Article(id=1277241054508216698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731513600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1737907200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-27, onlineDate=1782447597386, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447597386, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447597386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447597386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1238, endPage=1248, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277241054793429372, articleId=1277241054508216698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of ATP and Rotenone Treatment on Chilling Injury of Postharvest Guava Fruit and Relates with Sugar Metabolism, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to study the effects of exogenous ATP and rotenone treatment on chilling injury and sugar metabolism in cold-stored guava fruits. Post-harvest ‘Hongxiang’ guava fruits were treated with distilled water, 0.8 mmol/L ATP, and 0.2 mmol/L rotenone, respectively, and stored at (4±1)℃. During storage, the chilling injury index, commercial rate, sugar content, and sugar metabolism-related enzyme activity of the guava fruits were regularly determined. Compared with the control fruit, ATP treatment reduced chilling injury, increased the activities of sucrose monophosphate synthase (SPS), acid invertase (AI), and sucrose synthase synthesis direction (SSs) during the late stage of storage, decreased the activities of neutral invertase (NI) and sucrose synthase decomposition direction (SSc) during late-storage, inhibited the increase in fructose and glucose content during mid-storage, maintained the content of sucrose and total soluble sugar at a high level, and improved the cold resistance and commercial rate of the fruit. Rotenone treatment exacerbated chilling injury by simultaneously inhibiting the increase of SSS activity and SPS activity during the middle stage of storage, the decrease of AI activity, NI activity, and SSc activity during the middle and late stages of storage, accelerating the decomposition of sucrose, increased the content of fructose, reduced the total soluble sugar and reducing sugar, and resulted in a low commercial rate of the fruit. ATP treatment could enhance cold resistance in guava fruits, and the mechanism may be related to changes in sucrose and soluble total sugar content. However, rotenone treatment induced an imbalance in sugar metabolism and exacerbated chilling injury.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xiangjia KONG, Huiyu CHEN, Peng MENG, Shuling HUANG, Feng ZHAO, Shoujiang LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shoujiang LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277241057867854224, articleId=1277241054508216698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=ATP和鱼藤酮处理对采后番石榴果实冷害的影响及其与糖代谢的关系, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为研究外源三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和鱼藤酮处理对冷藏番石榴果实冷害的影响及与糖代谢变化的关系,本研究将采后红香番石榴果实分别采用蒸馏水、0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮进行处理,在(4±1)℃下贮藏,贮藏期间定期测定番石榴果实冷害指数、商品率、糖含量和糖代谢相关酶活性。结果表明:与对照果实相比,ATP处理降低果实冷害,提高蔗糖单磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性、酸性转化酶(AI)活性和贮藏后期蔗糖合成酶合成方向(SSs)活性,降低中性转化酶(NI)和贮藏后期蔗糖合成酶分解方向(SSc)活性,抑制果糖和贮藏中期葡萄糖含量上升,使蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量维持在较高水平,提高果实的抗冷性和商品率;鱼藤酮处理加剧果实冷害,通过同时抑制SSs、贮藏中期SPS活性升高,AI、NI和贮藏中、后期SSc活性降低,加快蔗糖分解,果糖含量增加,降低可溶性总糖和还原糖含量,果实商品率低。因此,ATP处理能增强番石榴果实的抗冷性,这可能与提高蔗糖和可溶性总糖含量的变化密切相关;而鱼藤酮处理诱导糖代谢失衡,加剧冷害。

