Article(id=1277240214737260776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1737907200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-27, onlineDate=1782447397168, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447397168, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447397168, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447397168, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1124, endPage=1134, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240216368845034, articleId=1277240214737260776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Improving Plant Height of Local Shanlan Rice Varieties Through EMS Mutagenesis, columnId=1236256430060261740, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Germplasm Resources, Genetics & Breeding, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most critical staple crops worldwide, and enhancing its yield is fundamental to ensuring global food security. Shanlan rice, a prominent upland rice variety in the southern regions of China, particularly in the mountainous areas of central Hainan province, is highly valued by farmers for its strong adaptability, drought resistance, and superior stress tolerance. However, traditional Shanlan rice varieties often suffer from challenges such as excessive plant height, vulnerability to lodging, and yield instability, which restrict the broader application in modern agriculture. This study focused on four local Shanlan rice varieties: Wuzhishan Nandui Village Shanlan rice, Huangke Shanlan Nuo, Shanlan Nuo and Shanlan Hong. The varieties were subjected to mutagenic treatment using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). After treatment, superior mutants were selected through screening across M1 to M3 generations based on significantly reduced plant height and either stable or enhanced single-plant yield. The results revealed the successful induction of multiple dwarf, high-yield mutants in all four varieties via EMS mutagenesis. For instance, in Wuzhishan Nandui Village Shanlan rice (WZSNDCSLD2), plant height was reduced by 9.6%, while single-plant yield increased by 52.8%; in Huangke Shanlan Nuo (HKSLN31), plant height decreased by 11.5%, and single-plant yield rose by 46.0%; in Shanlan Nuo (SLN8), plant height was reduced by 15.4%, with a 37.0% increase in single-plant yield; and in Shanlan Hong (SLH6 and SLH9), plant height was reduced by 22.2% and 15.5%, respectively, while single-plant yield increased by 49.6% and 36.8%. The superior mutants also exhibited significant improvements in agronomic traits, including total grain number, spikelet number per panicle, filled grain number per panicle, thousand-grain weight and seed setting rate. The findings of this study demonstrate that EMS mutagenesis is an effective approach for improving both plant height and yield-related traits in Shanlan rice. This research would provide new genetic lines and a solid theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement and molecular breeding of Shanlan rice.

, authors=null, authorsList=Yin DUAN, Zhenyu XIE, Yujie ZHOU, Qiuyun LIN, Zhizhou HE, Yuehui LIN, Wei HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei HU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240220957413622, articleId=1277240214737260776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=利用EMS诱变改良山栏稻地方品种株高, columnId=1236256430219645304, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=种质资源与遗传育种, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

水稻(Oryza sativa L.)作为全球最重要的粮食作物之一,其产量提升对保障全球粮食安全具有重要意义。山栏稻作为我国南方地区特别是海南省中部山林地区的重要旱稻品种,因其适应性强、抗旱及抗逆性良好而广受农民喜爱,但传统山栏稻品种普遍存在株高偏高、易倒伏及产量不稳定等问题,限制了其在现代农业中的推广应用。本研究选取五指山南对村山栏稻、黄壳山栏糯、山栏糯和山栏红4个地方山栏稻品种,采用甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)进行诱变处理。处理后,通过M1代至M3代的筛选,选出株高降低且单株产量保持或提升的优良突变体。结果显示,4个品种通过EMS诱变均获得了多个矮化突变株,其中如五指山南对村山栏稻的WZSNDCSLD2株高降低9.6%,单株产量提升52.8%;黄壳山栏糯的HKSLN31株高降低11.5%,单株产量提升46.0%;山栏糯的SLN8株高降低15.4%,单株产量提升37.0%;山栏红的SLH6和SLH9株高分别降低22.2%和15.5%,单株产量分别提升49.6%和36.8%。这些优良突变体在总粒数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、千粒重及结实率等农艺性状上亦表现出显著优势。研究表明,EMS诱变技术有效改善了山栏稻的株高及产量相关性状,为山栏稻的遗传改良和分子育种提供新的品系和理论基础。

, authors=

段吟(2003—),女,本科生,研究方向:山栏稻资源收集与评价

*同等贡献作者:谢振宇(1972—),男,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:水稻遗传育种。

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** 胡伟(HU Wei),E-mail:
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2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099, bio={"content":"

段吟(2003—),女,本科生,研究方向:山栏稻资源收集与评价

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段吟(2003—),女,本科生,研究方向:山栏稻资源收集与评价

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*同等贡献作者:谢振宇(1972—),男,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:水稻遗传育种。

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*同等贡献作者:谢振宇(1972—),男,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:水稻遗传育种。

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The right side of A, B, C, D represent the mutants of WZSNDCSLD, HKSLN, SLN, and SLH, respectively. The wild-type parent is shown on the left side.

