Article(id=1277255823088812652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1659369600000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-02, revisedDate=1669737600000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782451118490, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782451118490, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782451118490, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782451118490, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277255754218337268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1706112000000', pubDateStr='2024-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782451102069, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782451256326, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=134, endPage=143, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277255823374025326, articleId=1277255823088812652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Plastic Film Mulching Treatments on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Amorphophallus muelleri Intercropped in Rubber Plantations, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of different mulching treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves, soil physical properties and yield of Amorphophallus muelleri intercropped in rubber plantations. Seven treatments (silver film, black film, white film, straw mat, thickened black film, microporous black film and no mulch (CK) were set up in this experiment. Photosynthetic characteristics of A. muelleri leaves at the three stages of head changing, corm and maturity were measured and analyzed. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), electron transfer rate (ETR), physiological characteristics parameters including soluble protein (SP) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, chlorophyll (Chl) content, chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b). soil in situ physical properties including soil moisture comtent (SMC), soil conductivity (SC), soil temperature (ST), and underground corm yield of A. muelleri were assayed. The photosynthetic parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr and ETR) of A. muelleri leaves increased by different plastic film mulching treatments at the same period. Pn, Gs and Tr of straw mat treatment at the head changing stage and expansion stage were significantly higher than those of the other treatments (P<0.05), the amplitude of the other treatments fluctuated irregularly and there were significant differences among them. At the mature stage, SP and Chl of A. muelleri leaves under different treatments were significantly higher than those under the control in the same period, and there was no significant difference among all treatments. In the same period, the SS and Chl a/b of A. muelleri leaves under different treatments were slightly different. The SS of each treatment at the maturity stage was significantly higher than that of the control, and the SS of the control at the three stages was the lowest, while the Chl a/b of e plastic film treatment at the maturity stage was not significantly different from that of the control. In the same period, SMC and SC by different plastic films were higher than those of the control. The water retention effect of thickened black film treatment was the best, the SC of microporous black film treatment in the expansion stage and straw mat treatment in the maturity stage were significantly the highest, but there was no significant difference in SMC and SC among other treatments. Pn, Gs, Tr, ETR, SP, and Chl of the same mulch treatment at different stages were all in the following order: head changing stage>expansion stage>maturity stage, while the SS and Chl a/b of each treatment were in the following order: maturity stage>expansion stage>head changing stage. According to the results of correlation analysis between all indexes and yield, except ST and yield were negatively correlated, other indexes were positively correlated with yield. Compared with the control, different plastic film mulches increased the yield of A. muelleri. Black mulching, straw mat and thickened black mulching treatments significantly increased the yield, while white mulching and microporous black mulching treatments did not significantly increased the yield. Therefore, silver plastic film, black plastic film, straw mat and thickened black plastic film are suitable choices for A. muelleri to increase the production and efficiency in practical production.

, authors=Huifang YUAN1, 2, Xiangshuai YAN1, 2, Jinwei LI1, 2, Yaohua TIAN1, 2, *, authorsList=Huifang YUAN, Xiangshuai YAN, Jinwei LI, Yaohua TIAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yaohua TIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277255824108028532, articleId=1277255823088812652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=地膜覆盖对胶园间种珠芽黄魔芋光合生理特性及产量的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为了解不同地膜覆盖对胶园间种的珠芽黄魔芋(Amorphophallus muelleri)叶片光合生理特性、土壤物理性状及产量的影响,本研究设置银色地膜、黑色地膜、白色地膜、防草席、加厚黑色地膜、微孔黑色地膜和无覆盖(CK)共7个处理,测定分析魔芋换头期、膨大期和成熟期3个时期叶片的光合特性参数:净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、电子传递速率(ETR),生理特性参数:可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量、叶绿素(Chl)含量、叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b),土壤原位物理性状参数:土壤含水量(SMC)、土壤电导率(SC)、土壤温度(ST),并测定魔芋地下球茎产量的变化。结果表明:同一时期不同地膜覆盖处理均提高了魔芋叶片的光合参数(PnGsTr和ETR),换头期和膨大期防草席处理的PnGsTr均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),而其他处理间不规律上下变幅,其间有显著差异;除了成熟期,同一时期不同地膜覆盖处理魔芋叶片的SP和Chl均显著高于对照,各处理间无显著差异;同一时期不同处理魔芋叶片的SS和Chl a/b变化趋势稍有不同,成熟期各处理的SS均显著高于对照,3个时期对照的SS均最低,而成熟期地膜处理的Chl a/b较对照均无显著差异;同一时期不同地膜覆盖的SMC和SC均高于对照,加厚黑色地膜处理保水效果最好,膨大期微孔黑色地膜处理和成熟期防草席处理的SC均显著最高,其他处理间的SMC和SC无显著差异。同一地膜覆盖处理不同时期的PnGsTr、ETR、SP、和Chl均表现为换头期>膨大期>成熟期,而各处理的SS和Chl a/b表现为成熟期>膨大期>换头期。经所有指标和产量相关性分析的结果来看,除了ST与产量呈负相关外,其他指标与产量均呈正相关。不同地膜覆盖较对照均提高了珠芽黄魔芋产量,银色地膜、黑色地膜、防草席和加厚黑色地膜处理增产效果明显,而白色地膜和微孔黑色地膜处理增产不明显。因此,在实际生产中,采用银色地膜、黑色地膜、防草席和加厚黑色地膜都是魔芋增产增效的可行选择。

, authors=原慧芳1, 2, 岩香甩1, 2, 李金威1, 2, 田耀华1, 2, *, authorsList=原慧芳, 岩香甩, 李金威, 田耀华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=田耀华, authorNote=

原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:植物生理生态。

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* 田耀华(TIAN Yaohua),E-mail:
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原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:植物生理生态。

