Article(id=1277255777450595108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1667145600000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-31, revisedDate=1668528000000, revisedDateStr=2022-11-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782451107609, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782451107609, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782451107609, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782451107609, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277255754218337268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1706112000000', pubDateStr='2024-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782451102069, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782451256326, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277256402011816134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277255754218337268, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=68, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277255777882608422, articleId=1277255777450595108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Field Propagation of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlings, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study was conducted to explore the cumulative demand of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in disease-free sugarcane original seedlings, and provide reference for the nutrient management in the process of field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. The growth of the disease-free sugarcane original seedlings of Zhongtang No. 1 in 2020 and 2021 was investigated, and the biomass and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in roots, stems and leaves at various growth stages were determined for further analysis of the accumulation, phase absorption and daily absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It took 6 to 7 months for disease-free sugarcane original seedlings to reach 15 stem nodes from temporary planting of seedlings to the best harvest of seed canes. From July, August to late September (stem 1 to 2), the growth of sugarcane stems was the fastest. The cumulative increase of dry matter was the fastest in stem 4 (late October to late November), and this is the key stage of biomass accumulation. During the whole growth period of the disease-free sugarcane original seedlings, the content and accumulation of each element from high to low were potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus. Among the organs of roots, stems and leaves, leaves and stems always had higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was mainly stored in the leaves before the stem elongation stage 1, and then mainly stored in the stems. The nutrient uptake rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the seedling stage and tillering stage was 24.84%, 26.18% and 27.74%, respectively, and it was 55.54%, 58.61% and 52.30% at the stem 1 to 3 (late July to late October), while 19.62%, 15.20% and 19.96% during stem 4 and 5 (late October to late December). Reasonable fertilization can be carried out according to the phase absorption of each element, thereby improving the quality and economic benefits of disease-free sugarcane seedlings production. The demands of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the breeding process of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings were clarified, which would provide a reference for the scientific and reasonable fertilization in large-scale field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings in the future, and improving the efficiency of the propagation and nutrient utilization of disease-free original seedlings.

, authors=Shuting JIANG1, 4, Lishun PENG1, 2, 4, Benpeng YANG1, 2, 4, *, Zhengying CAO1, 4, Xue YANG3, authorsList=Shuting JIANG, Lishun PENG, Benpeng YANG, Zhengying CAO, Xue YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Benpeng YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277255779384169264, articleId=1277255777450595108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中氮、磷、钾营养元素的吸收及累积特征, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探讨甘蔗脱毒原种苗不同生长时期氮、磷、钾营养元素的累积需求状况,为甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育栽培过程中养分管理提供参考。试验分别在2020、2021年进行,调查中糖1号甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期生长情况,测定其生物量及其在各生育阶段根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾各营养元素的含量,并分析氮、磷、钾的累积量、阶段吸收量、日吸收速率。结果表明:甘蔗脱毒原种苗从种苗假植到种茎最佳收获时需6—7个月可达15茎节,在7、8月至9月下旬(茎1期至茎2期)蔗茎生长速度最快,以茎4期(10月下旬至11月下旬)干物质量累积增加最快,此阶段为生物量累积的关键阶段。在甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期中各元素含量及累积量从高到低依次为钾>氮>磷,在根茎叶各器官中蔗叶、蔗茎始终为氮、磷、钾含量相对较高的器官,氮、磷、钾累积量在茎伸长生长1期前主要贮存于蔗叶中,而后以蔗茎为新的主要贮存器官。甘蔗对氮、磷、钾的吸收比例在苗期和分蘖期分别为24.84%、26.18%、27.74%,在茎1~3期(7月下旬至10月下旬)分别为55.54%、58.61%、52.30%,茎4、5期(10月下旬至12月下旬)分别为19.62%、15.20%、19.96%。因此,可根据各元素的阶段吸收量进行合理施肥,进而提高甘蔗脱毒健康种苗的品质和经济效益。试验明确了甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长过程中对氮、磷、钾的需求状况,可为今后甘蔗脱毒健康种苗田间规模化繁育生产的科学合理施肥提供依据,提高脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率和养分资源利用效率。

, authors=蒋淑停1, 4, 彭李顺1, 2, 4, 杨本鹏1, 2, 4, *, 曹峥英1, 4, 杨学3, authorsList=蒋淑停, 彭李顺, 杨本鹏, 曹峥英, 杨学, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=杨本鹏, authorNote=

蒋淑停(1993—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

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* 杨本鹏(YANG Benpeng),E-mail:
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4.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1279857774284747685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, authorId=1279857774112781217, language=CN, stringName=蒋淑停, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 4, address=1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/农业农村部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南海口 571101
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蒋淑停(1993—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

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蒋淑停(1993—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Changes of nitrogen accumulation in roots, stems and leaves of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings

Different lowercase letters on the same broken line indicate significant difference in different periods (P < 0.05).

