Article(id=1277240378260587079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732809600000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1736956800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-16, onlineDate=1782447436155, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447436155, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447436155, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447436155, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1208, endPage=1216, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240378633880137, articleId=1277240378260587079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=EqExo70 Subunit of Exocyst Complex Regulating the Growth and Pathogenicity of Erysiphe quercicola, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hyphal polarized growth in filamentous fungi requires tip-directed secretion of growth-related substances, and previous studies have shown that exocyst complex plays an important role in the processes of fungal secretion and polar growth. However, there are few researches on the hyphal polarized growth and pathogenic mechanism of obligate biotrophic fungi at present. Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the most important source of natural rubber. Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of H. brasiliensis, and its pathogen Erysiphe quercicola belongs to obligate parasitic fungi. In this study, EqExo70, a subunit of the exocyst complex, was identified in E. quercicola. The GFP labeled EqExo70 was expressed in the E. quercicola by electrotransformation method, and it was found that the protein showed fluorescence aggregation at the hyphal tip, suggesting that EqExo70 may be related to hyphal polarized growth. In addition, we silenced the EqExo70 by electroporating the reverse complementary sequence of EqExo70 into the E. quercicola, it was found that the pathogenic ability of E. quercicola decreased and the growth of hypha slowed down, suggesting that EqExo70 affects the pathogenicity of E. quercicola. The level of callose deposition and reactive oxygen species burst in H. brasiliensis significantly increased upon infection with the EqExo70-silenced strain, indicating that EqExo70 contributes to suppressing host immune response. The results indicated that EqExo70 is a key factor affecting pathogenicity of E. quercicola, and may be involved in the interaction with H. brasiliensis, as well as the hyphal polarized growth.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yalong CHEN, Jinyao YIN, Xuehuan ZHU, Yanyang LYU, Wenbo LIU, Weiguo MIAO, Xiao LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weiguo MIAO, Xiao LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240380043166293, articleId=1277240378260587079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=胞泌复合体亚基EqExo70调节橡胶树白粉菌生长和致病, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

丝状真菌中,菌丝需要将生长相关的物质不断向菌丝的顶端分泌以完成极性生长,已有研究表明胞泌复合体(exocyst complex)在真菌分泌、极性生长过程中发挥重要作用,但目前对于专性寄生真菌的菌丝生长及致病机制的研究较少。巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)是天然橡胶的主要来源,白粉病是为害巴西橡胶树最严重的病害之一,其病原菌橡胶树白粉菌(Erysiphe quercicola)属于专性寄生真菌。本研究在橡胶树白粉菌中鉴定到了胞泌复合体亚基EqExo70,通过电击转化的方法在橡胶树白粉菌中表达GFP标记的EqExo70,表现出荧光在菌丝顶端聚集的现象,表明EqExo70可能与菌丝顶端极性生长有关。通过将EqExo70的反向互补序列电击转化到橡胶树白粉菌中进行基因沉默,发现白粉菌的致病能力下降且菌丝生长减慢,说明EqExo70影响橡胶树白粉菌的致病力。接种沉默EqExo70基因的橡胶树白粉菌的橡胶树叶片,表现出胼胝质沉积和活性氧爆发增强的现象,这表明EqExo70能够抑制寄主的防卫反应。上述结果表明EqExo70是影响橡胶树白粉菌致病的关键因子,并可能参与了橡胶树白粉菌与橡胶树的互作及菌丝的极性生长。

, authors=

陈亚龙(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病理学。

, authorsList=陈亚龙, 殷金瑶, 朱雪鹮, 吕焱洋, 刘文波, 缪卫国, 李潇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=缪卫国, 李潇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 李潇(LI Xiao),E-mail:;
缪卫国(MIAO Weiguo),E-mail:
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陈亚龙(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病理学。

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陈亚龙(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:植物病理学。