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原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:植物生理生态。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of different colored plastic film mulching and planting density on dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857882795577910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=54, issue=9, pageStart=1869, pageEnd=1880, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=73, authorNames=冯晨, 冯良山, 刘琪, 李昊儒, 郑家明, journalName=中国农业科学,中国农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=冯晨, 冯良山, 刘琪, 李昊儒, 郑家明. 辽西半干旱区不同类型地膜降解特性及其对魔芋产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,中国农业科学, 2021, 54(9): 1869-1880., articleTitle=辽西半干旱区不同类型地膜降解特性及其对魔芋产量的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857882866881079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=54, issue=9, pageStart=1869, pageEnd=1880, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=74, authorNames=FENG C, FENG L S, LIU Q, LI H R, ZHENG J M, journalName=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG C, FENG L S, LIU Q, LI H R, ZHENG J M. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=The degradation characteristics of different plastic films and their effects on maize yield in semi-arid area in Western Liaoning, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857882933989944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=46, issue=20, pageStart=4234, pageEnd=4245, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=75, authorNames=董朝阳, 杨晓光, 杨婕, 解文娟, 叶清, 赵锦, 李克南, journalName=中国农业科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董朝阳, 杨晓光, 杨婕, 解文娟, 叶清, 赵锦, 李克南. 中国北方地区春玉米干旱的时间演变特征和空间分布规律[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(20): 4234-4245., articleTitle=中国北方地区春玉米干旱的时间演变特征和空间分布规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857883009487417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=46, issue=20, pageStart=4234, pageEnd=4245, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=76, authorNames=DONG C Y, YANG X G, YANG J, XIE W J, YE Q, ZHAO J, LI K N, journalName=Scientia Agricultura Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG C Y, YANG X G, YANG J, XIE W J, YE Q, ZHAO J, LI K N. The temporal variation characteristics and spatial distribution laws of drought of Spring maize in northern china[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(20): 4234-4245. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The temporal variation characteristics and spatial distribution laws of drought of Spring maize in northern china, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857883080790586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=546, pageEnd=550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=77, authorNames=刘传和, 刘岩, 易干军, 钟云, 姜波, journalName=热带作物学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘传和, 刘岩, 易干军, 钟云, 姜波. 地膜覆盖对菠萝植株有关生理指标的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2008, 29(5): 546-550., articleTitle=地膜覆盖对菠萝植株有关生理指标的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1279857883168870971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=546, pageEnd=550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=78, authorNames=LIU C H, LIU Y, YI G J, ZHONG Y, JIANG B, journalName=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU C H, LIU Y, YI G J, ZHONG Y, JIANG B. Effects of plastic film mulching on several physiological indexes of pineapple plants[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2008, 29(5): 546-550. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of plastic film mulching on several physiological indexes of pineapple plants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1279857873874293226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, awardId=202104AR040005, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目(202104AR040005), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1279857873962373611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, awardId=RF2022-3, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省科研基本业务费热带作物科技创新专项资金项目(RF2022-3), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1279857874033676780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, awardId=202101BD070001-102, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202101BD070001-102), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1279857868912431542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857868920820151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, companyId=1279857868912431542, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857868933403064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, companyId=1279857868912431542, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100)]), AuthorCompany(id=1279857869000511929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857869008900538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, companyId=1279857869000511929, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1279857869013094843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, companyId=1279857869000511929, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1279857872548893150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of different plastic film mulching treatments on physiological characteristics of leaves of A. muelleri in three stages

The capital letters indicate significant difference in different stages (P<0.05); The lowercase letters indicate significant difference between different treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=wuz3qUfsS5v+GwEb3iH4Dw==, figureFileBig=MNcF5tMOulJL0+0puTF1dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857872628584927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同地膜覆盖处理对3个时期魔芋叶片生理特性的影响

不同大写字母表示不同时期间差异显著(P<0.05)),不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=wuz3qUfsS5v+GwEb3iH4Dw==, figureFileBig=MNcF5tMOulJL0+0puTF1dA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857872746025440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different plastic film mulching treatments on yield of underground corm of A. muelleri

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=atfzfA68dArKbGKUR0Qp5Q==, figureFileBig=z5ubxnyujEWPYcHb2gGldw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857872817328609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同地膜覆盖处理对魔芋地下球茎产量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=atfzfA68dArKbGKUR0Qp5Q==, figureFileBig=z5ubxnyujEWPYcHb2gGldw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857872901214690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Physical and chemical properties of soil foundation in experimental sites

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layerpH有机质OM/(g·kg–1)全氮TN/(g·kg–1)全磷TP/(g·kg–1)全钾TK/(g·kg–1)碱解氮AN/(mg·kg–1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg–1)有效钾AK/(mg·kg–1)
0~20 cm4.3421.271.860.4211.0488.0912.03212.16
20~40 cm4.2017.751.710.3912.2783.1210.25202.93
), ArticleFig(id=1279857872997683683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验地土壤基础理化性状