, authors=

孔祥佳(1983—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品保鲜与加工。

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* 李守江(LI Shoujiang),E-mail:
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孔祥佳(1983—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品保鲜与加工。

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孔祥佳(1983—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:农产品保鲜与加工。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of 1-MCP combined with ethylene adsorbent on chilling injury and sugar metabolism of peach fruit, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277241067716080081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, awardId=2022J01357, language=CN, fundingSource=福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01357), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277241058098540946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241058106929555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, companyId=1277241058098540946, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241058115318164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, companyId=1277241058098540946, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.福建中医药大学,福建福州 350122)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277241058178232725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241058186621334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, companyId=1277241058178232725, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277241058195009943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, companyId=1277241058178232725, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.福建省产品质量检验研究院,福建福州 350002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277241066415845825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of different treatments on chilling injury index and commodity rate of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=+AIEdjpbWrev2KK6Nl1r8A==, figureFileBig=/49ZZsB8Au9dMzOSDip10w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241066508120514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同处理对冷藏番石榴果实冷害指数和商品率的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=+AIEdjpbWrev2KK6Nl1r8A==, figureFileBig=/49ZZsB8Au9dMzOSDip10w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241066717835715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different treatments on contents of soluble total sugar and reducing sugar of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=J6L+bLGsIGElcN2g9QWQow==, figureFileBig=pd2KX/sMKg/E+MOoLrqUag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241066801721796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同处理对冷藏番石榴果实可溶性总糖和还原糖含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=J6L+bLGsIGElcN2g9QWQow==, figureFileBig=pd2KX/sMKg/E+MOoLrqUag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241066885607877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of