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Plant Cell, 2024, 36(4): 1007-1035., articleTitle=Interplay of EXO70 and MLO proteins modulates trichome cell wall composition and susceptibility to powdery mildew, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277240396669387420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, awardId=KJRC2023B14, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023B14), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277240396979765917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, awardId=XTCX2022NYA01, language=CN, fundingSource=海南大学南繁与热带高效农业协同创新中心项目(XTCX2022NYA01), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277240397046874782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, awardId=32360640, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(32360640), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277240381787996759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240381796385368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, companyId=1277240381787996759, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240381804773977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, companyId=1277240381787996759, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学热带农林学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277240381871882842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240381880271451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, companyId=1277240381871882842, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Danzhou Invasive Species Observation and Research Station of Hainan Province, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240381884465756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, companyId=1277240381871882842, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南省入侵生物监测-儋州野外观测站,海南儋州 571737)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277240392865153680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Phylogenetic tree and conserved domain analysis of Exo70

A: Phylogenetic tree of Exo70; B: Domain identification of Exo70; C: Conserved motifs of Exo70.

, figureFileSmall=kbWVaRVtDTXC7fja1cyYFw==, figureFileBig=59xfslJfC37zh71vrIVauA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240393263612561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Exo70进化树及保守结构域分析

A:Exo70进化树;B:Exo70结构域分析;C:Exo70保守结构域。

, figureFileSmall=kbWVaRVtDTXC7fja1cyYFw==, figureFileBig=59xfslJfC37zh71vrIVauA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240395306238610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Localization of GFP and EqEqExo70-GFP in E. quercicola

A: The localization of EqExo70-GFP at the hyphal tip, FM4-64 was used as a membrane dye; B: Statistical analysis of fungal cells with hyphal tip-localized GFP and EqExo70-GFP strains, * indicates extremely significant difference among treatments (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=Csm/fPjRus8PhUnje30uPQ==, figureFileBig=HC5wG7jIzT9gj9BnJUnSxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240395373347475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=CN, label=图2, caption=橡胶树白粉菌中GFP和EqExo70蛋白亚基的定位

A:EqExo70-GFP在菌丝尖端的定位,FM4-64指经过细胞膜染料标记的菌丝;B:GFP、EqExo70-GFP菌株的GFP荧光在菌丝尖端聚集的数量统计,*表示处理间差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=Csm/fPjRus8PhUnje30uPQ==, figureFileBig=HC5wG7jIzT9gj9BnJUnSxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240395717280404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=EqExo70 silencing reducing E. quercicola pathogenicity

A: The relative transcription level of EqExo70, * indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01); B: Pathogenicity phenotype of E. quercicola strains on rubber tree leaves; C: The lesion area on rubber tree leaves inoculated with EqExo70 gene-silenced strains is significantly reduced, * indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=QcU5j5QXzU/dPQL5gNMXjg==, figureFileBig=AUk3j15ZSan3PbwIkEucSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240395792777877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=CN, label=图3, caption=EqExo70的沉默抑制了E. quercicola的致病力

A:EqExo70的相对转录水平,*表示差异极显著(P<0.01);B:E. quercicola菌株在橡胶树叶片上的致病力表型;C:EqExo70基因沉默菌株接种的橡胶树叶片病斑大小明显降低,*表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=QcU5j5QXzU/dPQL5gNMXjg==, figureFileBig=AUk3j15ZSan3PbwIkEucSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240395851498134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Silencing of EqExo70 affecting hyphalgrowth in E. quercicola

A: Hyphal development of EqExo70-silenced strains, the magnified area showing an enlargement of the region indicated by the white box, and arrows indicating haustoria; B: The number of hyphal haustoria after EqExo70 silencing, * indicaties extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=sEXQ039X490PyvidrkBl5g==, figureFileBig=IPxdPnpixCEWrvAcrjQLew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240395918606999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=CN, label=图4, caption=沉默EqExo70影响E. quercicola菌丝的生长

A:EqExo70沉默菌株的菌丝发育,放大区域表示白色框位置的放大,箭头表示吸器;B:EqExo70沉默后菌丝吸器数量,*表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=sEXQ039X490PyvidrkBl5g==, figureFileBig=IPxdPnpixCEWrvAcrjQLew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240396128322200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Silencing of EqExo70 affecting defense level of H. brasiliensis

A: The burst of ROS and the deposition of callose, with arrows indicating the areas of ROS burst and callose deposition; B: The intensity of ROS and the quantity of callose in EqExo70-silenced powdery mildew strains, * indicates extremely significant difference (P<0.01).

