 kg/cm2之间，该结果表明中国樱桃果实不耐贮藏运输，硬度最大的C22为0.25 kg/cm2。可溶性固形物含量在8.77%~16.63%之间，总糖含量在4.59%~11.02%之间，还原糖含量在4.5%~10.5%之间，总酸含量在6.4~15.4 g/kg之间，Vc含量在5.87~12.6 mg/100 mL之间，Fe元素含量在2.87~5.88 mg/kg之间，研究表明，中国樱桃Fe元素含量丰富，有的Fe含量可以达到24.2 mg/kg[17]。β-胡萝卜素含量在54.80~216 μg/100 g之间，总酚含量在0.02%~0.04%之间。本研究的中国樱桃品质性状与此前报道[8,18]的品质性状相差不大。本研究结果表明，在相同的栽培条件下，不同品种（优系）的中国樱桃果实品质依然差异显著，因此，选择优质、高产、高效益的品种是关键。WANG等[19]于2022年初步建立了中国樱桃DUS检测指标体系建议，由于可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、酚类、黄酮类和花青素含量的重要性和表型变化丰富，在中国樱桃的DUS检测指南中也应补充这些含量。所以本研究将有助于丰富我国樱桃描述体系，完善我国樱桃DUS测试指南。
在果实品质评价中，由于各性状指标无明显主次之分，如仅简单选取一个或几个相关联的指标来评价品质优劣不甚科学，因此需要进行综合评价[20]。关于梨[21]、李[22]、芒果[23]、龙眼[24]等果树种质的综合评价已有大量报道，但是中国樱桃品质方面的综合评价较少。本研究选取30种中国樱桃的硬度、可溶性固形物、Vc、单果重、总酚、可溶性糖、Fe、β-胡萝卜素等8个果实品质性状进行综合评价，排除对综合评价有负面影响的指标，综合评价得分总体排名前五依次为C78、C6、C14、C34和C32，果实综合品质表现佳，可进一步作为种质创新和育种利用候选资源，其中，C6成熟期尤其早，果实生育期短，颜色橙红，可溶性固形物含量达到16.63%，总酸含量7.1 g/kg，单果重为3.44 g，Fe含量为5.57 mg/kg，Vc含量12.4 mg/100 mL，β-胡萝卜素含量为83.5 μg/100 g。C20这一品种在各地栽培均表现优异，本次综合评价排名为11，本试验表明其颜色鲜红，单果重达到4.32 g，可溶性固形物含量达到13.17%，总酸含量为7.4 g/kg，Fe含量4.03 mg/kg，β-胡萝卜素含量125 μg/100 g，曹雪娇等[25]建议玛瑙红樱桃的果实单果质量≥3 g且可溶性固形物含量≥13%为一等果，单果质量≥2.5 g且可溶性固形物含量≥11%为二等果。可以看出，本试验中所测得的玛瑙红樱桃品质优。C22排名最末，但其硬度是本研究中最大，为0.25 kg/cm2，果实为黄红色、色泽明亮。综上，有些在生产上表现优异的品种在综合评价当中并未体现出来，需要结合行业标准与新植物品种保护权等方法进一步评价。本研究对中国樱桃果实性状的综合评价分析可为杂交育种筛选提供参考。
本研究中并未测得类黄酮（以芦丁计）物质，而据相关研究报道，中国樱桃是含有类黄酮物质[26-27]，分析本次未测到其原因可能是测定方法或者其他问题影响。9项果实内在品质指标存在不同程度的变异，变异系数在11.27%~36.32%之间，可见变异丰富。其中，β-胡萝卜素的含量变异系数最大，变异范围在54.80~216.00 μg/100 g之间；其次，硬度、糖酸比、总酸、Vc、总酚变异系数分别为31.69%、34.60%、23.90%、19.95%、22.77%，表明这6个品质指标具有较高的改良潜力，有利于选育特异种质。13项品质指标之间共有90对相关关系，部分指标间存在极显著或显著正（负）相关，其中12项呈极显著相关（P<0.01），17项呈显著相关（P<0.05）。由此可以推断，在优良单株选育中，应充分考虑性状间的相互制约[28]。主成分分析可以根据品质特征建立相似的基因型群，并研究各性状间的关系[29]，对13个品质性状的主成分分析表明，前7个主成分的累积贡献率达88.196%，能反映数量性状的基本特征。聚类分析将30个樱桃品种（优系）初步划分为4类，一类以C22为代表，其单果重较大，颜色偏黄，硬度较大，总酸含量高，总糖、可溶性固形物和还原糖含量低；一类以C42为代表，其颜色橙黄，硬度较大，β-胡萝卜素含量高，Vc含量低；一类以C41和C20为代表，其颜色鲜红，果大，果形指数大，果柄长度较长；其余品种（优系）为一类。
本研究对不同品种（优系）的中国樱桃果实品质进行了分析，中国樱桃果实的β-胡萝卜素含量、硬度、糖酸比、总酸、Vc含量和总酚含量等性状变异系数较大，具有较高的改良潜力。一些品质性状之间具有高度的相关性，品种选育时应充分考虑性状间的相关性，通过综合评价初步筛选出本次综合性状优异的品种（优系），为后期资源保存、选育或杂交提供理论数据。
基金
收起
  • 农业农村部国家桃产业技术体系樱桃成都综合试验站项目(CARS-30-ZY-28)
  • 四川省科技厅‘十四五’果树育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0023)
  • 四川省农业农村厅四川水果创新团队项目(SGCXTD-2019-09)
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2024年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.009
  • 接收时间：2023-06-16
  • 首发时间：2026-06-26
  • 出版时间：2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-06-16
  • 修回日期：2023-07-05
基金
农业农村部国家桃产业技术体系樱桃成都综合试验站项目(CARS-30-ZY-28)
四川省科技厅‘十四五’果树育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0023)
四川省农业农村厅四川水果创新团队项目(SGCXTD-2019-09)
作者信息
    四川省农业科学院园艺研究所/国家现代农业桃产业技术体系樱桃成都综合试验站，四川成都　610066

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* 李洪雯（LI Hongwen），E-mail：。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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