different treatments on sucrose content of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=HL3sj+wiEbwJFAtW3WygjA==, figureFileBig=HZzfy+ELkPH58WxvUOVmRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241066948522438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同处理对冷藏番石榴果实蔗糖含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=HL3sj+wiEbwJFAtW3WygjA==, figureFileBig=HZzfy+ELkPH58WxvUOVmRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067011436999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of different treatments on fructose content of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=LJIwnF7Rf4RYQHor4qsGpA==, figureFileBig=WL+p+pqNkzJ94nCjKMDl7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067074351560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同处理对冷藏番石榴果实果糖含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=LJIwnF7Rf4RYQHor4qsGpA==, figureFileBig=WL+p+pqNkzJ94nCjKMDl7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067141460425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of different treatments on glucose content of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=syRPPRMedvcnDu3xWnFFcQ==, figureFileBig=TejSVquVwJ2Vi5Ntf91X3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067216957898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同处理对冷藏番石榴果实葡萄糖含量的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=syRPPRMedvcnDu3xWnFFcQ==, figureFileBig=TejSVquVwJ2Vi5Ntf91X3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067284066763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Effects of different treatments on SPS activity of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=U8eypR/oPccvBefjptzVWQ==, figureFileBig=uZjpO86csBNRmaA7p1Otmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067359564236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同处理冷藏番石榴果实SPS活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=U8eypR/oPccvBefjptzVWQ==, figureFileBig=uZjpO86csBNRmaA7p1Otmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067422478797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effects of different treatments on the activities of SSc and SSs of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ijlKM7KXFjO/A0WEWDjqSA==, figureFileBig=F4Ba5HKA8pa3mNR4VLegtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067489587662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同处理对冷藏番石榴果实SSc和SSs活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ijlKM7KXFjO/A0WEWDjqSA==, figureFileBig=F4Ba5HKA8pa3mNR4VLegtA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067552502223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effects of different treatments on the activities of AI and NI of guava fruit during cold storage

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=jhNdw0pZQSMPEb4Ef7TQPw==, figureFileBig=04WnOnF6OgySt3UORmmh7g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241067623805392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277241054508216698, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同处理对冷藏番石榴果实AI和NI活性的影响

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