, figureFileSmall=8VviTfhve/3sQup3F4Adhw==, figureFileBig=ba3PicNM5viEAgxednLj4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857778235782092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=CN, label=图2, caption=甘蔗脱毒原种苗根、茎、叶中氮累积量变化

同一折线上不同小写字母表示不同时期间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=8VviTfhve/3sQup3F4Adhw==, figureFileBig=ba3PicNM5viEAgxednLj4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857778298696653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Changes of phosphorus accumulation in roots, stems and leaves of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings, figureFileSmall=Mr+06z9rhW638/bSTP0WrQ==, figureFileBig=OoZX/EZMXwBgCQasyAymIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857778390971342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=CN, label=图3, caption=甘蔗脱毒原种苗根、茎、叶中磷累积量变化

同一折线上不同小写字母表示不同时期间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Mr+06z9rhW638/bSTP0WrQ==, figureFileBig=OoZX/EZMXwBgCQasyAymIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857778470663119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Changes of potassium accumulation in roots, stems and leaves of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings

Different lowercase letters on the same broken line indicate significant difference in different periods (P < 0.05).

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同一折线上不同小写字母表示不同时期间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ZT8HSMSQkkAQEdIRpeA6mA==, figureFileBig=dsmPYSGBCFrrWrsSdC2HXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1279857778604880849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Growth status of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings at different stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长发育阶段Growth stage日期Date茎节数Stem node number株高Plant height/cm
202020212020202120202021
假植06-15~07-1006-03~06-28////
苗期07-10~07-2006-28~07-08//19.40g19.33g
分蘖期07-20~07-3107-08~07-19//47.73f49.67f
茎1期07-31~08-3107-19~08-194388.77e96.00e
茎2期08-31~09-3008-19~09-1887119.33d111.33d
茎3期09-30~10-3109-18~10-191110128.54c149.33c
茎4期10-31~11-3010-19~11-181313153.00b161.00b
茎5期11-30~12-3111-18~12-191515169.63a174.67a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857778688766930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

甘蔗脱毒原种苗不同时期生长状况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长发育阶段Growth stage日期Date茎节数Stem node number株高Plant height/cm
202020212020202120202021
假植06-15~07-1006-03~06-28////
苗期07-10~07-2006-28~07-08//19.40g19.33g
分蘖期07-20~07-3107-08~07-19//47.73f49.67f
茎1期07-31~08-3107-19~08-194388.77e96.00e
茎2期08-31~09-3008-19~09-1887119.33d111.33d
茎3期09-30~10-3109-18~10-191110128.54c149.33c
茎4期10-31~11-3010-19~11-181313153.00b161.00b
茎5期11-30~12-3111-18~12-191515169.63a174.67a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857778764264403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Dry matter weight and proportion of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings at different growth stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长期Growth stage干物质量Dry matter mass/(g·plant-1)占比Proportion/%
2020202120202021
苗期6.08g8.60g0.41g0.55g
分蘖期51.03f79.26f3.48f5.03f
茎1期107.09e122.18e7.30e7.76e
茎2期196.23d219.14d13.37d13.92d
茎3期255.78c268.82c17.43c17.07c
茎4期399.28b403.64b27.20b25.64b
茎5期452.21a472.90a30.81a30.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857778852344788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

甘蔗脱毒原种苗不同生长期干物质量及比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长期Growth stage干物质量Dry matter mass/(g·plant-1)占比Proportion/%
2020202120202021
苗期6.08g8.60g0.41g0.55g
分蘖期51.03f79.26f3.48f5.03f
茎1期107.09e122.18e7.30e7.76e
茎2期196.23d219.14d13.37d13.92d
茎3期255.78c268.82c17.43c17.07c
茎4期399.28b403.64b27.20b25.64b
茎5期452.21a472.90a30.81a30.03a
), ArticleFig(id=1279857778948813781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Changes in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in disease-free sugarcane original seedlings at different growth stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长发育阶段Growth stage氮含量Nitrogen content磷含量Phosphorus content钾含量Potassium content
202020212020202120202021
苗期29.53e33.46e6.52f7.18e29.46d27.27f
分蘖期41.48a52.33a11.15a12.48a48.19a49.85a
茎1期37.75b46.98b10.43b10.51b43.68b48.97a
茎2期35.51c42.82c9.64c9.31c36.03c42.61b
茎3期31.85d38.11d9.16d8.46d30.45d38.07c
茎4期23.82f28.44f7.28e7.12e23.64e34.28d
茎5期23.74f29.11f6.40f7.09e21.11f29.97e
), ArticleFig(id=1279857779028505558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

