Article(id=1277293296946910039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717689600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-07, revisedDate=1718553600000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782460052953, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782460052953, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782460052953, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782460052953, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277293236137890180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='11', pageStart='2243', pageEnd='2486', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1732464000000', pubDateStr='2024-11-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782460038455, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782815269280, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1278783182988358205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277293236137890180, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2371, endPage=2379, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277293297261482841, articleId=1277293296946910039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Preparation of 3% Gibberellic Acid Dry Flowable and Its Effect on the Growth Regulation of Citrus, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Gibberellic acid is a typical plant growth regulator, which has the efficacy of increasing yield and fruit preservation for crops. The preparation process of gibberellic acid dry flowable is still lacking systematic exploration, and the fruit preservation test of this preparation on citrus still needs to be verified. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of the wet grinding process of sand mill on the performance of gibberellic acid suspension slurry and to determine the performance of dry flowable prepared by spray drying. The 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable was prepared by the wet sand mill and pressure spray drying equipment, and the final process was screened according to the determination of particle size, viscosity, the retention rate of gibberellic acid content, and other performance indexes of the suspension concentrate through the optimization of the number of wet grinding times, the wet grinding speed, and the size of the diameter of zirconia beads used for wet grinding. The effect of 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable on citrus fruit set, fruit thickness, single fruit weight and soluble solids were tested in field efficacy test. The results showed that the optimal grinding process was 1 mm in diameter of the zirconium beads used for grinding, the grinding speed was 2500 r/min and grould twice. The viscosity of the suspension concentrate before spraying was lower than 200 mPa/s, and the particle size was about 2 µm, and the particle size of the suspension concentrate after spraying was about 3 µm after rehydration, and the retention rate of gibberellic acid was more than 90% after this grinding process, and the low viscosity of the slurry could meet the production requirements. The 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable produced by this process has high suspension rate (>90%), fast wetting speed (10 s), high retention rate of gibberellic acid, and the performance indexes are in accordance with the regulations, and there is no precipitation of suspension slurry during the production process. The results of the field trial showed that the spraying of gibberellic acid dry flowable increased the transverse and longitudinal diameter of the citrus single fruit, the thickness of the peel decreased, the weight of the single fruit increased, the soluble solids increased, and the fruiting rate of the planting area increased. The results provide theoretical support for the industrial production of gibberellic acid dry flowable, and the field trial of gibberellic acid dry flowable prepared in this study in citrus trees can provide reference for the application of gibberellic acid in citrus fruit trees.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jinlong ZHOU, Wen LEI, Jinyu MIAO, Hao ZHANG, Liqiang ZOU, Wei LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Liqiang ZOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277293298347807589, articleId=1277293296946910039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备及对柑橘生长调节的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

赤霉酸是一种典型的植物生长调节剂,对作物有增产保果的功效。赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备工艺尚欠缺系统探讨,而且该制剂对柑橘的保果试验仍需验证。本研究探究砂磨机湿法研磨工艺对赤霉酸悬浮浆料性能的影响,并测定其喷雾干燥制备的干悬浮剂性能。采用湿法砂磨机和压力式喷雾干燥设备制备3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂,通过对湿法砂磨次数、砂磨速度和砂磨所用氧化锆珠直径大小的优化,根据悬浮剂的粒径、黏度、赤霉酸含量保留率等性能指标筛选出最佳工艺。通过田间药效试验测试3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂对柑橘保果效果及果实厚度、单果重和可溶性固形物等指标的影响。结果表明:最佳砂磨工艺为砂磨所用的锆珠直径选择1 mm,砂磨速度为2500 r/min,砂磨次数为2次。喷雾前悬浮剂黏度低于200 mPa/s,粒径约为2 µm,喷雾后的干悬浮剂复水后粒径约为3 µm,经此砂磨工艺处理后赤霉酸的保留率大于90%,且浆料黏度低满足生产需求。利用该工艺制得的3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂悬浮率高(>90%),润湿速度快(10 s),赤霉酸保留率高,性能指标均符合农业行业的生产应用需求,且生产过程中悬浮剂浆料未出现沉淀。田间试验结果表明,喷施赤霉酸干悬浮剂后柑橘单果的横纵径增大、果皮厚度减小、单果重增加、可溶性固形物增加,种植区坐果率提高。研究结果为赤霉酸干悬浮剂的工业化生产提供理论支持,为赤霉酸在柑橘类果树上的应用提供参考。

, authors=

周金龙(1972—),男,学士,高级工程师,研究方向:农药肥料制剂。

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* 邹立强(ZOU Liqiang),E-mail:
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周金龙(1972—),男,学士,高级工程师,研究方向:农药肥料制剂。

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周金龙(1972—),男,学士,高级工程师,研究方向:农药肥料制剂。

