Article(id=1277330210747969802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687795200000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-27, revisedDate=1691510400000, revisedDateStr=2023-08-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782468853890, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782468853890, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782468853890, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782468853890, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277330185204666919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='443', pageEnd='652', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1711296000000', pubDateStr='2024-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1782468847800, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782468948575, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277330607961150152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277330185204666919, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=459, endPage=472, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277330211062542604, articleId=1277330210747969802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Identification of PEBP Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Screening of Key PEBP Genes Regulating Storage Root Development, columnId=1236256430337085821, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Omics & Biotechnology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) widely exist in plants and play important roles in regulating flowering, seed dormancy and the formation of underground storage organs (e.g. potato tubers and onion bulbs). However, up to now, there is few studies conducted on PEBP genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and there is also no research published to reveal the key members of PEBP gene family that regulate the development of storage root of sweet potato. Our study first identified the number and types of the PEBP gene family in sweet potato through bioinformatics analysis. Then, to screen the candidate members of the PEBP gene family that regulate the development of storage root of sweet potato, the tissue specificity of PEBP gene expression and the dynamic changes of PEBP gene expression level in storage roots at different development stages were analyzed. To explore possible regulatory mechanism, the correlation between PEBP gene expression level and SWEET gene expression level in storage roots were also examined. The results are as follows: (1) A total of 15 putative PEBP genes were identified from the sweet potato genome, which were classified into 4 subfamilies: 5 of FT-like genes (IbFT1-5), 6 of TFL1-like genes (IbTFL1-6), 2 of MFT-like genes (IbMFT1-2), and 2 of PEBP-like genes (IbPEBP1-2). (2) Clustering analysis revealed that IbFT5 may promote the development of storage root of sweet potato, while IbTFL3 may inhibit the development. (3) The tissue specificity analysis of sweet potato PEBP gene expression showed that IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6 not only showed higher expression levels in the diverse root tissues than in other tissues, but also had higher expression levels in roots than other PEBP genes. Therefore, it is speculated that the three PEBP genes may promote root enlargement. (4) The expression levels of the four candidate PEBP genes (IbFT5, IbTFL3, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6) obtained from the above two methods were determined in storage roots at different developmental stages (30, 60, 90 and 120 days after planting). It was found that the expression levels of IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6 significantly increased with the development of root tubers, especially during the rapid expansion period (60-90 days), while the expression level of IbTFL3 rapidly de-creased during the rapid expansion period (60-90 days). Therefore, all the above measurement results indicate that IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6 may promote root development, while IbTFL3 may inhibit root development. (5) With the increase of expression levels of IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6, the expression levels of four out of the five highly ex-pressed SWEET genes (IbSWEET4, IbSWEET11, IbSWEET16 and IbSWEET19) in storage roots showed a continuous decreasing trend. This result is similar to the findings in potatoes, indicating that the PEBP gene of sweet potato may also inhibit SWEET activity and thus promotes the transportation of sugar to the storage roots through more efficient symplasmic pathway, which ultimately promotes the development of storage roots. In conclusion, this study not only determined the number and types of members of the PEBP gene family in the sweet potato genome, but also systematically identified four candidate PEBP genes affecting the development of sweet potato storage roots, which can provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of sweet potato yield in China.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zherui HUANG, Shuli XIN, Tian ZHAO, Yonghua LIU, Guopeng ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yonghua LIU, Guopeng ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277330214631895324, articleId=1277330210747969802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=甘薯PEBP基因家族鉴定以及影响甘薯块根发育候选PEBP基因的鉴定, columnId=1236256430517440904, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=组学与生物技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白(PEBP)在植物中广泛存在,在调控开花、种子休眠以及地下储藏器官(如马铃薯块茎和洋葱鳞茎)形成中发挥着重要作用。但目前有关甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)PEBP基因家族成员的研究较少,且尚未有研究系统揭示调控甘薯块根发育的关键PEBP家族成员。本研究首先通过生物信息学分析对甘薯基因组中PEBP基因家族成员的数量和种类进行鉴定,然后通过PEBP基因表达的组织特异性分析、PEBP基因在不同发育时期块根中表达水平的动态变化及其与糖转运蛋白SWEET基因表达水平之间的相关性分析,系统筛选出调控甘薯块根发育的候选PEBP基因家族成员并初步揭示其可能的调控机制。结果如下:(1)从甘薯基因组中共鉴定出15个PEBP基因,聚类分析将其分为4个亚家族:5个FT-like成员(IbFT1~5)、6个TFL1-like成员(IbTFL1~6)、2个MFT-like成员(IbMFT1~2)和2个PEBP-like成员(IbPEBP1~2)。(2)聚类分析结果表明,IbFT5可能会促进甘薯块根发育,而IbTFL3可能会抑制其块根发育。(3)甘薯PEBP基因表达的组织特异性分析表明,在根系高表达的PEBP基因中,只有IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6不仅在根系的表达水平高于在其他组织中的表达水平,而且和根系中其他PEBP家族成员的表达水平相比,这3个基因的表达水平也是最高的,因此推测这3个PEBP基因可能会促进块根膨大。(4)对上述2种方法得到的4个候选PEBP基因(IbFT5、IbTFL3、IbTFL4IbTFL6)在不同发育时期块根(定植后30、60、90、120 d)中的表达水平测定结果表明,随着块根的发育,IbFT5、IbTFL4、IbTFL6的表达水平显著上升,特别是在块根快速膨大期(60~90 d),而IbTFL3的表达水平在块根快速膨大期(60~90 d)则快速下降。因此,IbFT5、IbTFL4、IbTFL6可能促进块根发育,而IbTFL3则可能抑制块根发育。(5)伴随着IbFT5、IbTFL4、IbTFL6的表达水平的升高,块根中高表达的5个SWEET基因中有4个(IbSWEET4IbSWEET11IbSWEET16IbSWEET19)的表达水平均呈现不断下降的趋势,这与马铃薯的研究结果相似,表明甘薯PEBP基因可能也是通过抑制SWEET蛋白活性,从而促进糖分通过更高效率的共质体转运途径向块根进行运输最终促进块根发育。综上,本研究不仅确定了甘薯基因组中PEBP基因家族成员的数量和种类,而且还筛选出4个可能影响甘薯块根发育的候选PEBP基因,为进一步提高我国甘薯的产量提供理论依据。

, authors=

黄哲瑞(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘薯栽培技术和产量。

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* 刘永华(LIU Yonghua),E-mail:
朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
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2.海南大学园艺学院/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228, bio={"content":"

黄哲瑞(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘薯栽培技术和产量。

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黄哲瑞(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘薯栽培技术和产量。