甘蔗脱毒原种苗不同生育期氮、磷、钾含量变化

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长发育阶段Growth stage氮含量Nitrogen content磷含量Phosphorus content钾含量Potassium content
202020212020202120202021
苗期29.53e33.46e6.52f7.18e29.46d27.27f
分蘖期41.48a52.33a11.15a12.48a48.19a49.85a
茎1期37.75b46.98b10.43b10.51b43.68b48.97a
茎2期35.51c42.82c9.64c9.31c36.03c42.61b
茎3期31.85d38.11d9.16d8.46d30.45d38.07c
茎4期23.82f28.44f7.28e7.12e23.64e34.28d
茎5期23.74f29.11f6.40f7.09e21.11f29.97e
), ArticleFig(id=1279857779124974551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Phase absorption amount and daily absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at different growth stages of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长发育阶段Growth stage阶段吸收量Phase absorption amount/(mg·kg-1)日吸收速率Daily absorption rate/[mg·(plant·d)-1]
NP2O5K2ONP2O5K2O
202020212020202120202021202020212020202120202021
苗期114.62d197.69d24.46c48.99d104.69d159.76f11.46e19.77cd2.45d4.90cd10.47d15.98e
分蘖期648.96bc1531.31a203.45b374.09a801.70b1571.52a59.00a139.21a18.50a34.01a72.88a142.87a
茎1期712.15b581.90bc217.55b111.16cd838.03b745.32d22.97c18.77cd7.02c3.59d27.03c24.04d
茎2期1187.88a1518.42a317.59a364.31b1117.94a1366.23b39.60b50.61b10.59b9.79b37.26b45.54b
茎3期552.11b759.81b200.16b225.27b394.13c336.18e17.81d24.51c6.46c7.27bc12.71d10.84f
茎4期565.15bc549.83c188.68b129.66c759.55b957.67c18.84cd18.33cd6.29c4.32d25.32c31.92c
茎5期335.37c414.22c21.50c30.80d70.57d61.97f10.82e13.36d0.69d3.27d2.28e2.00g
), ArticleFig(id=1279857779204666328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277255777450595108, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

甘蔗脱毒原种苗不同生育时期氮、磷、钾的阶段吸收量和日吸收速率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生长发育阶段Growth stage阶段吸收量Phase absorption amount/(mg·kg-1)日吸收速率Daily absorption rate/[mg·(plant·d)-1]
NP2O5K2ONP2O5K2O
202020212020202120202021202020212020202120202021
苗期114.62d197.69d24.46c48.99d104.69d159.76f11.46e19.77cd2.45d4.90cd10.47d15.98e
分蘖期648.96bc1531.31a203.45b374.09a801.70b1571.52a59.00a139.21a18.50a34.01a72.88a142.87a
茎1期712.15b581.90bc217.55b111.16cd838.03b745.32d22.97c18.77cd7.02c3.59d27.03c24.04d
茎2期1187.88a1518.42a317.59a364.31b1117.94a1366.23b39.60b50.61b10.59b9.79b37.26b45.54b
茎3期552.11b759.81b200.16b225.27b394.13c336.18e17.81d24.51c6.46c7.27bc12.71d10.84f
茎4期565.15bc549.83c188.68b129.66c759.55b957.67c18.84cd18.33cd6.29c4.32d25.32c31.92c
茎5期335.37c414.22c21.50c30.80d70.57d61.97f10.82e13.36d0.69d3.27d2.28e2.00g
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甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中氮、磷、钾营养元素的吸收及累积特征
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蒋淑停 1, 4 , 彭李顺 1, 2, 4 , 杨本鹏 1, 2, 4, * , 曹峥英 1, 4 , 杨学 3
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2024,45(1): 68-76
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2024 , 45 (1) : 68 -76
甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中氮、磷、钾营养元素的吸收及累积特征
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蒋淑停1, 4, 彭李顺1, 2, 4, 杨本鹏1, 2, 4, * , 曹峥英1, 4, 杨学3
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/农业农村部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南海口 571101
  • 2.广西热带农业科学研究院,广西崇左 532199
  • 3.广西久洋禾农业科技有限公司,广西崇左 532199
  • 4.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024
通讯作者:
* 杨本鹏(YANG Benpeng),E-mail:
作者简介:

蒋淑停(1993—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:甘蔗栽培生理。

Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Field Propagation of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlings
Shuting JIANG1, 4, Lishun PENG1, 2, 4, Benpeng YANG1, 2, 4, * , Zhengying CAO1, 4, Xue YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs / National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.Guangxi Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Chongzuo, Guangxi 532199, China
  • 3.Guangxi Jiuyanghe Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Chongzuo, Guangxi 532199, China
  • 4.Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.008
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探讨甘蔗脱毒原种苗不同生长时期氮、磷、钾营养元素的累积需求状况,为甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育栽培过程中养分管理提供参考。试验分别在2020、2021年进行,调查中糖1号甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期生长情况,测定其生物量及其在各生育阶段根、茎、叶中氮、磷、钾各营养元素的含量,并分析氮、磷、钾的累积量、阶段吸收量、日吸收速率。结果表明:甘蔗脱毒原种苗从种苗假植到种茎最佳收获时需6—7个月可达15茎节,在7、8月至9月下旬(茎1期至茎2期)蔗茎生长速度最快,以茎4期(10月下旬至11月下旬)干物质量累积增加最快,此阶段为生物量累积的关键阶段。在甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期中各元素含量及累积量从高到低依次为钾>氮>磷,在根茎叶各器官中蔗叶、蔗茎始终为氮、磷、钾含量相对较高的器官,氮、磷、钾累积量在茎伸长生长1期前主要贮存于蔗叶中,而后以蔗茎为新的主要贮存器官。甘蔗对氮、磷、钾的吸收比例在苗期和分蘖期分别为24.84%、26.18%、27.74%,在茎1~3期(7月下旬至10月下旬)分别为55.54%、58.61%、52.30%,茎4、5期(10月下旬至12月下旬)分别为19.62%、15.20%、19.96%。因此,可根据各元素的阶段吸收量进行合理施肥,进而提高甘蔗脱毒健康种苗的品质和经济效益。试验明确了甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长过程中对氮、磷、钾的需求状况,可为今后甘蔗脱毒健康种苗田间规模化繁育生产的科学合理施肥提供依据,提高脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率和养分资源利用效率。