, figureFileSmall=ewOh4ZWTPQbzmnpWrabxHA==, figureFileBig=vp78bRTVdM/iCYI6TTQoJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240236996432174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=CN, label=图1, caption=4个山栏稻突变体代表性植株株型

A、B、C和D图右侧分别是五指山南对村山栏稻、黄壳山栏糯、山栏糯和山栏红代表植株,左侧是野生型亲本。

, figureFileSmall=ewOh4ZWTPQbzmnpWrabxHA==, figureFileBig=vp78bRTVdM/iCYI6TTQoJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240237747212591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Agronomic traits of mutant lines derived from WZSNDCSLD rice, figureFileSmall=H/NA0vkZ3CnHJU3Wjec9uQ==, figureFileBig=q8QZqOcI0xEL7v7y/wcA8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240237847875888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=CN, label=图2, caption=五指山南对村山栏稻诱变家系各农艺性状, figureFileSmall=H/NA0vkZ3CnHJU3Wjec9uQ==, figureFileBig=q8QZqOcI0xEL7v7y/wcA8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240238556713265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Agronomic traits of mutant lines derived from HKSLN rice, figureFileSmall=qpN82PxX+JV8uJJnQlxgyg==, figureFileBig=Yp4wSq7tIBZAhrEc+pu6XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240238640599346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=CN, label=图3, caption=黄壳山栏糯诱变家系各农艺性状, figureFileSmall=qpN82PxX+JV8uJJnQlxgyg==, figureFileBig=Yp4wSq7tIBZAhrEc+pu6XA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240238984532275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Agronomic traits of mutant lines derived from SLN rice, figureFileSmall=lzQpOJeBRtha83q63luxvg==, figureFileBig=VKtZA+XpCZpXZ/xlEDR+sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240239081001268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=CN, label=图4, caption=山栏糯稻诱变家系各农艺性状, figureFileSmall=lzQpOJeBRtha83q63luxvg==, figureFileBig=VKtZA+XpCZpXZ/xlEDR+sA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240239395574069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Agronomic traits of mutant lines derived from SLH rice, figureFileSmall=VRXE3NEdWRf1i2scztDFrw==, figureFileBig=8JL2wY1N6VQVlOpN1Mu8cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240239492043062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=CN, label=图5, caption=山栏红诱变家系各农艺性状, figureFileSmall=VRXE3NEdWRf1i2scztDFrw==, figureFileBig=8JL2wY1N6VQVlOpN1Mu8cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240239844364599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Phenotypic variations of four Shanlan rice varieties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测定项目Tested item五指山南对村山栏稻WZSNDCSLD黄壳山栏糯HKSLN
亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line
范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD
株高/cm126.582.1~118.4105.8±8.6154.7106.4~141.3125.0±8.6
单株产量/g14.21.4~28.811.8±6.312.62.5~25.210.9±5.7
抽穗期/d84.080.0~90.086.4±3.674.067.0~80.070.2±4.2
总粒数1688.7607.0~2647.71403.5±495.7640.0393.3~1309.7843.0±225.7
每穗颖花数163.459.7~220.6133.6±32.396.034.7~153.387.4±27.3
每穗实粒数62.57.9~78.545.2±17.467.611.9~124.749.6±26.5
分蘖数10.34.7~16.310.6±2.86.77.0~21.310.0±2.8
穗长/cm22.917.3~26.221.9±2.728.820.0~30.124.0±2.4
千粒重/g21.821.7~37.924.8±3.227.617.0~29.122.6±3.3
结实率/%39.38.0~58.133.3±11.469.526.3~81.352.4±15.7
粒长/mm7.85.2~8.17.1±0.78.17.2~8.88.0±0.4
粒宽/mm2.72.2~3.02.5±0.22.62.2~3.02.5±0.2
测定项目Tested item山栏糯SLN山栏红SLH
亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line
范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD
株高/cm160.289.2~154.9118.0±20.8152.173.6~146.8112.7±27.7
单株产量/g10.80.9~17.77.7±5.913.31.7~23.911.6±6.7
抽穗期/d75.075.0~80.078.2±1.878.072.0~90.078.7±6.5
总粒数785.7342.0~1254.3676.8±272.0749.3347.7~1343.0877.5±251.7
每穗颖花数130.951.9~125.481.9±21.8124.914.9~162.294.9±46.2
每穗实粒数71.87.6~72.037.8±22.880.56.5~111.453.9±39.6
分蘖数6.05.7~10.08.0±1.56.05.3~65.315.2±17.4
穗长/cm28.520.2~30.723.9±3.127.414.2~30.825.1±5.1
千粒重/g25.312.7~27.021.5±4.527.116.0~33.624.0±4.7
结实率/%55.414.5~73.242.5±18.663.720.0~76.850.3±19.9
粒长/mm8.45.2~8.77.4±1.28.26.2~8.57.8±0.6
粒宽/mm2.72.2~2.72.5±0.22.72.3~2.82.6±0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1277240239982776632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