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Nucleic Acids Research, 2015, 43(D1): D222-226., articleTitle=CDD: NCBI’s conserved domain database, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330241995534740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=43, issue=D1, pageStart=D257, pageEnd=260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LETUNIC I, DOERKS T, BORK P, journalName=Nucleic Acids Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LETUNIC I, DOERKS T, BORK P. SMART: recent updates, new developments and status in 2015[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 2015, 43(D1): D257-260., articleTitle=SMART: recent updates, new developments and status in 2015, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330242071032213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=44, authorNames=张文杰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文杰. 影响甘薯块根发育关键糖转运蛋白和蔗糖分解酶种类及其基因家族成员的鉴定[D]. 海口: 海南大学, 2022., articleTitle=影响甘薯块根发育关键糖转运蛋白和蔗糖分解酶种类及其基因家族成员的鉴定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330242154918294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=45, authorNames=ZHANG W J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG W J. Key sugar transporters and affecting root tuber development in sweet potato studies on the species of sucrose decomposing enzymes and their gene family members appraisal[D]. Haikou: Hainan University, 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Key sugar transporters and affecting root tuber development in sweet potato studies on the species of sucrose decomposing enzymes and their gene family members appraisal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330242406576535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=59, issue=2, pageStart=675, pageEnd=683, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=46, authorNames=LIU H, SI C, SHI C, WANG S, SUN Z, SHI Y, journalName=Crop Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU H, SI C, SHI C, WANG S, SUN Z, SHI Y. Switch from apoplasmic to symplasmic phloem unloading during storage roots formation and bulking of sweet potato[J]. Crop Science, 2019, 59(2): 675-683., articleTitle=Switch from apoplasmic to symplasmic phloem unloading during storage roots formation and bulking of sweet potato, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330242494656920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=97, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=47, authorNames=张文哲, 荐红举, 尚丽娜, 张梅花, 王季春, AHMED M, 吕典秋, journalName=中国马铃薯, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文哲, 荐红举, 尚丽娜, 张梅花, 王季春, AHMED M, 吕典秋. 马铃薯StPEBP基因家族成员鉴定及其在块茎中的表达分析[J]. 中国马铃薯, 2022, 36(2): 97-110., articleTitle=马铃薯StPEBP基因家族成员鉴定及其在块茎中的表达分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277330242591125913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=97, pageEnd=110, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=48, authorNames=ZHANG W Z, JIAN H J, SHANG L N, ZHANG M H, WANG J C, AHMED M, LYU D Q, journalName=Chinese Potato Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG W Z, JIAN H J, SHANG L N, ZHANG M H, WANG J C, AHMED M, LYU D Q. Genome-wide identification of StPEBP genes in Solanum tuberosum L. and their expression analysis in tuber[J]. Chinese Potato Journal, 2022, 36(2): 97-110. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Genome-wide identification of StPEBP genes in Solanum tuberosum L. and their expression analysis in tuber, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277330229777527140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, awardId=320RC476, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC476), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277330229840441701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, awardId=2019RC146, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC146), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277330229928522086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, awardId=32260440, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32260440), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277330214870970654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330214879359263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, companyId=1277330214870970654, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330214887747872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, companyId=1277330214870970654, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277330214954856737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330214963245346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, companyId=1277330214954856737, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Horticulture, Hainan University / Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330214971633955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, companyId=1277330214954856737, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南大学园艺学院/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277330215034548517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330215042937126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, companyId=1277330215034548517, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Agricultural Service Center of Baoting, Baoting, Hainan 572316, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277330215047131431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, companyId=1277330215034548517, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.保亭黎族苗族自治县农业服务中心,海南保亭 572316)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277330225717440849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Samples of different tissues in sweet potato, figureFileSmall=X76+MFMyj7Edn+iYpnKuQQ==, figureFileBig=DPOtYMw9Tn110ucRPWvstg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330226069762386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=图1, caption=甘薯不同组织部位的样品

A:纤维根;B:柴根;C:块根;D:幼叶;E:成熟叶;F:茎;G:花。

, figureFileSmall=X76+MFMyj7Edn+iYpnKuQQ==, figureFileBig=DPOtYMw9Tn110ucRPWvstg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330227856535892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Phylogenetic tree of PEBP families of sweet potato, Arabidopsis, cassava and potato, figureFileSmall=WyCRghiTf8N30/wiT0Si7g==, figureFileBig=JnvIrkZzR5E58FNnL9vYcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330228150137173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=图2, caption=甘薯、拟南芥、木薯、马铃薯PEBP家族系统发育树

圆形为甘薯PEBP家族成员,五角形为拟南芥PEBP家族成员,正方形为木薯PEBP家族成员,三角形为马铃薯PEBP家族成员。

, figureFileSmall=WyCRghiTf8N30/wiT0Si7g==, figureFileBig=JnvIrkZzR5E58FNnL9vYcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330228259189078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Phylogenetic tree of PEBP genes of sweet potato and other crops, figureFileSmall=Ig35d+b3317VuYkDKphi0Q==, figureFileBig=1KB5otIbxx0sieH8vRI67A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330228577956183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=图3, caption=甘薯PEBP基因家族成员与其他作物的PEBP基因的聚类分析

圆形:甘薯;五角形;马铃薯;矩形:洋葱;三角形:水稻。

, figureFileSmall=Ig35d+b3317VuYkDKphi0Q==, figureFileBig=1KB5otIbxx0sieH8vRI67A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330228649259352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Expression of PEBP genes in different tissues of sweet potato, figureFileSmall=Si5E2O5yKc6ygj2lnHsFag==, figureFileBig=FX5tXgJ/1H1NN4usX1dyGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330228741534041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=图4, caption=甘薯PEBP基因在不同组织中的表达分析

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Si5E2O5yKc6ygj2lnHsFag==, figureFileBig=FX5tXgJ/1H1NN4usX1dyGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330228984803674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Relative expression levels of PEBP family genes in root tissues of sweet potato, figureFileSmall=nXDFRa14xz+rPlzy4hxyNA==, figureFileBig=rgeseRtO8ErtNSLt0H/Ubw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330229060301147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=图5, caption=甘薯根系中PEBP家族成员相对表达水平

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=nXDFRa14xz+rPlzy4hxyNA==, figureFileBig=rgeseRtO8ErtNSLt0H/Ubw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330229139992924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Dynamic changes in expression level of IbFT5, IbTFL3, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6 at different developmental stages of storage roots in sweet potato, figureFileSmall=H6w77DtIHB5siwZeUcG05g==, figureFileBig=j9v9MUQOEbw3UNIo5sF7PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330229244850525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=图6, caption=IbFT5IbTFL3IbTFL4IbTFL6在不同发育时期块根中的表达趋势分析

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=H6w77DtIHB5siwZeUcG05g==, figureFileBig=j9v9MUQOEbw3UNIo5sF7PA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330229316153694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Dynamic changes in expression level of SWEET genes at different developmental stages of storage roots of sweet potato, figureFileSmall=ywDuI5qmidl4/yGC387YFw==, figureFileBig=fL/4FNER8TxbDXwct8VYpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330229387456863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SWEET基因在不同发育时期块根中的表达趋势分析

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ywDuI5qmidl4/yGC387YFw==, figureFileBig=fL/4FNER8TxbDXwct8VYpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277330229454565728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primer sequences used for qRT-PCR