甘蔗  /  脱毒健康原种苗  /  氮、磷、钾养分  /  大量元素  /  养分需求状况

This study was conducted to explore the cumulative demand of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in disease-free sugarcane original seedlings, and provide reference for the nutrient management in the process of field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings. The growth of the disease-free sugarcane original seedlings of Zhongtang No. 1 in 2020 and 2021 was investigated, and the biomass and contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in roots, stems and leaves at various growth stages were determined for further analysis of the accumulation, phase absorption and daily absorption rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It took 6 to 7 months for disease-free sugarcane original seedlings to reach 15 stem nodes from temporary planting of seedlings to the best harvest of seed canes. From July, August to late September (stem 1 to 2), the growth of sugarcane stems was the fastest. The cumulative increase of dry matter was the fastest in stem 4 (late October to late November), and this is the key stage of biomass accumulation. During the whole growth period of the disease-free sugarcane original seedlings, the content and accumulation of each element from high to low were potassium > nitrogen > phosphorus. Among the organs of roots, stems and leaves, leaves and stems always had higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. The accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was mainly stored in the leaves before the stem elongation stage 1, and then mainly stored in the stems. The nutrient uptake rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the seedling stage and tillering stage was 24.84%, 26.18% and 27.74%, respectively, and it was 55.54%, 58.61% and 52.30% at the stem 1 to 3 (late July to late October), while 19.62%, 15.20% and 19.96% during stem 4 and 5 (late October to late December). Reasonable fertilization can be carried out according to the phase absorption of each element, thereby improving the quality and economic benefits of disease-free sugarcane seedlings production. The demands of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the breeding process of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings were clarified, which would provide a reference for the scientific and reasonable fertilization in large-scale field propagation of disease-free sugarcane original seedlings in the future, and improving the efficiency of the propagation and nutrient utilization of disease-free original seedlings.