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Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2020, 13(5): 860-870., articleTitle=Effect of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsion combined with ascorbic acid on enzymatic browning of cloudy apple juice, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293311832495045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=31, authorNames=张素英, 门友均, 唐明丽, 阳廷密, journalName=南方园艺, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张素英, 门友均, 唐明丽, 阳廷密. 75%赤霉酸可溶性粉剂对沙糖橘保花保果试验初报[J]. 南方园艺, 2017, 28(1): 38-39., articleTitle=75%赤霉酸可溶性粉剂对沙糖橘保花保果试验初报, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293311903798214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=28, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=39, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=32, authorNames=ZHANG S Y, MEN Y J, TANG M L, YANG T M, journalName=Southern Horticulture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG S Y, MEN Y J, TANG M L, YANG T M. Preliminary study on flower and fruit preservation of Tangerine with 75% gibberellanic acid soluble powder[J]. Southern Horticulture, 2017, 28(1): 38-39. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Preliminary study on flower and fruit preservation of Tangerine with 75% gibberellanic acid soluble powder, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293311987684295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=11, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=33, authorNames=WU M B, LIU K D, LI H H, LI Y, ZHU Y Q, SU D, ZHANG Y X, DENG H, WANG Y K, LIU M C, journalName=Horticulture Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU M B, LIU K D, LI H H, LI Y, ZHU Y Q, SU D, ZHANG Y X, DENG H, WANG Y K, LIU M C. Gibberellins involved in fruit ripening and softening by mediating multiple hormonal signals in tomato[J]. 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Stability of acid milk beverage with nata-de-coco based on LUMiSizer analysis[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2021, 47(23): 246-251. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Stability of acid milk beverage with nata-de-coco based on LUMiSizer analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293313845760971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=384, pageEnd=392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=37, authorNames=祖超, 李蓉蓉, 李志刚, 王灿, 鱼欢, 郑维全, 杨建峰, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=祖超, 李蓉蓉, 李志刚, 王灿, 鱼欢, 郑维全, 杨建峰. 外源赤霉素调控胡椒花穗形成及增产机理[J]. 热带作物学报, 2021, 42(2): 384-392., articleTitle=外源赤霉素调控胡椒花穗形成及增产机理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293313933841356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=2, pageStart=384, pageEnd=392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=38, authorNames=ZU C, LI R R, LI Z G, WANG C, YU H, ZHENG W Q, YANG J F, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZU C, LI R R, LI Z G, WANG C, YU H, ZHENG W Q, YANG J F. Exogenous gibberellin regulating inflorescence formation and stimulation yield mechanism of blank pepper[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2021, 42(2): 384-392. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Exogenous gibberellin regulating inflorescence formation and stimulation yield mechanism of blank pepper, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293313996755917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=49, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=39, authorNames=代琳, 张伦德, 周志扬, 陈泓臻, 黄康, 马晴晴, 孙孝贤, 熊博, journalName=中国农学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=代琳, 张伦德, 周志扬, 陈泓臻, 黄康, 马晴晴, 孙孝贤, 熊博. 外源赤霉素、氨基酸钙处理对‘明日见’柑橘裂果的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(7): 49-55., articleTitle=外源赤霉素、氨基酸钙处理对‘明日见’柑橘裂果的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293314063864782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=49, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=DAI L, ZHANG L D, ZHOU Z Y, CHEN H Z, HUANG K, MA Q Q, SUN X X, XIONG B, journalName=Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI L, ZHANG L D, ZHOU Z Y, CHEN H Z, HUANG K, MA Q Q, SUN X X, XIONG B. Effects of exogenous gibberellin and calcium amino acid on fruit cracking of 'Asumi' citrus[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(7): 49-55. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of exogenous gibberellin and calcium amino acid on fruit cracking of 'Asumi' citrus, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277293314130973647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=87, issue=1/2, pageStart=33, pageEnd=52.384-392, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=41, authorNames=GARCÍA-LUIS A, DUARTE A M M, KANDUSER M, GUARDIOLA J L, journalName=Scientia Horticulturae, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARCÍA-LUIS A, DUARTE A M M, KANDUSER M, GUARDIOLA J L. The anatomy of the fruit in relation to the propensity of citrus species to split[J]. Scientia Horticulturae,2001, 87(1/2): 33-52.384-392. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The anatomy of the fruit in relation to the propensity of citrus species to split, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277293309185889188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, awardId=31860452, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(31860452), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277293309257192357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, awardId=20211-025333, language=CN, fundingSource=吉安市科技计划项目(20211-025333), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277293298603660135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293298612048744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, companyId=1277293298603660135, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Jiangxi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., Ltd., Ji’an, Jiangxi 331300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293298616243049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, companyId=1277293298603660135, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.江西新瑞丰生化股份有限公司,江西吉安 331300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277293300277187434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293300285576043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, companyId=1277293300277187434, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277293300293964652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, companyId=1277293300277187434, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330047)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277293306182767508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effect of different grinding processes on particle size of suspension slurry

A: Different diameters of grinding zirconium beads; B: Different grinding speeds; C: Different grinding times.