, figureFileSmall=7BrxHHYmZb+AiLKOzRFHkA==, figureFileBig=Bo9a7hLoFAu+pgv25SqDKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240396199625369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=CN, label=图5, caption=EqExo70沉默影响橡胶树的防卫反应

A:活性氧的爆发和胼胝质的沉积情况,箭头表示活性氧爆发和胼胝质沉积的区域;B:EqExo70沉默的白粉菌菌株中活性氧强度和胼胝质数量,*表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=7BrxHHYmZb+AiLKOzRFHkA==, figureFileBig=Bo9a7hLoFAu+pgv25SqDKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240396275122842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Primers used in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′–3′)Primer sequence (5′–3′)
EqExo70-FATGGTGAGGCCAAGGCAGGC
EqExo70-RTTATACGAGCCCCCCAAAGA
GFP-FATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGA
GFP-RGGGCATGGCGGACTTGAAGA
EqExo70-EcoR Ⅰ-FGTAGGAACCCAATCTTCAAAGAATTCATGGTGAGGCCAAGGCAGGC
EqExo70-EcoR Ⅰ-RGAACCACGATTAAATCGAGCCATGAATTCTACGAGCCCCCCAAAGAC
EqEF1a-FGAACCTTCATCTAACTGC
EqEF1a-RGTCGTAGTGGTTTGTCAG
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-1FCGTGAAAATGAGGATTACC
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-1RAGATGAACAATTTCACGCATCTTTGACTTTTTGGATGCAG
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-2FCTGCATCCAAAAAGTCAAAGATGCGTGAAATTGTTCATCT
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-2RTTATTCTTCCGGTTGCATGGGTGGTTC
), ArticleFig(id=1277240396556141211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240378260587079, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