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
土层Soil layerpH有机质OM/(g·kg–1)全氮TN/(g·kg–1)全磷TP/(g·kg–1)全钾TK/(g·kg–1)碱解氮AN/(mg·kg–1)有效磷AP/(mg·kg–1)有效钾AK/(mg·kg–1)
0~20 cm4.3421.271.860.4211.0488.0912.03212.16
20~40 cm4.2017.751.710.3912.2783.1210.25202.93
), ArticleFig(id=1279857873102541284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of different film mulching treatments on photosynthetic characteristics of leaves of A. muelleri in three stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter处理Treatment换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturity stage
Pn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)T115.85±0.76Abc9.40±0.77Bbc8.47±0.59Ba
T215.16±0.44Ac10.52±0.81Bab7.66±0.64Ca
T317.50±0.63Aab9.22±0.77Bbc5.46±0.52Cb
T418.95±0.69Aa11.25±0.81Ba5.78±0.73Cb
T517.66±1.03Aab10.13±0.76Bab7.70±0.62Ca
T614.21±0.88Ac10.50±0.74Bab7.44±0.82Ca
CK11.83±0.93Ad8.08±0.71Bc4.60±0.64Cb
Gs/(mol·m-2·s-1)T10.14±0.01Ac0.12±0.02Bb0.11±0.01ABab
T20.16±0.01Abc0.13±0.02Bb0.12±0.01Bab
T30.14±0.01Ac0.13±0.02Ab0.13±0.01Aab
T40.21±0.01Aa0.17±0.02Ba0.15±0.02Ca
T50.17±0.01Ab0.14±0.02Bb0.13±0.02Bab
T60.14±0.01Ab0.13±0.02Ab0.14±0.01Aab
CK0.13±0.01Ac0.10±0.02Ab0.10±0.02Ab
Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)T11.80±0.14Abc1.73±0.18Aa1.12±0.14Bb
T21.99±0.12Ab1.68±0.19ABa1.36±0.15Bb
T32.02±0.14Ab1.45±0.18Ba1.38±0.12Bb
T42.41±0.14Aa1.94±0.19Ba1.73±0.16Ba
T52.01±0.14Ab1.87±0.16Aa1.21±0.14Bb
T61.87±0.12Ab1.95±0.17Aa1.26±0.17Bb
CK1.57±0.14Ac1.80±0.16Aa0.72±0.14Bc
Ci/(µmol·mol-1)T1182.79±34.60Bc201.68±26.33Ba265.25±27.05Abc
T2224.02±36.29Bab245.14±28.69Ba280.17±23.42Aabc
T3179.54±34.60Cc247.84±23.42Ba300.89±27.05Aa
T4228.51±36.29Ba265.53±31.83Aa254.50±27.83Ad
T5206±31.83Bb224.33±27.83Ba266.76±27.05Abc
T6235.50±33.13Ba212.87±27.05Ba285.71±23.93Aabc
CK228.45±31.83Ba223.40±31.96Ba295.68±27.85Aab
ETRT187.57±7.75Aab62.1±13.67Ba48.33±9.52Bab
T2102.77±21.60Aa64.63±23.45ABa49.6±12.65Bab
T373.27±17.48Ab67.3±10.74Aa70.53±20.97Aa
T486.20±19.19Aab80.53±15.62Aa65.27±25.51Aab
T572.2±10.24Ab61.4±15.50ABa38.77±6.60Bb
T678.47±5.78Aab53.59±8.40Ba48.23±17.45Bab
CK70.83±6.26Ab62.4±21.58Aa34.97±7.45Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1279857873211593189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同地膜覆盖处理对3个时期魔芋叶片光合特性的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter处理Treatment换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturity stage
Pn/(µmol·m-2·s-1)T115.85±0.76Abc9.40±0.77Bbc8.47±0.59Ba
T215.16±0.44Ac10.52±0.81Bab7.66±0.64Ca
T317.50±0.63Aab9.22±0.77Bbc5.46±0.52Cb
T418.95±0.69Aa11.25±0.81Ba5.78±0.73Cb
T517.66±1.03Aab10.13±0.76Bab7.70±0.62Ca
T614.21±0.88Ac10.50±0.74Bab7.44±0.82Ca
CK11.83±0.93Ad8.08±0.71Bc4.60±0.64Cb
Gs/(mol·m-2·s-1)T10.14±0.01Ac0.12±0.02Bb0.11±0.01ABab
T20.16±0.01Abc0.13±0.02Bb0.12±0.01Bab
T30.14±0.01Ac0.13±0.02Ab0.13±0.01Aab
T40.21±0.01Aa0.17±0.02Ba0.15±0.02Ca
T50.17±0.01Ab0.14±0.02Bb0.13±0.02Bab
T60.14±0.01Ab0.13±0.02Ab0.14±0.01Aab
CK0.13±0.01Ac0.10±0.02Ab0.10±0.02Ab
Tr/(mmol·m-2·s-1)T11.80±0.14Abc1.73±0.18Aa1.12±0.14Bb
T21.99±0.12Ab1.68±0.19ABa1.36±0.15Bb
T32.02±0.14Ab1.45±0.18Ba1.38±0.12Bb
T42.41±0.14Aa1.94±0.19Ba1.73±0.16Ba
T52.01±0.14Ab1.87±0.16Aa1.21±0.14Bb
T61.87±0.12Ab1.95±0.17Aa1.26±0.17Bb
CK1.57±0.14Ac1.80±0.16Aa0.72±0.14Bc
Ci/(µmol·mol-1)T1182.79±34.60Bc201.68±26.33Ba265.25±27.05Abc
T2224.02±36.29Bab245.14±28.69Ba280.17±23.42Aabc
T3179.54±34.60Cc247.84±23.42Ba300.89±27.05Aa
T4228.51±36.29Ba265.53±31.83Aa254.50±27.83Ad
T5206±31.83Bb224.33±27.83Ba266.76±27.05Abc
T6235.50±33.13Ba212.87±27.05Ba285.71±23.93Aabc
CK228.45±31.83Ba223.40±31.96Ba295.68±27.85Aab
ETRT187.57±7.75Aab62.1±13.67Ba48.33±9.52Bab
T2102.77±21.60Aa64.63±23.45ABa49.6±12.65Bab
T373.27±17.48Ab67.3±10.74Aa70.53±20.97Aa
T486.20±19.19Aab80.53±15.62Aa65.27±25.51Aab
T572.2±10.24Ab61.4±15.50ABa38.77±6.60Bb
T678.47±5.78Aab53.59±8.40Ba48.23±17.45Bab
CK70.83±6.26Ab62.4±21.58Aa34.97±7.45Bb
), ArticleFig(id=1279857873324839398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of different film mulching treatments on soil physical properties of A. muelleri in three stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter处理Treatment换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturity stage
土壤含水量/%T121.77±1.15Aab18.26±0.93Bbc18.64±0.37Ba
T223.77±1.97Aab17.76±1.26Bbc17.41±0.92Ba
T322.44±1.49Aab18.98±1.61Bbc18.76±1.78Ba
T422.60±1.92Aab18.69±1.96Bbc18.30±1.87Ba
T525.02±1.80Aa21.50±1.69Ba18.79±1.93Ca
T624.37±1.81Aab19.58±1.82Bab17.60±1.14Ca
CK19.90±1.66Ab13.46±0.83Bc12.40±1.46Bb
土壤电导率/%T1193.04±24.53Aa123.62±18.95Bab110.67±16.81Bab
T2230.81±35.03Aa122.82±16.85Bab118.33±16.45Bab
T3222.73±47.88Aa110.61±12.67Bb103.03±15.54Bb
T4210.38±32.73Aa131.88±16.87Bab136.79±13.12Ba
T5204.44±29.33Aa111.81±28.95Bb112.66±16.18Bab
T6180.84±17.73Aa151.54±16.85Ba115.36±16.45Bab
CK179.81±31.13Aa94.06±12.67Bb89.13±15.54Bb
土壤温度/℃T127.54±0.12Aab26.32±0.10Bb24.89±0.24Cab
T227.49±0.06Aab25.93±0.12Bbc24.45±0.24Bb
T327.67±0.10Aa25.71±0.21Bbc24.97±0.17Bab
T427.51±0.15Bab25.68±0.25Bc25.30±0.20Bab
T527.26±0.11Aab25.54±0.20Bc24.99±0.46Bab
T627.48±0.14Aab27.18±0.16Ba25.44±0.21Ba
CK27.11±0.07Ab27.34±0.25Aa25.53±0.27Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1279857873438085607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同地膜覆盖处理对3个时期魔芋土壤物理性状的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数Parameter处理Treatment换头期Head-changing stage膨大期Corm expansion stage成熟期Maturity stage
土壤含水量/%T121.77±1.15Aab18.26±0.93Bbc18.64±0.37Ba
T223.77±1.97Aab17.76±1.26Bbc17.41±0.92Ba
T322.44±1.49Aab18.98±1.61Bbc18.76±1.78Ba
T422.60±1.92Aab18.69±1.96Bbc18.30±1.87Ba
T525.02±1.80Aa21.50±1.69Ba18.79±1.93Ca
T624.37±1.81Aab19.58±1.82Bab17.60±1.14Ca
CK19.90±1.66Ab13.46±0.83Bc12.40±1.46Bb
土壤电导率/%T1193.04±24.53Aa123.62±18.95Bab110.67±16.81Bab
T2230.81±35.03Aa122.82±16.85Bab118.33±16.45Bab
T3222.73±47.88Aa110.61±12.67Bb103.03±15.54Bb
T4210.38±32.73Aa131.88±16.87Bab136.79±13.12Ba
T5204.44±29.33Aa111.81±28.95Bb112.66±16.18Bab
T6180.84±17.73Aa151.54±16.85Ba115.36±16.45Bab
CK179.81±31.13Aa94.06±12.67Bb89.13±15.54Bb
土壤温度/℃T127.54±0.12Aab26.32±0.10Bb24.89±0.24Cab
T227.49±0.06Aab25.93±0.12Bbc24.45±0.24Bb
T327.67±0.10Aa25.71±0.21Bbc24.97±0.17Bab
T427.51±0.15Bab25.68±0.25Bc25.30±0.20Bab
T527.26±0.11Aab25.54±0.20Bc24.99±0.46Bab
T627.48±0.14Aab27.18±0.16Ba25.44±0.21Ba
CK27.11±0.07Ab27.34±0.25Aa25.53±0.27Ba
), ArticleFig(id=1279857873538748904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Correlation analysis of photosynthetic indexes, soil physical properties and corm yield of A. muelleri