sugarcane  /  disease-free healthy original seedlings  /  N, P, K nutrients  /  macroelements  /  nutrient requirements
蒋淑停, 彭李顺, 杨本鹏, 曹峥英, 杨学. 甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中氮、磷、钾营养元素的吸收及累积特征. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (1) : 68 -76 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.008
Shuting JIANG, Lishun PENG, Benpeng YANG, Zhengying CAO, Xue YANG. Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Field Propagation of Disease-free Sugarcane Original Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (1) : 68 -76 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.008
甘蔗(Saccharum spp. hybrid)是最重要的糖料作物,也是我国热带、亚热带地区第一大经济作物。由于甘蔗以无性繁殖进行生产,长期无性繁殖和宿根栽培易被多种病原物反复侵染和累积,导致品种退化,蔗糖分及产量等性状指标下降。甘蔗脱毒健康种苗不仅可以有效抑制病原物的累积,而且较常规种苗分蘖率高、生长快、产量高等[1-2]。因此,甘蔗脱毒健康种苗的推广种植是减少甘蔗病害、提高产量及蔗农收益的重要途径之一,而甘蔗脱毒健康种苗的推广离不开种苗繁育,其中由脱毒原种苗到健康种茎的生产种植管理是最重要的环节之一。目前,采用恒温热处理结合腋芽分生组织培养方法可有效地脱去蔗种中携带的病原,同时很好地实现脱毒与快繁,且脱毒效率高。此法中甘蔗脱毒原种苗是经过脱毒培育的原原种苗经增殖快繁、诱导生根后形成。由于甘蔗脱毒原种苗具有前期生长速度快、分蘖率高的特点,且从大田移栽至达到最佳全茎做种要求(12~15茎节)时收获仅有6个月生长期,其对养分的吸收累积与原料蔗对养分的吸收累积存在明显差异。在甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中养分管理影响甘蔗脱毒原种苗的农艺性状及经济效益,因此,了解甘蔗脱毒原种苗对养分的吸收累积规律,对科学合理施肥,提高甘蔗脱毒原种苗的质量具有至关重要的作用。
目前,对甘蔗养分累积及分布的研究主要集中在甘蔗原料蔗,其各生育阶段的生长速率不同,对养分的需求比例和数量也有很大差异,总的来说是“两头少,中间多”,即苗期和成熟期养分需求少,伸长期需求多[3-6]。王继华等[7]研究表明原料蔗苗期对N的需求量较大,其次为K、P;分蘖期N、P、K的吸收量占全生育期的10%~20%;进入伸长期后,原料蔗对养分的需求大大增加,占50%以上;进入工艺成熟期,对养分需求逐渐减少,仅对K的需求量最大。谭宏伟等[8]对甘蔗原料蔗N、P、K养分管理研究表明,甘蔗苗期对养分的吸收较少,苗期对N、P、K的吸收比例分别为7.9%、7.1%、4.2%;分蘖期对N、P、K的吸收比例分别为16.1%、18.5%、13.7%;随着甘蔗生物量的增加至伸长期对N、P、K吸收强度达吸收高峰,分别占66.3%、68.3%、74.0%;成熟期吸收强度逐渐降低,分别占9.7%、6.0%、8.1%。从上述研究中发现甘蔗脱毒健康原种苗养分管理方面相关的技术及经验仍缺少相关报道,尤其是在甘蔗脱毒原种苗养分管理方面并未针对各蔗区土壤养分状况及甘蔗品种特性进行合理施肥,进而影响甘蔗脱毒原种苗的生长,造成全茎种收获时种茎质量不佳,不利于其推广种植。
甘蔗脱毒原种苗在种植目的、生长周期、养分管理等方面与原料蔗不同,所以原料蔗的研究结果不适用于甘蔗脱毒原种苗生产,又因养分管理在甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育过程中至关重要,而目前对甘蔗脱毒原种苗养分的累积及分配特征鲜有研究。因此,探讨甘蔗脱毒原种苗繁育过程中各生育阶段对养分的吸收累积特征,可为培育健康的原料蔗种茎奠定基础。本研究通过对甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长的调查、生物量和氮、磷、钾元素的测定,分析比较甘蔗脱毒原种苗不同生育期生物量累积变化及根、茎、叶各部位养分的吸收累积特征,为推行科学合理配方施肥、降低生产成本、提高甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间繁育效率提供参考依据。
供试甘蔗脱毒原种苗品种为中糖1号,该品种为中大茎、中晚熟品种,具有产量较高、宿根性较好的特点,由中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所于2018年育成登记,目前该品种正在广西扶绥、海南等蔗区推广种植。
试验分别于2020年6—12月、2021年6—12月在广西壮族自治区崇左市扶绥县昌平乡广西久洋禾农业科技有限公司良种繁育基地(22°42′34.934″N;107°54′28.422″E)进行。该试验地土壤类型为赤红壤土,土壤基础养分状况为:土壤pH 5.0,有机质11.38 g/kg,全氮0.71 g/kg,碱解氮121.70 mg/kg,有效磷29.60 mg/kg,速效钾157.20 mg/kg。