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称Gene name登录号Accession ID正向引物(5'-3')Forward primer (5'-3')反向引物(5'-3')Reverse primer (5'-3')产物长度Amplicon length/bp
IbFT2g33292.t1CTCAGCTCATCAACCCACCTAGGGAAAAGCACAAACACAAAACG240
IbFT4g54865.t1GTTGGCGGAGATGATTTTCGCCTCAGGTTTGGGTTGCTTG84
IbFT5g54869.t1TGGCCGTGTTATAGGGGATGAGAAGGTGCGGAGATCATGG161
IbTFL2g4582.t1GAGAAGGCTGGGAATGGGAGAGATCGTTGTCGTCGCTAAAT82
IbTFL3g20567.t1GAGAGTGATTGGGGAAGTTGTGTTGGCGGTTGCTGTTATATGTA76
IbTFL4g25123.t1TTTGGTGATGACTGACCCTGATGTTTGGCTTCGGAGTTTCGT145
IbTFL5g51106.t1CCTCATTTGAAGAGACGGCAGCTGGCAGTTGAAGAAGACG123
IbTFL6g51110.t1TGATGGAGATTTGAGATCCTTCTGATTCCTATGTTTGGCTTTGGTG181
IbMFT1g35480.t1ATGATGGTGAGGAGAAGTGTTGAAGGTATAGAGCTGGGTGGAAT200
IbMFT2g46363.t1TCCGTTGGTGGTCGGAAAAGGATTGGGAGAAGCAGGGGAA173
IbPEBP1g9831.t1TGGCGTTAGTGGGGTTGCGCTTGTCCTTTGTCGGCTTATT207
IbPEBP2g17997.t1GATCCCGAAGCACCAATCGTCTTCTCGTCGTTCTGCCCTT150
IbSWEET4g6480.t1ATCTTCATCGTCTTCGCTCCTCATGCACACAAACCCTATGGCAT152
IbSWEET7g13601.t1CATTCTACTTGTCATTCTTCCTCACGCTCTTCTACATTTTTGTTTTCCTC189
IbSWEET11g37512.t1AAAACTTTGGGGTGGTTGCTATCGACGCTTCTTGTCTTGATC185
IbSWEET16g45970.t1CATTTTACCTCTCGCTTGCTACCACAAACAACTTGACCACTTCTGC291
IbSWEET19g55355.t1CAAGAAAGCGAGGGTACAAACTAACACACACAATGAAAAAACGAGG155
β-ActinEU250003.1TATGGTTGGGATGGGACAGAACGGTAAGAAGGACAGGGTGCT191
), ArticleFig(id=1277330229534257505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

qRT-PCR所用引物序列

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
基因名称Gene name登录号Accession ID正向引物(5'-3')Forward primer (5'-3')反向引物(5'-3')Reverse primer (5'-3')产物长度Amplicon length/bp
IbFT2g33292.t1CTCAGCTCATCAACCCACCTAGGGAAAAGCACAAACACAAAACG240
IbFT4g54865.t1GTTGGCGGAGATGATTTTCGCCTCAGGTTTGGGTTGCTTG84
IbFT5g54869.t1TGGCCGTGTTATAGGGGATGAGAAGGTGCGGAGATCATGG161
IbTFL2g4582.t1GAGAAGGCTGGGAATGGGAGAGATCGTTGTCGTCGCTAAAT82
IbTFL3g20567.t1GAGAGTGATTGGGGAAGTTGTGTTGGCGGTTGCTGTTATATGTA76
IbTFL4g25123.t1TTTGGTGATGACTGACCCTGATGTTTGGCTTCGGAGTTTCGT145
IbTFL5g51106.t1CCTCATTTGAAGAGACGGCAGCTGGCAGTTGAAGAAGACG123
IbTFL6g51110.t1TGATGGAGATTTGAGATCCTTCTGATTCCTATGTTTGGCTTTGGTG181
IbMFT1g35480.t1ATGATGGTGAGGAGAAGTGTTGAAGGTATAGAGCTGGGTGGAAT200
IbMFT2g46363.t1TCCGTTGGTGGTCGGAAAAGGATTGGGAGAAGCAGGGGAA173
IbPEBP1g9831.t1TGGCGTTAGTGGGGTTGCGCTTGTCCTTTGTCGGCTTATT207
IbPEBP2g17997.t1GATCCCGAAGCACCAATCGTCTTCTCGTCGTTCTGCCCTT150
IbSWEET4g6480.t1ATCTTCATCGTCTTCGCTCCTCATGCACACAAACCCTATGGCAT152
IbSWEET7g13601.t1CATTCTACTTGTCATTCTTCCTCACGCTCTTCTACATTTTTGTTTTCCTC189
IbSWEET11g37512.t1AAAACTTTGGGGTGGTTGCTATCGACGCTTCTTGTCTTGATC185
IbSWEET16g45970.t1CATTTTACCTCTCGCTTGCTACCACAAACAACTTGACCACTTCTGC291
IbSWEET19g55355.t1CAAGAAAGCGAGGGTACAAACTAACACACACAATGAAAAAACGAGG155
β-ActinEU250003.1TATGGTTGGGATGGGACAGAACGGTAAGAAGGACAGGGTGCT191
), ArticleFig(id=1277330229609754978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Analysis of physicochemical properties of PEBP proteins in sweet potato

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白名称Protein name登录号Accession ID氨基酸数量Number of amino acids等电点pI分子量MW/Da亚细胞定位Subcellular localization染色体定位Chromosomal localization
IbFT1g33291.t11104.9612 249.99NucleusLG8
IbFT2g33292.t11906.9121 419.32NucleusLG8
IbFT3g33331.t11115.2012 404.20NucleusLG8
IbFT4g54865.t11479.9716 126.35NucleusLG13
IbFT5g54869.t11746.9619 648.14NucleusLG13
IbTFL1g4574.t11499.3417 190.56CytoplasmLG2
IbTFL2g4582.t11759.4619 965.83CytoplasmLG2
IbTFL3g20567.t11739.5019 501.29CytoplasmLG5
IbTFL4g25123.t121011.0023 960.81Cytoplasm NucleusLG6
IbTFL5g51106.t11215.4213 698.13NucleusLG12
IbTFL6g51110.t11759.0719 884.51CytoplasmLG12
IbMFT1g35480.t11788.5919 818.88CytoplasmLG9
IbMFT2g46363.t11659.5717 888.33NucleusLG11
IbPEBP1g9831.t11406.1015 426.60NucleusLG3
IbPEBP2g17997.t11695.2618 549.21NucleusLG5
), ArticleFig(id=1277330229668475235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277330210747969802, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

甘薯PEBP基因家族蛋白的理化性质分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
蛋白名称Protein name登录号Accession ID氨基酸数量Number of amino acids等电点pI分子量MW/Da亚细胞定位Subcellular localization染色体定位Chromosomal localization
IbFT1g33291.t11104.9612 249.99NucleusLG8
IbFT2g33292.t11906.9121 419.32NucleusLG8
IbFT3g33331.t11115.2012 404.20NucleusLG8
IbFT4g54865.t11479.9716 126.35NucleusLG13
IbFT5g54869.t11746.9619 648.14NucleusLG13
IbTFL1g4574.t11499.3417 190.56CytoplasmLG2
IbTFL2g4582.t11759.4619 965.83CytoplasmLG2
IbTFL3g20567.t11739.5019 501.29CytoplasmLG5
IbTFL4g25123.t121011.0023 960.81Cytoplasm NucleusLG6
IbTFL5g51106.t11215.4213 698.13NucleusLG12
IbTFL6g51110.t11759.0719 884.51CytoplasmLG12
IbMFT1g35480.t11788.5919 818.88CytoplasmLG9
IbMFT2g46363.t11659.5717 888.33NucleusLG11
IbPEBP1g9831.t11406.1015 426.60NucleusLG3
IbPEBP2g17997.t11695.2618 549.21NucleusLG5
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甘薯PEBP基因家族鉴定以及影响甘薯块根发育候选PEBP基因的鉴定
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黄哲瑞 1, 2 , 辛曙丽 3 , 赵添 1, 2 , 刘永华 1, 2, * , 朱国鹏 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 组学与生物技术 2024,45(3): 459-472
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热带作物学报 |组学与生物技术 2024 , 45 (3) : 459 -472
甘薯PEBP基因家族鉴定以及影响甘薯块根发育候选PEBP基因的鉴定
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黄哲瑞(1996—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘薯栽培技术和产量。