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数ParameterPnGsCiTrETRSPSSChlChl a/bSMSCST产量Yield
Pn10.595**0.774**0.698**0.701**0.812**–0.472*0.746**–0.500*0.711**0.869**0.793**0.218
Gs10.3890.531*0.2930.563**–0.610.590**–0.4230.588**0.452*0.3840.166
Ci10.510*0.706**0.687**–0.491*0.557**–0.497*0.579**0.806**0.754**0.026
Tr10.621**0.625**–0.629**0.664**–0.470*0.572*0.445*0.710**0.128
ETR10.563**–0.547*0.507*–0.450*0.623**0.635**0.609**0.188
SP1–0.579**0.825**–0.629**0.544*0.680*0.821*0.042
SS1–0.477*0.684**–0.127–0.217–0.650**0.174
Chl1–0.590**0.623**0.484*0.630**0.270
Chl a/b1–0.189–0.267–0.683**0.221
SM10.708**0.450*0.235
SC10.710**0.117
ST1–0.212
产量1
), ArticleFig(id=1279857873664578025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255823088812652, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

全周期珠芽黄魔芋光合生理指标、土壤物理性状与球茎产量相关性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数ParameterPnGsCiTrETRSPSSChlChl a/bSMSCST产量Yield
Pn10.595**0.774**0.698**0.701**0.812**–0.472*0.746**–0.500*0.711**0.869**0.793**0.218
Gs10.3890.531*0.2930.563**–0.610.590**–0.4230.588**0.452*0.3840.166
Ci10.510*0.706**0.687**–0.491*0.557**–0.497*0.579**0.806**0.754**0.026
Tr10.621**0.625**–0.629**0.664**–0.470*0.572*0.445*0.710**0.128
ETR10.563**–0.547*0.507*–0.450*0.623**0.635**0.609**0.188
SP1–0.579**0.825**–0.629**0.544*0.680*0.821*0.042
SS1–0.477*0.684**–0.127–0.217–0.650**0.174
Chl1–0.590**0.623**0.484*0.630**0.270
Chl a/b1–0.189–0.267–0.683**0.221
SM10.708**0.450*0.235
SC10.710**0.117
ST1–0.212
产量1
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地膜覆盖对胶园间种珠芽黄魔芋光合生理特性及产量的影响
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原慧芳 1, 2 , 岩香甩 1, 2 , 李金威 1, 2 , 田耀华 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(1): 134-143
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (1) : 134 -143
地膜覆盖对胶园间种珠芽黄魔芋光合生理特性及产量的影响
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原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:植物生理生态。

