Article(id=1277240340188893841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728403200000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1731686400000, acceptedDateStr=2024-11-16, onlineDate=1782447427079, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447427079, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447427079, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447427079, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1249, endPage=1258, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240341816283795, articleId=1277240340188893841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Preparation of Edible Film Containing Galangal Essential Oil and Its Application in Fresh-cut Pineapple, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Sodium alginate (SA) edible composite film incorporated with different amounts of galangal essential oil (EO)/curcumin (Cur) was prepared by solvent casting method and applied to fresh-cut pineapple in this study. The results showed that 0.3% EO could improve the thickness and thermal stability of the composite film, and reduce the water vapor penetration rate. SA-0.3%EO and SA-0.3% EO-Cur film groups had significant fresh-keeping effect on fresh-cut pineapple, while the control group showed obvious browning after three days of storage at 4 ℃. The fresh-cut pineapple in SA-0.3% EO-Cur group maintained the best appearance, followed by SA-0.3%EO group. When the storage time was extended to eight days, the weight loss of fresh-cut pineapple in the SA-0.3%EO coating group was the lowest (2.12±0.08)%, the total number of colonies (lgCFU/g) was 3.48±0.00, the number of molds and yeast (lgCFU/g) was 3.89±0.19 were the lowest. However, the appearance color of the SA-0.3% EO-Cur coated group was the best, and the antibacterial effect was second only to that of the SA-0.3%EO coated group, which was obviously better than the control group. However, when the EO content increased to 0.5%, the appearance of fresh-cut pineapple also showed browning and other quality deterioration, indicating that the concentration of essential oil would affect its preservation effect and have a negative impact on the quality of fruit. In conclusion, this study would provide a new idea for the development of a new edible film system, and provide data support and theoretical support for extending the shelf life of fresh-cut pineapple.