4个山栏稻表型变异情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
测定项目Tested item五指山南对村山栏稻WZSNDCSLD黄壳山栏糯HKSLN
亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line
范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD
株高/cm126.582.1~118.4105.8±8.6154.7106.4~141.3125.0±8.6
单株产量/g14.21.4~28.811.8±6.312.62.5~25.210.9±5.7
抽穗期/d84.080.0~90.086.4±3.674.067.0~80.070.2±4.2
总粒数1688.7607.0~2647.71403.5±495.7640.0393.3~1309.7843.0±225.7
每穗颖花数163.459.7~220.6133.6±32.396.034.7~153.387.4±27.3
每穗实粒数62.57.9~78.545.2±17.467.611.9~124.749.6±26.5
分蘖数10.34.7~16.310.6±2.86.77.0~21.310.0±2.8
穗长/cm22.917.3~26.221.9±2.728.820.0~30.124.0±2.4
千粒重/g21.821.7~37.924.8±3.227.617.0~29.122.6±3.3
结实率/%39.38.0~58.133.3±11.469.526.3~81.352.4±15.7
粒长/mm7.85.2~8.17.1±0.78.17.2~8.88.0±0.4
粒宽/mm2.72.2~3.02.5±0.22.62.2~3.02.5±0.2
测定项目Tested item山栏糯SLN山栏红SLH
亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line亲本Parent诱变家系Mutant line
范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD范围Range均值±方差Mean±SD
株高/cm160.289.2~154.9118.0±20.8152.173.6~146.8112.7±27.7
单株产量/g10.80.9~17.77.7±5.913.31.7~23.911.6±6.7
抽穗期/d75.075.0~80.078.2±1.878.072.0~90.078.7±6.5
总粒数785.7342.0~1254.3676.8±272.0749.3347.7~1343.0877.5±251.7
每穗颖花数130.951.9~125.481.9±21.8124.914.9~162.294.9±46.2
每穗实粒数71.87.6~72.037.8±22.880.56.5~111.453.9±39.6
分蘖数6.05.7~10.08.0±1.56.05.3~65.315.2±17.4
穗长/cm28.520.2~30.723.9±3.127.414.2~30.825.1±5.1
千粒重/g25.312.7~27.021.5±4.527.116.0~33.624.0±4.7
结实率/%55.414.5~73.242.5±18.663.720.0~76.850.3±19.9
粒长/mm8.45.2~8.77.4±1.28.26.2~8.57.8±0.6
粒宽/mm2.72.2~2.72.5±0.22.72.3~2.82.6±0.2
), ArticleFig(id=1277240240293155129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Selected superior lines

