Article(id=1277240995515331540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1739635200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-02-16, onlineDate=1782447583321, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447583321, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447583321, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447583321, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1185, endPage=1196, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240995813127126, articleId=1277240995515331540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Shading on Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Taraxacum grypodon Dahlst., columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Taraxacum grypodon Dahlst. is an important medicinal and edible perennial herb. To study the effects of light intensity on the growth and secondary metabolites of T. grypodon can lay a foundation for revealing the formation mechanism of its secondary metabolites, and provide crucial reference for its subsequent comprehensive development and utilization, and also provide guidance for establishing high-quality and high-yield dandelion artificial cultivation system. In this study, four shading gradients (the light transmittance was 100%, 80%, 50%, 30%, respectively) were set up in the greenhouse to cultivate T. grypodon. At the time of harvesting, the growth related indicators were measured, and the sugar, flavonoids, total phenols, and lignin components in the aboveground leaves and underground roots were analyzed. 100% light transmittance was conducive to the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of T. grypodon. Under this light condition, leaf length, root length, aboveground and underground biomass were the highest (P<0.05), and the SPAD value of leaves was the largest. The total sugar and polysaccharide contents of leaves and roots were the highest when the light transmittance was 100%, and the total sugar content in roots was significantly higher than that in leaves (P<0.05), and the polysaccharide content in roots was significantly higher than that in leaves. The content of reducing sugar in leaves and roots both was the highest when the light transmittance was 50%. The content of reducing sugar in leaves and roots both had significant difference under different shading treatment. The flavonoids content in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots (P<0.05), and reached to the highest content in 100% light transmittance. The total phenolic content in leaves was significantly higher than that in roots (P<0.05), and reached to the highest at 100% light transmittance, but decreased significantly after shading. The lignin content in roots was significantly higher than that in leaves (P<0.05), and both reduced under shading. In conclusion, the flavonoids and phenols of T. grypodon are mainly accumulated in leaves, while total sugars and polysaccharides were mainly accumulated in roots. Sufficient light is more conducive to the accumulation of the metabolites and plant growth. Proper shading is beneficial to the accumulation of reducing sugar, reduces the content of total phenol and lignin, and increases the taste quality of T. grypodon. In production, both medicinal and edible quanlity should be taken into account, so the cultivation conditions of T. grypodon are suitable for no shaded or slightly shaded habitats.

, authors=null, authorsList=Mingjun DAI, Minjing SHI, Yuezhang CHEN, Hua ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Minjing SHI, Hua ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240996995920866, articleId=1277240995515331540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=遮荫对反苞蒲公英生长以及次生代谢物的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

反苞蒲公英是一种重要的药食同源植物,研究光照强度对反苞蒲公英的生长和次生代谢物的影响,可为揭示其次生代谢物的形成机制奠定基础,为后续对反苞蒲公英进行综合开发利用提供关键参考依据,而且对建立优质、高产的蒲公英人工栽培体系具有重要的指导作用。本研究采用温室分区栽培反苞蒲公英,分别设置4个遮光梯度处理(透光率分别为100%、80%、50%、30%),采收时测定生长相关的各项指标,并分析地上部分和地下部分中糖分、类黄酮、总酚以及木质素等成分。研究结果表明:(1)100%透光率有利于反苞蒲公英的生长和光合效率,该条件下其叶长、根长以及地上和地下部分的生物量最高(P<0.05),叶片的SPAD值最大。(2)100%透光率下,叶和根中的总糖和多糖含量均最高。且地下部分中的总糖含量显著高于地上部分总糖的含量(P<0.05),地下部分多糖含量显著高于地上部分多糖含量(P<0.05)。(3)50%透光率下地上部分和地下部分还原糖含量最高。不同遮光处理地上部分和地下部分还原糖含量均差异显著。(4)地上部分的类黄酮含量显著高于地下部分类黄酮的含量(P<0.05),且100%透光率下地上部分类黄酮含量最高。(5)地上部分总酚含量显著高于地下部分的含量(P<0.05),且在100%透光率下含量最高,遮荫后显著降低。(6)地下部分木质素含量显著高于地上部分(P<0.05),遮荫降低木质素含量。综上可知,反苞蒲公英类黄酮和总酚主要积累在地上部分中,总糖和多糖主要积累在地下部分,充足的光照更利于这些代谢物的积累以及植株的生长;适当的遮荫有利于还原糖的积累,降低总酚和木质素的含量,增加食用的口感品质。在实际生产中,兼顾药用和食用,反苞蒲公英的栽培条件适宜无遮荫或者轻度遮荫的生境。

, authors=

戴明鋆(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生理生化。

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* 张华(ZHANG Hua),E-mail:;
史敏晶(SHI Minjing),E-mail:
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2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277240997704758257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, authorId=1277240997423739884, language=CN, stringName=戴明鋆, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝 860000
2.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口 571101, bio={"content":"