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ying ZOU, Jinyu CUN, Shaodan PENG, Yuanyuan GAO, Jihua LI, Wei ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shaodan PENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240346807505573, articleId=1277240340188893841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=高良姜精油可食膜的制备及其在鲜切菠萝保鲜中的应用, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

采用溶剂浇铸法制备了添加不同含量高良姜精油(EO)/姜黄素(Cur)的海藻酸钠(SA)基生物复合膜,并应用于鲜切菠萝的保鲜。结果表明:0.3% EO可以提高复合膜的厚度和热稳定性,降低水蒸气渗透速率;SA-0.3%EO及SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组对鲜切菠萝有显著的保鲜效果,无涂膜鲜菠萝片对照组(CK)在4 ℃下储藏3 d后出现明显的褐变现象,SA-0.3%EO-Cur组的鲜切菠萝外观保持最好,其次是SA-0.3%EO。当储存时间延长至8 d,SA-0.3%EO涂膜组的鲜切菠萝其质量损失最低为(2.12±0.08)%,菌落总数(lgCFU/g)为3.48±0.00,霉菌和酵母(lgCFU/g)为3.89±0.19,数目均最低,但SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组的外观色泽保持最好,且抑菌效果亦仅次于SA-0.3%EO涂膜组,均明显优于CK。但当EO含量增加到0.5%,鲜切菠萝的外观也出现褐变等品质劣变,说明精油浓度过高会影响其保鲜效果,且对果实的品质有负面影响。综上,本研究为开发新型可食用膜体系提供新的思路,为延长鲜切菠萝货架期提供数据支撑和理论支持。

, authors=

邹颖(1994—),女,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向:果蔬加工。

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* 彭芍丹(PENG Shaodan),E-mail:
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Preparation and physicochemical propertiesofchitosan/fish gelatin films loaded with cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion andfresh-cutapple preservation[D]. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2023. 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6, caption=Effect of edible film coating on microbial counts of fresh-cut pineapple

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=NdWIPbUTgRksOGHTpbiJxA==, figureFileBig=rGsR1YPFjV9fwuoN8lN5Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240364889150175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240340188893841, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同可食用膜处理对鲜切菠萝微生物数量的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=NdWIPbUTgRksOGHTpbiJxA==, figureFileBig=rGsR1YPFjV9fwuoN8lN5Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240365019173600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240340188893841, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of edible film coating on weight loss rate of fresh-cut pineapple