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety编号No.株高Plant height/cm单株产量Yield per plant/g株高变化率Change rate of plant height/%单株产量变化率Yield change rate per plant/%
WZSNDCSLD野生型126.514.2
WZSNDCSLD2114.321.7–9.652.8
WZSNDCSLD3110.916.2–12.314.1
WZSNDCSLD4108.116.7–14.517.6
WZSNDCSLD7104.717.3–17.221.8
WZSNDCSLD13104.521.1–17.448.6
HKSLN野生型154.712.6
HKSLN7112.815.9–27.126.2
HKSLN8114.813.6–25.87.9
HKSLN12129.215.2–16.520.6
HKSLN13135.014.9–12.718.3
HKSLN14129.715.8–16.225.4
HKSLN16137.315.5–11.223.0
HKSLN25137.918.2–10.944.4
HKSLN30123.715.5–20.023.0
HKSLN31136.918.4–11.546.0
SLN野生型160.210.8
SLN8135.614.8–15.437.0
SLN13150.015.0–6.438.9
SLH野生型152.113.3
SLH4144.915.1–4.713.5
SLH6118.319.9–22.249.6
SLH9128.618.2–15.536.8
), ArticleFig(id=1277240240372846906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

挑选的优良家系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
品种Variety编号No.株高Plant height/cm单株产量Yield per plant/g株高变化率Change rate of plant height/%单株产量变化率Yield change rate per plant/%
WZSNDCSLD野生型126.514.2
WZSNDCSLD2114.321.7–9.652.8
WZSNDCSLD3110.916.2–12.314.1
WZSNDCSLD4108.116.7–14.517.6
WZSNDCSLD7104.717.3–17.221.8
WZSNDCSLD13104.521.1–17.448.6
HKSLN野生型154.712.6
HKSLN7112.815.9–27.126.2
HKSLN8114.813.6–25.87.9
HKSLN12129.215.2–16.520.6
HKSLN13135.014.9–12.718.3
HKSLN14129.715.8–16.225.4
HKSLN16137.315.5–11.223.0
HKSLN25137.918.2–10.944.4
HKSLN30123.715.5–20.023.0
HKSLN31136.918.4–11.546.0
SLN野生型160.210.8
SLN8135.614.8–15.437.0
SLN13150.015.0–6.438.9
SLH野生型152.113.3
SLH4144.915.1–4.713.5
SLH6118.319.9–22.249.6
SLH9128.618.2–15.536.8
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利用EMS诱变改良山栏稻地方品种株高
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段吟 1, 2 , 谢振宇 1 , 周玉杰 1 , 林秋云 1 , 贺治洲 1 , 林越辉 1 , 胡伟 1, **
热带作物学报 | 种质资源与遗传育种 2025,46(5): 1124-1134
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热带作物学报 |种质资源与遗传育种 2025 , 46 (5) : 1124 -1134
利用EMS诱变改良山栏稻地方品种株高
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2.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277240222698049796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240214737260776, authorId=1277240222194733312, language=CN, stringName=段吟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099, bio={"content":"

段吟(2003—),女,本科生,研究方向:山栏稻资源收集与评价

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段吟(2003—),女,本科生,研究方向:山栏稻资源收集与评价

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段吟1, 2, 谢振宇1, 周玉杰1, 林秋云1, 贺治洲1, 林越辉1, 胡伟1, **
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099
通讯作者:
** 胡伟(HU Wei),E-mail:
Improving Plant Height of Local Shanlan Rice Varieties Through EMS Mutagenesis
Yin DUAN1, 2, Zhenyu XIE1, Yujie ZHOU1, Qiuyun LIN1, Zhizhou HE1, Yuehui LIN1, Wei HU1, **
Affiliations
  • 1.Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.011
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水稻(Oryza sativa L.)作为全球最重要的粮食作物之一,其产量提升对保障全球粮食安全具有重要意义。山栏稻作为我国南方地区特别是海南省中部山林地区的重要旱稻品种,因其适应性强、抗旱及抗逆性良好而广受农民喜爱,但传统山栏稻品种普遍存在株高偏高、易倒伏及产量不稳定等问题,限制了其在现代农业中的推广应用。本研究选取五指山南对村山栏稻、黄壳山栏糯、山栏糯和山栏红4个地方山栏稻品种,采用甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)进行诱变处理。处理后,通过M1代至M3代的筛选,选出株高降低且单株产量保持或提升的优良突变体。结果显示,4个品种通过EMS诱变均获得了多个矮化突变株,其中如五指山南对村山栏稻的WZSNDCSLD2株高降低9.6%,单株产量提升52.8%;黄壳山栏糯的HKSLN31株高降低11.5%,单株产量提升46.0%;山栏糯的SLN8株高降低15.4%,单株产量提升37.0%;山栏红的SLH6和SLH9株高分别降低22.2%和15.5%,单株产量分别提升49.6%和36.8%。这些优良突变体在总粒数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、千粒重及结实率等农艺性状上亦表现出显著优势。研究表明,EMS诱变技术有效改善了山栏稻的株高及产量相关性状,为山栏稻的遗传改良和分子育种提供新的品系和理论基础。