本研究所用引物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
引物名称Primer name引物序列(5′–3′)Primer sequence (5′–3′)
EqExo70-FATGGTGAGGCCAAGGCAGGC
EqExo70-RTTATACGAGCCCCCCAAAGA
GFP-FATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGA
GFP-RGGGCATGGCGGACTTGAAGA
EqExo70-EcoR Ⅰ-FGTAGGAACCCAATCTTCAAAGAATTCATGGTGAGGCCAAGGCAGGC
EqExo70-EcoR Ⅰ-RGAACCACGATTAAATCGAGCCATGAATTCTACGAGCCCCCCAAAGAC
EqEF1a-FGAACCTTCATCTAACTGC
EqEF1a-RGTCGTAGTGGTTTGTCAG
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-1FCGTGAAAATGAGGATTACC
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-1RAGATGAACAATTTCACGCATCTTTGACTTTTTGGATGCAG
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-2FCTGCATCCAAAAAGTCAAAGATGCGTGAAATTGTTCATCT
RP60Tub2-Xcm Ⅰ-2RTTATTCTTCCGGTTGCATGGGTGGTTC
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胞泌复合体亚基EqExo70调节橡胶树白粉菌生长和致病
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陈亚龙 1 , 殷金瑶 1, 2 , 朱雪鹮 1, 2 , 吕焱洋 1, 2 , 刘文波 1, 2 , 缪卫国 1, 2, * , 李潇 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(5): 1208-1216
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (5) : 1208 -1216
胞泌复合体亚基EqExo70调节橡胶树白粉菌生长和致病
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陈亚龙1, 殷金瑶1, 2, 朱雪鹮1, 2, 吕焱洋1, 2, 刘文波1, 2, 缪卫国1, 2, * , 李潇1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228
  • 2.海南省入侵生物监测-儋州野外观测站,海南儋州 571737
通讯作者:
* 李潇(LI Xiao),E-mail:;
缪卫国(MIAO Weiguo),E-mail:
EqExo70 Subunit of Exocyst Complex Regulating the Growth and Pathogenicity of Erysiphe quercicola
Yalong CHEN1, Jinyao YIN1, 2, Xuehuan ZHU1, 2, Yanyang LYU1, 2, Wenbo LIU1, 2, Weiguo MIAO1, 2, * , Xiao LI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Danzhou Invasive Species Observation and Research Station of Hainan Province, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.019
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丝状真菌中,菌丝需要将生长相关的物质不断向菌丝的顶端分泌以完成极性生长,已有研究表明胞泌复合体(exocyst complex)在真菌分泌、极性生长过程中发挥重要作用,但目前对于专性寄生真菌的菌丝生长及致病机制的研究较少。巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)是天然橡胶的主要来源,白粉病是为害巴西橡胶树最严重的病害之一,其病原菌橡胶树白粉菌(Erysiphe quercicola)属于专性寄生真菌。本研究在橡胶树白粉菌中鉴定到了胞泌复合体亚基EqExo70,通过电击转化的方法在橡胶树白粉菌中表达GFP标记的EqExo70,表现出荧光在菌丝顶端聚集的现象,表明EqExo70可能与菌丝顶端极性生长有关。通过将EqExo70的反向互补序列电击转化到橡胶树白粉菌中进行基因沉默,发现白粉菌的致病能力下降且菌丝生长减慢,说明EqExo70影响橡胶树白粉菌的致病力。接种沉默EqExo70基因的橡胶树白粉菌的橡胶树叶片,表现出胼胝质沉积和活性氧爆发增强的现象,这表明EqExo70能够抑制寄主的防卫反应。上述结果表明EqExo70是影响橡胶树白粉菌致病的关键因子,并可能参与了橡胶树白粉菌与橡胶树的互作及菌丝的极性生长。

橡胶树  /  白粉菌  /  胞泌复合体  /  Exo70蛋白亚基

Hyphal polarized growth in filamentous fungi requires tip-directed secretion of growth-related substances, and previous studies have shown that exocyst complex plays an important role in the processes of fungal secretion and polar growth. However, there are few researches on the hyphal polarized growth and pathogenic mechanism of obligate biotrophic fungi at present. Rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is the most important source of natural rubber. Powdery mildew is one of the most serious diseases of H. brasiliensis, and its pathogen Erysiphe quercicola belongs to obligate parasitic fungi. In this study, EqExo70, a subunit of the exocyst complex, was identified in E. quercicola. The GFP labeled EqExo70 was expressed in the E. quercicola by electrotransformation method, and it was found that the protein showed fluorescence aggregation at the hyphal tip, suggesting that EqExo70 may be related to hyphal polarized growth. In addition, we silenced the EqExo70 by electroporating the reverse complementary sequence of EqExo70 into the E. quercicola, it was found that the pathogenic ability of E. quercicola decreased and the growth of hypha slowed down, suggesting that EqExo70 affects the pathogenicity of E. quercicola. The level of callose deposition and reactive oxygen species burst in H. brasiliensis significantly increased upon infection with the EqExo70-silenced strain, indicating that EqExo70 contributes to suppressing host immune response. The results indicated that EqExo70 is a key factor affecting pathogenicity of E. quercicola, and may be involved in the interaction with H. brasiliensis, as well as the hyphal polarized growth.