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原慧芳1, 2, 岩香甩1, 2, 李金威1, 2, 田耀华1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100
  • 2.云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100
通讯作者:
* 田耀华(TIAN Yaohua),E-mail:
作者简介:

原慧芳(1978—),女,硕士,副研究员,研究方向:植物生理生态。

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching Treatments on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Amorphophallus muelleri Intercropped in Rubber Plantations
Huifang YUAN1, 2, Xiangshuai YAN1, 2, Jinwei LI1, 2, Yaohua TIAN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
  • 2.Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong, Yunnan 666100, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.014
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为了解不同地膜覆盖对胶园间种的珠芽黄魔芋(Amorphophallus muelleri)叶片光合生理特性、土壤物理性状及产量的影响,本研究设置银色地膜、黑色地膜、白色地膜、防草席、加厚黑色地膜、微孔黑色地膜和无覆盖(CK)共7个处理,测定分析魔芋换头期、膨大期和成熟期3个时期叶片的光合特性参数:净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、电子传递速率(ETR),生理特性参数:可溶性蛋白(SP)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量、叶绿素(Chl)含量、叶绿素a/b(Chl a/b),土壤原位物理性状参数:土壤含水量(SMC)、土壤电导率(SC)、土壤温度(ST),并测定魔芋地下球茎产量的变化。结果表明:同一时期不同地膜覆盖处理均提高了魔芋叶片的光合参数(PnGsTr和ETR),换头期和膨大期防草席处理的PnGsTr均显著高于其他处理(P<0.05),而其他处理间不规律上下变幅,其间有显著差异;除了成熟期,同一时期不同地膜覆盖处理魔芋叶片的SP和Chl均显著高于对照,各处理间无显著差异;同一时期不同处理魔芋叶片的SS和Chl a/b变化趋势稍有不同,成熟期各处理的SS均显著高于对照,3个时期对照的SS均最低,而成熟期地膜处理的Chl a/b较对照均无显著差异;同一时期不同地膜覆盖的SMC和SC均高于对照,加厚黑色地膜处理保水效果最好,膨大期微孔黑色地膜处理和成熟期防草席处理的SC均显著最高,其他处理间的SMC和SC无显著差异。同一地膜覆盖处理不同时期的PnGsTr、ETR、SP、和Chl均表现为换头期>膨大期>成熟期,而各处理的SS和Chl a/b表现为成熟期>膨大期>换头期。经所有指标和产量相关性分析的结果来看,除了ST与产量呈负相关外,其他指标与产量均呈正相关。不同地膜覆盖较对照均提高了珠芽黄魔芋产量,银色地膜、黑色地膜、防草席和加厚黑色地膜处理增产效果明显,而白色地膜和微孔黑色地膜处理增产不明显。因此,在实际生产中,采用银色地膜、黑色地膜、防草席和加厚黑色地膜都是魔芋增产增效的可行选择。

地膜覆盖  /  珠芽黄魔芋  /  胶园  /  光合生理特性  /  产量

The aim of the study is to estimate the effects of different mulching treatments on the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves, soil physical properties and yield of Amorphophallus muelleri intercropped in rubber plantations. Seven treatments (silver film, black film, white film, straw mat, thickened black film, microporous black film and no mulch (CK) were set up in this experiment. Photosynthetic characteristics of A. muelleri leaves at the three stages of head changing, corm and maturity were measured and analyzed. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), electron transfer rate (ETR), physiological characteristics parameters including soluble protein (SP) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, chlorophyll (Chl) content, chlorophyll a/b (Chl a/b). soil in situ physical properties including soil moisture comtent (SMC), soil conductivity (SC), soil temperature (ST), and underground corm yield of A. muelleri were assayed. The photosynthetic parameters (Pn, Gs, Tr and ETR) of A. muelleri leaves increased by different plastic film mulching treatments at the same period. Pn, Gs and Tr of straw mat treatment at the head changing stage and expansion stage were significantly higher than those of the other treatments (P<0.05), the amplitude of the other treatments fluctuated irregularly and there were significant differences among them. At the mature stage, SP and Chl of A. muelleri leaves under different treatments were significantly higher than those under the control in the same period, and there was no significant difference among all treatments. In the same period, the SS and Chl a/b of A. muelleri leaves under different treatments were slightly different. The SS of each treatment at the maturity stage was significantly higher than that of the control, and the SS of the control at the three stages was the lowest, while the Chl a/b of e plastic film treatment at the maturity stage was not significantly different from that of the control. In the same period, SMC and SC by different plastic films were higher than those of the control. The water retention effect of thickened black film treatment was the best, the SC of microporous black film treatment in the expansion stage and straw mat treatment in the maturity stage were significantly the highest, but there was no significant difference in SMC and SC among other treatments. Pn, Gs, Tr, ETR, SP, and Chl of the same mulch treatment at different stages were all in the following order: head changing stage>expansion stage>maturity stage, while the SS and Chl a/b of each treatment were in the following order: maturity stage>expansion stage>head changing stage. According to the results of correlation analysis between all indexes and yield, except ST and yield were negatively correlated, other indexes were positively correlated with yield. Compared with the control, different plastic film mulches increased the yield of A. muelleri. Black mulching, straw mat and thickened black mulching treatments significantly increased the yield, while white mulching and microporous black mulching treatments did not significantly increased the yield. Therefore, silver plastic film, black plastic film, straw mat and thickened black plastic film are suitable choices for A. muelleri to increase the production and efficiency in practical production.