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孔祥佳 1 , 陈惠玉 1 , 孟鹏 2 , 黄姝玲 2 , 赵峰 1 , 李守江 1, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2025,46(5): 1238-1248
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2025 , 46 (5) : 1238 -1248
ATP和鱼藤酮处理对采后番石榴果实冷害的影响及其与糖代谢的关系
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孔祥佳1, 陈惠玉1, 孟鹏2, 黄姝玲2, 赵峰1, 李守江1, *
作者信息
  • 1.福建中医药大学,福建福州 350122
  • 2.福建省产品质量检验研究院,福建福州 350002
通讯作者:
* 李守江(LI Shoujiang),E-mail:
Effects of ATP and Rotenone Treatment on Chilling Injury of Postharvest Guava Fruit and Relates with Sugar Metabolism
Xiangjia KONG1, Huiyu CHEN1, Peng MENG2, Shuling HUANG2, Feng ZHAO1, Shoujiang LI1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, China
  • 2.Fujian Inspection and Research Institute for Product Quality, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.022
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为研究外源三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和鱼藤酮处理对冷藏番石榴果实冷害的影响及与糖代谢变化的关系,本研究将采后红香番石榴果实分别采用蒸馏水、0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮进行处理,在(4±1)℃下贮藏,贮藏期间定期测定番石榴果实冷害指数、商品率、糖含量和糖代谢相关酶活性。结果表明:与对照果实相比,ATP处理降低果实冷害,提高蔗糖单磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性、酸性转化酶(AI)活性和贮藏后期蔗糖合成酶合成方向(SSs)活性,降低中性转化酶(NI)和贮藏后期蔗糖合成酶分解方向(SSc)活性,抑制果糖和贮藏中期葡萄糖含量上升,使蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量维持在较高水平,提高果实的抗冷性和商品率;鱼藤酮处理加剧果实冷害,通过同时抑制SSs、贮藏中期SPS活性升高,AI、NI和贮藏中、后期SSc活性降低,加快蔗糖分解,果糖含量增加,降低可溶性总糖和还原糖含量,果实商品率低。因此,ATP处理能增强番石榴果实的抗冷性,这可能与提高蔗糖和可溶性总糖含量的变化密切相关;而鱼藤酮处理诱导糖代谢失衡,加剧冷害。

番石榴  /  糖代谢  /  ATP  /  鱼藤酮  /  冷害

The study was aimed to study the effects of exogenous ATP and rotenone treatment on chilling injury and sugar metabolism in cold-stored guava fruits. Post-harvest ‘Hongxiang’ guava fruits were treated with distilled water, 0.8 mmol/L ATP, and 0.2 mmol/L rotenone, respectively, and stored at (4±1)℃. During storage, the chilling injury index, commercial rate, sugar content, and sugar metabolism-related enzyme activity of the guava fruits were regularly determined. Compared with the control fruit, ATP treatment reduced chilling injury, increased the activities of sucrose monophosphate synthase (SPS), acid invertase (AI), and sucrose synthase synthesis direction (SSs) during the late stage of storage, decreased the activities of neutral invertase (NI) and sucrose synthase decomposition direction (SSc) during late-storage, inhibited the increase in fructose and glucose content during mid-storage, maintained the content of sucrose and total soluble sugar at a high level, and improved the cold resistance and commercial rate of the fruit. Rotenone treatment exacerbated chilling injury by simultaneously inhibiting the increase of SSS activity and SPS activity during the middle stage of storage, the decrease of AI activity, NI activity, and SSc activity during the middle and late stages of storage, accelerating the decomposition of sucrose, increased the content of fructose, reduced the total soluble sugar and reducing sugar, and resulted in a low commercial rate of the fruit. ATP treatment could enhance cold resistance in guava fruits, and the mechanism may be related to changes in sucrose and soluble total sugar content. However, rotenone treatment induced an imbalance in sugar metabolism and exacerbated chilling injury.