戴明鋆(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生理生化。

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戴明鋆(1999—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物生理生化。

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Effects of light intensities on the flavor quality of dandelion cultivated in greenhouse[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Agricultre, 2021, 36(4): 44-47. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of light intensities on the flavor quality of dandelion cultivated in greenhouse, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277241005480996889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, awardId=2022YFD2301201, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241005539717146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, awardId=RRIKLOF202306, language=CN, fundingSource=中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所2024年开放课题(RRIKLOF202306), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277241005606826011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, awardId=202402AE09001901, language=CN, fundingSource=云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202402AE09001901), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277240997255967716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240997264356325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, companyId=1277240997255967716, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 860000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240997272744934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, companyId=1277240997255967716, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝 860000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277240997348242407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240997356631016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, companyId=1277240997348242407, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240997369213929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, companyId=1277240997348242407, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277241003698417675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Effects of different shading treatments on growth indicators in T. grypodon

A and B are the potted plant figure and the whole plant figure, different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=CGP+TcU5WkTX2OOjtsERCg==, figureFileBig=88Vxo3Z4yLnL0KHpZyZsPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241004038156300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同遮荫处理对反苞蒲公英生长指标的影响

A和B分别为盆栽图和全株图,不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=CGP+TcU5WkTX2OOjtsERCg==, figureFileBig=88Vxo3Z4yLnL0KHpZyZsPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241004205928461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different shading treatments on biomass in T. grypodon

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=MW0TDZYnaGHfTZIAgcy4hw==, figureFileBig=/yZmjzpgP046htFIrD5bQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241004424032270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同遮荫处理对反苞蒲公英生物量的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=MW0TDZYnaGHfTZIAgcy4hw==, figureFileBig=/yZmjzpgP046htFIrD5bQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241004516306959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Effects of different shading treatments on SPAD values of leaf in T. grypodon

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=MgfOQPqeBtrmZ2osjJ/0cA==, figureFileBig=e3L7Ov44W9T+x+imh5WjZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241004591804432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同遮荫处理对反苞蒲公英叶绿素SPAD值的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=MgfOQPqeBtrmZ2osjJ/0cA==, figureFileBig=e3L7Ov44W9T+x+imh5WjZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241004881211409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Effects of different shading treatments on saccharides and flavonoids content of the aboveground and underground parts in T. grypodon

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=pEMzQX8lYQ63S4/TN23DOg==, figureFileBig=1OlOSF6lFe1jvMXzZixycw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241004948320274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同遮荫处理对反苞蒲公英地上和地下部分中糖分和类黄酮含量的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=pEMzQX8lYQ63S4/TN23DOg==, figureFileBig=1OlOSF6lFe1jvMXzZixycw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241005011234835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Effects of different shading treatment on total phenolic and lignin content of the aboveground and underground parts in T. grypodon

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=uW/ILU2QpSIRjcthOWOHdA==, figureFileBig=QwDCMF/8/QQT55KM0c+1Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241005074149396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同遮荫处理对反苞蒲公英地上和地下部分中总酚和木质素含量的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=uW/ILU2QpSIRjcthOWOHdA==, figureFileBig=QwDCMF/8/QQT55KM0c+1Kg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277241005149646869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components of various indicators in the aboveground part of dandelion under shading treatment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index因子载荷Factor loading
F1F2
叶长–0.9860.089
叶宽–0.574–0.811
鲜质量–0.9670.210
干物质含量0.5560.809
SPAD–0.4080.814
总糖–0.955–0.283
还原糖–0.759–0.625
多糖–0.9980.023
类黄酮–0.9680.241
总酚–0.8630.491
木质素–0.4750.751
特征值7.1023.361
贡献率/%64.5630.56
累计贡献率/%64.5695.12
), ArticleFig(id=1277241005225144342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

遮荫处理下反包蒲公英地上部分各指标主成分的特征向量及贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index因子载荷Factor loading
F1F2
叶长–0.9860.089
叶宽–0.574–0.811
鲜质量–0.9670.210
干物质含量0.5560.809
SPAD–0.4080.814
总糖–0.955–0.283
还原糖–0.759–0.625
多糖–0.9980.023
类黄酮–0.9680.241
总酚–0.8630.491
木质素–0.4750.751
特征值7.1023.361
贡献率/%64.5630.56
累计贡献率/%64.5695.12
), ArticleFig(id=1277241005304836119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components of various indicators in the underground part of dandelion under shading treatment

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指标Index因子载荷Factor loading
F1F2
根长–0.3920.744
主根直径–0.7370.472
鲜质量–0.8280.542
干物质含量0.9530.098
总糖–0.9950.035
还原糖–0.359–0.922
多糖–0.9720.211
类黄酮–0.874–0.475
总酚–0.928–0.354
木质素0.1700.951
特征值6.0083.232
贡献率/%60.0832.32
累计贡献率/%60.0892.40
), ArticleFig(id=1277241005388722200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240995515331540, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