, figureFileSmall=tDEE+WM5DVsRosBqhsJosA==, figureFileBig=Sr15bVPGNlaSMDyanTrzHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306245682069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同砂磨工艺对悬浮剂浆料粒径的影响

A:不同砂磨锆珠直径;B:不同砂磨速度;C:不同砂磨次数。

, figureFileSmall=tDEE+WM5DVsRosBqhsJosA==, figureFileBig=Sr15bVPGNlaSMDyanTrzHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306413454230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Viscosity curves of suspension concentrate slurry with different processes, figureFileSmall=mao/CDOy9JFkh3GsY8RXHQ==, figureFileBig=aFOUdGc3nEVZskC1vY59hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306577032087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同工艺处理的悬浮剂浆料黏度曲线, figureFileSmall=mao/CDOy9JFkh3GsY8RXHQ==, figureFileBig=aFOUdGc3nEVZskC1vY59hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306690278296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Microstructure of gibberellic acid dry flowable (100×), figureFileSmall=9kOZ+vY3mmrlMUUdeJ0wGg==, figureFileBig=y9soHe7swTap+8W1/fpaCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306748998553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=图3, caption=赤霉酸干悬浮剂的微观形貌(100×), figureFileSmall=9kOZ+vY3mmrlMUUdeJ0wGg==, figureFileBig=y9soHe7swTap+8W1/fpaCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306807718810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Particle size distribution of suspension concentrate and dry flowable after water dispersion, figureFileSmall=2SpPlVau2vdyVEyyCIgsNw==, figureFileBig=MKTOlS7K1IY7vz7JUyb6Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306933547931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=图4, caption=悬浮剂和干悬浮剂复水后的粒径分布, figureFileSmall=2SpPlVau2vdyVEyyCIgsNw==, figureFileBig=MKTOlS7K1IY7vz7JUyb6Tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293306992268188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Transmittance time curve of suspension agent system

A: Slurry before spray; B: Slurry after the dry flowable rehydration.

, figureFileSmall=SEZyV6jvtafN7CcUDDvqyg==, figureFileBig=0kRD5gCTN/yzh2uteo6DBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293307067765661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=图5, caption=悬浮剂体系的透过率-时间变化曲线

A:喷雾前悬浮剂浆料;B:干悬浮剂复水后浆料。

, figureFileSmall=SEZyV6jvtafN7CcUDDvqyg==, figureFileBig=0kRD5gCTN/yzh2uteo6DBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277293307147457438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Retention rate of gibberellic acid after wet grinding

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制变量Control variable处理Treatment保留率Retention rate/%
砂磨2次,速度1500 r/min锆珠直径0.3 mm80.2±1.1f
锆珠直径0.6 mm84.8±0.9e
锆珠直径1.0 mm95.2±0.8ab
锆珠直径2.2 mm95.5±0.9a
砂磨2次,锆珠直径1.0 mm速度500 r/min96.0±0.7a
速度1500 r/min95.2±0.8ab
速度2500 r/min93.5±0.9b
速度2880 r/min85.2±1.5e
速度2500 r/min,锆珠直径1.0 mm砂磨1次95.1±0.5ab
砂磨2次93.5±0.9b
砂磨4次90.6±0.9c
砂磨6次87.5±1.0d
), ArticleFig(id=1277293307222954911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

湿法砂磨后的赤霉酸保留率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
控制变量Control variable处理Treatment保留率Retention rate/%
砂磨2次,速度1500 r/min锆珠直径0.3 mm80.2±1.1f
锆珠直径0.6 mm84.8±0.9e
锆珠直径1.0 mm95.2±0.8ab
锆珠直径2.2 mm95.5±0.9a
砂磨2次,锆珠直径1.0 mm速度500 r/min96.0±0.7a
速度1500 r/min95.2±0.8ab
速度2500 r/min93.5±0.9b
速度2880 r/min85.2±1.5e
速度2500 r/min,锆珠直径1.0 mm砂磨1次95.1±0.5ab
砂磨2次93.5±0.9b
砂磨4次90.6±0.9c
砂磨6次87.5±1.0d
), ArticleFig(id=1277293307294258080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Citrus fruit setting rate in field experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.坐果率Fruit setting rate/%
CK处理Treatment
1461±76a549±29a
2390±20b445±23a
331±11a48±11a
均值6.7±2.4a8.7±1.6a
), ArticleFig(id=1277293307365561249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

田间试验的柑橘坐果率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号No.坐果率Fruit setting rate/%
CK处理Treatment
1461±76a549±29a
2390±20b445±23a
331±11a48±11a
均值6.7±2.4a8.7±1.6a
), ArticleFig(id=1277293307428475810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Physiological indexes of citrus fruit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexCK处理Treatment
果实纵径/mm31.9±0.2b33.1±0.3a
果实横径/mm38.6±0.1b40.7±0.4a
果皮厚度/mm1.9±0.1a1.7±0.1b
单果重/g37.4±0.5b40.3±0.2a
可溶性固形物/%14.4±0.2a14.6±0.2a
), ArticleFig(id=1277293307491390371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277293296946910039, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