rubber tree  /  powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe quercicola)  /  exocyst complex  /  Exo70 subunit of the exocyst complex
陈亚龙, 殷金瑶, 朱雪鹮, 吕焱洋, 刘文波, 缪卫国, 李潇. 胞泌复合体亚基EqExo70调节橡胶树白粉菌生长和致病. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1208 -1216 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.019
Yalong CHEN, Jinyao YIN, Xuehuan ZHU, Yanyang LYU, Wenbo LIU, Weiguo MIAO, Xiao LI. EqExo70 Subunit of Exocyst Complex Regulating the Growth and Pathogenicity of Erysiphe quercicola[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1208 -1216 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.019
真核生物的胞泌复合体(exocyst complex)控制蛋白的外泌(exocytosis)和细胞极性生长(polarized growth)。胞泌复合体主要由Exo70、Sec5和Sec6等8个蛋白亚基组成。在酵母中,胞泌复合体定位于出芽部位、子细胞的极性顶端及子细胞与母细胞连接处[1]。在丝状真菌,如粗糙脉孢霉(Neurospora crassa)、棉病囊菌(Ashbya gossypii)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)和米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)中,胞泌复合体定位于菌丝尖端[2-6],调节菌丝的顶端生长。此外,胞泌复合体也与丝状真菌的致病性有关。稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe Oryzae)中Sec5Exo70基因的突变抑制了侵染结构附着胞的形成并导致毒性蛋白/效应蛋白(effectors)分泌缺陷,导致致病性下降[7]。灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)中Exo70的缺失显著影响了真菌的生长、分生孢子和菌核的产生以及致病性,并且Sec5Sec4基因突变菌株的生长速率减慢,对番茄、苹果和葡萄的侵染下降[8-9]。烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)中的Sec4同源基因敲除后其致病能力降低[10]。但目前对于该复合体在专性寄生真菌的侵染以及克服寄主防卫反应的过程中发挥的作用知之甚少。
白粉菌是一类专性寄生真菌,侵染多种作物,如大麦、葡萄、橡胶树等。橡胶树白粉菌(Erysiphe quercicola)侵染巴西橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)后会导致天然橡胶产量严重下降[11-12]。该白粉菌常侵染植物幼嫩组织,包括叶片和芽,并在受侵染的组织表面产生由菌丝和分生孢子组成的白粉菌菌落[13]。专性寄生真菌目前无法离体培养,因此,传统的模式真菌基因操作方法无法适用[14-15]。目前已有研究报道,在瓜类白粉菌(Podosphaera xanthii)和橡胶树白粉菌(E. quercicola)中使用电击转化的方法[16-17]分别表达了绿色荧光蛋白GFP和效应蛋白EqIsc1,并且这种电击转化方法可以实现靶基因的沉默。
本课题组前期已完成对橡胶树白粉菌基因组的测序[18-19],多基因组比对分析结果表明该菌碳水化合物代谢相关基因、植物细胞壁降解酶和效应蛋白基因较少,推测该菌可能可以较好地克服寄主抗性[17]。因此,本研究拟利用电击转化的方法初步分析和探讨橡胶树白粉菌中EqExo70蛋白亚基在菌丝极性生长和致病力等方面的生物功能,以期增加对白粉菌致病机制的了解,为控制白粉病找到更多的潜力靶点。
橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)品种:热研7-33-97(嫁接苗)购自中国热带农业科学院;橡胶树白粉菌(Erisiphe quercicola)(菌株HO-73)保存于海南大学植物保护学院分子植物病理学实验室,采自海南省儋州市橡胶林,接种在橡胶树热研7-33-97(嫁接苗)上,培养温度为22 ℃,16 h光照/8 h黑暗周期,相对湿度为70%。大肠杆菌(DH5α)购自天根生化科技有限公司。
pJNARG载体由热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室保存。LB培养基按常规方法配制[20-21]
Taq Pro Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix、RNA isolater Total RNA Extraction Reagent、DNA纯化试剂盒、2×ClonExpress Mix、2×Phanta Max Master Mix购自南京诺唯赞生物科技股份有限公司;质粒提取试剂盒购自Omage公司;苯胺蓝、3,3′-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;其他试剂购自TaKaRa公司及北京索莱宝科技有限公司。
使用Bioedit软件对橡胶树基因组数据进行对比,获得酵母菌Exo70的同源基因EqExo70;使用MEGA软件对11个同源蛋白进行Clustal W多序列比对并绘制进化树;使用MEME(https://memesuite.org/meme/tools/meme)在线软件对11个蛋白进行结构域分析;使用NCBI的Conserved Domain Search Service(CD Search)(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/wrpsb.cgi)分析EqExo70的保守结构域。使用TB-tools软件制图[22]
通过Premier 5.0软件设计基因扩增引物EqExo70-F/R(表1),扩增EqExo70基因的完整序列。收集新鲜的橡胶树白粉菌孢子,使用RNA提取试剂盒提取橡胶树白粉菌的RNA,反转录合成cDNA。以橡胶树白粉菌cDNA为模板,进行目的片段的扩增。在获得目的片段之后,通过T4连接酶将片段构建到pMD-18T载体中以便后续进行基因扩增。
使用EcoR Ⅰ限制性内切酶将pJNARG载体进行单酶切,使用Cycle Pure Kit纯化试剂盒(诺唯赞,DC301-1)进行酶切载体的纯化回收。扩增EqExo70片段,通过同源重组构建pJNARGEqExo70-GFP载体。提取含有pJNARG-EqExo70-GFP载体的质粒,使用Xcm I限制性内切酶进行酶切、回收。从白粉菌基因组中扩增RP60启动子及Tub2抗性基因(携带多菌灵抗性),进行融合PCR后回收,通过T4连接酶与回收的pJNARG-EqExo70-GFP载体16 ℃过夜连接,获得pJNARG-EqExo70-GFP-Tub2重组表达载体。收集白粉菌孢子悬浮液(浓度为1×106个/mL),将含有pJNARG-EqExo70-GFP-Tub2的质粒通过电击转化的方法(1.70 kV,间隔5 s,电击3次)转入白粉菌孢子[17],在橡胶树古铜期叶片上接种白粉菌孢子悬浮液,24 ℃环境下培养7 d,在接种的第2~7天内,每天施用多菌灵(100 μg/mL)筛选转化菌株,7 d后用显微镜观察转化子荧光分布情况。
构建pJNARG-EqExo70RNAi-GFP-Tub2重组表达载体,通过电击转化的方法转入白粉菌孢子[17](方法同1.2.3),接种在橡胶树的古铜期叶片,进行多菌灵药剂筛选,接种7 d后观察发病情况并使用ImageJ软件对叶片上的病斑面积进行计算,本实验进行3次生物学重复。用RNA isolater Total RNA Extraction Reagent试剂盒提取白粉菌的总RNA。以EqEF1a为内参基因,采用SYBR Green Ⅰ荧光染料法进行荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测。每个样本进行3次独立重复。反应完成后,使用2-ΔΔCt法分析EqExo70基因的相对表达水平。