遮荫处理下反包蒲公英地下部分各指标主成分的特征向量及贡献率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index因子载荷Factor loading
F1F2
根长–0.3920.744
主根直径–0.7370.472
鲜质量–0.8280.542
干物质含量0.9530.098
总糖–0.9950.035
还原糖–0.359–0.922
多糖–0.9720.211
类黄酮–0.874–0.475
总酚–0.928–0.354
木质素0.1700.951
特征值6.0083.232
贡献率/%60.0832.32
累计贡献率/%60.0892.40
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遮荫对反苞蒲公英生长以及次生代谢物的影响
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戴明鋆 1, 2 , 史敏晶 2, * , 陈玥章 1, 2 , 张华 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(5): 1185-1196
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (5) : 1185 -1196
遮荫对反苞蒲公英生长以及次生代谢物的影响
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戴明鋆1, 2, 史敏晶2, * , 陈玥章1, 2, 张华1, *
作者信息
  • 1.西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝 860000
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 张华(ZHANG Hua),E-mail:;
史敏晶(SHI Minjing),E-mail:
Effects of Shading on Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Taraxacum grypodon Dahlst.
Mingjun DAI1, 2, Minjing SHI2, * , Yuezhang CHEN1, 2, Hua ZHANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Xizang 860000, China
  • 2.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / State Key Laboratory Incubation Base of Cultivation and Physiology for Tropical Crops, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.017
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反苞蒲公英是一种重要的药食同源植物,研究光照强度对反苞蒲公英的生长和次生代谢物的影响,可为揭示其次生代谢物的形成机制奠定基础,为后续对反苞蒲公英进行综合开发利用提供关键参考依据,而且对建立优质、高产的蒲公英人工栽培体系具有重要的指导作用。本研究采用温室分区栽培反苞蒲公英,分别设置4个遮光梯度处理(透光率分别为100%、80%、50%、30%),采收时测定生长相关的各项指标,并分析地上部分和地下部分中糖分、类黄酮、总酚以及木质素等成分。研究结果表明:(1)100%透光率有利于反苞蒲公英的生长和光合效率,该条件下其叶长、根长以及地上和地下部分的生物量最高(P<0.05),叶片的SPAD值最大。(2)100%透光率下,叶和根中的总糖和多糖含量均最高。且地下部分中的总糖含量显著高于地上部分总糖的含量(P<0.05),地下部分多糖含量显著高于地上部分多糖含量(P<0.05)。(3)50%透光率下地上部分和地下部分还原糖含量最高。不同遮光处理地上部分和地下部分还原糖含量均差异显著。(4)地上部分的类黄酮含量显著高于地下部分类黄酮的含量(P<0.05),且100%透光率下地上部分类黄酮含量最高。(5)地上部分总酚含量显著高于地下部分的含量(P<0.05),且在100%透光率下含量最高,遮荫后显著降低。(6)地下部分木质素含量显著高于地上部分(P<0.05),遮荫降低木质素含量。综上可知,反苞蒲公英类黄酮和总酚主要积累在地上部分中,总糖和多糖主要积累在地下部分,充足的光照更利于这些代谢物的积累以及植株的生长;适当的遮荫有利于还原糖的积累,降低总酚和木质素的含量,增加食用的口感品质。在实际生产中,兼顾药用和食用,反苞蒲公英的栽培条件适宜无遮荫或者轻度遮荫的生境。

反苞蒲公英  /  遮荫  /  光照强度  /  生长  /  次生代谢物

Taraxacum grypodon Dahlst. is an important medicinal and edible perennial herb. To study the effects of light intensity on the growth and secondary metabolites of T. grypodon can lay a foundation for revealing the formation mechanism of its secondary metabolites, and provide crucial reference for its subsequent comprehensive development and utilization, and also provide guidance for establishing high-quality and high-yield dandelion artificial cultivation system. In this study, four shading gradients (the light transmittance was 100%, 80%, 50%, 30%, respectively) were set up in the greenhouse to cultivate T. grypodon. At the time of harvesting, the growth related indicators were measured, and the sugar, flavonoids, total phenols, and lignin components in the aboveground leaves and underground roots were analyzed. 100% light transmittance was conducive to the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of T. grypodon. Under this light condition, leaf length, root length, aboveground and underground biomass were the highest (P<0.05), and the SPAD value of leaves was the largest. The total sugar and polysaccharide contents of leaves and roots were the highest when the light transmittance was 100%, and the total sugar content in roots was significantly higher than that in leaves (P<0.05), and the polysaccharide content in roots was significantly higher than that in leaves. The content of reducing sugar in leaves and roots both was the highest when the light transmittance was 50%. The content of reducing sugar in leaves and roots both had significant difference under different shading treatment. The flavonoids content in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots (P<0.05), and reached to the highest content in 100% light transmittance. The total phenolic content in leaves was significantly higher than that in roots (P<0.05), and reached to the highest at 100% light transmittance, but decreased significantly after shading. The lignin content in roots was significantly higher than that in leaves (P<0.05), and both reduced under shading. In conclusion, the flavonoids and phenols of T. grypodon are mainly accumulated in leaves, while total sugars and polysaccharides were mainly accumulated in roots. Sufficient light is more conducive to the accumulation of the metabolites and plant growth. Proper shading is beneficial to the accumulation of reducing sugar, reduces the content of total phenol and lignin, and increases the taste quality of T. grypodon. In production, both medicinal and edible quanlity should be taken into account, so the cultivation conditions of T. grypodon are suitable for no shaded or slightly shaded habitats.