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=O3dRan4VsrGdBIZKkNGN5w==, figureFileBig=12b9ylp5/WU2iDAfzvEM8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240365220500193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240340188893841, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同可食用膜处理对鲜切菠萝失重率的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=O3dRan4VsrGdBIZKkNGN5w==, figureFileBig=12b9ylp5/WU2iDAfzvEM8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240365316969186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240340188893841, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Effect of edible film coating on appearance of fresh-cut pineapple, figureFileSmall=Y0gdVpCi2MNvakoxnEELKQ==, figureFileBig=DINsDdbmm2vMFeyeDjmmtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240365396660964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240340188893841, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同可食用膜处理对鲜切菠萝外观的影响, figureFileSmall=Y0gdVpCi2MNvakoxnEELKQ==, figureFileBig=DINsDdbmm2vMFeyeDjmmtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240365463769829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240340188893841, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Physical properties of composite edible film

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexSASA-0.1%EOSA-0.3%EOSA-0.5%EOSA-0.3%EO-Cur
厚度/μm35.94±1.51a37.56±1.93a38.67±0.72a39.11±3.47a56.06±2.82b
不透明度1.52±0.02a1.50±0.04a1.87±0.06a2.33±0.09a8.27±0.94b
水溶性/%36.75±0.79a40.48±4.41a38.71±2.35a38.08±2.58a35.86±1.35a
水蒸气渗透速率/(g·m–2·h–1)265.91±12.46b255.63±2.31ab253.47±10.22ab256.97±9.49ab237.31±2.93a
), ArticleFig(id=1277240365698650854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240340188893841, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

复合可食用膜的物理性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexSASA-0.1%EOSA-0.3%EOSA-0.5%EOSA-0.3%EO-Cur
厚度/μm35.94±1.51a37.56±1.93a38.67±0.72a39.11±3.47a56.06±2.82b
不透明度1.52±0.02a1.50±0.04a1.87±0.06a2.33±0.09a8.27±0.94b
水溶性/%36.75±0.79a40.48±4.41a38.71±2.35a38.08±2.58a35.86±1.35a
水蒸气渗透速率/(g·m–2·h–1)265.91±12.46b255.63±2.31ab253.47±10.22ab256.97±9.49ab237.31±2.93a
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高良姜精油可食膜的制备及其在鲜切菠萝保鲜中的应用
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邹颖 1 , 寸金玉 2 , 彭芍丹 1, * , 高媛媛 1 , 李积华 1 , 周伟 1
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2025,46(5): 1249-1258