本试验的甘蔗脱毒原种苗分别于2020年6月15日、2021年6月3日移栽至穴盘假植培养25 d,分别于2020年7月10日、2021年6月28日苗1心6~8叶、高15~20 cm时再移栽至田间种植,最后分别于2020年12月31日、2021年12月19日采收健康种茎,甘蔗脱毒原种苗的田间管理参照杨本鹏等[9-10]的方法执行。
甘蔗脱毒原种苗种植采用大小行距模式,总行距为1.80 m,大小行距分别为1.40 m和0.40 m,株距为0.50 m,即每公顷种植22222株。种植管理过程中按照常规施肥管理分2次施用化肥:(1)基肥按46%尿素450 kg/hm2、16%普通过磷酸钙600 kg/hm2、60%氯化钾300 kg/hm2混匀后撒施于沟底,同时拌入75 kg/hm2 3%辛硫磷、45 kg/hm2杀虫双或度锐(按使用说明用量),拌匀后一起沟施。(2)待主茎拔节1~2节后中耕管理时进行追肥,按尿素450 kg/hm2、过磷酸钙450 kg/hm2、氯化钾450 kg/hm2配制,同时拌入45 kg/hm2 3%辛硫磷、30 kg/hm2杀虫双或度锐(按使用说明用量),肥药配制好通过中耕机施用和覆土。甘蔗脱毒原种苗生育期期间根据生长情况进行常规灌溉、病虫草害防治等。
选择移栽大田后长势基本一致的甘蔗脱毒原种苗,在其不同生育阶段分别调查株高、茎节数,并分别于苗期(2020年7月20日、2021年7月8日)、分蘖期(2020年7月31日、2021年7月19日)、茎伸长生长1期(茎1期,2020年8月31日、2021年8月19日)、茎伸长生长2期(茎2期,2020年9月30日、2021年9月18日)、茎伸长生长3期(茎3期,2020年10月31日、2021年10月19日)、茎伸长生长4期(茎4期,2020年11月30日、2021年11月18日)、茎伸长生长5期(茎5期,2020年12月31日、2021年12月19日)进行采样,每次采样设置5个生物学重复。每次取样后烘干,称取整株干重,粉碎后用于养分含量测定。植株全氮采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮-蒸馏法,全磷采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮-钼锑抗比色法,全钾采用H2SO4-H2O2消煮-火焰光度计法[11]
每株甘蔗养分累积量=单株干物质量×养分含量。采用Excel 2010软件进行数据整理分析,采用IBM SPSS Statistics 22软件进行数据统计。
表1可知,甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期从种苗假植到种茎最佳收获(茎4~5期)时需6~7个月,各生育阶段甘蔗脱毒原种苗生长差异较大。在苗期和分蘖期时,蔗茎还未形成,但至分蘖期甘蔗脱毒原种苗生物量逐渐增大,在2020、2021年内蔗株株高分别增长了28.33、30.34 cm,日均增高达2.58、2.76 cm;分蘖期后,甘蔗脱毒原种苗进入茎伸长生长阶段,蔗茎也逐渐形成,至9月下旬蔗株已有7~8茎节,此阶段平均每月增长4茎节,较茎伸长生长期其他阶段,此阶段为茎节形成最快的时期;随后至种茎最佳采收时,随着生物量增加减小,每阶段蔗茎仅增加2~3茎节,且株高每月分别仅增高16.77、21.11 cm。
甘蔗脱毒原种苗的干物质量累积整体表现为苗期和分蘖期干物质量累积增长较缓慢,而茎伸长生长期干物质累积增长较快,为干物质量主要累积阶段(表2)。当甘蔗脱毒原种苗正处于苗期和分蘖期,蔗株生物累积量相对较少,主要由蔗叶和蔗根累积,2 a内此生育期生物量分别仅占全生育期的3.89%和5.58%。随后甘蔗脱毒原种苗开始拔节进入茎伸长生长期,此生育期干物质量2 a内累积分别达446.13、464.30 g/株,其中以茎4期干物质量累积增加最快,分别增加了143.49、134.82 g/株,相应占比分别增加9.78%、8.56%。
表3所示,在甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期内,2021年氮、磷、钾的含量整体较2020年的氮、磷、钾含量偏高,且2 a内氮、磷、钾含量的高低均依次为:钾>氮>磷。在2020、2021年甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期中,首先对于植株氮含量,除苗期至分蘖期分别显著增加11.94、18.88 g/kg外,氮含量整体随着生育期的推移而呈现逐渐降低的变化趋势,分别由分蘖期的41.48、52.33 g/kg下降至茎5期的23.74、29.11 g/kg。对于甘蔗脱毒原种苗磷含量,2 a内同生育期的含量相差不显著,由苗期至分蘖期达最高值11.15、12.48 g/kg,随后逐渐降低至6.40、7.09 g/kg;与氮、钾含量不同,当茎3、4期时,2021年的磷含量较2020年略低,分别仅低0.70、0.16 g/kg。甘蔗脱毒原种苗钾含量整体与氮、磷含量变化趋势一致,均呈先增加再降低的变化趋势,且在分蘖期达最高值,分别为48.19、49.85 g/kg,虽至茎1、2期仍保持较高含量,但仍有显著降低的变化,平均每阶段分别以5.42、3.98 g/kg的速度降低至茎5期。