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黄哲瑞1, 2, 辛曙丽3, 赵添1, 2, 刘永华1, 2, * , 朱国鹏1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572022
  • 2.海南大学园艺学院/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228
  • 3.保亭黎族苗族自治县农业服务中心,海南保亭 572316
通讯作者:
* 刘永华(LIU Yonghua),E-mail:
朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
Identification of PEBP Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Screening of Key PEBP Genes Regulating Storage Root Development
Zherui HUANG1, 2, Shuli XIN3, Tian ZHAO1, 2, Yonghua LIU1, 2, * , Guopeng ZHU1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya, Hainan 572022, China
  • 2.College of Horticulture, Hainan University / Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 3.Agricultural Service Center of Baoting, Baoting, Hainan 572316, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.003
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磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白(PEBP)在植物中广泛存在,在调控开花、种子休眠以及地下储藏器官(如马铃薯块茎和洋葱鳞茎)形成中发挥着重要作用。但目前有关甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)PEBP基因家族成员的研究较少,且尚未有研究系统揭示调控甘薯块根发育的关键PEBP家族成员。本研究首先通过生物信息学分析对甘薯基因组中PEBP基因家族成员的数量和种类进行鉴定,然后通过PEBP基因表达的组织特异性分析、PEBP基因在不同发育时期块根中表达水平的动态变化及其与糖转运蛋白SWEET基因表达水平之间的相关性分析,系统筛选出调控甘薯块根发育的候选PEBP基因家族成员并初步揭示其可能的调控机制。结果如下:(1)从甘薯基因组中共鉴定出15个PEBP基因,聚类分析将其分为4个亚家族:5个FT-like成员(IbFT1~5)、6个TFL1-like成员(IbTFL1~6)、2个MFT-like成员(IbMFT1~2)和2个PEBP-like成员(IbPEBP1~2)。(2)聚类分析结果表明,IbFT5可能会促进甘薯块根发育,而IbTFL3可能会抑制其块根发育。(3)甘薯PEBP基因表达的组织特异性分析表明,在根系高表达的PEBP基因中,只有IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6不仅在根系的表达水平高于在其他组织中的表达水平,而且和根系中其他PEBP家族成员的表达水平相比,这3个基因的表达水平也是最高的,因此推测这3个PEBP基因可能会促进块根膨大。(4)对上述2种方法得到的4个候选PEBP基因(IbFT5、IbTFL3、IbTFL4IbTFL6)在不同发育时期块根(定植后30、60、90、120 d)中的表达水平测定结果表明,随着块根的发育,IbFT5、IbTFL4、IbTFL6的表达水平显著上升,特别是在块根快速膨大期(60~90 d),而IbTFL3的表达水平在块根快速膨大期(60~90 d)则快速下降。因此,IbFT5、IbTFL4、IbTFL6可能促进块根发育,而IbTFL3则可能抑制块根发育。(5)伴随着IbFT5、IbTFL4、IbTFL6的表达水平的升高,块根中高表达的5个SWEET基因中有4个(IbSWEET4IbSWEET11IbSWEET16IbSWEET19)的表达水平均呈现不断下降的趋势,这与马铃薯的研究结果相似,表明甘薯PEBP基因可能也是通过抑制SWEET蛋白活性,从而促进糖分通过更高效率的共质体转运途径向块根进行运输最终促进块根发育。综上,本研究不仅确定了甘薯基因组中PEBP基因家族成员的数量和种类,而且还筛选出4个可能影响甘薯块根发育的候选PEBP基因,为进一步提高我国甘薯的产量提供理论依据。

甘薯  /  PEBP基因家族  /  生物信息学  /  组织表达特异性  /  块根发育

Phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) widely exist in plants and play important roles in regulating flowering, seed dormancy and the formation of underground storage organs (e.g. potato tubers and onion bulbs). However, up to now, there is few studies conducted on PEBP genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), and there is also no research published to reveal the key members of PEBP gene family that regulate the development of storage root of sweet potato. Our study first identified the number and types of the PEBP gene family in sweet potato through bioinformatics analysis. Then, to screen the candidate members of the PEBP gene family that regulate the development of storage root of sweet potato, the tissue specificity of PEBP gene expression and the dynamic changes of PEBP gene expression level in storage roots at different development stages were analyzed. To explore possible regulatory mechanism, the correlation between PEBP gene expression level and SWEET gene expression level in storage roots were also examined. The results are as follows: (1) A total of 15 putative PEBP genes were identified from the sweet potato genome, which were classified into 4 subfamilies: 5 of FT-like genes (IbFT1-5), 6 of TFL1-like genes (IbTFL1-6), 2 of MFT-like genes (IbMFT1-2), and 2 of PEBP-like genes (IbPEBP1-2). (2) Clustering analysis revealed that IbFT5 may promote the development of storage root of sweet potato, while IbTFL3 may inhibit the development. (3) The tissue specificity analysis of sweet potato PEBP gene expression showed that IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6 not only showed higher expression levels in the diverse root tissues than in other tissues, but also had higher expression levels in roots than other PEBP genes. Therefore, it is speculated that the three PEBP genes may promote root enlargement. (4) The expression levels of the four candidate PEBP genes (IbFT5, IbTFL3, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6) obtained from the above two methods were determined in storage roots at different developmental stages (30, 60, 90 and 120 days after planting). It was found that the expression levels of IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6 significantly increased with the development of root tubers, especially during the rapid expansion period (60-90 days), while the expression level of IbTFL3 rapidly de-creased during the rapid expansion period (60-90 days). Therefore, all the above measurement results indicate that IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6 may promote root development, while IbTFL3 may inhibit root development. (5) With the increase of expression levels of IbFT5, IbTFL4 and IbTFL6, the expression levels of four out of the five highly ex-pressed SWEET genes (IbSWEET4, IbSWEET11, IbSWEET16 and IbSWEET19) in storage roots showed a continuous decreasing trend. This result is similar to the findings in potatoes, indicating that the PEBP gene of sweet potato may also inhibit SWEET activity and thus promotes the transportation of sugar to the storage roots through more efficient symplasmic pathway, which ultimately promotes the development of storage roots. In conclusion, this study not only determined the number and types of members of the PEBP gene family in the sweet potato genome, but also systematically identified four candidate PEBP genes affecting the development of sweet potato storage roots, which can provide a theoretical basis for further improvement of sweet potato yield in China.