在橡胶树古铜期叶片表面接种EqExo70沉默菌株(方法同1.2.4),同时施用多菌灵药剂筛选,接种7 d后用乙醇乙酸脱色液(乙醇∶乙酸=3∶1)脱色,用0.1%的苯胺蓝染色,30 min后使用显微镜观察菌丝发育状况以及吸器数量(统计每0.3 mm2的吸器数量)。
为探究EqExo70沉默后是否影响橡胶树的防卫反应,将沉默EqExo70的白粉菌转化子接种至橡胶树古铜期叶片上,使用多菌灵(100 μg/mL)溶液进行喷洒处理,7 d后使用3,3ʹ-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)染色以及0.01%苯胺蓝染色后检测橡胶树叶片活性氧爆发和胼胝质沉积情况。
(1)活性氧爆发测定。将带有白粉菌病斑的橡胶叶片剪下,置于培养皿中,加入20 mL 0.1% 3,3ʹ-二氨基联苯胺(DAB)溶液中,用锡箔纸包裹并在摇床上过夜染色(振荡混匀)。配制脱色液并将叶片放在烧杯中水浴脱色,显微镜观察叶片活性氧爆发情况。
(2)胼胝质沉积测定。接种橡胶树白粉菌的橡胶叶片放入脱色液中室温脱色3~4 h,随后加入缓冲液(5% K2HPO4),在室温静置0.5 h。使用0.01%苯胺蓝溶液(0.01 g苯胺蓝溶于100 mL 0.067 mol/L K2HPO4)进行避光染色4 h,使用荧光显微镜检测胼胝质沉积情况(统计每0.3 mm2的胼胝质数量)。
使用Mega软件进行Clustal W比对并绘制进化树发现,EqExo70与布氏白粉菌、葡萄白粉菌及甜瓜白粉菌的亲缘关系较近,可能在遗传上具有稳定性和保守性。同时利用MEME在线软件分析发现,EqExo70与除酵母菌Exo70外的10个Exo70蛋白均具有位置、大小相近的10个motif,可能在功能上具有相似性。同时使用NCBI的CD-Search工具分析发现,所有Exo70蛋白均具有典型的Exo70结构域(图1)。
为了观察EqExo70蛋白亚基在白粉菌菌丝中的定位,构建了pJNARG-EqExo70-GFP-Tub2荧光表达载体,通过电击转化的方法转入白粉菌孢子,7 d后用荧光显微镜观察其定位情况。结果显示,EqExo70-GFP融合蛋白菌株荧光聚集在菌丝尖端,呈现顶端定位,而GFP菌株(对照)则均匀分布在白粉菌菌丝中,未表现顶端定位(图2)。在丝状真菌中,顶端极性的维持对菌丝的极性生长至关重要,这表明EqExo70蛋白亚基可能在白粉菌菌丝的极性生长中发挥作用。
为了探究EqExo70是否影响橡胶树白粉菌的致病能力,通过电击转化将EqExo70反向互补序列转入橡胶树白粉菌中,诱导靶基因沉默并测定菌株致病性。与对照(WT、GFP:表达GFP基因的转化子)相比,-EqExo70(沉默EqExo70基因的转化子)菌株的病斑面积降低了64%(图3A图3B),提取白粉菌中的RNA,通过qRT-PCR检测发现,EqExo70沉默后的白粉菌中EqExo70基因表达量下调47%(图3C)。结果表明EqExo70基因沉默会导致白粉菌致病力显著下降,因此该蛋白亚基在白粉菌侵染过程中发挥重要作用。
为了探究EqExo70对白粉菌菌丝发育的影响,将EqExo70进行沉默,观察菌丝生长发育状况。结果显示与对照(WT、GFP菌株)相比,EqExo70沉默菌株的菌丝发育受到明显抑制(图4A),经过统计分析,吸器数量与对照相比减少94%(图4B)。这表明EqExo70蛋白在白粉菌的生长发育过程中发挥着至关重要的作用,EqExo70的基因沉默严重抑制白粉菌菌丝的生长以及吸器的形成。
植物可以通过表面受体(pattern recognition receptors,PRRs)特异性识别胞外信号,并引起相应免疫应答反应,如气孔关闭、活性氧和胼胝质积累等来抑制病原菌侵染实现广谱抗性[23-24]。本研究中EqExo70沉默转化子接种的橡胶树叶片与对照相比,活性氧爆发及胼胝质沉积显著增加(图5A)。沉默EqExo70后每克叶片的活性氧强度显著提高,胼胝质沉积面积增加(图5B图5C)。因此,EqExo70基因沉默可增加橡胶树叶片活性氧的爆发和胼胝质的沉积,EqExo70可能参与白粉菌与橡胶树的互作过程。
本研究对橡胶树白粉菌EqExo70蛋白亚基功能进行了分析,通过电击转化的方法将pJNARGTub2-EqExo70-GFP载体转入白粉菌中,观察到EqExo70-GFP融合蛋白荧光聚集在白粉菌丝尖端,呈现极性定位。菌丝的极性生长依赖菌丝尖端的定向延伸,此前已有研究报道,灰葡萄孢菌(B. cinerea)中的Exo70聚集在菌丝尖端,影响菌丝的极性生长[8]。在非丝状真菌中,Exo70蛋白亚基也具有相似的功能,如在裂变酵母(S. romyces)中Exo70可沿着肌动蛋白进行运输,并定位到细胞极点[25];在出芽酵母(S. cerevisiae)中,芽体的极性生长也离不开Exo70蛋白与GTPase的相互作用[26]。这也表明EqExo70蛋白可能在菌丝极性生长以及物质的极性运输中发挥着重要作用,具体作用模式将在后续研究中进行进一步探索。