柑橘果实生理指标

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指标IndexCK处理Treatment
果实纵径/mm31.9±0.2b33.1±0.3a
果实横径/mm38.6±0.1b40.7±0.4a
果皮厚度/mm1.9±0.1a1.7±0.1b
单果重/g37.4±0.5b40.3±0.2a
可溶性固形物/%14.4±0.2a14.6±0.2a
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3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备及对柑橘生长调节的影响
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周金龙 1 , 雷文 1 , 缪金玉 2 , 张昊 2 , 邹立强 2, * , 刘伟 2
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(11): 2371-2379
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (11) : 2371 -2379
3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备及对柑橘生长调节的影响
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周金龙1, 雷文1, 缪金玉2, 张昊2, 邹立强2, * , 刘伟2
作者信息
  • 1.江西新瑞丰生化股份有限公司,江西吉安 331300
  • 2.南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330047
通讯作者:
* 邹立强(ZOU Liqiang),E-mail:
Preparation of 3% Gibberellic Acid Dry Flowable and Its Effect on the Growth Regulation of Citrus
Jinlong ZHOU1, Wen LEI1, Jinyu MIAO2, Hao ZHANG2, Liqiang ZOU2, * , Wei LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangxi New Reyphon Biochemical Co., Ltd., Ji’an, Jiangxi 331300, China
  • 2.College of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.015
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赤霉酸是一种典型的植物生长调节剂,对作物有增产保果的功效。赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备工艺尚欠缺系统探讨,而且该制剂对柑橘的保果试验仍需验证。本研究探究砂磨机湿法研磨工艺对赤霉酸悬浮浆料性能的影响,并测定其喷雾干燥制备的干悬浮剂性能。采用湿法砂磨机和压力式喷雾干燥设备制备3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂,通过对湿法砂磨次数、砂磨速度和砂磨所用氧化锆珠直径大小的优化,根据悬浮剂的粒径、黏度、赤霉酸含量保留率等性能指标筛选出最佳工艺。通过田间药效试验测试3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂对柑橘保果效果及果实厚度、单果重和可溶性固形物等指标的影响。结果表明:最佳砂磨工艺为砂磨所用的锆珠直径选择1 mm,砂磨速度为2500 r/min,砂磨次数为2次。喷雾前悬浮剂黏度低于200 mPa/s,粒径约为2 µm,喷雾后的干悬浮剂复水后粒径约为3 µm,经此砂磨工艺处理后赤霉酸的保留率大于90%,且浆料黏度低满足生产需求。利用该工艺制得的3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂悬浮率高(>90%),润湿速度快(10 s),赤霉酸保留率高,性能指标均符合农业行业的生产应用需求,且生产过程中悬浮剂浆料未出现沉淀。田间试验结果表明,喷施赤霉酸干悬浮剂后柑橘单果的横纵径增大、果皮厚度减小、单果重增加、可溶性固形物增加,种植区坐果率提高。研究结果为赤霉酸干悬浮剂的工业化生产提供理论支持,为赤霉酸在柑橘类果树上的应用提供参考。

赤霉酸  /  干悬浮剂  /  湿法砂磨工艺  /  柑橘

Gibberellic acid is a typical plant growth regulator, which has the efficacy of increasing yield and fruit preservation for crops. The preparation process of gibberellic acid dry flowable is still lacking systematic exploration, and the fruit preservation test of this preparation on citrus still needs to be verified. The study was aimed to investigate the effect of the wet grinding process of sand mill on the performance of gibberellic acid suspension slurry and to determine the performance of dry flowable prepared by spray drying. The 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable was prepared by the wet sand mill and pressure spray drying equipment, and the final process was screened according to the determination of particle size, viscosity, the retention rate of gibberellic acid content, and other performance indexes of the suspension concentrate through the optimization of the number of wet grinding times, the wet grinding speed, and the size of the diameter of zirconia beads used for wet grinding. The effect of 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable on citrus fruit set, fruit thickness, single fruit weight and soluble solids were tested in field efficacy test. The results showed that the optimal grinding process was 1 mm in diameter of the zirconium beads used for grinding, the grinding speed was 2500 r/min and grould twice. The viscosity of the suspension concentrate before spraying was lower than 200 mPa/s, and the particle size was about 2 µm, and the particle size of the suspension concentrate after spraying was about 3 µm after rehydration, and the retention rate of gibberellic acid was more than 90% after this grinding process, and the low viscosity of the slurry could meet the production requirements. The 3% gibberellic acid dry flowable produced by this process has high suspension rate (>90%), fast wetting speed (10 s), high retention rate of gibberellic acid, and the performance indexes are in accordance with the regulations, and there is no precipitation of suspension slurry during the production process. The results of the field trial showed that the spraying of gibberellic acid dry flowable increased the transverse and longitudinal diameter of the citrus single fruit, the thickness of the peel decreased, the weight of the single fruit increased, the soluble solids increased, and the fruiting rate of the planting area increased. The results provide theoretical support for the industrial production of gibberellic acid dry flowable, and the field trial of gibberellic acid dry flowable prepared in this study in citrus trees can provide reference for the application of gibberellic acid in citrus fruit trees.