sweet potato  /  PEBP gene family  /  bioinformatics  /  tissue-specific expression  /  development of storage root
黄哲瑞, 辛曙丽, 赵添, 刘永华, 朱国鹏. 甘薯PEBP基因家族鉴定以及影响甘薯块根发育候选PEBP基因的鉴定. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (3) : 459 -472 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.003
Zherui HUANG, Shuli XIN, Tian ZHAO, Yonghua LIU, Guopeng ZHU. Identification of PEBP Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Screening of Key PEBP Genes Regulating Storage Root Development[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (3) : 459 -472 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.003
磷脂酰乙醇胺结合蛋白(phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein,PEBP)具有1个非常保守的PEBP结构域,该结构域因能与磷脂酰乙醇胺结合而得名[1]。PEBP是一种非常保守的蛋白,在生物界中广泛存在,无论是植物、动物还是古细菌中均有存在[2]。植物中的PEBP最早在拟南芥中发现,可分为3个亚家族:FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)-like、TFL1(TERMINAL FLOWER 1)-like、MFT(MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1)- like[3]。随着研究的深入,在小麦、棉花等作物中发现PEBP家族中还存在另一个亚家族,将其命名为PEBP-like[4-5]
PEBP家族中成员较多,功能多样[3]。在拟南芥中存在6个PEBP家族成员,其中2个属于FT-like(AtFTAtTSF)、3个属于TFL1-like(AtTFL1AtBFTAtATC),1个属于MFT-like(AtMFT)。拟南芥AtFT基因与AtTFL1基因在开花诱导方面显示出显著的拮抗功能[6]。在长日照条件下,拟南芥AtFT的上游基因CONSTANSCO)表达上升并与光敏色素作用因子PIF4相互作用于AtFT的启动子区域,从而激活了叶片中FT的表达[7],FT蛋白在叶片中产生后,通过维管束运输到顶端分生组织的细胞质中[8],与bZIP转录因子FD蛋白结合形成FT/FD蛋白复合物,从而诱导下游成花相关基因的表达,促进拟南芥开花[9]。在短日照条件下,AtTFL1基因表达上升,而FD既能和FT蛋白结合,也能和TFL1蛋白结合,因此TFL1蛋白通过与FT蛋白竞争和FD的结合,从而抑制拟南芥开花[10]。拟南芥FT-like的另一成员TSF会协助FT对FD的竞争。而TFL1-like成员AtBFTAtATC也会协助TFL1对FD的竞争。因此拟南芥开花不仅取决于FT和TFL1,还与FT-like、TFL1-like其他成员的表达水平有关[11]。过表达研究表明,AtMFT有促进拟南芥开花的作用,AtMFT基因还可以通过调控ABA和GA信号来调节种子的萌发[12-14]。与拟南芥FT-like类似,水稻FT-like的RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1(RFT1)基因在长日照时具有诱导开花的作用[15]
除了调控植物开花和种子萌发外,PEBP还可调控植物地下部储藏器官如鳞茎、块茎等的生长发育。如洋葱(Allium cepa L)FT-like中的AcFT1AcFT4对洋葱磷茎的发育有拮抗作用。在长日照条件下,AcFT1基因表达量升高,能够促进洋葱产生鳞茎,而在短日照条件下,AcFT4表达量增加,抑制AcFT1基因的转录,使洋葱提早开花,同时鳞茎的形成受到抑制[16]。在马铃薯中,过表达FT同源基因StSP6A会抑制蔗糖转运蛋白StSWEET11的活性,使蔗糖的卸载途径从质外体途径转变为糖转运效率更高的共质体途径,从而提高蔗糖向块茎的转运和马铃薯块茎的形成[17]。而另一个FT同源基因StSP5G可以通过抑制StSP6A的表达阻碍马铃薯块茎的形成[18]。马铃薯StCEN1属于TFL1-like,与脱落酸和细胞分裂素的信号传导有关[19]StCEN1的过表达也可以抑制马铃薯块茎的形成[20]。水稻FT同源基因Hd3a的产物在短日照条件下会与细胞质的14-3-3蛋白结合形成二级复合体,然后该复合体进入细胞核中与bZIP转录因子FD蛋白结合形成三级复合体FAC,诱导水稻提早开花[21]。此外,水稻Hd3a基因在马铃薯中过表达能够促进马铃薯块茎的形成[18]。还有研究表明PEBP基因也在番茄[22]、大麦[23-24]、毛竹[25]、木薯[26]、苹果[27-28]、郁金香[29]等多种作物的生长发育中发挥着重要的调控作用。
甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)别名甜薯、地瓜、番薯,为旋花科草本植物。甘薯起源于中南美洲,在16世纪末才传入中国[30]。由于甘薯环境适应能力强、产量较高且易于栽培管理,因此很快就在中国广泛种植[31]。甘薯块根、茎、叶均可食用,富含淀粉、可溶性糖、维生素C、维生素E、胡萝卜素、花青素等人体所需物质[32]。此外,甘薯还具有重要的经济价值,可作为饲料、淀粉加工原料和工业原材料[33]。甘薯已经成为全球第七大农作物,我国甘薯栽培面积和产量分别占全球的42%和68%,稳居世界第一(FAO,2020)。目前我国甘薯单产已处于平台期,近20年来(1999—2020年)一直徘徊在22 t/hm2左右,没有进一步提升(FAO,2020)。虽然和大多数发展中国家相比我国甘薯单产较高,但和发达国家相比,我国甘薯单产仍有一定差距,例如美国和澳大利亚平均单产分别高达25.4 t/hm2和39 t/hm2(FAO,2020)。如何进一步提升甘薯产量是我国甘薯产业健康、可持续发展所亟需解决的重要问题之一。
与马铃薯块茎和洋葱鳞茎等类似,甘薯的主要食用器官块根也属于地下部储藏器官,因此对其PEBP家族成员进行研究将有助于进一步提高甘薯产量。虽然已有研究报道甘薯PEBP基因家族,但该研究仅从甘薯基因组中鉴定出13个PEBP家族成员,不包含PEBP-like成员[34]。截至目前,尚未有报道系统鉴定和阐明与甘薯块根发育相关的候选PEBP家族成员。鉴于此,本研究首先利用生物信息学方法对甘薯基因组中PEBP家族成员的数量和种类进行系统鉴定,然后通过生物信息学分析PEBP基因表达的组织特异性(幼叶、成熟叶、茎、纤维根、柴根、薯皮、块根、花),初步鉴定出可能调控甘薯块根发育的候选PEBP家族成员,最后通过对候选PEBP基因在不同发育时期块根中表达水平的动态变化及其与SWEET基因表达水平之间的相关性分析,进一步确认其在调控甘薯块根发育中的重要作用。本研究将为后续深入研究甘薯PEBP基因家族的功能奠定基础,同时为进一步提高我国甘薯产量提供理论支撑。