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2025 , 46 (5) : 1249 -1258
高良姜精油可食膜的制备及其在鲜切菠萝保鲜中的应用
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邹颖1, 寸金玉2, 彭芍丹1, * , 高媛媛1, 李积华1, 周伟1
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室/海南省果蔬贮藏与加工重点实验室,广东湛江 524001
  • 2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
通讯作者:
* 彭芍丹(PENG Shaodan),E-mail:
Preparation of Edible Film Containing Galangal Essential Oil and Its Application in Fresh-cut Pineapple
Ying ZOU1, Jinyu CUN2, Shaodan PENG1, * , Yuanyuan GAO1, Jihua LI1, Wei ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage & Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.023
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采用溶剂浇铸法制备了添加不同含量高良姜精油(EO)/姜黄素(Cur)的海藻酸钠(SA)基生物复合膜,并应用于鲜切菠萝的保鲜。结果表明:0.3% EO可以提高复合膜的厚度和热稳定性,降低水蒸气渗透速率;SA-0.3%EO及SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组对鲜切菠萝有显著的保鲜效果,无涂膜鲜菠萝片对照组(CK)在4 ℃下储藏3 d后出现明显的褐变现象,SA-0.3%EO-Cur组的鲜切菠萝外观保持最好,其次是SA-0.3%EO。当储存时间延长至8 d,SA-0.3%EO涂膜组的鲜切菠萝其质量损失最低为(2.12±0.08)%,菌落总数(lgCFU/g)为3.48±0.00,霉菌和酵母(lgCFU/g)为3.89±0.19,数目均最低,但SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组的外观色泽保持最好,且抑菌效果亦仅次于SA-0.3%EO涂膜组,均明显优于CK。但当EO含量增加到0.5%,鲜切菠萝的外观也出现褐变等品质劣变,说明精油浓度过高会影响其保鲜效果,且对果实的品质有负面影响。综上,本研究为开发新型可食用膜体系提供新的思路,为延长鲜切菠萝货架期提供数据支撑和理论支持。

高良姜精油  /  姜黄素  /  可食用膜  /  鲜切菠萝

Sodium alginate (SA) edible composite film incorporated with different amounts of galangal essential oil (EO)/curcumin (Cur) was prepared by solvent casting method and applied to fresh-cut pineapple in this study. The results showed that 0.3% EO could improve the thickness and thermal stability of the composite film, and reduce the water vapor penetration rate. SA-0.3%EO and SA-0.3% EO-Cur film groups had significant fresh-keeping effect on fresh-cut pineapple, while the control group showed obvious browning after three days of storage at 4 ℃. The fresh-cut pineapple in SA-0.3% EO-Cur group maintained the best appearance, followed by SA-0.3%EO group. When the storage time was extended to eight days, the weight loss of fresh-cut pineapple in the SA-0.3%EO coating group was the lowest (2.12±0.08)%, the total number of colonies (lgCFU/g) was 3.48±0.00, the number of molds and yeast (lgCFU/g) was 3.89±0.19 were the lowest. However, the appearance color of the SA-0.3% EO-Cur coated group was the best, and the