山栏稻  /  EMS诱变  /  株高  /  产量  /  表型分析

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most critical staple crops worldwide, and enhancing its yield is fundamental to ensuring global food security. Shanlan rice, a prominent upland rice variety in the southern regions of China, particularly in the mountainous areas of central Hainan province, is highly valued by farmers for its strong adaptability, drought resistance, and superior stress tolerance. However, traditional Shanlan rice varieties often suffer from challenges such as excessive plant height, vulnerability to lodging, and yield instability, which restrict the broader application in modern agriculture. This study focused on four local Shanlan rice varieties: Wuzhishan Nandui Village Shanlan rice, Huangke Shanlan Nuo, Shanlan Nuo and Shanlan Hong. The varieties were subjected to mutagenic treatment using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). After treatment, superior mutants were selected through screening across M1 to M3 generations based on significantly reduced plant height and either stable or enhanced single-plant yield. The results revealed the successful induction of multiple dwarf, high-yield mutants in all four varieties via EMS mutagenesis. For instance, in Wuzhishan Nandui Village Shanlan rice (WZSNDCSLD2), plant height was reduced by 9.6%, while single-plant yield increased by 52.8%; in Huangke Shanlan Nuo (HKSLN31), plant height decreased by 11.5%, and single-plant yield rose by 46.0%; in Shanlan Nuo (SLN8), plant height was reduced by 15.4%, with a 37.0% increase in single-plant yield; and in Shanlan Hong (SLH6 and SLH9), plant height was reduced by 22.2% and 15.5%, respectively, while single-plant yield increased by 49.6% and 36.8%. The superior mutants also exhibited significant improvements in agronomic traits, including total grain number, spikelet number per panicle, filled grain number per panicle, thousand-grain weight and seed setting rate. The findings of this study demonstrate that EMS mutagenesis is an effective approach for improving both plant height and yield-related traits in Shanlan rice. This research would provide new genetic lines and a solid theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement and molecular breeding of Shanlan rice.