Taraxacum grypodon Dahlst.  /  shading  /  light intensity  /  growth  /  secondary metabolite
戴明鋆, 史敏晶, 陈玥章, 张华. 遮荫对反苞蒲公英生长以及次生代谢物的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1185 -1196 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.017
Mingjun DAI, Minjing SHI, Yuezhang CHEN, Hua ZHANG. Effects of Shading on Growth and Secondary Metabolites of Taraxacum grypodon Dahlst.[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1185 -1196 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.017
蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand. -Mazz.)是菊科多年生药、食两用草本植物。蒲公英适应性强,在我国分布范围极广,共计有70多种[1-2]。唐代《新修本草》(亦称《唐本草》)作为世界上第一部由国家颁布的药典中就有“叶似苦苣,花黄,断有白汁,人皆啖之”的食用记载,以及清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋等药用功效的记载。我国于20世纪60年代才开始对蒲公英的现代医药学进行研究,目前在蒲公英植物分类、化学成分提取、药理药效以及开发应用等多个方面都取得了良好的进展[3-7]。反苞蒲公英(Taraxacum grypodon Dahlst.)主要分布在西藏、四川,作为蒲公英属的主要药食同源种类[8],反苞蒲公英很早就被人提及[9-10],但其相关研究很少。蒋毅等[11]研究发现采集于西藏林芝色季拉山地区的反苞蒲公英全草多糖含量最高可达440 mg/g,总黄酮含量可达61 mg/g,多糖和黄酮类是蒲公英中的主要活性成分[12-14],与其药理活性密切相关,反苞蒲公英富含多糖以及黄酮[11],表明其具有较高的药用开发价值。酚酸以及木质素含量会影响植物食用的口感和品质[15-16],反苞蒲公英作为食用野生蔬菜,这2种成分含量及其对食用品质的影响也尚无明确报道。
光是植物生存最重要的环境因素之一,光照不仅是光合作用的能量来源,而且对植物的生长发育、干物质分配以及次生代谢物积累等均有明显的影响[17-21],最近研究还表明光是一种胁迫因子,影响植物对生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的应答反应[22]。对于植物研究领域,光照可分为光照强度、光质和光周期3个重要的参数,其中光照强度对植物的影响研究较为深广。在一定的光照强度范围内,光合速率和光照强度呈正比例关系,光照太弱和过强都会对植物造成伤害,不利于植物的生长[22-24]。不同植物生长需要特定的光照强度,寻找合适的光照强度对植物的生长以及优化人工栽培环境至关重要。已有研究表明,蒲公英属植物的药用价值直接受其重要次生代谢物类黄酮等含量的影响,而光照强度明显影响这些次生代谢物的积累[19,22,25]。野生反苞蒲公英的生长环境一般在河谷草地,作为一种低矮的草本植物,遮荫是不可避免的,遮荫造成的不同光照条件对反苞蒲公英生长以及形成次生代谢物有何影响目前尚不清楚。对不同遮荫处理的反苞蒲公英生长以及主要次生代谢物含量展开研究,旨在剖析光照这一重要环境因子对反苞蒲公英生物学特性以及品质的影响,为高品质的药食两用植物的人工栽培条件的优化提供依据。
2023年6月—8月,西藏农牧学院张华副教授采集生长于西藏林芝市区的野生反苞蒲公英的成熟种子,除去喙和冠毛,于纸袋中室温干燥保存并安全邮寄到海南。2023年9月,于中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所对种子进行消毒处理后置于培养皿中发芽,待长出3片真叶时,移栽到蛭石营养土盆中。
乙醇、苯酚、硫酸等为国产分析纯(广州化学试剂),芦丁、葡萄糖标样,植物类黄酮、总酚、还原糖以及木质素含量检测试剂盒(比色法)均购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,超声波清洗机为SB-3200D型(中国宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司),离心机为Thermo Legend micro 17R型台式机(德国),全波长酶标仪为Thermo Multiskan Go型(芬兰)。叶绿素测定为柯尼卡美能达SPAD-502P叶绿素仪(日本)。