antibacterial effect was second only to that of the SA-0.3%EO coated group, which was obviously better than the control group. However, when the EO content increased to 0.5%, the appearance of fresh-cut pineapple also showed browning and other quality deterioration, indicating that the concentration of essential oil would affect its preservation effect and have a negative impact on the quality of fruit. In conclusion, this study would provide a new idea for the development of a new edible film system, and provide data support and theoretical support for extending the shelf life of fresh-cut pineapple.

galangal essential oil  /  curcumin  /  edible film  /  fresh-cut pineapple
邹颖, 寸金玉, 彭芍丹, 高媛媛, 李积华, 周伟. 高良姜精油可食膜的制备及其在鲜切菠萝保鲜中的应用. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1249 -1258 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.023
Ying ZOU, Jinyu CUN, Shaodan PENG, Yuanyuan GAO, Jihua LI, Wei ZHOU. Preparation of Edible Film Containing Galangal Essential Oil and Its Application in Fresh-cut Pineapple[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1249 -1258 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.023
菠萝营养丰富、色香怡人,但因其表皮较硬、多刺,削皮去眼工序繁杂,不便于消费者食用,鲜切菠萝迎合了现代消费快节奏的市场需求[1]。但菠萝的鲜切处理使其组织结构受到破坏、汁液流失,导致出现组织褐变和微生物侵染等问题,影响其风味、营养品质及货架期[2]
功能性可食膜在水果及其鲜切制品上的保鲜应用一直是国内外密切关注的主题。传统可食膜主要由天然蛋白质、多糖及类脂单独或复合而成,性能单一且应用具有一定局限性[3]。因此,将可食用膜添加特定功能活性组分以提升抗菌性、抗褐变性等性能是本研究领域的新亮点。为了提高可食膜的抗菌活性,植物精油因其安全性和较强的抗菌活性而被认为是活性包装的最佳选择之一[4-6]。VENTURA-AGUILAR等[7]研究了包裹肉桂精油和玫瑰茄水提物的壳聚糖可食用膜可有效延长草莓的保质期。CHENG等[8]研究表明丁香精油明显增强了可食膜的抗菌性能。本课题组(2021年)前期研究表明高良姜精油可食用膜可以有效延长新鲜芒果的储藏期[4]。另有研究采用以姜黄素为介导的光动力杀菌技术可有效保持鲜切菠萝的色泽并抑制微生物的生长[1]。然而,功能性可食膜仍存在以下2方面的问题:一方面可食膜有效作用时间短,主要归因于活性成分(如姜黄素、高良姜精油等)的不稳定如易氧化、易挥发以及在可食膜制备过程中大量释放或损耗[9];另一方面,如植物精油这类挥发性强的活性成分本身具有的特殊气味以及活性成分浓度过高时容易造成水果表皮失水皱缩等[10]。由于乳液具有包埋、保护以及运载活性成分(如维生素、抗菌剂、抗氧化剂等)等优良特性,在食品行业显现出巨大的应用前景[11]。SALVIA-TRUJILLO等[12]报道含有柠檬精油乳液的涂膜可抑制苹果切片上天然微生物群的生长长达2周;GUNDEWADI等[13]报道含有罗勒精油的乳液涂膜对秋葵具有明显的抗褐变和抗菌作用,能有效延长秋葵货架期。JIANG等[14]报道相比于直接使用肉桂精油,果胶和玉米醇溶蛋白粒子共同稳定的乳液对肉桂精油具有缓释作用,对苹果切片也表现出更强的抗菌效果。上述研究表明利用包埋活性成分的乳液制备的可食性涂膜在水果保鲜应用方面具有巨大潜力。
因此,本研究从解决鲜切菠萝货架期中易腐败、易褐变、汁液流失的问题出发,基于前期研究发现高良姜精油与姜黄素对鲜切菠萝的保存具有潜在的利用价值,选取姜黄素和高良姜精油为天然抗褐变剂和抗菌剂,采用溶剂浇铸法制备了添加不同含量高良姜精油/姜黄素的海藻酸钠生物复合膜,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合膜的物理化学性能、微观结构进行了表征,并将其应用于鲜切菠萝的保鲜,为延长鲜切菠萝货架期提供切实有效的保鲜技术指导。
