热带作物学报

63份火龙果种质花粉形态观察及亲缘关系分析

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王好 ¹^,²^,³^,⁴ , 李洪立 ²^,³^,⁴ , 濮文辉 ²^,³^,⁴ , 何云 ²^,³^,⁴ , 洪青梅 ²^,³^,⁴ , 李琼 ²^,³^,⁴^,^*^,^* , 胡文斌 ²^,³^,⁴^,^*^,^*

热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2026,47(3): 623-633

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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2026 , 47 (3) : 623 -633

63份火龙果种质花粉形态观察及亲缘关系分析

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王好¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 李洪立²^,³^,⁴, 濮文辉²^,³^,⁴, 何云²^,³^,⁴, 洪青梅²^,³^,⁴, 李琼²^,³^,⁴^,^*^,^*, 胡文斌²^,³^,⁴^,^*^,^*

作者信息

^1．海南大学热带农林学院，海南海口　570228

^2．中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海南海口　571101

^3．农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室，海南海口　571101

^4．海南省热带作物资源遗传改良与创新重点实验室，海南海口　571101

通讯作者:

^* 李琼（LI Qiong），E-mail: liqiong4416@126.com

胡文斌（HU Wenbin），E-mail: huwb@catas.cn。

Observation of Pollen Morphology and Analysis of Genetic Relationship Among 63 Pitaya Germplasms

Hao WANG¹^,²^,³^,⁴, Hongli LI²^,³^,⁴, Wenhui PU²^,³^,⁴, Yun HE²^,³^,⁴, Qingmei HONG²^,³^,⁴, Qiong LI²^,³^,⁴, Wenbin HU²^,³^,⁴

Affiliations

^1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China

^2.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China

^3.Key Laboratory of South China Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China

^4.Hainan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Tropical Crop Resources, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China

出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.03.007

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摘要

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为明确火龙果种质资源花粉形态的遗传多样性特征和种质间的亲缘关系，以63份火龙果种质为研究材料，采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察花粉微观形态，系统测定极轴长、赤道轴长、极赤比等8项性状，通过相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析研究其多样性规律。结果表明：63份火龙果花粉均为N3P4C3型，具三孔沟及刺状外壁纹饰，花粉种质间差异主要表现在形状、大小、萌发沟和外壁纹饰等方面。花粉形状为长球形或近球形；极轴长的变化范围为58.82~101.00 μm，赤道轴长的变化范围为52.50~86.54 μm，萌发沟长度变化范围为37.03~82.25 μm，萌发沟宽度变化范围为1.31~8.53 μm，沟间距的变化范围为25.14~53.88 μm，表面突刺密度的变化范围为1.30~3.11个/μm²。数量性状中萌发沟宽度变异系数最大，赤道轴长变异系数最小；相关性分析表明，极轴长与萌发沟长、极赤比均呈极显著正相关，极赤比与沟间距呈极显著负相关；聚类分析表明，在欧氏距离20处将63份种质分为3大类，第1大类包含御红龙等30份资源，第2大类包含云南5号等15份资源，第3大类包含巴马红肉等18份资源。本研究证实火龙果花粉形态具有丰富的遗传多样性，建立了基于孢粉学的火龙果种质分类鉴定技术，可为火龙果种质资源鉴定与遗传育种提供重要理论支撑。

关键词

火龙果 / 花粉形态 / 扫描电子显微镜 / 遗传多样性 / 孢粉学

Abstract

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To clarify the genetic diversity characteristics of pollen morphology and the genetic relationships among pitaya germplasm resources, 63 pitaya germplasm accessions were used as the research materials in this study. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to observe pollen micromorphology, 8 traits including polar axis length, equatorial axis length, and polar-equatorial ratio were systematically measured, and the diversity patterns of these traits were investigated through correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. The results showed that the pollen grains of all 63 pitaya germplasms were N3P4C3 type, with tricolporate apertures and spiny exine ornamentation. The differences in pollen among the germplasms were mainly reflected in subtle aspects such as shape, size, germinal furrow traits and exine ornamentation. The pollen grains were prolate or subspheroidal in shape. The polar axis length ranged from 58.82 to 101.00 μm, the equatorial axis length ranged from 52.50 to 86.54 μm, the germinal furrow length ranged from 37.03 to 82.25 μm, the germinal furrow width ranged from 1.31 to 8.53 μm, the furrow spacing ranged from 25.14 to 53.88 μm, and the surface spine density ranged from 1.30 to 3.11 per μm². Among the quantitative traits, the coefficient of variation (CV) of germinal furrow width was the largest, while that of equatorial axis length was the smallest. Correlation analysis revealed that polar axis length had an extremely significant positive correlation with germinal furrow length and polar-equatorial ratio, and polar-equatorial ratio had an extremely significant negative correlation with furrow spacing. Cluster analysis showed that the 63 germplasms were divided into 3 major clusters at a Euclidean distance of 20. The first cluster contained 30 accessions including Yuhonglong, the second cluster contained 15 accessions including Yunnan No.5, and the third cluster contained 18 accessions including Bama Red Flesh. This study confirmed that pitaya pollen morphology presents abundant genetic diversity, and established a palynology-based technique for the classification and identification of pitaya germplasms, which can provide important theoretical support for the identification and genetic breeding of pitaya germplasm resources.

Key words

pitaya / pollen morphology / scanning electron microscopy / genetic diversity / palynology

引用本文

王好, 李洪立, 濮文辉, 何云, 洪青梅, 李琼, 胡文斌. 63份火龙果种质花粉形态观察及亲缘关系分析. 热带作物学报, 2026 , 47 (3) : 623 -633 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.03.007

Hao WANG, Hongli LI, Wenhui PU, Yun HE, Qingmei HONG, Qiong LI, Wenbin HU. Observation of Pollen Morphology and Analysis of Genetic Relationship Among 63 Pitaya Germplasms[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2026 , 47 (3) : 623 -633 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.03.007

基金

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热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室科研项目(NKLTCBCXTD14)
琼中黎族苗族自治县重点研发项目

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2026年第47卷第3期

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文章信息

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.03.007

接收时间：2025-11-28
首发时间：2026-06-26
出版时间：2026-03-25

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收稿日期：2025-11-28
录用日期：2025-12-18

基金

热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室科研项目(NKLTCBCXTD14)

琼中黎族苗族自治县重点研发项目

作者信息

^1．海南大学热带农林学院，海南海口　570228

^2．中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所，海南海口　571101

^3．农业农村部华南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室，海南海口　571101

^4．海南省热带作物资源遗传改良与创新重点实验室，海南海口　571101

通讯作者:

^* 李琼（LI Qiong），E-mail: liqiong4416@126.com

胡文斌（HU Wenbin），E-mail: huwb@catas.cn。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.03.007

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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