热带作物学报

生物炭配施菌渣改良香露兜种植土壤及其增产效果分析

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余江敏 ¹ , 姚继涛 ²^,³ , 孟凡雅 ²^,⁴ , 李玉波 ²^,⁵ , 董刚强 ⁶ , 赵雅琦 ²^,^*^,^* , 王灿 ²^,^*^,^*

热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2026,47(2): 433-443

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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2026 , 47 (2) : 433 -443

生物炭配施菌渣改良香露兜种植土壤及其增产效果分析

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余江敏¹, 姚继涛²^,³, 孟凡雅²^,⁴, 李玉波²^,⁵, 董刚强⁶, 赵雅琦²^,^*^,^*, 王灿²^,^*^,^*

作者信息

^1．广西农业职业技术大学，广西南宁　530001

^2．中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室，海南万宁　571533

^3．黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，黑龙江大庆　163319

^4．华中农业大学，湖北武汉　430070

^5．河北农业大学，河北保定　071000

^6．安利（中国）植物研发中心有限公司，江苏无锡　214115

通讯作者:

^* 赵雅琦（ZHAO Yaqi），E-mail: 13061042796@163.com

王灿（WANG Can），E-mail: wangcan_1983@catas.cn。

Synergistic Application of Biochar and Mushroom Residue to Enhance Pandanus amaryllifolius Yield and Soil Quality

Jiangmin YU¹, Jitao YAO²^,³, Fanya MENG²^,⁴, Yubo LI²^,⁵, Gangqiang DONG⁶, Yaqi ZHAO², Can WANG²

Affiliations

^1.Guangxi Agricultural Vocational and Technical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China

^2.Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China

^3.College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China

^4.Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China

^5.Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China

^6.Amway (China) Botanical R&D Center Co., Ltd., Wuxi, Jiangsu 214115, China

出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.02.014

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摘要

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针对香露兜种植相对粗放，土壤质量不高制约产量与品质提升的问题，本研究采用不同生物炭比例配施菌渣来改良土壤，并明确其增产效果及机制，旨在为香露兜高效种植提供技术支持。在基础施肥下，通过设置菌渣单独施用800 kg/hm²（MD）、菌渣800 kg/hm²+生物炭1600 kg/hm²施用（MDB1）、菌渣800 kg/hm²+生物炭3200 kg/hm²施用（MDB2）、不添加菌渣和生物炭（CK）共4个处理，采用田间小区试验研究不同处理对香露兜植株生长和产量、土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明：较CK处理，单施菌渣（MD）增产效果未达到显著水平，而生物炭配施处理（MDB1、MDB2）均能显著提高香露兜鲜叶产量，这与MDB1、MDB2处理的叶片SPAD值和净光合速率显著上升，从而显著增加平均鲜叶质量有关，但MDB1与MDB2处理间产量无显著差异。土壤养分分析结果显示，与CK相比，MD、MDB1和MDB2处理均显著提高了土壤pH和速效钾含量；但MD处理显著降低了土壤的有机质、碱解氮、速效磷含量，这可能与菌渣中大量有机质被分解微生物利用，导致土壤养分被消耗有关，而配施高用量生物炭（MDB2）则可缓解上述影响，因而MDB2处理的有机质含量和碱解氮含量有所上升。基于土壤细菌OTUs的PCA分析发现，不同处理之间的群落结构存在显著差异。与CK相比，MD处理的土壤细菌Shannon多样性指数下降，Simpson优势度指数升高，而MDB1和MDB2处理则显著提高了土壤细菌多样性；且与MD相比，MDB1和MDB2处理显著增加了潘多拉菌属（Pedomicrobium）、链霉菌属（Streptomyces）、MND1、诺卡氏菌属（Nocardioides）、假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）等有益促生菌属的相对丰度。RDA分析表明，土壤碱解氮是影响细菌群落结构的主要环境因子。综上所述，单施菌渣虽有增产潜力，但对土壤改良效果不佳；配施生物炭可显著提高土壤pH、速效钾含量，提高土壤微生物多样性，促进有益微生物富集，进而提高叶片叶绿素含量，增强叶片光合速率，从而促进香露兜产量显著增加。因此，生物炭与菌渣协同施用是一种高效、安全的土壤改良策略，为香露兜高效栽培提供绿色可持续技术支撑。