高良姜精油(EO,纯度100%)由广东丰硒良姜有限公司提供;姜黄素(Cur,95%)购自上海源叶有限公司;海藻酸钠(SA,化学纯)购自西陇科学股份有限公司。Quillaja皂素(Q-Naturale 200V)由美国Ingredion公司提供。所用化学品为国产分析纯。
UV 178紫外分光光度计购自日本Shimadzu公司;FJ200-SH高速剪切机购自上海沪析实业有限公司;Tensor 27傅里叶变换红外光谱购自德国BRUKER公司;D/Max-2500/PC X射线衍射仪购自日本Rigaku公司;TG/DTA-6300热重分析仪购自日本Shimadzu公司。
配制1.2%海藻酸钠70 ℃水浴搅拌30 min直至溶解,将海藻酸钠溶液、1%甘油(V/V)、0.8%Quillaja(V/V)和0.1%、0.3%、0.5%EO(V/V)或姜黄素(配置方法:300 μmol/L姜黄素溶解在0.5%中链甘油三酯MCT中)在高速剪切机中以12 000 r/min速率均质2 min,获得成膜液。将18 mL成膜液倒入直径90 mm的塑料培养皿中铺平,在40 ℃条件下干燥,冷却后揭膜。
厚度测量:使用数字千分尺测量薄膜的厚度,精确到0.001 mm,并在薄膜周围的5个随机位置测定平均厚度;薄膜不透明度测定:用紫外分光光度计测定膜的不透明度[15],不透明度的计算公式为Opacity=A600/d,式中A600为薄膜样品在600 nm波长处吸光度,d为薄膜厚度,单位为mm;水溶性测定:将薄膜裁切成2 cm×2 cm的正方形并在105 ℃下干燥4 h至恒重,测量膜的质量(m0,g),然后将膜浸入到40 mL蒸馏水中浸泡24 h,将样品从水中取出并在105 ℃下干燥4 h至恒重,测其质量(m1,g),水溶性计算公式为WS=(m1m0)/m0×100%;通过重量分析得到水蒸气透过速率(WVTR)[16]
在傅立叶变换红外光谱仪上,使用KRS-5型ATR探头,用红外光谱衰减全反射法(ATR)将样品在500~4000 cm–1波长的范围内扫描,扫描速率为4 cm–1,并记录各样品的红外光谱。
使用X射线衍射仪扫描样品的XRD图谱。以2°/min的扫描速度在5°~50°的2θ衍射角范围内进行扫描。X射线辐射由波长(λ)为0.154 nm的Cu-Kα源(18 kW)产生。
使用热重分析仪对薄膜进行热重分析。将薄膜样品(10 mg)置于铝盘中并以10 ℃/min的加热速率从30 ℃加热至700 ℃。氮气用作冲洗气体,其流速设置为20 mL/min。
在样品台贴上一层导电双面胶,将少量薄膜附于导电胶上并用洗耳球吹去多余的杂质,样品喷金后设置加速电压10 kV,观察薄膜的表面形态结构。
通过测试样品及普通保鲜膜(PE)在有机堆肥(土壤)中的降解情况来评估样品的生物降解性。将薄膜样品(2 cm×2 cm)埋入天然土壤中(为方便收集样品,用纱布包裹样品),并收集测试过程中样品的图像。
选择在外观(重量、形状和颜色)统一,外部无病害和机械损伤,成熟度相对一致的新鲜菠萝,清洗削皮去眼后,切分成大小1/4圆形厚度1 cm的菠萝块,随机抽取60片菠萝片,分为6个处理组,包括无涂膜鲜菠萝片[对照组(CK)]、SA、SA+0.1%EO乳液(SA-0.1%EO)、SA+0.3%EO乳液(SA-0.3%EO)、SA+0.5%EO乳液(SA-0.5%EO)和SA+0.3%EO+Cur乳液(SA-0.3%EO-Cur乳液)包衣菠萝片。将菠萝片先浸泡在制备的涂膜液中120 s,风干5 min,然后浸入1% CaCl2中30 s,晾干表面水分。处理后的菠萝片分别装入聚乙烯保鲜盒中,4 ℃冷藏8 d后用于测定储藏期间各组样品的微生物指标及失重率,并于第0、3、5、8天分别拍照记录样品的外观状态。
微生物指标(菌落总数及霉菌和酵母):随机称取25 g鲜切菠萝和225 mL生理盐水进行均质,匀液与生理盐水进行梯度稀释,选择适宜稀释度的鲜切菠萝匀液涂布在平板计数琼脂及孟加拉红培养基上培养,计数,结果以lgCFU/g表示。
采用称重法测量,计算失重率,失重率=m1m2)/m1×100%,式中,m1表示初始质量,单位为g;m2表示每次测定的质量,单位为g;每处理每次用3盒果实,取平均值。
采用SPSS 19.0软件中的方差分析法对数据进行差异显著性检验分析(P<0.05),数据以平均值±标准差的形式来表示,采用Origin 2021、Excel软件作图,所有试验均进行3次平行试验。
表1可知,薄膜的厚度在35.94~56.06 μm之间,添加高良姜精油和姜黄素可显著增加薄膜厚度,其中SA-0.3%EO-Cur的复合膜厚度最大。通过测量混合薄膜的水溶性可反映薄膜在食品基质中的应用性能,将高良姜精油加入到海藻酸钠膜中,复合膜的水溶性从36.75%增加到38.08%,表明薄膜可以快速溶解在水中。而SA-0.3%EO-Cur的水溶性为35.86%,这可能归因于姜黄素增加了复合膜的疏水性。可食用薄膜若具备良好的遮光性可有效地防止光的透射,减少包装食品的光氧化,从而抑制脂质氧化、营养物质损失、活性化合物的降解[17],同时为不影响外观需兼具良好的透明度。由表1可知,添加高良姜精油的海藻酸钠生物复合膜的透明度均与纯海藻酸钠膜差异不显著。随着高良姜精油添加量的增加,不透明度稍有增加,可能是由于光的散射。膜基质中油滴的浓度和分散程度是影响光散射强度的主要原因,液滴浓度越高,导致光散射强度越大,从而使透明度降低[18]。SA-0.3%EO-Cur的不透明度最高,这可能是多酚类的姜黄素具有光吸收性能,促进了复合膜的光阻性能,表明姜黄素的添加可有效提高薄膜的遮光性,这与王凡[19]的研究结论一致。但值得注意的是,薄膜仍然表现出良好的透明度,可以清晰地看到薄膜下方的图案。