选取甘薯品种高系14为实验材料,于海南大学(20°2ʹ39.73ʺN,110°18ʹ26.93ʺE)进行露地栽培,以史丹利复合肥(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15)450 kg/hm2和羊粪有机肥12 000 kg/hm2作为基肥,在种植前先整地起垄,按照40 cm间隔起垄,垄宽80 cm,每垄只种1行甘薯,株距为25 cm。种植时间为2021年9月20号至2021年12月3号,开花后(74 d)取样。为了研究不同组织的基因表达,选择高系14的幼叶(茎尖周围的未展开叶)、成熟叶(从茎尖向下数的第5片完全展开叶片)、茎、花(不包括花柄和花萼)、纤维根(白色细长呈纤维状的根)、柴根(直径0.2~2.0 cm粗细均匀的红色根)、块根(直径约4 cm的膨大根)的薯皮和薯肉8个部位(图1),每个部位取0.2 g,3个生物学重复。
2022年1—5月在海南大学海甸校区温室大棚盆栽种植高系14。花盆规格为:外径29.6 cm,内径25.4 cm,高19.7 cm,底部直径17.8 cm。基肥用羊粪有机肥和史丹利复合肥(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15),田园土和羊粪有机肥按3∶1的体积比加上每盆0.8 g的史丹利复合肥(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15)混合均匀,装入花盆。剪取25 cm长带茎尖的甘薯茎段,以直插法进行扦插,深度为10 cm。在甘薯扦插后的30、60、90、120 d取样,取0.2 g块根薯肉提取总RNA,每个取样时期均含4个生物学重复。取样后液氮处理,置于–80 ℃超低温冰箱保存备用。
从甘薯基因组数据库(https://ipomoea-genome.org/)下载甘薯的全基因组文件和全基因组注释文件。从NCBI数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/)下载拟南芥PEBP家族的蛋白序列[26]。从Phytozome v13数据库(https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov/)下载木薯PEBP家族的蛋白序列[26]。从马铃薯的Spud DB数据库(http://solanaceae.plantbiology.msu.edu)下载马铃薯PEBP家族的蛋白序列[35]
为了鉴定甘薯PEBP候选基因,使用2种方法搜索甘薯的蛋白质序列。第一种方法:准备拟南芥(6个)、木薯(10个)、马铃薯(15个)的PEBP基因家族蛋白序列,通过TBtools[36]https://github.com/CJ-Chen/TBtools)在线软件将甘薯全蛋白序列进行本地Blastp比对,参数阈值设置为E-value≤1e–5,其他参数为默认值。第二种方法:通过查找PEBP家族蛋白的隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)的ID(PF01161)、下载甘薯全蛋白序列和Pfam-A.hmm文件(ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/data-bases/Pfam/current_release/Pfam-A.hmm.gz)。将ID(PF01161)、甘薯全蛋白序列、Pfam-A.hmm文件用TBtools软件检索出可能的甘薯PEBP基因。
将2种方法得到的候选基因,提交给Pfam数据库[37]http://pfam.xfam.org/)、NCBI网站[38]https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structu-re/cdd/cdd.html)和SMART网站[39]http://smart.embl-Heidelberg.de/smart/set_mode.cgi?NORMAL=1)进一步确认是否含有保守的PEBP结构域。
使用TBtools软件分析甘薯PEBP家族成员基因的注释信息。
为了对甘薯的PEBP家族基因进行分类系统发育分析,使用MEGA-X(https://www.megasoftware.net/)在线软件的邻接法(Neighbor-joining method)将拟南芥、木薯、马铃薯、甘薯的PEBP蛋白的全长氨基酸序列构建系统发育树,其中参数设定的自展值为1000,其他参数默认。使用Evolview(https://www.evolgenius.info/evolview/)在线软件对系统发育树进行美化。此外,按上述方法用MEGA-X软件将甘薯PEBP基因与其他物种已知功能的PEBP基因(马铃薯的StSP6AStSP5GStCEN1;洋葱的AcFT1AcFT4;水稻的Hd3a)构建系统发育树,以此推断相关甘薯PEBP基因的功能。
使用ExPASy(http://web.expasy.org/protparam/)在线软件预测PEBP蛋白的理化性质(等电点、分子量、氨基酸数目)。使用Cell-PLoc 2.0(http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/Cell-PLoc-2/)在线软件进行亚细胞定位预测。
使用Premier 5.0软件设计实时定量PCR所需引物,并在NCBI网站检验引物特异性。其中IbFT1IbFT3IbFT2的CDS序列相似度高且前2个基因的CDS序列比IbFT2短,IbTFL1IbTFL2相比也是如此,因此IbFT1IbFT3、IbTFL1无法设计特异性引物,后续不再对IbFT1IbFT3、IbTFL1进行基因表达研究。具体引物信息如表1所示,其中,5个SWEET基因(IbSWEET4IbSWEET7IbSWEET11IbSWEET16IbSWEET19)的引物信息参照张文杰[40]的研究。
利用CWBIO公司的RNA提取试剂盒[OmniPlant RNA Kit(Dnase I)]提取总RNA,并通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳检查其完整性;逆转录使用诺唯赞HiScript III 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit逆转录试剂盒;使用诺唯赞ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix试剂盒,以甘薯的β-Actin基因为内参,用德国耶拿qTOWER3G定量PCR仪进行基因表达水平测定。具体反应条件如下:95 ℃预变性5 min;95 ℃变性5 s,58 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸30 s,40个循环。采用2–ΔΔCT法计算基因的相对表达量。
利用Excel 2020软件和Graphpad prism 8.0软件处理甘薯PEBP基因相对表达数据,使用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行单因素方差分析(ANOVA),多重比较采用Duncan’s法分析。
通过本地Blastp比对和隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)分析,从甘薯基因组中找到16个PEBP候选基因,然后将其提交到Pfam数据库、NCBI网站和SMART网站验证,发现编号为g46241.t1的蛋白无PEBP结构域,将其剔除。因此,从甘薯基因组中总共鉴定出15个PEBP家族成员。用MEGA-X软件将鉴定出的15个甘薯PEBP家族成员与已经公布的拟南芥、木薯、马铃薯的PEBP家族成员用邻接法构建系统发育树(图2)。结果显示,15个甘薯PEBP家族成员被分为4个亚家族,其中包含5个FT-like成员、6个TFL1-like成员、2个MFT-like成员和2个PEBP-like成员。根据每个亚家族成员在染色体上位置的先后顺序进行命名,分别命名为IbFT1~5IbTFL1~6IbMFT1~2IbPEBP1~2表2)。值得注意的是,现有研究仅在甘薯基因组中鉴定出13个PEBP家族成员,包括5个FT-like成员、6个TFL1-like成员、2个MFT-like成员,但缺少2个PEBP-like成员[34]