关键词

生物炭 / 菌渣 / 香露兜 / 土壤改良 / 微生物

Abstract

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The study was aimed to solve the problems of relatively extensive cultivation and low soil quality of Pandanus amaryllifolius that restrict the improvement of yield and quality. Different ratios of biochar combined with mushroom residue were used to improve the soil, clarify its yield-increasing effect and mechanism, and to provide technical support for efficient cultivation of Pandanus. Under basic fertilization, four treatments were set up, 800 kg/hm² mushroom residue (MD), 800 kg/hm² mushroom residue + 1600 kg/hm² biochar (MDB1), 800 kg/hm² mushroom residue +3200 kg/hm² biochar (MDB2), and no mushroom residue or biochar added (CK). A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different treatments on plant growth and yield, soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of Pandanus. Compared with CK, the yield increase effect of mushroom residue alone (MD) did not reach a significant level, while the biochar combined application treatments (MDB1, MDB2) significantly increased the fresh leaf yield of P. amaryllifolius. This was related to the significant increase in leaf SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of MDB1 and MDB2, which significantly increased the average fresh leaf weight, but there was no significant difference in yield between MDB1 and MDB2 treatments. Soil nutrient results showed that compared with CK, MD, MDB1 and MDB2 all significantly increased soil pH and available potassium content, but MD treatment significantly reduced soil organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus content, which may be related to the utilization of soil organic matter by a large number of organic matter-decomposing microorganisms in the mushroom residue leading to nutrient consumption, while the combined application of high-dose biochar (MDB2) alleviated this effect, thus increasing organic matter content and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content. PCA analysis based on soil bacterial OTUs found that there were significant differences in community structure among different treatments. Compared with CK, MD soil bacterial Shannon diversity index decreased and Simpson dominance index increased, while MDB1 and MDB2 significantly improved soil bacterial diversity. Compared with MD, they significantly increased beneficial plant growth-promoting bacteria such as Pedomicrobium, Streptomyces, MND1, Nocardioides and Pseudomonas. RDA analysis showed that soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was the main environmental factor affecting bacterial community structure. In summary, although mushroom residue application alone has yield-increasing potential, its effect on soil improvement is poor; combined application of biochar can significantly increase soil pH, available potassium content, improve soil microbial diversity, promote the enrichment of beneficial microorganisms, thereby increasing leaf chlorophyll content, enhancing leaf photosynthesis, and ultimately promoting a significant increase in P. amaryllifolius yield. Therefore, the synergistic application of biochar and mushroom residue is an efficient and safe soil improvement strategy, providing green and sustainable technical support for efficient cultivation of Pandanus.

Key words

biochar / mushroom residue / Pandanus amaryllifolius / soil improvement / microorganisms

引用本文

余江敏, 姚继涛, 孟凡雅, 李玉波, 董刚强, 赵雅琦, 王灿. 生物炭配施菌渣改良香露兜种植土壤及其增产效果分析. 热带作物学报, 2026 , 47 (2) : 433 -443 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.02.014

Jiangmin YU, Jitao YAO, Fanya MENG, Yubo LI, Gangqiang DONG, Yaqi ZHAO, Can WANG. Synergistic Application of Biochar and Mushroom Residue to Enhance Pandanus amaryllifolius Yield and Soil Quality[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2026 , 47 (2) : 433 -443 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.02.014

基金

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广西“双高计划”高水平专业群建设项目(桂教职成[2023]57号)
广西农业职业技术大学2022年校级课题(YKJ2223)
五指山市生态科技特派员项目(WZSKTPXM202208)

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2026年第47卷第2期

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文章信息

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.02.014

接收时间：2025-10-10
首发时间：2026-06-26
出版时间：2026-02-25

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收稿日期：2025-10-10
录用日期：2025-10-29

基金

广西“双高计划”高水平专业群建设项目(桂教职成[2023]57号)

广西农业职业技术大学2022年校级课题(YKJ2223)

五指山市生态科技特派员项目(WZSKTPXM202208)

作者信息

^1．广西农业职业技术大学，广西南宁　530001

^3．黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院，黑龙江大庆　163319

^4．华中农业大学，湖北武汉　430070

^5．河北农业大学，河北保定　071000

^6．安利（中国）植物研发中心有限公司，江苏无锡　214115

通讯作者:

^* 赵雅琦（ZHAO Yaqi），E-mail: 13061042796@163.com

王灿（WANG Can），E-mail: wangcan_1983@catas.cn。

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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2026.02.014

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

科 Family	属数 Number of genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)	属 Genus	种数 Number of species	占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae	2	11	5.26	鹅膏菌属 Amanita	10	4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae	2	12	5.74	丝盖伞属 Inocybe	5	2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae	8	14	6.70	蜡蘑属 Laccaria	5	2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae	3	23	11.00	小皮伞属 Marasmius	6	2.87
				小菇属 Mycena	11	5.26
				光柄菇属 Pluteus	5	2.39
				红菇属 Russula	17	8.13
				栓菌属 Trametes	5	2.39

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