guava  /  sugar metabolism  /  ATP  /  rotenone  /  chilling injury
孔祥佳, 陈惠玉, 孟鹏, 黄姝玲, 赵峰, 李守江. ATP和鱼藤酮处理对采后番石榴果实冷害的影响及其与糖代谢的关系. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1238 -1248 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.022
Xiangjia KONG, Huiyu CHEN, Peng MENG, Shuling HUANG, Feng ZHAO, Shoujiang LI. Effects of ATP and Rotenone Treatment on Chilling Injury of Postharvest Guava Fruit and Relates with Sugar Metabolism[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1238 -1248 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.022
番石榴(Psidium guajava L.)为桃金娘科(Myrtaceae)番石榴属(Psidium)植物,是热带、亚热带地区广泛种植的重要经济果树,也是福建省重点开发的名特优水果品种之一[1]。随着番石榴栽种面积增加和育种技术提升,优质番石榴鲜果的价格也不断上涨,但番石榴果实采后易碰伤、软化和腐烂变质,货架期和最佳食用期较短,影响了番石榴果实的商品价值和食用品质,从而限制了番石榴产业的发展,故采后番石榴鲜果的保鲜技术成为生产上亟待解决的问题。低温贮藏是目前番石榴果实贮藏保鲜最为有效的方法,但番石榴属于冷敏型果实,低温贮藏时易发生冷害,导致果实食用品质和营养价值下降甚至完全丧失[2-4]。因此,探讨研究番石榴果实采后冷害发生的机理及控制技术,已成为解决番石榴果实贮运保鲜问题的关键。
三磷酸腺苷(ATP)作为能量在植物体内的存在形式,是维持植物体生命活动最重要的能量库。ATP含量的高低在一定程度上可反映植物体本身的能量水平。当果蔬受到低温胁迫时,过度的能量损耗会影响线粒体中酶的活性和电子传递链,从而阻断ATP产生并引发能量供给不足,导致采后果蔬冷害发生。因此认为,保持较高水平的ATP含量对减轻采后果蔬冷害有积极作用[5],通过外源施用或内源诱导的ATP可维持胞内的能量代谢平衡,亦能减缓果蔬冷害的发生。这已在香蕉[6-7]、梨[8]、草莓[9]等果实得到证实。
鱼藤酮(rotenone)是一种细胞毒性物质,主要作用于线粒体呼吸链第一部位的电子传递系统,选择性地抑制细胞呼吸链还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADH脱氢酶)活性,阻断NADH氧化过程,降低ATP生成速率,使质子传递受阻,进而增加细胞中活性氧的含量,使得自由基过量累积,促进细胞凋亡[10-13]。因此认为,鱼藤酮可通过抑制细胞线粒体功能抑制ATP生成,从而影响能量水平。
糖可调控植物体的生长发育、生理代谢过程,并与各个呼吸通路之间紧密联系,从而影响植物体的能量水平。糖代谢是糖积累的核心环节[14-15],采后果蔬蔗糖代谢路径节点中的关键酶包括蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶合成方向(SSs)、蔗糖合成酶分解方向(SSc)、酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)等[16],这些酶的活性均与糖的积累密切相关;SSs、SPS可促进采后果蔬中的葡萄糖和果糖转化为蔗糖,而蔗糖在SSc、AI、NI等转化酶的作用下分解成葡萄糖和果糖。低温可导致果实产生冷害,冷害会影响采后果蔬的糖代谢,进而造成糖种类、糖含量不同[17-20]。研究表明,采用草酸、茉莉酸、水杨酸、p-香豆酸、一氧化氮等外源处理可诱导果实糖代谢和糖积累,从而提高果实抗冷性,这已在杏[21]、桃[22-25]、芒果[26]等果实中得到证实。
目前,已有研究结果证明番石榴果实冷害发生与能量水平降低和膜稳定性破坏有关,且外源ATP处理可提高番石榴果实细胞能量和膜稳定性,进而抑制冷害[27]。但鲜见将ATP和鱼藤酮应用于番石榴果实采后冷害调控的研究报道。因此,本研究在前期研究的基础上,以红香番石榴果实为试验材料,研究ATP处理和鱼藤酮处理对采后番石榴果实冷害的影响及其与糖含量和糖代谢相关酶的关系,旨在为采后番石榴果实冷害调控机制的研究提供参考依据。
以红香番石榴果实为试验材料,采收当日从福建漳州将果实运至福建中医药大学(福州),选取大小均匀、色泽一致、无损伤、无病虫害的健康果实作为试验对象。
果实处理:预实验分别采用蒸馏水,0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mmol/L ATP和0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理番石榴果实。贮藏至42 d,0.4、0.6 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实冷害指数与对照组差异不显著,0.8、1.0 mmol/L ATP处理与对照组差异显著。相较而言,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理能更好地控制采后番石榴果实冷害的发生。经鱼藤酮处理的番石榴果实冷害指数与对照组均差异显著,但综合考虑冷害效果和经济成本,选择0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮进行进一步研究。因此,正式实验番石榴果实分别采用蒸馏水(对照)、0.8 mmol/L ATP和0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮浸泡20 min后,用聚乙烯薄膜袋包装(厚度0.015 mm,规格40 cm×30 cm),每袋4个果实,贮藏于(4±1)℃、相对湿度80%~90%条件下,每个贮藏条件不少于21袋。以采收当天为第0天,在贮藏第7、14、21、35、42天取样,观察果实冷害症状和腐烂情况,并将果实的可食部分沿赤道面切成小块,液氮冻结后用低温混合型研磨仪研磨(液氮预冻:5 Hz,40 s;研磨:23 Hz,40 s)成粉末状,保存在-80 ℃超低温冰箱中备用。
试剂:果糖测试盒、蔗糖测试盒、葡萄糖测试盒(葡萄糖氧化酶法)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)测试盒,南京建成生物工程研究所生产;中性转化酶(NI)试剂盒、可溶性酸性转化酶(AI)试剂盒、蔗糖合成酶分解方向(SSc)试剂盒、蔗糖合成酶合成方向(SSs)试剂盒,上海机纯实业有限公司生产;氢氧化钠、亚铁氰化钾、盐酸、酚酞,国药集团化学试剂有限公司生产;3,5-二硝基水杨酸、牛血清蛋白,上海源叶生物科技有限公司生产;D(+)-无水葡萄糖(标准品)、考马斯亮蓝G-250,索莱宝生物科技有限公司生产;氯化钡、磷酸,西陇科学股份有限公司生产;酒石酸钾钠,上海埃彼化学试剂有限公司生产;乙酸锌,阿拉丁试剂(上海)有限公司生产;冰乙酸,上海联试化工试剂有限公司生产;甲基红,上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司生产;草酸,天津市福晨化学试剂厂生产;正丁醇,江苏强盛功能化学股份有限公司生产。