为了鉴定出可能与甘薯块根发育相关的PEBP家族成员,将其他农作物中已知会促进或抑制地下部储藏器官膨大的PEBP基因(包括马铃薯的StSP6A、StSP5GStCEN1基因[17-20],洋葱的AcFT1AcFT4基因[16],以及水稻的Hd3a基因[18])和甘薯的15个PEBP家族成员进行聚类分析(图3),通过亲缘关系的远近预测可能和块根发育相关的甘薯PEBP基因。结果发现,在15个甘薯PEBP基因中,IbFT5与洋葱基因AcFT1和水稻基因Hd3a的亲缘关系较近,而这2个基因可分别促进洋葱鳞茎[16]和马铃薯块茎的发育[18]。因此,推测IbFT5可能和甘薯块根发育密切相关。此外,与其他甘薯PEBP基因相比,IbTFL3和马铃薯中抑制块茎膨大的TFL1-like基因StCEN1StPEBP5[20,35]的亲缘关系较近,因此推测IbTFL3可能会抑制甘薯块根的发育。
为进一步揭示甘薯PEBP家族成员的功能,对甘薯PEBP基因在不同组织(幼叶、成熟叶、茎、纤维根、柴根、薯皮、薯肉、花)中的表达特异性进行qRT-PCR分析(图4)。结果表明,IbTFL5IbMFT1IbPEBP2在所有组织中均具有较高的表达水平,其可能在不同组织的发育中均发挥着重要作用,而与块根的膨大无必然联系。IbFT2只在幼叶和成熟叶中表达,为叶片特异表达基因。IbMFT2在花中的表达水平远高于其他组织,为花特异性表达基因。IbFT4仅在花和成熟叶中有表达,且在花中的表达水平显著高于成熟叶,为花和叶片特异表达基因。IbTFL3IbTFL4IbTFL6不仅在花中高表达,也在块根的薯皮和薯肉中高表达。根系特异表达的基因为IbFT5IbTFL2IbPEBP1,其中IbFT5仅在非膨大根(纤维根和柴根)中高表达,而IbTFL2IbPEBP1不仅在非膨大根中高表达,也在膨大块根的薯皮和薯肉中高表达。上述结果表明,甘薯PEBP基因家族成员的表达具有明显的组织特异性,推测甘薯PEBP家族成员存在显著的功能分化,其在不同组织中发挥着不同的功能。
图4可知,在根系(膨大根和非膨大根)中特异表达基因为IbFT5IbTFL2IbPEBP1。此外,IbTFL3IbTFL4IbTFL6也在根系中特别是薯皮和薯肉中高表达。推测上述6个甘薯PEBP基因可能与甘薯块根发育密切相关。为缩小PEBP基因成员的选择范围,本课题组进一步对特定根系组织(纤维根、柴根、薯皮和薯肉)中不同PEBP家族成员的相对表达水平进行测定(图5)。结果发现,在纤维根中,IbFT5IbTFL4为高表达基因,且IbFT5的表达水平显著高于IbTFL4。在柴根中,IbFT5为高表达基因,其余基因的表达水平极低。在膨大块根薯皮中,IbTFL4、IbTFL6为高表达基因,其余基因低表达或不表达。在膨大块根薯肉中,IbTFL4为高表达,其余基因为低表达或不表达。
综上所述,在根系中高表达的6个PEBP基因中,IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6不仅在根系中的表达水平高于在其他组织,而且也高于根系中其他PEBP家族成员。因此推测这3个PEBP基因在块根膨大中发挥着重要作用。
聚类分析揭示IbFT5可能会促进甘薯块根的发育,而IbTFL3则可能会抑制甘薯块根的发育(图3);此外,组织表达特异性分析则表明IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6与块根发育密切相关(图4图5)。因此,本课题组进一步对上述4个基因(IbFT5、IbTFL3、IbTFL4IbTFL6)在不同发育时期块根(定植后30、60、90、120 d)中的表达水平动态变化进行测定,观察上述基因表达水平和块根膨大之间的相关性。
结果表明,在块根发育的前期(30~60 d),IbFT5、IbTFL4的表达水平无显著变化,而在块根发育中期(60~90 d),这2个基因的表达水平快速大幅增加,但在块根发育后期(90~120 d),其表达水平均快速下降(图6)。与IbFT5、IbTFL4不同,IbTFL6的表达水平在整个块根发育时期一直呈上升的趋势,在整个发育时期呈‘S’形曲线,即在块根发育前期(30~60 d)和后期(90~120 d),其表达水平上升速度较慢,而在发育中期则上升速度较快。
在上述4个基因(IbFT5、IbTFL3、IbTFL4IbTFL6)中,只有IbTFL3基因根据聚类分析(图3)被认为可能会抑制甘薯块根的发育。IbTFL3基因表达水平的动态分析表明,其表达水平在块根膨大前期(30~60 d)呈上升趋势,而在块根发育的中后期(60~120d)其表达水平快速下降。总的来讲,伴随着IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6表达水平的上升,IbTFL3的表达水平则呈现下降趋势,表明这2类基因之间可能存在拮抗作用,前者可能促进块根发育,而后者可能抑制块根发育。
SWEET蛋白为蔗糖转运蛋白,其主要功能是将蔗糖和己糖(葡萄糖和果糖)由细胞内向外转运,其表达量低往往代表糖分的转运途径以高效的共质体途径为主,而低效的质外体途径则属于次要途径。例如,在马铃薯中,过表达PEBP基因StSP6A会抑制蔗糖转运蛋白StSWEET11的表达,从而促进蔗糖由叶片通过共质体途径向块茎的高效转运,最终促进马铃薯块茎的形成[17]。研究表明,在甘薯块根中表达的SWEET基因有5个,分别为IbSWEET4IbSWEET7IbSWEET11IbSWEET16IbSWEET19[40]。本课题组对不同发育时期块根中这5个SWEET基因的表达水平进行测定。结果表明,随着块根膨大和块根发育相关PEBP基因(IbFT5IbTFL4IbTFL6)表达水平的上升,IbSWEET4IbSWEET11IbSWEET16IbSWEET19的表达均呈现不断下降的趋势,在定植后60 d(IbSWEET19是在定植后90 d)达到最低值,其表达水平在块根膨大后期(90~ 120 d)又呈现回升的趋势,而IbSWEET7基因的表达在块根膨大前期(30~60 d)呈现上升的趋势(图7)。根据上述结果,可推测甘薯PEBP基因很可能也是通过抑制SWEET基因的表达来促进块根发育。
PEBP家族在植物中广泛存在,近年来研究人员已经在多种植物中发现了PEBP基因家族。PEBP基因在植物生长发育中发挥着重要作用,不仅调控拟南芥和水稻等植物的开花[6,12,15,21],还参与调控地下部储藏器官的形成如马铃薯块茎[17-20]和洋葱鳞茎等[16]。与马铃薯块茎和洋葱鳞茎等类似,甘薯的主要食用器官块根也属于地下部储藏器官,因此对其PEBP家族成员进行研究将有助于进一步提高其块根产量。虽然近期有研究报道了甘薯PEBP家族的生物信息学分析结果,但该研究从甘薯基因组中仅鉴定出13个PEBP家族成员,且只包含FT-like、TFL1-like和MFT-like,并不包含PEBP-like[34]。此外,目前尚未有报道系统研究并筛选可能和甘薯块根发育相关的候选PEBP家族成员。
为了解决上述存在的问题,本研究利用生物信息学方法从甘薯基因组中共鉴定出16个PEBP候选基因,然后将其提交到Pfam数据库、NCBI网站和SMART网站验证,发现除了编号g46241.t1的成员,其他15个甘薯PEBP成员和前人研究的拟南芥、木薯、马铃薯结果相同,均存在着保守的PEBP结构域。将g46241.t1剔除,得到15个甘薯PEBP家族成员。在植物进化过程中,许多植物都经历过1次或多次多倍体化从而导致基因家族成员扩张,拟南芥和木薯为二倍体,甘薯为六倍体,且拟南芥PEBP家族成员(6个)和木薯PEBP家族成员(10个)与甘薯成员相比,甘薯PEBP家族成员数量更多,说明甘薯在进化过程中随着染色体倍数的增加,导致了甘薯PEBP家族的扩张。此外,系统发育树结果显示与拟南芥和木薯相比,甘薯除了有FT-like、TFL1-like和MFT-like外,还多了PEBP-like,而在他人研究的马铃薯、小麦、棉花等多个物种中也鉴定出PEBP-like[4-5,35]。甘薯有5个FT-like成员、6个TFL1-like成员、2个MFT-like成员和2个PEBP-like成员,比较发现不管是在拟南芥、木薯还是马铃薯中的TFL1-like成员数量在亚家族中都是最多的,推测在进化过程中TFL1-like受环境选择发生的基因复制和变异的频率更高。和已有的研究相比[34],本研究从甘薯基因组中多鉴定出2个PEBP基因,且这2个基因均为PEBP-like成员。