温室栽培(16~20 ℃,光照16 h,黑暗8 h,4支T5型28 W的组培专用灯,高度55 cm),定期浇水,待幼苗生长30 d后,选取长势均匀的40株健康苗,10株/组,分别进行遮光处理。遮光材料为市售黑色遮阳网,分别为3、6、8针,对应透光率分别为80%、50%和30%,即3种处理T1、T2、T3,未遮光的透光率为100%,即对照T0。60 d后采收。
采收之前,测定叶SPAD值。每株选择3片绿色健康成熟叶,选取叶片中间叶色浓绿部位,用手持SPAD-502P叶绿素仪进行SPAD值测定。每种处理10株蒲公英,取平均值进行分析。
每组遮荫处理的10株蒲公英植株,每株均测量发育成熟的最长叶片的长度(从叶柄基部到叶尖)和成熟叶片的最宽部位的宽度。采收后清洗干净,将根顺直,测量着生叶的主根顶端到最末端须根的长度(即为根长);主根最粗部位的直径通过游标卡尺测定。将植株从莲座状叶着生的基部切开,分为地上和地下2个部分,分别称重,即为地上部分鲜质量和地下部分质量。将地上和地下部分分别装在透气的样品袋中,45 ℃烘干至恒重后称重,然后分别计算干物质含量。每种处理的10株蒲公英测定后取平均值进行分析。
于45 ℃烘干至恒重,研磨成粉末后,过40目筛除去粗渣,室温干燥保存备用。参照蒋毅等[11]、徐圆圆等[26]的方法。称取0.1 g干粉,加入1 mL 60%乙醇充分混匀后超声波结合加热提取黄酮,提取时间为30 min。过滤后,于室温下12 000 r/min离心10 min,取上清液,60%乙醇定容至1 mL,待测。
利用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠显色法测定黄酮含量。按照生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司植物类黄酮含量检测试剂盒(比色法)说明书进行,以超纯水为空白样品,以470 nm下比色测定的空白OD值作为对照。以芦丁标准溶液的浓度为横坐标(x),对应OD值为纵坐标(y),绘制标准曲线,得方程为y=0.5995x–0.011 64(R2=0.9943),说明质量浓度与吸光度具有良好线性关系。以样品OD值和空白对照OD值之差代入标准曲线方程中,计算出样品类黄酮浓度,然后换算每克干质量样品所含的类黄酮。
参照蒋毅等[11]、李国琴等[27]的方法。样品干粉按照料液比为1∶20(w/V)加入热水充分混匀后,80 ℃热水浴提取90 min,超声波加热提取20 min(超声功率为800 W,破碎5 s,间歇2 s)。过滤,室温12 000 r/min离心20 min后,取上清液作为总糖和还原性糖的待测样品。
利用苯酚-硫酸法测定总糖含量。490 nm比色测定溶液OD值。以超纯水为空白样品。利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸比色法(DNS法)测定还原性糖含量。按照生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司还原糖含量检测试剂盒(比色法)说明书,540 nm比色测定溶液OD值。以超纯水为空白样品。以配制好的葡萄糖标准溶液浓度为横坐标(x),对应OD值为纵坐标(y),分别绘制总糖和还原糖标准曲线,分别得到总糖标准曲线方程y=7.9545x+0.0750(R2=0.9991)以及还原糖标准曲线方程y=3.7917x–0.0414(R2=0.9865),说明质量浓度与吸光度具有良好线性关系。以样品OD值和空白对照OD值之差代入标准曲线方程中,计算出样品浓度,并分别计算最终每克干质量样品的总糖和还原糖含量。最后,计算出样品的多糖含量(多糖含量=总糖含量–还原糖含量)。
参考文亦芾等[28]的方法,以酚类和钨钼酸反应后产生蓝色化合物,然后利用比色法测定含量。具体按照生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司植物总酚含量检测试剂盒(比色法)说明书。以没食子酸配制标准母液标准曲线绘制,在760 nm比色测定标准溶液OD值。以配制好的标准溶液浓度为横坐标(x),对应OD值为纵坐标(y),绘制标准曲线,得方程为y=3.4726x+0.0075(R2=0.9966)。以样品OD值和空白对照OD值之差代入标准曲线方程中,计算出样品浓度,换算最终每克干质量样品的总酚含量。
参考王建庆等[29]的方法,利用乙酰溴法测定木质素含量。具体为:准确称取烘干至恒重的样品粉末5 mg于2 mL EP管。按照木质素含量检测试剂盒(比色法)说明书,280 nm下测定OD值。同时,准备不加入样品的处理为空白对照。根据公式计算:木质素含量(mg/g)=ΔA÷ε÷d×V检测÷(V上清×W÷V乙酰化)。其中,V乙酰化为乙酰化反应体积,1.02 mL;ε为木质素消光系数,23.35 mL/(mg·cm-1);d为96孔板光径,0.6 cm;V上清为上清液体积,0.02 mL;V检测为检测体积(mL),0.2 mL;W为样本质量(g)。