Cryo mill低温混合型研磨仪,德国RETSCH(莱驰)公司生产;AR224CN电子分析天平,奥豪斯仪器(上海)有限公司生产;TGL-16gR高速冷冻离心机,上海安亭科学仪器厂生产;BHS-4恒温水浴锅,群安实验仪器有限公司生产;INFINITE E PLEX多功能酶标仪,湖南博朔生物科技有限公司生产;P5型双光束紫外可见分光光度计,上海美谱达仪器有限公司生产;HY-2旋涡混匀仪,上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司生产;ZX dP-B2050电热恒温培养箱,上海智城分析仪器制造有限公司生产;KQ-500E超声波清洗器,昆山市超声仪器有限公司生产;ATC-1001-m艾科浦超纯水机,重庆颐洋企业发展有限公司生产。
参照陈洪彬等[1]和GONZÁLEZ-AGUILAR等[28]的方法对番石榴果实的冷害症状进行分级评价。计算公式:
按照张朝坤等[4]的方法评价番石榴果实的腐烂情况。计算公式:
果实商品率=(总果数-腐烂果数)÷总果数×100%
采用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法测定[29]。以葡萄糖浓度为纵坐标(y),吸光度值为横坐标(x),线性方程为y=0.2125x+0.0047,相关系数为r=0.9963,线性范围为0~0.120 mg/mL。
取0.20 g果实样品,按质量(g):体积(mL)=1:9的比例加入1.80 mL的生理盐水,制成10%的组织匀浆,于3500×g离心15 min,取上清液待测。按照试剂盒方法测定果实蔗糖含量,单位μmol/g。
取0.20 g果实样品,按质量(g):体积(mL)=1:9的比例加入1.80 mL的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L pH 7.4),制成10%的组织匀浆,于3500×g离心15 min,取上清液待测。按照试剂盒方法测定果实果糖含量,单位mg/g。
取0.10 g果实样品,按质量(g):体积(mL)=1:9的比例加入0.90 mL的磷酸盐缓冲液(0.1 mol/L pH 7.4),制成10%的组织匀浆,于3500×g离心15 min,取上清液待测。按照试剂盒方法测定果实葡萄糖含量,单位mmol/L。
取0.20 g果实样品,按质量(g):体积(mL)=1:9的比例加入1.80 mL的提取液,冰水浴条件下匀浆制成10%的组织匀浆,于4 ℃下12 000×g离心10 min,取上清液待测。按照试剂盒方法测定果实SPS活性,单位μg/(min·mg)。
取0.10 g果实样品,按质量(g):体积(mL)=1:10的比例加入1 mL提取液,进行冰浴匀浆,于4 ℃下8000×g离心10 min,取上清液待测。分别按照试剂盒方法测定果实SSc和SSs活性,单位μg/(min·mg)。
取0.10 g果实样品,按质量(g):体积(mL)=1:10的比例加入1 mL提取液,进行冰浴匀浆,于4 ℃下12 000×g离心10 min,取上清液待测。按照试剂盒方法测定果实AI和NI活性,单位μg/(min·mg)。
采用考马斯亮蓝法测定[30]。以吸光度值为纵坐标(y),以牛血清蛋白质标准溶液(mg/mL)为横坐标(x),线性方程为y=7.3537x+0.0464,相关系数为r=0.9914,线性范围为0~0.096 mg/mL。
上述指标均重复3次,采用Excel软件对实验数据进行整理,使用SPSS 26.0软件中单因素方差分析法对结果进行差异显著性分析。
图1可知,不同处理的番石榴果实冷害指数变化趋势相似,均随贮藏时间的延长而升高,但不同处理的变化幅度不同。与对照相比,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的冷害指数均较低,0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的冷害指数均较高。在贮藏42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的冷害指数(0.35)比对照低27.08%,而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的冷害指数(0.67)比对照高39.58%。在整个贮藏期间,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的冷害指数显著低于对照(P<0.05),0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理显著高于对照(P<0.05)。
不同处理的番石榴果实商品率变化趋势相似,均随贮藏时间的延长而下降,但不同处理的变化趋势存在差异。0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实在贮藏0~28 d内商品率变化较小,之后缓慢下降;而对照和0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理在贮藏0~14 d内变化较平缓,之后快速下降,且0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理在贮藏28~42 d内低于对照。贮藏至42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的商品率比对照高60.00%,差异显著(P<0.05),而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的商品率比对照低40.00%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
图2可知,随着贮藏时间延长,对照和0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的番石榴果实可溶性总糖含量总体呈先降后升的变化趋势,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理呈先升后降再升的趋势。与对照相比,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的可溶性总糖含量在整个贮藏期间均较高,而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理均较低。贮藏至42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的可溶性总糖含量比对照高38.39%,差异显著(P<0.05),0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理为对照的1.13倍,差异显著(P<0.05)。
随着贮藏时间延长,不同处理的番石榴果实还原糖含量的变化趋势不同。0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的还原糖含量在贮藏7 d达到峰值,而对照在35 d。贮藏至7 d时,0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理分别是对照的1.33倍、1.17倍,差异显著(P<0.05);贮藏至35 d时,0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理分别比对照低28.57%、38.46%,差异显著(P<0.05);且在贮藏21~42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的还原糖含量均低于对照。