水蒸气的吸附和渗透是影响食品包装阻隔性的重要指标,降低水蒸气渗透速率可减缓食品与环境的气体交换,达到保鲜的目的。添加了高良姜精油及姜黄素的生物复合薄膜水蒸气透过速率显著低于纯海藻酸钠组(P<0.05)。水蒸气透过速率从(265.91±12.46)g/(m–2·h–1)降至(237.31±2.93)g/(m–2·h–1),归因于海藻酸盐基质的官能团与甘油和高良姜精油/姜黄素的羟基之间的氢键的数量增加。其中同时添加高良姜精油和姜黄素的SA-0.3%EO-Cur组水蒸气透过速率最低,表明高良姜精油和姜黄素的脂质特性有助于降低薄膜的水蒸气透过速率。
复合可食用膜的X射线衍射图如图1所示。海藻酸钠是典型的非结晶结构,样品均在2θ=21左右存在一个较宽的衍射峰,复合膜的衍射峰强度随着高良姜精油含量的增加而增强(图1)。这可能是因为高良姜精油与海藻酸盐的分子间相互作用(静电和氢键作用)导致高良姜精油分子分散到海藻酸盐基质中,说明复合膜中高良姜精油与海藻酸盐共混体系的相容性良好,进一步起到改善复合膜的水蒸汽透过性和热稳定性的效果。添加高良姜精油后在2θ=14.5°左右出现衍射峰的变窄,并随着高良姜精油的浓度不断增大,峰开始变得更窄且尖锐,表明高良姜精油/姜黄素/海藻酸钠复合膜结晶度增加。姜黄素是典型的晶体结构,在7°~30°之间会出现一系列的衍射峰[20],但在SA-0.3%EO-Cur复合膜的XRD谱图中,未出现新的衍射峰,这可能是由于Cur的浓度过低,复合膜总体还是无定型的结构。
傅里叶变换红外光谱表征高良姜精油组分或姜黄素与海藻酸钠的分子间相互作用。由图2可以看出,海藻酸盐与Ca2+交联后形成的特征峰在3353、2993、1651、1050 cm–1波段。纯海藻酸钠膜和高良姜精油/海藻酸钠复合膜显示大致相同的主峰,这是由于低含量高良姜精油及姜黄素的存在以及功能组分的相对相似性,说明高良姜精油和Cur的加入保存了海藻酸钠膜原有的化学结构,并未产生新的化学结构[21],有利于在海藻酸钠膜中保持高良姜精油和Cur的功能活性[22]。3700~3000 cm–1之间的宽峰标志着游离羟基(O-H)的伸缩振动,2993 cm–1处峰归因于C-H伸缩振动,1651 cm–1处峰归因于羧酸盐基团的对称和不对称拉伸。这些结果表明,高良姜精油或姜黄素和海藻酸钠之间存在相互作用,分子间和分子内的氢键作用增强,分子间作用力增大[23-24],有利于膜的力学性能增强。
热重分析可通过监测在连续加热下的质量损失以表征薄膜的热稳定性。TG图表示薄膜的热分解过程(图3A),DTG曲线表示热分解的拐点(图3B)。得到的结果表明,所有薄膜都有3个热分解阶段,初始失重温度范围为30~130 ℃。这与海藻酸钠的亲水性有关,这可能是由于生物聚合物薄膜中松散结合的水会蒸发。第2次分解可能是由于甘油在180~220 ℃的热降解。第3阶段(285~500 ℃)主要为碳化阶段,纯海藻酸钠膜总质量损失89.63%,复合膜总质量损失分别为80.97%、79.39%、76.98%和88.97%。随着高良姜精油含量的增加,复合膜的热稳定性有一定提升,具有提高膜包装材料热稳定性的潜力。
图4可知,加入高良姜精油或姜黄素对海藻酸钠基生物复合膜结构产生了影响,外观上有明显差异。纯海藻酸钠膜的表面光滑且均匀,无褶皱或气泡,表明其成膜性较好。而加入高良姜精油的复合膜微观结构则出现轻微褶皱,特别是加姜黄素的复合膜显示出不均匀的表面,出现明显的褶皱和气泡状结构,这与其透明度降低相对应。这与大多数负载乳液的生物基膜一致[25-27]
薄膜在外界微生物等环境中的降解时间是评估天然聚合物来源的薄膜的生物降解性的重要指标,当90%的薄膜材料在6个月内通过生物作用降解时,该薄膜被认为是可生物降解的[28-29]。由图5可知,所有海藻酸钠基薄膜在土壤中掩埋30 d后均表现出不同程度的色调和完整性变化,表明发生了降解过程,普通保鲜膜(PE)则保持完好;随着掩埋时间的延长,薄膜的降解程度更高,降解程度依次为:SA>SA-0.1%EO>SA-0.3%EO>SA-0.5%EO>SA-0.3% EO-Cur>CK,为方便薄膜的寻找复原本试验采用纱布包裹样品,阻碍其降解。结果表明,姜黄素和高良姜精油的加入一定程度上延长海藻酸钠基薄膜的潜在生物降解性。
新鲜菠萝的初始菌落总数及霉菌和酵母数量(lgCFU/g)分别为2.43±0.03、2.15±0.05,鲜切菠萝经不同处理后,冷藏8 d后的菌落总数及霉菌和酵母数量如图6所示,结果表明,各涂膜处理组的微生物数量均低于CK,其中SA-0.3%EO组的菌落总数(lgCFU/g)为3.48±0.00,霉菌和酵母(lgCFU/g)为3.89±0.19,数目均最低,其次是SA-0.3%EO-Cur组,高良姜精油的含量增加能显著抑制微生物的生长,但当高良姜精油添加量为0.5%时抑菌效果变差,其原因可能是精油浓度过高降低了薄膜的完整性,影响其抗菌性能。
果实的失重率主要是因为果实的呼吸、水分的蒸发等作用引起,其反映营养物质的消耗和水分的蒸发。鲜切水果因鲜切处理易使其组织结构受到破坏、汁液流失严重,因此质量损失是评价其品质的重要指标。鲜切菠萝的失重率如图7所示,储藏8 d后所有试验组都出现质量损失现象,但涂膜组均显著低于CK的失重率(P<0.05)。与CK相比,涂膜组显著降低了鲜切菠萝表面的水分损失,可能是由于表面的薄膜降低了水蒸气透过速率从而减缓了水分散失,而CK表面无膜包覆,导致失水迅速。