电击转化介导的基因沉默是通过电穿孔的方法将相关靶基因的反向互补序列转入,进行抗性筛选获得沉默转化子的一项技术[16]。橡胶树白粉菌相关研究已经报道通过该技术对保守的MAPK激酶EqFus3EqSlt2以及actin相关基因EqSac6进行沉默,并发现与EqSlt2EqSac6沉默相比,EqFus3沉默导致的致病性下降更为明显[17]。本研究中,通过电击转化技术对EqExo70进行沉默,发现白粉菌的致病力降低并且沉默菌株吸器数量减少,表明EqExo70对橡胶树白粉菌菌丝发育以及致病力至关重要。据报道香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium odoratissimum)中Exo70基因的缺失导致了病原菌的生长、分化和致病性的缺陷,Exo70的缺失还导致内源性葡萄糖苷酶和淀粉酶活性的下降[27]。内毒素类似物ES2-14处理稻瘟病菌(M. oryzae)可抑制附着胞的形成,减小稻瘟病菌引起的病变[28]。这为EqExo70在未来能够应用于橡胶树白粉菌的防治提供了更多的参考和可能性,同时,本研究也对病原菌的靶标防治提供了新的研究方向。
Exo70蛋白亚基在真菌——植物相互作用方面,也发挥着重要作用。如植物中的Exo70亚基在PTI中扮演着重要角色,能协助对真菌病原体的分离和包裹[29-31]。活性氧爆发和胼胝质沉积被认为是植物应对病原物侵染的基础防卫反应[32]。此前的研究表明,拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)中Exo70和MLO蛋白可以相互作用调节胼胝质的合成,增强其对白粉菌的抗病能力[33]。本研究中发现,EqExo70沉默后,活性氧爆发及胼胝质沉积显著增加,表明植物防卫反应增强,这预示着EqExo70可能参与了白粉菌与橡胶树的互作过程,帮助白粉菌的侵染。
橡胶树白粉菌的胞泌复合体亚基EqExo70能够表现出在菌丝尖端的极性定位,沉默EqExo70时能够影响白粉菌的生长和致病力,并且能够引起寄主防卫反应的增强,这表明EqExo70蛋白亚基在真菌——植物相互作用以及病原菌的靶标防治方面具有很大的研究价值和研究潜力。本课题组将进一步研究橡胶树白粉菌EqExo70蛋白亚基在极性生长和极性运输的作用,以期明确EqExo70在白粉菌侵染过程中发挥的作用。
  • 海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023B14)
  • 海南大学南繁与热带高效农业协同创新中心项目(XTCX2022NYA01)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(32360640)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.019
  • 接收时间:2024-11-29
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29
  • 录用日期:2025-01-16
基金
海南省科技人才创新项目(KJRC2023B14)
海南大学南繁与热带高效农业协同创新中心项目(XTCX2022NYA01)
国家自然科学基金项目(32360640)
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院/热带农林生物灾害绿色防控教育部重点实验室,海南海口 570228
    2.海南省入侵生物监测-儋州野外观测站,海南儋州 571737

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* 李潇(LI Xiao),E-mail:;
缪卫国(MIAO Weiguo),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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