图3可知,在贮藏期间,对照和0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实蔗糖含量总体呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理变化较平缓。进一步比较发现,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实蔗糖含量显著高于对照(P<0.05),而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理显著低于对照(P<0.05)。
图4可知,对照和0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的番石榴果实果糖含量变化趋势相近,而0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的变化趋势与其相反。0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的果糖含量始终显著低于对照(P<0.05),0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理显著高于对照(P<0.05)。说明0.8 mmol/L ATP处理抑制番石榴果实果糖含量升高;而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理可维持果糖含量在较高水平。
图5可知,不同处理的番石榴果实葡萄糖含量变化趋势相似,均在28 d达到峰值。在贮藏0~21 d内,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实葡萄糖含量显著高于对照和0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理(P<0.05),0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理显著高于对照(P<0.05);在贮藏21~35 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理显著低于对照和0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理(P<0.05);贮藏至42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理分别是对照的11.76倍、15.49倍,差异显著(P<0.05),且0.8 mmol/L ATP处理比0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理低24.08%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
图6可知,不同处理的番石榴果实SPS活性变化趋势相近,表现前期下降、中后期先升高后降低。0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实SPS活性始终高于对照,且差异显著(P<0.05);而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理在贮藏14~28 d低于对照、在贮藏35~42 d高于对照,均差异显著(P<0.05)。贮藏至42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP、0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理分别是对照的1.84倍、1.29倍,差异显著(P<0.05)。
图7可知,不同处理的番石榴果实SSc活性总体呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。对照和0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实SSc活性在14 d达到峰值,而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理在28 d达到峰值。在贮藏0~28 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实SSc活性显著高于对照(P<0.05),但在贮藏35~42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理低于对照。0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理在贮藏0~14 d显著低于对照(P<0.05),而在其余时间显著高于对照(P<0.05)。
不同处理的番石榴果实SSs活性变化趋势相似。与对照相比,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实SSs活性在贮藏前期和贮藏后期均较高,而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理在贮藏14~42 d显著低于对照(P<0.05)。贮藏至42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理是对照的2.15倍,差异显著(P<0.05),而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理比对照低13.84%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
图8可知,对照和0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实AI活性总体呈上升趋势;而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理呈先升后降再升的变化趋势,并在21 d达到峰值。在整个贮藏期内,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理和0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理的番石榴果实AI活性始终高于对照,均差异显著(P<0.05)。贮藏至42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理比对照高59.31%,比0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理低27.43%,差异显著(P<0.05)。