采用Excel 2003以及SPSS 25.0软件进行数据分析以及作图,应用Graphpad Prism 9.5软件进行主成分分析(PCA分析),采用单因素方差分析和Duncan软件进行数据多重比较分析差异显著性(P<0.05)。图表数据为平均值±标准误。
对4个不同级别光照强度条件下培养的植株进行比较研究,结果表明,光照强度对反苞蒲公英的生长有明显影响(图1)。
在海南温室种植的蒲公英叶裂浅,叶形态为匙形。遮荫处理下,反苞蒲公英全株长势明显减弱(图1A图1B)。成熟叶片的长度明显受光照强度的影响,对照(100%透光率)叶长均值在23 cm以上,显著高于遮光处理(均降低到19 cm以下),且不同处理之间差异显著(P<0.05),但50%的透光率处理下叶片长度反而高于80%透光率(图1C);叶片宽度受光照强度影响的变化规律和叶长并不完全一致,50%透光率下叶片宽度均值大于4 cm,显著高于其他样本(P<0.05)(图1D)。根的长度随着光照强度减弱依次逐渐降低,全光照根均值约20 cm,30%透光率样本根长度仅12.5 cm左右,与其他处理差异达到显著性水平(P<0.05)(图1E)。主根的直径全光照样本最高(约5.7 mm),与其他样本差异显著(P<0.05)(图1F)。
地上部分鲜质量在光照强度减弱的情况下均明显下降,全光照的样本鲜质量(均值约2.8 g)显著高于各种遮荫处理(P<0.05)。50%透光率样本相较80%透光率样本有所反弹回升,但也仅只有1.4 g,30%透光率样本鲜质量仅0.2 g左右,生物量极小(图2A)。地上部分干物质含量为10%~14%,不同处理之间差异不如鲜质量明显,其中仅80%透光率样本(最高)显著高于50%透光率样本(最低),其他样本之间差异未达到显著水平(图2B),表明光照强度明显影响了地上部分的生物量。不同遮光处理地下部分样本鲜质量差异明显(图2C),对照均值约1.3 g,而遮光处理的样本均低于0.4 g,显著低于对照,其中30%透光率样本甚至不足0.1 g,可见植株的长势极弱。地下部分干物质含量为15%~23%,明显高于地上部分的干物质含量,但最高为80%透光率的样本,最低为对照样本(P<0.05)(图2D),可见遮光处理加强了地下部分干物质的积累和贮存。对地上和地下部分各项生长指标和生物量综合比较分析,均表明遮光明显抑制了反苞蒲公英的生长,30%透光率对其生长极为不利。
对不同光照强度下叶片的叶绿素相对含量进行了初步分析(图3),结果表明,不遮光条件下,已经发育完全的成熟叶片的叶绿素相对含量SPAD平均值为28.5,随着遮光加强,叶绿素SPAD值持续下降,透光率50%和30%处理的植株SPAD仅为25.6和23.6,与对照均达到显著差异水平(P<0.05)。叶绿素的SPAD值高低与其光合能力强弱密切相关,叶绿素含量的降低对光合作用带来明显的不利影响。
鉴于30%透光率的样本长势极弱,生物量低,作为药食两用的意义不大,本研究主要分析了50%透光率之上的3个光照强度下培养的植株样本,分别测定了地上部分叶和地下部分根的几种次生代谢物含量。研究结果表明(图4A),反苞蒲公英在不同光照强度下叶中总糖含量在67.4~120.6 mg/g之间,根中的总糖含量在293.8~602.7 mg/g之间,地下部分总糖含量显著高于同样光照条件下地上部分总糖含量(P<0.05),可见,总糖主要积累在地下部分中。总体来看,遮荫降低总糖含量,尤其对地下根的影响更为明显,50%透光率情况下地上和地下部分总糖含量有所反弹升高,可能是对光照不足的调整适应。
还原糖测定结果表明(图4B),叶还原糖含量在26.9~54.6 mg/g之间,地下部分还原糖含量在16.7~71.1 mg/g之间,3个不同光照条件下样本含量差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。和全光照相比,地上部分和地下部分在80%透光条件下还原糖均显著降低,50%透光率情况下则显著增加(P<0.05),推测还原糖含量高低与其对光照环境的适应有关。
多糖分析结果表明(图4C),叶多糖含量在40.4~75.1 mg/g之间,不同光照强度下多糖含量无显著差异。地下部分中多糖含量在277.0~570.1 mg/g之间,显著高于地上部分的含量,且不同光照条件下地下部分的多糖含量差异显著(P<0.05)。可见,多糖这种重要的生物活性物质主要积累在地下部分,且明显受光照强弱的影响。
综上,不同光照强度下总糖、还原糖和多糖的含量都有明显的不同,表明遮荫影响了反苞蒲公英的糖分代谢过程。
类黄酮分析结果表明(4D),地上部分的类黄酮含量在30.3~174.1 mg/g之间,光照强度对其含量有明显影响,2种遮荫处理都显著降低了类黄酮的含量(P<0.05)。地下部分中类黄酮含量在11.9~28.6 mg/g之间,80%透光率的光照类黄酮含量最低。对地上和地下部分中类黄酮含量进行比较分析,地上部分的类黄酮含量显著高于地下部分中类黄酮的含量(P<0.05),可见,反苞蒲公英中的类黄酮主要积累在叶片中,且充足的光照有利于其积累。