film mulching  /  A. muelleri  /  rubber plantations  /  physiological ecology  /  yield
原慧芳, 岩香甩, 李金威, 田耀华. 地膜覆盖对胶园间种珠芽黄魔芋光合生理特性及产量的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (1) : 134 -143 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.014
Huifang YUAN, Xiangshuai YAN, Jinwei LI, Yaohua TIAN. Effects of Plastic Film Mulching Treatments on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Amorphophallus muelleri Intercropped in Rubber Plantations[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (1) : 134 -143 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.014
目前,全世界魔芋(Konjac)精粉年需求量在20万t以上,短期内有望扩大3倍以上,但全球年总产不足5万t。随着魔芋精粉价格的不断提高和国内外需求的不断增加,我国西南地区农民种植魔芋的积极性日益高涨,魔芋产业已成为这一地区农村经济发展中最具竞争优势和发展潜力的特色产业之一[1-3]。目前,广泛种植于我国亚热带或暖温带的魔芋主要是花魔芋(Amorphophallus.konjac)和白魔芋(Amorphophallus albus),但这2个种易感染软腐病、白绢病和根腐病,多年连作导致减产甚至绝产[4]。而原生于我国西南边境及临近的南亚、东南亚国家的珠芽黄魔芋(Amorphophallus muelleri)类群具有抗病性强、生长速度快、耐热耐湿能力强、产量高、加工品质优良等优点[5-7]
近年来,天然橡胶价格持续低迷,植胶企业和农户生产积极性严重受挫,且生产中存在着单一种植产出效益低、生态服务功能弱等问题,以致胶农增收和国家天然橡胶生产保护区建设面临严峻挑战。若利用珠芽黄魔芋耐阴的生物学特性,把橡胶林作为天然的“遮阴”,省去了搭建遮阴网的成本投入,在橡胶林保护带间种珠芽黄魔芋,不仅能有效提高土地利用率和增加生物多样性,而且能增加胶园单位面积产出,进而调动胶农生产积极性。因此,珠芽黄魔芋是热区进一步巩固天然橡胶产业、发展林下经济的优良资源植物之一,推广应用前景十分广阔。
但珠芽黄魔芋生长期恰逢热区高温高湿季节,若采用传统无覆盖种植模式,易发生土壤板结、杂草滋生等问题,导致产量受损。有不少报道如玉米、花生、枣树等作物[8-10],采用不同地膜覆盖后达到增产的研究结论。关于橡胶林下间种魔芋的光合生理特性及产量变化的研究也有少量报道[11-13],但将不同材质地膜统一在同一试验样地上进行光合生理特性及产量的比较研究尚未涉及。而作物产量的高低依赖于光合效率大小和光合产物在源器官的积累与分配情况[14],往往植株叶片在生长中进行复杂的代谢活动,叶片的代谢活动中主要的调节者是各种酶,这些酶活性的高低决定叶片的生理代谢功能的强弱,而叶片中各种酶的活性可以用可溶性蛋白(SP)含量来反映。光合效率的高低和光合产物积累的多少可以用叶绿素(Chl)含量和可溶性糖(SS)含量高低来反映[15-16]。因此,本研究通过比较不同地膜覆盖处理下珠芽黄魔芋(以下简称“魔芋”)光合生理特性、土壤物理性状指标和产量的变化情况,拟筛选适宜的地膜类型,为热区魔芋增产增效的栽培技术提供理论依据和数据支撑。
试验地选择在云南省西双版纳州云南省热带作物科学研究所1985年定植的宽行密株(20 m×2 m)橡胶林下进行(22°00′49″N,100°45′51″E),该地海拔570 m,属于热带西南季风气候,一年中有明显的旱季(11月至次年4月)和雨季(5~10月)之分,年平均气温18.6~21.9 ℃,年平均降水量1200~1700 mm,年平均日照1800~ 2300 h,相对湿度80%~86%,≥10 ℃的年平均积温5062~ 8000 ℃,土壤基础理化性状见表1
试验以珠芽黄魔芋优势栽培种弥勒魔芋(A. muelleri)的叶面珠芽(规格为5 g/颗)为种植材料。采用随机区组设计,设置6个地膜覆盖材料处理:T1(银色地膜,厚0.01 mm)、T2(黑色地膜,厚0.01 mm)、T3(白色地膜,厚0.01 mm)、T4(防草席,厚0.02 mm)、T5(加厚黑色地膜,厚0.015 mm)、T6(微孔黑色地膜,厚0.01 mm),所有材料打孔规格一致,宽度均为120 cm,以无覆盖(CK)为对照,共7个处理。于2021年6月9日在橡胶林行间空地距离橡胶树种植行2.5 m进行平行起垄种植,以1.2 m宽的垄基起垄,垄面1 m,垄高30 cm,沟宽30 cm,共9垄,每垄长47 m;垄上种植按株行距20 cm×25 cm,深度10 cm双行播种。每处理300株,3次重复。每666.7 m2施复合肥50 kg(N∶P∶K=15∶10∶12)、有机肥1000 kg、钙镁磷肥50 kg、石灰50 kg。试验地田间其他管理措施均一致。