对照和0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的番石榴果实NI活性变化趋势相似,均为先升高后降低,并在贮藏14 d达到峰值;而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理在贮藏的28 d达到峰值。贮藏至42 d,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理比对照低46.56%,差异显著(P<0.05),而0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理是对照的2.71倍,差异显著(P<0.05)。
糖作为果实渗透压调节剂、低温保护剂、信号分子和活性氧清除剂等,对调控果实生理代谢过程以及提高抗冷性具有直接影响[31]。冷害导致采后果蔬糖代谢失衡,SPS、SS、AI、NI等蔗糖代谢相关酶的活性发生变化,从而影响到蔗糖、可溶性总糖、果糖和葡萄糖含量[17-25,32]。但低温胁迫对糖代谢和糖积累的响应特征和变化规律因果实品种、贮藏条件不同而异。贮藏于1 ℃的番木瓜果实与6 ℃相比,AI活性较低,SSc活性较高,延缓了葡萄糖和果糖含量下降,而较高的NI、SSs和SPS活性,维持了较高的蔗糖水平[33]。贮藏于5 ℃的桃果实与10 ℃相比,在整个贮藏期间或贮藏后期AI、NI、SS和SPS活性较高,从而导致蔗糖含量降低、还原糖含量增加[20]。番石榴是冷敏型果实,在5 ℃以下贮藏即发生冷害[1]。本研究发现,番石榴果实在4 ℃下贮藏,会出现果皮褐变,果肉水渍状,果实腐烂,不能正常后熟等冷害症状;随着贮藏时间延长,番石榴果实SPS、SSc活性降低,AI活性升高,SSs、NI活性先上升后下降,促使蔗糖分解加速、合成减少,导致番石榴果实可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量降低,果糖和0~35 d的还原糖含量升高。糖物质可作为糖代谢呼吸途径的基质,由于番石榴果实低温冷害发生导致糖代谢失衡、糖积累减少,从而影响果实呼吸作用,进而降低能量水平,使其冷害指数升高、商品率下降。因此认为,番石榴果实冷害症状的出现是不适宜的低温引起果实SPS活性减弱、AI活性增强、SS合成分解失衡、促进糖含量降低而导致能量亏缺的结果。
ATP是维持果蔬细胞能量供需平衡重要的“能量通货”。前人已将外源ATP处理应用于梨[8]、荔枝[34]、绿豆芽[35]、双孢菇[36]等果蔬的采后贮藏保鲜中,可通过提高其能量水平、维持细胞膜结构的完整性来减轻组织褐变,抵御病原菌侵染,提高果实品质,延长贮藏期,延缓衰老。采后果蔬在不适宜的低温下贮藏,细胞内的氧化磷酸化作用降低、ATP短缺,维持细胞生命活动所需要的能量亏缺。而采用外源ATP处理可保障果蔬低温贮藏过程中的能量供给,提高采后果蔬的耐冷性、减轻冷害发生[5-9,37]。可溶性糖是采后果蔬抗低温胁迫的渗透调节物质,能减轻果蔬低温贮藏过程中的冷应激损伤[38-39];蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖等亦可通过稳定细胞渗透势、清除活性氧自由基等方式增强采后果蔬低温贮藏时抵御冷害的能力,起到低温保护剂的作用[17-25]。但由于果实品种、成熟度、贮藏条件和采后处理方式等不同,哪一种糖在抵御低温中起重要作用尚未定论,研究结果不尽相同[39]。在对枇杷、桃、油桃等果实的研究中发现,较高的SPS活性和较低的SS、AI和NI活性有利于维持较高的蔗糖含量,从而保护细胞膜的完整性,增强果实的抗冷性[17-19,40]。而杏果实抗冷性增加与其体内葡萄糖、果糖等还原糖含量增加有关[21,31]。因此,糖类物质及糖代谢参与果实的低温胁迫响应,在抵御低温冷害胁迫下的抗逆性中发挥了重要作用,可通过积累较高水平的糖含量维持能量供给平衡,从而增强果实抵御冷害的能力。
经0.8 mmol/L ATP处理能降低番石榴果实的冷害指数,提高商品率,降低冷害对番石榴果实的损伤;提高SPS活性、贮藏后期SSs活性;降低贮藏中、后期NI活性、贮藏后期SSc活性,从而有效抑制番石榴果实可溶性总糖、蔗糖含量的下降,并抑制了果糖、贮藏中期葡萄糖含量的上升,导致贮藏中、后期还原糖含量的降低。但在整个贮藏期间,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理的AI活性高于对照,这可能与提高AI活性促进己糖积累,更多的己糖用于呼吸作用[41-42],进而提高能量水平有关。因此,0.8 mmol/L ATP处理可通过调控糖代谢,诱导蔗糖合成酶活性提高和分解酶活性降低,促进蔗糖合成,进而提高果实抗冷性,减轻冷害发生。
鱼藤酮作为呼吸解偶联剂,可使细胞的电子传递链受到抑制,降低ATP水平,导致能量亏缺。经0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理增加番石榴果实的冷害指数,降低果实的商品率,促进冷害发生;诱导SSs、贮藏中期SPS活性降低,AI、贮藏中、后期SSc和NI活性升高;在SPS、SSc、SSs、AI和NI共同作用下,促进蔗糖分解,可溶性糖积累减少,果糖含量升高。但在贮藏14~42 d,0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮的还原糖含量低于对照和0.8 mmol/L ATP处理,这可能与鱼藤酮处理后的番石榴果实冷害症状较早出现有关,由于冷害引起呼吸作用异常变化,使得还原糖在呼吸作用中最先被分解利用,进而降低其在贮藏中、后期的含量。因此,0.2 mmol/L鱼藤酮处理诱导番石榴果实糖代谢失衡,加快蔗糖及其他多糖转化为单糖的过程,促使蔗糖、可溶性糖含量快速降低,加剧果实冷害发生。
通过研究番石榴果实低温贮藏期间糖含量和糖代谢相关酶的变化发现,与对照果实相比,ATP处理降低果实冷害,提高SPS、AI活性和贮藏后期SSs活性,降低NI活性和贮藏后期SSc活性,抑制果糖和贮藏中期葡萄糖含量上升,使蔗糖、可溶性总糖含量维持在较高水平,提高果实抗冷性和商品率;鱼藤酮处理加剧果实冷害,通过同时抑制SSs、贮藏中期SPS活性升高,AI、NI和贮藏中、后期SSc活性降低,加快蔗糖分解,果糖含量增加,降低可溶性总糖和还原糖,果实商品率低。因此,ATP处理能增强番石榴果实的抗冷性,这可能与提高蔗糖和可溶性总糖含量的变化密切相关;而鱼藤酮处理诱导糖代谢失衡,加剧冷害。这为完善低温胁迫下番石榴果实冷害机制以及控制采后番石榴果实冷劣变、提高抗冷性、延长贮藏保鲜期提供理论依据。
  • 福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01357)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.022
  • 接收时间:2024-11-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14
  • 录用日期:2025-01-27
基金
福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01357)
作者信息
    1.福建中医药大学,福建福州 350122
    2.福建省产品质量检验研究院,福建福州 350002

通讯作者:

* 李守江(LI Shoujiang),E-mail:
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.022
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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