为直观观察复合可食用膜对鲜切菠萝保鲜效果的影响,拍照记录储藏期内菠萝片的外观变化。如图8所示,与CK相比,涂膜组保鲜效果更优。对照组在4 ℃下储藏3 d后出现明显的褐变现象,SA-0.3%EO-Cur组的鲜切菠萝外观保持最好,其次是SA-0.3%EO。而随着高良姜精油含量增加到0.5%,鲜切菠萝的外观也出现褐变等品质劣变,说明精油浓度过高会影响其保鲜效果,这与抑菌效果的趋势相对应,可能也是由于精油浓度过高可能降低薄膜的完整性,且对果实的品质有负面影响[30]
目前,精油或其他抗菌剂与可食用膜的结合已被广泛研究应用于水果保鲜中,本研究选取姜黄素和高良姜精油为天然抗褐变剂和抗菌剂,结果表明0.3%高良姜精油可以提高复合膜的厚度和热稳定性,降低水蒸气渗透速率,这可能是由于精油的加入增加了膜材的氢键相互作用,由于疏水成分的加入所导致基于生物聚合物的膜中疏水性增加,改变膜的疏水/亲水比,这与HE等[31]的研究结论相似;唐森等[32]的研究也表明添加紫苏精油的壳聚糖可食用抗菌复合膜的阻隔性能、机械性能、厚度与不透明度均有所增强,适度增大紫苏精油添加量可使其与壳聚糖、甘油等分子间的静电、氢键相互作用力加强,分子链在空间排列更紧密,复合膜结构更致密,力学性能更好,但过量则会破坏膜的网状结构,削弱聚合物之间的聚合力,造成负面影响。韩骞等[33]的研究也发现适量添加丁香精油可以有效降低复合膜的水蒸气透过率,提升其阻隔性能,但过高的精油添加量导致复合膜的孔隙增多进而削弱致密性,增加水蒸气透过率,疏水组分也会降低聚合物网络的粘结性以及液滴聚结可能对材料的水蒸气阻隔性有害[34]。因此,适宜的精油添加量对复合膜的制备尤为重要。
在鲜切菠萝保鲜应用中,SA-0.3%EO及SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组对鲜切菠萝有显著的保鲜效果,CK在4 ℃下储藏3 d后出现明显的褐变现象,SA-0.3%EO-Cur组的鲜切菠萝外观保持最好,其次是SA-0.3%EO组。当储存时间延长至8 d,添加了精油或姜黄素的涂膜组的鲜切菠萝其质量损失均显著低于CK,复合膜的阻隔性能减弱了鲜切菠萝的呼吸强度,从而减少气孔蒸腾和干物质消耗造成的失重,这与复合膜的水蒸气透过性相一致,说明精油的加入提高了薄膜的水蒸气阻隔性能。类似研究也发现这一结果,李阳[35]发现负载肉桂精油Pickering乳液的壳聚糖/鱼明胶基膜可以显著抑制鲜切苹果的失重。菌落总数及霉菌和酵母数目均最低,但SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组的外观色泽保持最好,且抑菌效果亦仅次于SA-0.3%EO涂膜组,菌落总数及霉菌和酵母均明显优于对照组,这主要是由于高良姜精油和姜黄素都具有抗菌的效果,且姜黄素的加入更有助于保持鲜切菠萝的外观色泽[1],另一方面姜黄素的加入可能对膜内抗菌剂的负载量产生负面影响,从而影响了在复合膜中的长期稳定释放及长效抑菌效果;当高良姜精油含量增加到0.5%,鲜切菠萝的外观也出现褐变等品质劣变,说明精油浓度过高会影响其保鲜效果,这与抑菌效果的趋势相对应,可能也是由于精油浓度过高可能降低薄膜的完整性,从而影响其阻隔性,且对果实的品质有负面影响。类似的结果在ZHOU等[4]所制备的负载高良姜精油的复合膜应用于芒果的保鲜中亦有发现。
本研究结果表明,0.3%高良姜精油可以提高复合膜的厚度和热稳定性,降低水蒸气渗透速率,SA-0.3%EO及SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组对鲜切菠萝有显著的保鲜效果,SA-0.3%EO-Cur涂膜组的外观色泽保持最好。综上,本研究为开发新型可食用膜体系提供了新的思路,为延长鲜切菠萝货架期提供切实有效的数据支撑和理论支持。但本研究亦存在一定的局限性,比如对精油和姜黄素的合适配比及乳液的负载稳定性缺乏更详细的优化,后期应对高良姜精油和姜黄素在复合膜中的长期稳定释放作用进行进一步研究,并探讨该体系对其他水果或蔬菜的适用性。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2100604)
  • 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(321QN306)
  • 广东省农业农村厅农业科研类及技术推广示范类项目(2023)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.023
  • 接收时间:2024-10-09
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-09
  • 录用日期:2024-11-16
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2100604)
海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(321QN306)
广东省农业农村厅农业科研类及技术推广示范类项目(2023)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所/农业农村部热带作物产品加工重点实验室/海南省果蔬贮藏与加工重点实验室,广东湛江 524001
    2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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