gibberellic acid  /  dry flowable  /  wet grinding process  /  citrus
周金龙, 雷文, 缪金玉, 张昊, 邹立强, 刘伟. 3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备及对柑橘生长调节的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2371 -2379 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.015
Jinlong ZHOU, Wen LEI, Jinyu MIAO, Hao ZHANG, Liqiang ZOU, Wei LIU. Preparation of 3% Gibberellic Acid Dry Flowable and Its Effect on the Growth Regulation of Citrus[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (11) : 2371 -2379 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.015
干悬浮剂的制备通常包括先对物料(原药、分散剂、润湿剂等)进行湿粉碎制成水悬浮剂,然后通过喷雾干燥获得小的空心固体颗粒[1]。干悬浮剂在施用前按照原药使用浓度稀释于水中形成悬浮液,故具有水悬浮剂的粒度小、活性表面大、悬浮率高等优点。干悬浮剂的贮存稳定性优于悬浮剂,且利于包装和运输。在我国,干悬浮剂纳入水分散粒剂的管理范畴[2]。与一般水分散粒剂生产过程中的干法粉碎相比,干悬浮剂为颗粒状且流动性好,生产过程无粉尘,生产环境对人友好,可大规模连续化生产,且不使用有机溶剂,不会导致溶剂污染问题,能实现农药的可持续绿色化生产,可替代悬浮剂和固体粉末制剂[3]
赤霉酸于1935年首次从真菌藤仓赤霉中分离出来并由几种土壤微生物合成[4]。于1982年由COREY等[5]开发赤霉酸的化学合成。赤霉酸分子式为C19H22O6,有效成分主要是GA3和GA4+7,几乎不溶于水,是一种被广泛应用于农业领域的典型植物生长调节剂[6]。赤霉酸作为一种广谱性植物生长调节剂,可广泛应用于水稻、棉花、蔬菜、水果等作物以促进生长发育,提高作物产量[7]。除原药外,目前市面上的赤霉酸剂型液体的多为乳油、可溶液剂,固体的有结晶粉、可溶粉剂和可溶片剂[8]。国内市场上较少有赤霉酸水分散粒剂(干悬浮剂)产品,赤霉酸干悬浮剂工艺研发的相关文献亦很少。本研究探究赤霉酸干悬浮剂制备过程中的砂磨工艺,考察砂磨次数、砂磨速度和砂磨锆珠直径对赤霉酸悬浮浆料性能的影响,并测定干悬浮剂成品性能,探究赤霉酸干悬浮剂对柑橘的保果效果,为赤霉酸干悬浮剂的工业化制备提供理论指导,为其田间应用提供参考。
赤霉酸GA3原药(含量90.8%,江西新瑞丰生化股份有限公司);分散剂(萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物SP-DF2225,江苏擎宇化工科技有限公司);润湿剂(磺酸盐SP-DF2246B,江苏擎宇化工科技有限公司);崩解剂(硫酸铵∶可溶性淀粉为2∶1,江苏沙英喜实业有限公司、浙江福轩生物科技有限公司);填充(沉淀硫酸钡,上海亮江钛白化工制品有限公司);氧化锆珠[0.3、0.6、1.0、2.2 mm,太亦(上海)实业有限公司]。干悬浮剂的组分配比为:赤霉酸3%,分散剂15%,润湿剂1%,崩解剂3%,以沉淀硫酸钡作填充补足100%。
砂磨机[TBM-0.3L,太亦(上海)实业有限公司];压力式喷雾干燥塔系统(SPLG-10KG,江苏常州永昌制粒干燥设备有限公司);激光粒度仪(MasterSizer 3000,英国马尔文仪器);天平(MA204/A,瑞士梅特勒);RVA黏度测量仪(RVA-TM,瑞典Perten公司);高效液相色谱仪(Agilent1260,美国安捷伦公司)。
将蒸馏水加入砂磨机中,加入沉淀硫酸钡砂磨,然后依次加入萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物SP-DF2225、磺酸盐SP-DF2246B、硫酸铵和可溶性淀粉进行砂磨,最后将原药赤霉酸加入砂磨机砂磨,形成悬浮剂。砂磨机砂磨的工艺条件优化过程:固定砂磨次数(2次)和转速(1500 r/min),采用不同直径(0.3、0.6、1.0、2.2 mm)的氧化锆珠砂磨后,根据浆料的粒径和赤霉酸含量保留率选取合适的氧化锆珠直径大小;选择氧化锆珠直径(1.0 mm)并固定砂磨次数(2次)条件下,调节砂磨机的转速(500、1500、2500、2880 r/min),根据浆料粒径得到最低转速条件;然后固定锆珠直径(1.0 mm)和转速(2500 r/min),改变砂磨次数(1、2、4、6次),根据浆料粒径得出所需最低砂磨次数;最终综合考虑浆料的粒径、黏度和赤霉酸保留率选择最佳的氧化锆珠直径、砂磨转速和砂磨次数。加水量需控制悬浮剂中固形物含量为30%。将悬浮剂通入压力喷雾干燥塔(进风温度为125 ℃,出风温度60 ℃)得到赤霉酸干悬浮剂。过筛取60~100目为成品。