在植物中PEBP家族基因能够影响贮藏器官的形成。在马铃薯中,块茎为马铃薯的贮藏器官,过表达StSP6A能够促进块茎的形成,而过表达StSP5GStCEN1抑制了块茎的形成[17-20]。此外过表达水稻的Hd3a基因也能够促进马铃薯块茎的形成[18]。在洋葱中,鳞茎为洋葱的贮藏器官,过表达AcFT1能够促进鳞茎的形成,而过表达AcFT4能够抑制鳞茎的形成[16]。甘薯、马铃薯、洋葱、水稻聚类分析发现,IbFT5与洋葱基因AcFT1和水稻基因Hd3a的亲缘关系较近,而这2个基因可分别促进洋葱鳞茎[16]和马铃薯块茎的发育[18]。推测IbFT5可能也会促进甘薯块根的发育。此外,和其他甘薯PEBP基因相比,IbTFL3和马铃薯StPEBP5StCEN1[20,35]的亲缘关系较近,推测IbTFL3可能会抑制甘薯块根的发育。
植物PEBP基因家族具有组织特异性。木薯中MeFT1MeFT2在成熟叶中高表达,推测成熟叶是产生花诱导信号的部位。MeMFT1在幼叶和花芽的生长组织中高表达,而MeMFT2在须根和茎中高表达[26]。本研究中,甘薯根系(膨大根和非膨大根)特异表达的基因为IbFT5IbTFL2IbPEBP1。此外,IbTFL3IbTFL4IbTFL6除了在花中高表达,也在根系中特别是薯皮和薯肉中高表达,但在其他组织中为低表达或不表达。推测上述6个PEBP基因和甘薯块根发育密切相关。为进一步研究发现,上述6个基因在甘薯根系中(纤维根、柴根和膨大块根薯皮和薯肉)中高表达的PEBP基因只有IbFT5IbTFL4、IbTFL6等3个基因,其余基因为低表达。因此,在根系中高表达的6个PEBP基因中,只有IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6不仅在根系中的表达水平高于在其他组织中的表达水平,而且和根系中表达的其他PEBP家族成员相比,这3个基因的表达水平也是最高的。推测这3个PEBP基因(IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6)在根系膨大中发挥着重要的作用。
综合上述2个方面的结果,推测IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6可能会促进块根的发育,而IbTFL3则可能会抑制块根的发育。已有的研究表明,甘薯块根定植后30 d开始逐渐膨大,定植后60~90 d进入快速膨大期,随后膨大速度逐渐减慢[41]。对上述4个基因在不同发育时期块根(定植后30、60、90、120 d)中的表达水平进行的测定结果表明,在块根发育的前期(30~60 d),IbFT5、IbTFL4的表达水平无显著变化,而在块根快速膨大期(60~90 d),这2个基因的表达水平快速大幅增加。与IbFT5、IbTFL4不同,IbTFL6的表达水平在整个块根发育时期一直呈现上升的趋势,特别在块根快速膨大期(60~90 d)其上升速度较快。这与马铃薯中的StSP6A表达相似。马铃薯的StSP6A也在贮藏器官发育时期呈现上升趋势,当地下匍匐茎弯钩角度为150°时,StSP6A的表达量急剧增加,发育成小薯和大薯时,表达量也还保持在较高水平[42]。推测IbFT5、IbTFL4IbTFL6这3个基因可能促进甘薯块根的发育,根据聚类分析推测IbTFL3基因可能会抑制甘薯块根的发育。IbTFL3基因表达水平的动态变化分析表明,其表达水平在块根快速膨大期(60~90 d)开始快速下降,表明其很可能对块根膨大起抑制作用。此外,IbTFL3在柴根中表达水平显著高于其他根系(纤维根、块根的薯肉和薯皮),而柴根是生长停滞的块根,这进一步证明IbTFL3很可能会抑制块根的膨大。
SWEET蛋白为蔗糖转运蛋白,其主要功能是将蔗糖和己糖(葡萄糖和果糖)由细胞内向外转运,从而促进糖分经由低效率的质外体途径转运,而不是经由高效率的共质体途径转运。前人研究表明,在甘薯块根中高表达SWEET基因有5个,分别为IbSWEET4IbSWEET7IbSWEET11IbSWEET16IbSWEET19[40]。不同发育时期的块根中,随着块根膨大和PEBP基因(IbFT5IbTFL4IbTFL6)表达水平的上升,4个SWEET基因(IbSWEET4IbSWEET11IbSWEET16IbSWEET19)的表达均呈现不断下降的趋势,在定植后60 d(IbSWEET19是在定植后90 d)达到最低值。推测甘薯PEBP基因很可能是通过抑制SWEET基因的表达来促进块根发育。在马铃薯的研究中,过表达PEBP基因,StSP6A会抑制蔗糖转运蛋白StSWEET11的表达,从而促进蔗糖通过共质体途径向块茎的高效转运,最终促进马铃薯块茎的形成[18]。此外,甘薯块根中SWEET基因表达水平的下降也可以解释为何甘薯块根在定植后40 d块根开始膨大时其蔗糖转运途径由质外体途径转变为共质体途径[41]
本研究不仅确定了甘薯基因组中PEBP基因家族成员的数量和种类,而且通过生物信息学分析和PEBP基因表达的组织特异性分析初步鉴定出可能调控甘薯块根发育的候选PEBP家族成员。此外,通过对相关PEBP基因在不同发育时期块根中表达水平的动态变化及其与SWEET基因表达水平之间的相关性分析,初步推断PEBP可能通过调控糖分转运来影响甘薯块根发育。本研究将为后续深入研究甘薯PEBP基因家族的功能提供理论依据。
  • 海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC476)
  • 海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC146)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32260440)
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2024年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.03.003
  • 接收时间:2023-06-27
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-27
  • 修回日期:2023-08-09
基金
海南省自然科学基金项目(320RC476)
海南省基础与应用基础研究计划(自然科学领域)高层次人才项目(2019RC146)
国家自然科学基金项目(32260440)
作者信息
    1.海南大学三亚南繁研究院,海南三亚 572022
    2.海南大学园艺学院/海南省热带园艺作物品质调控重点实验室,海南海口 570228
    3.保亭黎族苗族自治县农业服务中心,海南保亭 572316

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* 刘永华(LIU Yonghua),E-mail:
朱国鹏(ZHU Guopeng),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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