对不同处理样本总酚测定结果表明(图5A),地上部分中总酚含量在33.3~67.5 mg/g之间,遮光处理地上部分中总酚含量显著降低。地下部分中的总酚含量在7.4~15.2 mg/g之间,显著低于地上部分的含量(P<0.05),可见,反苞蒲公英中的总酚主要积累在地上部分中。50%透光率下,地上和地下部分中多酚含量出现反弹升高,且显著高于80%透光率的样本。
木质素分析结果表明(图5B),地上部分中的木质素含量在147.9~164.6 mg/g之间,而地下部分的含量在233.2~268.9 mg/g,可见地下部分中木质素含量显著高于地上部分(P<0.05)。不同光照强度对地上和地下部分中的木质素含量均有影响,主要表现为光照强度减弱木质素含量降低,但相对前几种代谢物,木质素含量变化幅度不大。
对遮荫处理的地上和地下部分的的生长和次生代谢多项指标进行主成分分析,得到因子载荷、特征值和贡献率(表1表2)。
表1可知,将地上部分测得的各性状指标转换为2个相互独立的综合指标(分别用F1、F2表示)。这2个主成分的累计贡献率达到了95.12%,其特征值λ>1,说明它们能够很好地代表原始数据的大部分信息,可作为分析数据的有效信息。F1在叶长、鲜质量、总糖、多糖、类黄酮、总酚等指标上具有较高的载荷量(绝对值较大),且载荷值大多为负值,说明这些指标与F1呈较强的负相关关系。F2在叶宽、干物质含量、SPAD值、木质素等指标上有较高的载荷量,且正负值均有,说明这些指标与F2存在不同程度的相关关系。F1特征值为7.102,贡献率为64.56%,说明F1对原始数据的解释能力最强,是影响反包蒲公英叶生长和代谢的主要主成分。F2特征值为3.361,贡献率为30.56%,对原始数据的解释能力相对较弱,但仍然是一个重要的主成分。
表2可知,地下部分测得的各性状指标也可转换为2个相互独立的综合指标(用F1、F2表示)。这2个主成分的累计贡献率达到92.40%,其特征值λ>1,说明它们能够很好地代表原始数据的大部分信息,可作为分析数据的有效信息。F1中总糖、多糖、总酚、类黄酮等指标有较高的载荷量且多为负值,表明这些指标与该主成分呈较强的负相关关系。F2中根长、主根直径、鲜质量、木质素有较高的正载荷量,说明这些指标与该主成分呈正相关关系;还原糖载荷为–0.922,呈较明显的负相关。F1特征值为6.008,贡献率为60.08%,对原始数据的解释能力最强,是影响反包蒲公英根相关指标的主要主成分。F2特征值为3.232,贡献率为32.32%,对原始数据的解释能力相对较弱,但也是重要的主成分。
综合主成分分析可知,遮荫对反包蒲公英的次生代谢以及物质积累方面影响较大,遮荫可能通过影响相关酶活性或代谢途径,改变这些物质的合成与积累。遮荫会显著影响反包蒲公英的生长形态发育,改变其生长速度和形态建成。
蒲公英是重要的药食同源植物,其组织中包括黄酮类、糖类、维生素、蛋白质、萜类、甾醇类、酚酸类、木质素以及挥发油等多种化学成分[13,30-31],黄酮类和多糖类是蒲公英中与其药理活性密切相关的活性成分[32-33],而酚酸类和木质素类则与其食用的口感品质密切相关。反苞蒲公英主要分布在我国西南地区,作为一种生物量大、多糖含量高的品种[11],可作为一种优良的资源进行开发利用。光照对植物的生长发育、次生代谢等产生全方位的影响[34-35],不同的植物受光照强度的影响不同,对遮荫的适应也不同[36-37],反苞蒲公英在不同的光照强度下,其生长状态和次生代谢物的积累会有何变化,对遮荫的耐受性如何目前尚未见报道。
本研究发现遮荫改变了反苞蒲公英植株的大小和形态,其生长明显受到光照强弱的影响,表明光照不仅改变其生长速度,还与其形态建成密切相关。在本试验光照条件下,遮荫导致植株的整体长势减弱,但地上和地下部分受到的影响有差异。根的长度和粗细基本随着光照强度的降低而减少,但地上部分叶的长和宽表现出先降低、在50%透光率的条件下出现反弹升高的现象。在本研究中,反苞蒲公英全光照的生物量最高,但叶片宽度最大值是在透光率50%的光照条件,表明该物种对不利的光照条件发生了应答,通过加强横向生长扩大叶面积等措施来适应弱光;30%透光率的光照条件显著抑制反苞蒲公英地上和地下部分的生长,极大地降低其生物量,植物的长势极弱。另外,在遮荫条件下,反苞蒲公英叶片的SPAD值持续降低,而叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关[38-39],直接影响光合效率,从生理方面进一步印证了反苞蒲公英对遮荫的耐受性不高,过低的光照条件不适合作为该物种的栽培条件。蒋欣梅等[19]在研究东蒲一号蒲公英栽培种时,也发现适当的遮光有利于其叶的生长,该种在60%透光率时有最高的生物量。谢小翌等[25]研究不同遮荫对北农1号蒲公英生长的影响发现,透光率100%自然光强下该种蒲公英生物量最大。可见,不同品种的蒲公英对光照强弱的要求不同。