在甘蔗脱毒原种苗根茎叶中氮、磷、钾含量分布各有特点,总体而言,在蔗叶中氮、磷、钾含量最高(图1)。氮、磷、钾含量的分布特点均是蔗叶>蔗茎>蔗根,且在2 a内氮、磷、钾含量的分布以蔗叶和蔗根变化显著,其特点为蔗叶2020年<2021年,蔗根2020年>2021年,2021年蔗叶中氮、磷、钾含量较2020年分别增高8.97%、6.53%、11.52%,相对应蔗根则分别降低9.25%、4.78%、6.61%。在蔗茎中氮、磷、钾含量分布则不一致,蔗茎的氮含量2020年<2021年,较2020年增高0.47%,而磷、钾含量以2020年占比较高,分别较2021年增高2.38%、4.91%。
甘蔗脱毒原种苗根茎叶不同器官对氮累积不同。如图2所示,甘蔗植株体内氮累积量随着植株的生长表现出不断地增加,特别是在分蘖期后,且到生育期后期氮累积量并没有减少,主要是由于氮累积量随着分蘖期后生物量的增大而进一步增加。在不同年份中,2021年的氮累积量明显高于2020年,尤其以蔗茎中氮累积量表现最为突出,在茎5期时较2020年氮累积量增高808.17 mg/株。除相同器官不同年份氮累积量存在差异外,不同器官中氮累积量也各不相同。在苗期和分蘖期时,氮累积主要分布在蔗叶中,2 a内平均各阶段累积量分别为307.23、718.31 mg/株,随后蔗叶中氮累积量仍呈持续增加的趋势,但自分蘖期后至茎5期,随着蔗茎的加速生长,氮累积量主要集中于蔗茎中,2 a内平均各阶段累积量分别为2038.68、2583.34 mg/株,而根系由于其生物量相对较小,因此在蔗根中氮累积始终较少,2 a内平均每阶段分别为93.26和78.17 mg/株。
图3可知,甘蔗脱毒原种苗磷累积量随着生育期的推迟而增加。在不同年份内磷累积量变化相差不大,2021年磷累积量总体略高于2020年。在甘蔗脱毒原种苗根茎叶各器官中,苗期和分蘖期磷累积量集中于蔗叶中,而茎1期后随着蔗茎的生长,蔗株生物量逐渐增加,蔗茎开始成为磷素主要累积器官,且其累积量显著增加;至茎4期时2020年蔗茎中的磷累积增长较为显著,平均每阶段累积量为492.12 mg/株,而2021年此阶段的磷累积量增加较缓,平均每阶段累积量为443.00 mg/株;随后至茎5期,2020年累积量增加减缓,仅增加了22.31 mg/株,而2021年累积量显著增加了207.59 mg/株。蔗根中磷累积量变化较平稳,2 a全生育期内分别维持在1.97~22.58 mg/株和0.84~30.95 mg/株。
图4所示,在甘蔗脱毒原种苗生育期内钾累积量变化趋势与氮、磷累积量变化基本一致。在各器官中,蔗茎为钾素主要累积器官,全生育期表现为持续上升,在分蘖期至茎2期时钾累积量增加最为显著,第一年从249.83 mg/株迅速增加至1697.67 mg/株,第二年从383.18 mg/株迅速增加至1944.24 mg/株,平均累积量分别高达920.35、1092.96 mg/株;随后至茎5期钾素持续累积增加,但累积量增加减缓,2 a内平均每阶段累积量分别增加371.08、291.40 mg/株。相对于2020年蔗叶的钾累积量,2021年蔗叶中钾累积量变化显著,在苗期至分蘖期,由于生物量的增大钾累积量也迅速增加,此阶段钾累积迅速增加了1159.12 mg/株;至茎5期蔗叶中钾累积量增长减缓,平均每阶段累积量增加了192.29 mg/株。
整个生育阶段蔗根中生物量较小,钾累积量也相对较小,2 a内累积量分别维持在10.12~ 55.87、7.40~107.29 mg/株,保持较低水平。
甘蔗脱毒原种苗在不同生育期内的氮、磷、钾阶段吸收量与日吸收速率的变化趋势相似。由表4可知,氮、磷、钾在甘蔗脱毒原种苗整个生育期内的阶段吸收量整体呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势,且在甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生育期各阶段中对氮和钾的阶段吸收量较大。在甘蔗脱毒原种苗苗期,氮、磷、钾在总氮、总磷、总钾的分配比例中占比相差不大,且在整个生育阶段内占比最低,2 a内氮、磷、钾吸收量分别仅为2.78%、2.08%、2.56%及3.56%、3.81%、3.07%。进入分蘖期,蔗茎逐渐形成,蔗株生物量逐渐增大,氮、磷、钾阶段吸收量也逐渐增加,其中此阶段内2021年的氮、磷、钾素吸收量均最显著,达当年吸收量的峰值,分别高达1531.31、374.09、1571.52 mg/kg,分别占当年总吸收量的27.58%、29.13%、30.23%,日吸收效率分别为139.21、34.01、142.87 [mg/(plant·d)]。随着蔗株拔节进入茎伸长生长期,此阶段是甘蔗脱毒健康种苗快速生长、生物量大量累积的阶段,其氮、磷、钾的阶段吸收量随着蔗株的生长逐渐增加,从茎1期至茎2期,2020年内氮、磷、钾阶段吸收量增长最为显著,均于茎2期时达到最高峰,分别为1187.88、317.59、1117.94 mg/株,此阶段的阶段吸收量分别占总吸收量的28.86%、27.07%、27.36%。此后随着蔗株生物量的减小,对氮、磷、钾的吸收总量有所下降,至茎5期时,2 a内对氮、磷、钾的阶段吸收量分别仅占总量的8.15%、1.85%、1.73%及7.46%、2.40%、1.19%,日吸收效率也分别仅为10.82、0.69、2.28 [mg/(plant·d)]和13.36、3.27、2.00 [mg/(plant·d)]。
本研究中,甘蔗脱毒原种苗在分蘖期后进入茎伸长生长期7、8月至9月下旬(茎1、2期)蔗茎生长速度最快,生物量保持快速增长,以每月4茎节左右的增长速度生长,2 a内均以茎4期干物质量累积增加最快,分别占当年生物量累积的27.20%及25.64%;11月后随着温度的降低,甘蔗脱毒原种苗的生物量累积减缓,其茎节生长速度减缓为每月仅2茎节左右;至12月下旬脱毒健康种茎收获时其全生长周期为6~7个月、株高约为170~ 175 cm、茎节数可达15茎节。