(1)粒径[9]。取喷雾干燥前的悬浮剂浆料,用去离子水稀释配置成1%水溶液,分别用马尔文激光粒度仪测定粒径,得到平均粒径和粒径分布图。
(2)润湿时间。参照GB/T 5451—2001[10]的方法进行测定,称取5 g样品于平皿一次性倾倒于250 mL烧杯的液面上(装有100 mL标准硬水),加样品时立即计时,直至样品全部润湿为止,记下润湿时间(s),重复5次,取平均值作为该样品的润湿时间。
(3)入水分散性。观察样品分散情况。入水呈雾状散开,且无大颗粒沉降为分散性优良。参照GB/T 32775—2016[11]的方法进行测定。
(4)崩解次数。在250 mL量筒中加入100 mL水,然后倒入0.5 g样品,颗粒到达量筒底部1 min后,将量筒上下2个方向进行颠倒,上下来回记为1次,以颗粒完全崩解的颠倒次数为崩解次数[3]
(5)悬浮率。按照GB/T 14825—2023[12]的方法进行测定。
(6)表面形貌分析。采用显微镜观察干悬浮剂颗粒的形貌。
(7)黏度。采用RVA快速黏度测定仪测定悬浮剂浆料黏度,测定温度为25 ℃,转速为60 r/min。
(8)稳定性分析。取喷雾前的悬浮剂浆料和喷雾后干悬浮剂复水得到的悬浮剂样品,装入2 mm PC测定管,用LUM稳定性分析仪测定悬浮剂的稳定性。参数设置:转速为1000 r/min,时间为1 h,温度为25 ℃。得到不稳定指数[13]
(9)赤霉酸质量分数。参照GB/T 28145—2011[14]的方法进行测定。流动相为甲醇∶磷酸水溶液为35∶65,流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长210 nm。
试验地点为陕西省安康市石泉县两河镇,以柑橘树为试验对象,开展3次田间药效试验。2023年4月16日第1次施药,为谢花80%左右全株喷施;2023年5月14日第2次施药,为第1次生理落果期全株喷施;2023年8月8日第3次施药,为第2次生理落果期全株喷施。3次均为晴天施药,喷施赤霉酸20~50 mg/L,用水量为1 L/株,每处理3个重复,每重复3株。以未施赤霉酸干悬浮剂处理的果树为对照。柑橘品种为贡桔,种植模式为单作,树龄为7年生,株行距为3.5 m×5.0 m。种植区为壤土,土壤pH为7,有机质含量为2%。在柑橘易发生病虫害期间,处理和对照均同步配合使用杀虫杀菌药剂防治病虫害,降低果树的损害以免影响试验效果,施药前防治果树病虫害1次。分别于谢花期、第1次生理落果期、第2次生理落果期检测生理指标,指标包括果实横径、果实纵径、果实厚度、单果重及可溶性固形物。统计第2次生理落果后的果实数和谢花80%后的果实数,按以下公式计算坐果率:坐果率=第2次生理落果后的果实数/谢花80%后的果实数×100%。
采用SPSS 26软件统计试验数据,多组数据采用单因素ANOVA检验的邓肯法进行显著性分析,2组数据之间采用独立样本T检验进行分析,采用Origin 2018软件制图。
湿法砂磨工艺过程中砂磨次数、砂磨速度和砂磨所用的氧化锆珠直径大小均影响悬浮剂的浆料性能。结果表明,固定砂磨次数为2次,砂磨速度为1500 r/min时,砂磨锆珠直径越小,悬浮剂的粒径越小(图1A)。直径较小的砂磨锆珠可以提供较大的砂磨表面积和较小的珠子间隙,故而物料的砂磨效率更高,浆料中的固体颗粒被粉碎得更充分。前人的研究也有类似结果,即用较小的锆珠制备的50%氟啶胺悬浮剂的粒径也较小[15]。考虑到浆料砂磨后可持续供料给压力喷雾干燥设备,粒径大的悬浮剂可能会较快出现沉淀而影响生产,故选择悬浮剂平均粒径小于5 µm的浆料。因此选择砂磨用氧化锆珠直径不大于1.0 mm为佳。
湿法砂磨的砂磨速度对悬浮剂浆料粒径的影响如图1B所示,结果表明,固定砂磨次数为2次,砂磨锆珠直径为1.0 mm时,浆料粒径随砂磨速度增大而减小,当砂磨速度大于1500 r/min时粒径小于5 µm。因此,选择砂磨速度大于1500 r/min较佳。
砂磨次数对悬浮剂浆料粒径的影响如图1C所示,结果表明,砂磨速度为2500 r/min,锆珠直径为1.0 mm时,砂磨次数越多,粒径越小。综合考虑悬浮剂浆料粒径大小和砂磨工艺的时间成本,选择砂磨次数为2~4次为佳。
赤霉酸的结构不稳定,在水溶液中会发生官能团重排或异构[16]。在含水环境会中出现含量损失,且温度升高导致赤霉酸的水解速率变快[17],故监测湿法砂磨工艺后赤霉酸的保留率很有必要。由表1可知,砂磨锆珠直径为0.3 mm时,赤霉酸有较大损失;砂磨转速越快,赤霉酸损失越大;砂磨次数增多也会导致赤霉酸损失增大。其原因可能是砂磨珠子过小时摩擦产生的热引起的局部高温环境导致赤霉酸降解加速,砂磨转速过快也会引起料液升温,砂磨次数过多使浆料温度升高同样导致赤霉酸保留率降低。根据砂磨后的赤霉酸保留率,砂磨锆珠直径宜选择大于0.6 mm,转速不超过2500 r/min,砂磨次数不超过4次。