(1)光合特性。分别在换头期(7月)、膨大期(9月)、成熟期(11月)采用Li-6400便携式光合测定仪(LI-COR,USA)对主干顶蓬角度基本一致的健康叶片进行标记测定:净光合速率Pn[μmol/(m2·s)]、气孔导度Gs[mol/(m2·s)]、蒸腾速率Tr[mmol/(m2·s)]和胞间CO2浓度Ci(μmol/moL)。测定时使用开放气路,空气流速为500 μmol/s,叶温28 ℃,相对湿度70%,CO2浓度设定在400(μmol/moL),光强800[μmol/(m2·s)],每处理选3株,3~5次重复。测定时间为晴天上午8:30—12:00。(2)叶绿素荧光。采用PAM-2500便携式荧光仪(WALZ,DEU)对以上标记的健康叶进行光合电子传递速率(ETR)测定。每次测定前首先将叶片暗适应20 min后,测定时间为晴天上午8:30—12:00。(3)生理特性。早上8:30对各处理标记好的健康叶片剪至冰壶的密封袋中,迅速带回室内进行测定。SP含量采用考马斯亮蓝法,SS含量采用蒽酮比色法,Chl含量测定采用直接浸提法[17]。(4)土壤物理性状。采用野外便携式速测仪(HH2+ WET-2型,Delta-T Devices Ltd.,Cambridge,UK)对各处理土壤原位测定土壤含水量(SWC)、土壤电导率(SC)和土壤温度(ST)3个参数。(5)球茎产量。于12月份魔芋倒苗2周后,将魔芋地下球茎挖出,每处理选20株进行称重,3次重复,最后统计平均值。
采用SPSS 19.0软件对试验数据进行统计分析。以单双因素方差(ANOVA)分析不同处理的各项参数,以Duncan’s法进行方差多重比较(P<0.05)。使用Sigmaplot 10.0软件完成绘图。
不同地膜覆盖处理对3个时期魔芋叶片光合特性的影响见表2。同一时期不同处理魔芋叶片的PnGsTr和ETR均高于CK,换头期和膨大期T4处理的Pn均显著最高(P<0.05),较CK分别提高了60%和39%,除了膨大期T1和T3处理的Pn较CK无显著差异外,其他处理的Pn均显著高于CK,其间无显著差异。成熟期T1处理的Pn显著最高,较CK提高了84%,其次T2、T5和T6处理显著高于CK,C和T4处理较CK均无显著差异。同一时期T4处理的Gs均显著最高,各时期较CK分别提高了61%、70%、50%,其次是T5处理,其他处理间无显著差异。同一时期T4处理的Tr均显著最高,各时期较CK分别提高了53%、7%、140%,其中膨大期不同处理间无显著差异。同一时期不同处理的Ci变化趋势不一,换头期T6处理的Ci最高,较CK提高了3%,其间无显著差异,而T3和T1均显著低于CK的20%。膨大期不同处理间的Ci无显著差异。成熟期T3处理的Ci显著最高,而T4处理的Ci显著最低,其他处理间不规律变幅,但其间无显著差异。同一时期不同处理的ETR变化趋势不一,换头期T2处理的ETR显著最高,较CK提高了46%。膨大期各处理的ETR不规律变幅,其间无显著差异。成熟期T3处理的ETR显著最高,较CK提高了50%,其他处理间无显著差异;同一处理不同时期间魔芋叶片的PnGsTr、ETR变化趋势基本一致,均为换头期显著最高,其次为膨大期,成熟期最低。综合比较各参数来看,不同地膜覆盖处理的高低顺序依次表现为:T4>T5>T1>T2>T6>T3>CK。
不同地膜覆盖处理对3个时期魔芋叶片生理特性的影响见图1。换头期和膨大期各处理魔芋叶片的SP和Chl均高于CK,换头期T2、T4和T6处理的SP显著高于CK,分别提高了35%、36%和35%,而T1、T3和T5处理的SP较CK无显著差异。膨大期T6处理的SP显著高于C和CK,其他处理较CK无显著差异。除了换头期T5处理的Chl显著高于CK外,其他处理较CK无显著差异。膨大期T3处理的Chl较CK无显著差异,而其他处理均显著高于CK,成熟期T1处理的Chl显著最高,较CK提高了48%,其他处理的Chl不规律变幅,其间无显著差异。同一时期不同处理魔芋叶片的SS与Chl a/b变化趋势稍有不同,除了3个时期CK的SS均最低外,其他处理的SS均为成熟期显著最高,而换头期各处理的SS间无显著差异。膨大期T5处理的SS显著高于T3处理,其他处理间无显著差异。换头期T6处理的Chl a/b显著高于T5处理外,其他处理间的Chl a/b无显著差异。3个时期各处理的Chl a/b均为成熟期显著高于其他2个时期。同一处理不同时期间魔芋叶片的SP、SS、Chl和Chl a/b变化趋势不一,各处理的Chl和SP均为换头期最高,其次为膨大期,成熟期明显最低。而各处理的SS和Chl a/b为成熟期显著最高,而换头期和膨大期间的SS无显著差异。
不同地膜覆盖处理对3个时期魔芋土壤原位物理性状的影响见表3。同一时期不同地膜覆盖处理的SMC、SC和ST变化趋势不一,各处理的SMC均高于CK,3个时期T5处理的SMC均显著高于CK,分别提高了25%、59%和51%,其他处理3个时期不规律上下变幅,其间无显著差异。换头期不同处理的SC均高于CK,但其间无显著差异。膨大期T6处理和成熟期T4处理的SC均明显最高,较CK分别提高了61%和53%,其他处理间的SC无显著差异。不同地膜覆盖处理的ST在3个时期变化趋势不一,换头期T3处理的ST显著高于CK,膨大期和成熟期F、CK处理的ST最高,其他处理间也有小幅度变化,但无显著差异。同一处理不同时期间魔芋叶片的SMC、SC和ST变化趋势基本一致,均为换头期显著最高,其次为膨大期,成熟期最低。
不同地膜覆盖处理对魔芋球茎产量的影响见图2,不同处理的产量均高于CK,CK球茎平均重为80 g,T1、T2、T3和T5处理的球茎平均重均显著高于CK,分别为153、145、138、127 g,较CK分别提高了92%、81%、73%和58%,但其间无显著差异。C和T6处理的平均重与CK均无显著差异,分别为111 g和92 g,较CK分别提高了39%和15%,其间无显著差异。可见,不同地膜覆盖处理均提高了魔芋产量,而T1、T2、T4和T5处理的增产效果较明显,不同地膜覆盖处理地下球茎平均重量高低顺序依次为T1>T2>T4>T5>T3>T6>CK。
将不同地膜覆盖处理下魔芋3个时期光合生理指标、土壤物理性状与球茎产量进行相关性分析,结果可见表4,SS和Chl a/b间呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),SS、Chl a/b与Gs间均无显著差异,但与其他指标呈显著负相关。魔芋3个时期的SS和ST、Chl a/b和ST间呈极显著负相关,GsCi、SS和SM、Chl a/b和SM、Chl a/b和SC间无显著相关外,其他指标之间呈显著或极显著相关。但所有指标与球茎产量均未达到显著相关。