蒲公英的化学成分研究目前主要是针对全草进行,作为多年生草本,对叶和根两大主要器官中重要代谢物分开分析,有利于制定合适的采收策略。本研究对不同光照强度下反苞蒲公英的叶和根中的糖分、总黄酮进行了比较,发现遮荫对地下根中总糖和多糖含量的影响明显高于地上叶中含量的影响,且总糖和多糖主要积累在根中,全光照时含量最高;还原糖在叶和根中含量的差异不如多糖显著,在透光率100%和80%时叶中含量甚至高于根中的含量,50%透光率光照强度下在叶和根中的还原糖含量均升高,还原糖作为植物组织提供甜味口感的化学成分,高含量还原糖对蒲公英食用的口感品质有明显的提升。遮荫对地上叶中类黄酮含量的影响显著高于地下根,且类黄酮主要积累在叶中;100%透光率的全光照类黄酮含量最高。由此可见,光照强度显著影响多糖、类黄酮的合成积累,减少光强明显降低这两种药理活性成分的含量。谢小翌等[25]研究表明重度遮荫不利于北农1号蒲公英叶片类黄酮的积累,100%透光率下类黄酮含量最高;蒋欣梅等[19]研究表明透光率低于40%不利于东蒲一号蒲公英次生代谢物质积累,80%透光率下类黄酮含量最高。这些结果与本研究基本一致,皆表明蒲公英合成药用次生代谢物需要的光照强度较高。反苞蒲公英原产地为西藏、四川,蒋毅等[11]测得生长在西藏色季拉山的反苞蒲公英全草多糖含量可达约400 mg/g,类黄酮达60 mg/g;本研究在海南种植的反苞蒲公英全光照下根中多糖可高达570 mg/g,叶中类黄酮可高达150 mg/g,海南与西藏在海拔以及光照等条件有着明显的差异,但该物种能保留其药物活性成分含量高这一特征,可见这是其物种特性。鉴于根和叶中多糖和类黄酮积累的明显差异,利用蒲公英多年生草本的特性,采收时应考虑根据不同目的分别采集叶或者根。
总酚和木质素含量与植物的食用口感密切相关。总酚中的主要成分单宁会导致植物食用时形成苦涩口感;而木质素使植物组织木质化,导致食用不够柔嫩,影响口感和品质[40]。陈雨田等[41]在研究光照强度对温室栽培的北农1号蒲公英品质的影响时发现,光照强度越大,蒲公英的苦涩味越重,水分和口感越差。本研究表明总酚主要积累在反苞蒲公英叶中,遮光后总酚含量显著降低,但木质素含量变化幅度相对较小。适当的遮荫处理可以降低蒲公英的苦涩味,改善反苞蒲公英作为食用蔬菜的口感,但遮荫处理显著降低其药效成分含量,以及降低其生物量,因此,是否进行遮荫处理以及遮荫的程度如何需要根据栽培的目的来进行综合判断。综上所述,遮荫处理对反苞蒲公英的生长以及次生代谢物的形成均有显著的影响。充足的光照有利于叶和根的生长,增大生物量;药物活性主要成分多糖和黄酮分别主要积累在根和叶中,且都受到光照强度的明显影响,100%全光照下含量最高,表明充足的光照有利于这些次生代谢物的积累,因此,以药用为目的的栽培应保证充足光照条件。还原糖、多酚和木质素含量与食用品质相关,适当的遮荫有利于提高蒲公英食用后回甘,降低苦涩,提高食用的口感。纯粹从食用口感的角度出发,50%透光率的光照条件可以作为以食用为目的的栽培光照条件。在实际生产中,兼顾药用和食用以及生物量,反苞蒲公英的栽培条件适宜无遮荫的开阔生境或者轻度遮荫的环境。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201)
  • 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所2024年开放课题(RRIKLOF202306)
  • 云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202402AE09001901)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.017
  • 接收时间:2024-12-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
  • 录用日期:2025-02-16
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2301201)
中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所2024年开放课题(RRIKLOF202306)
云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202402AE09001901)
作者信息
    1.西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝 860000
    2.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口 571101

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* 张华(ZHANG Hua),E-mail:;
史敏晶(SHI Minjing),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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