压力喷雾干燥的悬浮剂浆料固形物含量控制在30%时,考察不同砂磨工艺得到的悬浮剂浆料的黏度,料液黏度过大时可能会在喷雾过程中液滴之间发生粘连,且黏度高的物料输送至喷雾塔顶部时耗能增加,黏度过高造成输送料液困难,如通过加水降低黏度则会降低固形物含量并增加输送料液体积且降低效率。由图2可知,当砂磨速度低于2500 r/min时,悬浮剂浆料的黏度随着砂磨速度增大而减小;砂磨2次的浆料黏度远远低于砂磨1次,砂磨4次后浆料的黏度反而上升。其原因可能是悬浮剂中的崩解剂-可溶性淀粉在砂磨4次后浆料局部温度升高使其中淀粉部分糊化导致体系黏度上升。HUBACZ等[18]发现淀粉浆料经过CTF装置热加工后,其表观黏度主要受到工艺温度的影响。综合考虑砂磨后的赤霉酸保留率、输送的料液黏度、粒径以及砂磨工艺的时间成本,选择砂磨速度2500 r/min,锆珠直径1.0 mm,砂磨2次,该工艺条件下,原药保留率约为93.5%,料液黏度为187 mPa/s,悬浮剂浆料平均粒径为3 µm左右。
根据砂磨后悬浮剂的黏度、粒径以及赤霉酸的保留率,得到最优砂磨工艺为:锆珠直径1.0 mm,砂磨速度2500 r/min,砂磨2次。砂磨后的浆料投入压力式喷雾干燥塔进行喷雾干燥得到赤霉酸干悬浮剂,其各项性能如下:赤霉酸的质量分数为3.05%;含量保留率大于90%;热贮稳定性合格;干悬浮剂入水后分散状态呈现雾状,无大颗粒沉降,无死粒子;水分含量为2.1%,且润湿速度快(10 s),崩解次数为6次,悬浮率高(92.3%),加水分散后测得的平均粒径为3.39 µm。用显微镜可观察到赤霉酸干悬浮剂的微观形貌为淡黄色球状颗粒,物理压碎后可见空心球囊结构(图3)。各项指标均表明制备的干悬浮剂性能合格。利用该工艺制备的干悬浮剂复水分散后测得的粒径与喷雾干燥前的悬浮剂平均粒径(2.29 µm)均小于5 µm。喷雾干燥工艺未增大悬浮剂的粒径,颗粒复水后的分散性仍较好。
通过测定悬浮剂和喷雾后的干悬浮剂复水后的粒径分布(图4),结果表明,悬浮剂浆料的粒径d3,2=2.29 µm,d4,3=4.03 µm;压力喷雾干燥后干悬浮剂加水混合后的粒径d3,2=3.39 µm,d4,3=5.46 µm。二者的粒径分布曲线均显示粒度分布为单峰,半数以上的粒子直径小于5 µm [DX(50)分别是3.38 µm和4.53 µm]。与双峰或多峰体系相比,粒剂为单峰分布的分散体系其物理稳定性通常更好[19]。因此,说明在该工艺条件制备的悬浮剂浆料和其喷雾干燥得到的干悬浮剂复水后的溶液均有较为集中、均匀且较小的粒径,可能预示2个分散体系的整体物理稳定性较佳。
通过监测料液的离心稳定性来考察悬浮剂浆料和干悬浮剂复水后的物理稳定性,即采用稳定分析仪测定悬浮剂的不稳定指数,不稳定指数越小则分散体系的稳定性越好。透过率曲线随时间变化的程度越小则样品的稳定性越好[20]。图中的红绿色表示先后扫描得到的透过率曲线,先扫描得到的透过率曲线显示为红色,后扫描得到的透过率曲线显示为绿色,红色和绿色(即所有的曲线)重合程度越高说明整个离心过程体系越稳定(未分层)。结果表明,悬浮剂体系在离心过程中均未出现明显的分层现象(图5A图5B),喷雾前后悬浮剂体系的不稳定指数分别为0.014和0.009,均远小于0.1,表明体系的稳定性良好[21]。喷雾前浆料良好的体系物理稳定性保证生产时浆料不分层,喷雾干燥过程不会因固形物沉淀而中断。干悬浮剂复水后良好的物理稳定性可以确保在稀释使用时料液短时间不出现分层,利于喷洒作业。
利用制备的3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂应用于柑橘田间试验,通过测定柑橘坐果率(表2)和生理指标(表3),结果表明,3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂处理的柑橘平均坐果率为8.7%,稍高于CK(6.7%)。张素英等[22]采用75%赤霉酸可溶性粉剂对沙糖橘进行保花保果试验,15 mg/L处理的坐果率比CK提高了2.05个百分点。赤霉酸是一种植物生长调节剂,可通过调节多种生长激素如生长素和脱落酸影响果实的成熟[23]。从柑橘果实的纵横比可知,柑橘果实接近圆形,3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂处理的果皮相较于CK更薄,单果重更重,可溶性固形物略有提高(表3)。HABIBI等[24]采用2,4-D和赤霉酸GA3处理柑橘后,可提高果实产量、增加果实直径、增加果皮厚度、增加总可溶性固形物,同时减少果实分裂。综合来看,3%赤霉酸干悬浮剂处理后柑橘果实更大,果皮更薄,单果更重,品相更好,提高了商品价值。
目前,国内赤霉酸的农药剂型主要是乳油,固体制剂产品主要集中在可溶性粉剂和可湿性粉剂。乳油含有大量有机溶剂对环境危害较大,粉剂的制备过程常会有大量粉尘,对生产工人的身心健康不友好。故开发水分散粒剂形式的赤霉酸干悬浮剂产品既不存在有机溶剂使用过多的问题,也无粉尘对工人健康的困扰。此外,赤霉酸的粒剂剂型尚缺失在柑橘树上的应用研究。