光合作用是植物生长发育的基础,光合作用强弱反映了光合产物转化多少进而影响作物最终的产量[18-19]。本研究发现,不同地膜覆盖处理均提高了魔芋叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和电子传递速率,在一定程度上降低了胞间二氧化碳浓度,有效增强了光合作用,与白魔芋、芋艿和油菜[20-22]等作物地膜覆盖的研究结论相类似。这表明地膜覆盖处理可促进魔芋叶片光合作用利用的CO2增多,生长代谢增强,进而提高叶片光合速率。随着魔芋生长期的推进,各处理的光合参数呈下降趋势,且3个时期间有显著差异。从不同地膜覆盖处理的光合参数相比较来看,防草席处理的光合速率明显最高,这可能因为防草席的透气效果最明显,加快了气体交换速度,进而显著增强了叶片的光合作用,与石艳艳等[23]研究中渗水和麻纤维地膜的通气特性明显改善了土壤环境条件,进而促进了光合产物形成的结论类似。而其他地膜处理间的光合参数变化不明显,这可能与其透气性相类似有关。一般植物生理状况、光合能力、光合产物积累分配等的高低变化,均直接影响了作物的产量[24-25]。本研究发现,换头期和膨大期不同地膜覆盖处理魔芋叶片的可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量均高于对照。各处理魔芋叶片的可溶性糖和叶绿素a/b变化趋势稍有不同,成熟期各处理的可溶性糖显著高于对照,而叶绿素a/b较对照无显著差异,但成熟期各处理的可溶性糖和叶绿素a/b均高于换头期和膨大期。可见,随着魔芋生长期的推进,各处理的可溶性蛋白和叶绿素含量逐渐降低,而可溶性糖和叶绿素a/b升高。与前人学者[26-28]研究结果相类似,这暗示着换头期和膨大期魔芋叶片的氮素吸收与同化利用过程较旺盛,使得魔芋生长与物质转化速度加快,而在成熟期代谢速度降低,魔芋地上部分生长逐渐停滞,进而积累了大量光合产物。总之,不同地膜覆盖处理均促进了魔芋叶片的生理代谢活动,进而提高了魔芋叶片光合产物的分配。
地膜覆盖可以降低土壤水分蒸发,提高土壤含水量,改善土壤温度状况,促进植株生长进而提高作物产量[29-31]。本研究发现,不同地膜覆盖处理均提高了土壤含水量和土壤电导率,加厚黑色地膜处理的土壤含水量在全周期均最高,这可能由于地膜材质偏厚保水性更强,明显抑制了水分和热量从地表向大气的散失[32]。膨大期微孔地膜处理和成熟期防草席处理的土壤电导率均最高,这可能由于两种材质地膜均具有透气的特性,使土壤中的盐分随着土壤水分蒸发的升高迁移至土壤表层,进而土壤电导率呈现增加趋势。而其他地膜材质均具有与外界空气阻断的特点,致使其处理间无显著差异。不同地膜覆盖处理的土壤温度在3个时期变化趋势不一,换头期白膜处理的土壤温度最高,膨大期和成熟期微孔地膜和对照处理的土壤温度最高,其他处理间无显著差异。这可能是因为换头期魔芋植株矮小,白色地膜透光强,进而增温效果也最明显,与多个学者[33-35]研究中白膜增温作用大于黑色地膜的结论相似,而在膨大期和成熟期时植株遮光强后引起土壤温度降低。无覆盖的对照在膨大期和成熟期的土壤温度均最高,这可能是与当地气温和土壤含水量的变化趋势相一致原因所致。
经不同地膜覆盖处理魔芋叶片的光合生理指标、土壤物理性状与地下球茎产量的相关性分析发现,除了土壤温度与产量呈负相关外,其他指标与产量均呈正相关,但未达到显著相关。经济作物的主要价值直接由产量体现[36-38]。本研究发现,不同地膜覆盖处理较对照均提高了魔芋产量,银色地膜、黑色地膜、防草席、加厚黑色地膜处理的增产效果显著,而白色地膜和微孔地膜增产效果不明显,这与前人的研究结论相似,可能是由于白色地膜透光性强、地温升高迅速,植株生长过快,生育期缩短,导致产量降低;另一方面白色地膜容易引起作物生长前期土壤水分和养分损耗严重,后期脱水脱肥,致使作物产量降低[39-40]。关于微孔地膜增产不明显,可能由于试验布置中微孔地膜处理均距离橡胶树最近,水肥竞争导致减产。研究结果可见,不同覆盖处理均明显调控了珠芽黄魔芋自身的光合特性、生理特性和土壤物理性状,而这些因素又进一步决定了珠芽黄魔芋产量高低,在魔芋实际生产中,采用银色地膜、黑色地膜、防草席和加厚黑色地膜都是魔芋增产增效的可行选择。
  • 云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目(202104AR040005)
  • 云南省科研基本业务费热带作物科技创新专项资金项目(RF2022-3)
  • 云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202101BD070001-102)
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2024年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.014
  • 接收时间:2022-08-02
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-02
  • 修回日期:2022-11-30
基金
云南省创新引导与科技型企业培育计划项目(202104AR040005)
云南省科研基本业务费热带作物科技创新专项资金项目(RF2022-3)
云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202101BD070001-102)
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    1.云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪 666100
    2.云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪 666100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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