本研究发现,在甘蔗脱毒原种苗田间生长进程中,甘蔗植株氮、磷、钾含量整体表现为随生育进程逐渐下降的变化趋势,且在相同生长发育阶段中蔗叶、蔗茎始终为氮磷钾含量相对较高的器官,蔗根的氮、磷、钾含量则始终较低。在甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生长期中甘蔗植株氮、磷、钾的累积量由高到低依次为:钾>氮>磷,在茎5期时2 a内氮、磷、钾累积量分别为4116.24、1173.40、4086.61 mg/株及5553.17、1284.29、5198.64 mg/株。据报道,成熟期甘蔗氮、磷、钾的累积量分别介于1952.06~5442.70、474.10~1410.15、2301.72~11105.00 mg/株,具体因甘蔗品种、土壤肥力及施肥水平等氮、磷、钾的吸收累积而存在差异,且所有参试基因型甘蔗体内养分累积量表现为:钾>氮>磷[12-15],本研究结果与此相似。
有研究表明,在甘蔗拔节前氮、磷、钾主要累积在蔗叶中,以供蔗株的生长和分蘖;进入拔节后蔗叶中的养分快速转移至蔗茎中,以促进蔗茎的快速生长[16-18]。本研究结果表明,甘蔗脱毒原种苗在不同器官中的氮、磷、钾素累积存在明显差异,且其根茎叶器官中氮、磷、钾累积量高低依次为:蔗茎>蔗叶>蔗根。茎中氮、磷、钾素的累积从拔节开始不断上升,但叶片中氮、磷、钾素的累积表现出分蘖期前累积增长迅速、分蘖期后累积增长减缓。由此可见,蔗叶是甘蔗脱毒原种苗茎伸长生长1期前最主要的氮、磷、钾贮存器官,平均2 a内分别约有59.11%、65.40%、61.50%的氮磷钾素分配到蔗叶中,而后生物量逐渐增大,蔗叶中的氮、磷、钾素逐渐转移至蔗茎中,平均两年内蔗茎中的氮、磷、钾素分别逐渐上升至约66.77%、60.78%、59.69%,则蔗茎成为新的最主要的氮、磷、钾贮存器官。
不同生长时期甘蔗脱毒原种苗对氮、磷、钾的吸收量有所差异,苗期和茎5期2个阶段对氮、磷、钾的吸收量较少,平均每年2个阶段内的氮、磷、钾吸收量分别仅为10.98%、5.06%、4.28%;蘖期至茎2期时吸收量增大,分别占总氮、总磷、总钾吸收量的63.66%、64.55%、69.16%,并且伸长期是吸收养分量最多、对产量的形成和影响最大的时期,总体呈现“两头小、中间大”的特点,与以往对原料蔗报道的研究结果相似[3,7]。在各生长期中,分蘖期的氮、磷、钾素日吸收速率最高,平均每年分别为99.10、26.25、107.87 mg/(plant·d),为养分吸收最大效率期,需保证充足的养分供应,为有效茎的形成打下基础。因此,在甘蔗脱毒健康种苗实际生产中,应根据甘蔗脱毒健康种苗养分的需求及累积分配特点,适时合理施肥,以达到养分资源高效利用、获得甘蔗脱毒健康种茎的目的。然而,本研究仅针对甘蔗脱毒原种苗中糖1号单个品种的初步分析,甘蔗品种、土壤肥力状况、施肥方式及施肥量等方面的差异对甘蔗脱毒原种苗氮、磷、钾元素的吸收利用过程的影响仍有待于进一步研究。
本研究结果表明,甘蔗脱毒原种苗从种苗假植到种茎最佳收获时需6~7个月可达15茎节,在7、8月至9月下旬(茎1期、2期)蔗茎生长速度最快,以茎4期干物质量累积增加最快,此阶段为生物量累积的关键阶段。在甘蔗脱毒原种苗全生长期中3元素含量及累积量从高到低依次为:钾>氮>磷,在根茎叶各器官中,蔗叶、蔗茎始终为氮、磷、钾含量相对较高的器官,氮、磷、钾累积量在茎1期前主要贮存于蔗叶中,而后以蔗茎为新的主要贮存器官。氮、磷、钾各元素的养分吸收比例,在苗期和分蘖期分别为24.84%、26.18%、27.74%,茎1~3期(7月下旬至10月下旬)分别为55.54%、58.61%、52.30%,茎4、5期(10月下旬至12月下旬)分别为19.62%、15.20%、19.96%,可根据各元素的阶段吸收量进行合理施肥,进而提高甘蔗脱毒健康种苗的品质和经济效益。
  • 广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117003)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600)
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2024年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.01.008
  • 接收时间:2022-10-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-31
  • 修回日期:2022-11-16
基金
广西科技重大专项(桂科AA22117003)
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000600)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所/农业农村部热带作物生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室,海南海口 571101
    2.广西热带农业科学研究院,广西崇左 532199
    3.广西久洋禾农业科技有限公司,广西崇左 532199
    4.中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院,海南三亚 572024

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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