本研究从现有研究中较为缺失的赤霉酸干悬浮剂制备工艺过程开展,主要就赤霉酸压力式喷雾干燥前的湿法砂磨工艺进行优化选择。由悬浮剂粒径、黏度、赤霉酸含量保留率可知,砂磨所用锆珠直径选用1.0 mm,砂磨速度为2500 r/min,砂磨2次,制备的悬浮剂粒径小,黏度低且赤霉酸含量保留率高。而且砂磨氧化锆珠直径越小,砂磨速度越大,砂磨次数越多,浆料的粒径越小。其原因可能是珠子直径越小则与物料的研磨接触面积越大,研磨速度越大、次数越多则作用在物料颗粒的机械能越大,物料颗粒因物理碰撞而粒度减小[15]。然而需要综合考虑物料的黏度和活性物质的保留含量,如物料黏度太高不利于生产输送,对于在水溶液中结构不稳定且会因温度升高水解速率加快的活性物质则需监测含量保留率,因此湿法砂磨过程中的关键控制因素(砂磨珠的直径、砂磨速度、砂磨次数)均需优化选取以得到活性物质保留率高、物料性质稳定、加工成本合理的生产工艺流程。
喷雾前后悬浮剂的平均粒径均小于5 µm且相差不大,喷雾前后悬浮剂的离心稳定性均较好,不稳定性指数均远小于0.1(分别为0.014和0.009)。利用稳定性分析仪对喷雾干燥前的悬浮剂浆料进行测试,得到离心过程中悬浮剂的透光率随时间的变化情况可以判断测试体系的物理稳定性,对于短期生产过程中需要保持体系稳定(无沉淀和分层)的浆料可以通过稳定分析仪得出的不稳定性指数快速判断每批次生产的物料稳定性。对于需要长期放置的农药液体剂型,可以通过不稳定指数与试验样品的储藏货架期之间建立数据库以推测其他同类样品不同批次的货架期[25]
本研究得到的赤霉酸干悬浮剂各项性能均合格。入水后快速呈雾状散开,润湿时间短(10 s),悬浮率高(92.3%),水分低(2.1%),热贮后稳定性合格。赤霉酸干悬浮剂的田间试验结果表明,赤霉酸干悬浮剂处理比CK的坐果率更高(约高2个百分点),单果更重,果皮更薄,品相更好。祖超等[26]探究了喷施赤霉酸使胡椒增产的原因,结果表明,喷施赤霉酸可提高胡椒叶面积、促进叶片光合作用,有利于器官碳水化合物的增加,另外喷施赤霉素可以适度降低胡椒叶片海藻糖含量,提升淀粉合成酶活性,使淀粉累积,实现促花增产。后续研究可以从柑橘叶片、根茎的生长状态以及相关酶活性分析赤霉酸处理对果树增产的原因。代琳等[27]的研究表明,喷施外源赤霉酸与氨基酸钙通过影响果皮中不同类型的果胶含量增强抗裂果能力(水溶性果胶高、共价结合型和离子结合型果胶低,则容易裂果),从而显著降低柑橘裂果率,赤霉酸主要通过影响水溶性果胶、共价结合型果胶和纤维素的变化来预防裂果。果型指数越小,果型扁圆(即纵横径比为0.6~0.8),越容易裂果[28]。本研究中,处理和CK的果型品质好,为圆形或近圆形(纵横径比在0.8~0.9)。与常规乳油剂型相比,本制剂无有机溶剂,施药时对使用者和对环境的危害均更小;与固体片剂相比,本制剂施药前稀释能快速分散溶解、无需长时间搅拌;与液体的乳油或可溶液剂相比,固体的干悬浮剂剂型更方便运输和储存;与其他干法粉碎制备的水分散粒剂相比,本制备工艺生产环境无粉尘,生产过程更安全。而与乳油和可溶液剂相比,赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备需要砂磨机和喷雾干燥设备,故前期投入成本较高,生产工艺及其配方需优化调整,但是生产工艺确定后即可实现连续化无粉尘大规模生产。赤霉酸干悬浮剂的研发与生产将扩大植物生长调节剂的水分散粒剂产品形式,有望在农业生长调节剂领域替代部分乳油、可溶液剂和片剂产品剂型。
综上所述,本研究提供了一种赤霉酸干悬浮剂的制备工艺,系统研究了湿法砂磨过程中关键控制因素对悬浮剂浆料的影响;并将制备的赤霉酸干悬浮剂应用于柑橘保果田间试验中,为赤霉酸干悬浮剂的生产制备和田间应用提供理论和数据参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(31860452)
  • 吉安市科技计划项目(20211-025333)
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2024年第45卷第11期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.11.015
  • 接收时间:2024-06-07
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-07
  • 修回日期:2024-06-17
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国家自然科学基金项目(31860452)
吉安市科技计划项目(20211-025333)
作者信息
    1.江西新瑞丰生化股份有限公司,江西吉安 331300
    2.南昌大学食品学院,江西南昌 330047

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* 邹立强(ZOU Liqiang),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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