Shanlan rice  /  EMS mutagenesis  /  plant height  /  yield  /  phenotypic analysis
段吟, 谢振宇, 周玉杰, 林秋云, 贺治洲, 林越辉, 胡伟. 利用EMS诱变改良山栏稻地方品种株高. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1124 -1134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.011
Yin DUAN, Zhenyu XIE, Yujie ZHOU, Qiuyun LIN, Zhizhou HE, Yuehui LIN, Wei HU. Improving Plant Height of Local Shanlan Rice Varieties Through EMS Mutagenesis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1124 -1134 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.011
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)作为全球最重要的粮食作物之一,是亚洲人民的主粮。山栏稻是水稻的重要栽培类型,主要种植于我国南方地区,特别是海南省中部的山林地区。山栏稻是由黎族和苗族长期筛选和栽培的一种旱稻品种,因其适应性强、抗旱及其他抗逆性良好而深受农民的青睐[1]。此外,山栏稻具有独特的风味,特别适宜用于酿酒和作为特色礼品[2]。然而,目前收集评价的山栏稻品种普遍存在株高偏高[3-4]、易倒伏及产量不稳定等问题,限制了其种植范围,且育种专家育种积极性不高,从而导致市面上优质山栏稻品种较少。
株高是影响水稻适应性的重要农艺性状,不仅直接影响产量,还与抗倒伏能力和种植密度密切相关[5-7]。在水稻中,最著名的控制株高的基因是半矮秆基因sd1,其发现和应用在20世纪60年代引发了“绿色革命”,显著提高了水稻产量[8]
由于海南岛面积较小,大部分山栏稻品种存在种源同质化严重的问题,大部分山栏稻株高普遍偏高[3-4]。利用35个SSR标记对57个海南山栏稻品种进行检测,发现其遗传多样性较低。其中标记RM208解释了山兰旱稻株高总变异的42.62%[9],表明在第二染色体末端可能存在一个主要控制株高的数量性状位点(QTL),同时也说明山栏稻株高变异不丰富。
诱变育种作为一种有效的遗传改良手段,已在多个作物中得到广泛应用。诱变育种主要包括物理诱变和化学诱变等方法[10]。其中,甲基磺酸乙酯(ethyl methanesulfonate,EMS)是一种广泛应用于植物遗传突变的化学诱变剂[11-12],其主要作用机制是通过甲基化脱氨作用,使G/C碱基对向A/T碱基对转换,从而引发点突变[13-14]。EMS诱变在不改变作物整体遗传背景的前提下,具有诱变效率高、突变频率高和操作简便等优点,成为作物育种中重要的基因多样性创造手段之一[15]。在作物育种中,EMS诱变技术已被成功应用于多个性状的改良研究,包括抗病性、耐逆性及产量相关性状[16]。例如,利用0.2% EMS处理水稻种子16 h,筛选出多种株高变异体和多个有价值的水稻品系[17]。在小麦、玉米和高粱育种中,EMS诱变同样被广泛应用于株高调控研究[18-20]。此外,EMS诱变技术在其他作物的株高改良中也取得了一定成果。例如,在大豆中,EMS诱变被用于筛选株高适中的突变体,以提高其抗倒伏能力和种植密度[21-22]。类似地,在棉花中,EMS诱变同样被应用于株高及相关性状的研究和改良[23-24]
山栏稻在栽培过程中常面临株高不适宜的问题,过高的株高容易导致倒伏,影响产量和品质。因此,降低山栏稻的株高成为提高其综合生产性能的关键途径之一。然而,针对山栏稻株高改良的研究相对较少,特别是系统利用EMS诱变技术进行山栏稻株高调控的研究尚未展开。本研究旨在利用EMS诱变技术改良4个地方山栏稻的株高,通过诱变、筛选和鉴定优良突变体,期望能够培育出株高变矮同时产量不变或增加的山栏稻新品种,本研究不仅可以为山栏稻株高的遗传改良提供新的品系,还能深入了解调控株高的遗传机制,从而为未来的分子育种提供理论基础。
本研究涉及的试验材料包括从地方收集的4个山栏稻品种,分别是五指山南对村山栏稻(WZSNDCSLD)、黄壳山栏糯(HKSLN)、山栏糯(SLN)和山栏红(SLH)。包含了山栏稻资源中的普通山栏稻、糯稻和红稻,均是地方高杆品种。
2023年8月将4个山栏稻分别挑选2000粒左右的种子用自来水彻底清洗,随后在室温下浸泡24 h。接下来,将种子浸泡在0.5%(V/V)EMS(索莱宝,中国)溶液中,在室温条件下置于摇床以140 r/min摇动处理18 h。处理结束后,将种子在自来水中冲洗24 h,以去除残留的EMS溶液。之后将种子播种于苗床上,待幼苗生长25 d后移植至大田[25-26]
2023年12月将EMS处理的第一代(M1代)自交后单株收种。随后于2024年2月播种,3月种植M2代,每家系种植40株,观察田间株高表型。挑选株高矮于野生型的单株并进行收种。2024年8月种植M3代,每家系种植40株。
首先根据株高和抽穗期来确定各家系表型是否稳定,保证挑选的家系属于纯合突变。随后去除表型分离的家系,只留纯系用于数据分析。调查各家系的抽穗期、株高等数据,每家系调查5株。待种子成熟后,挑选长势一致的3株收种,晒干后统计分蘖数、穗长等数据。随后人工脱粒后,在数字化考种机(YTS-5D,谷丰光电)上面进行考种,统计单株产量、总粒数、粒型,并计算结实率等数据。
使用Microsoft Excel软件进行表型数据处理,使用R软件制图[27]
2024年3月种植4个山栏稻诱变M2家系各150个,每家系种植40株。去杂后,在成熟期根据株高挑选低于亲本的突变单株。最终在五指山南对村山栏稻、黄壳山栏糯、山栏糯和山栏中分别挑选到33、47、17、23个突变株。
随后在2024年8月将突变株种植于大田,将仍在分离的家系和数量少于5株的家系去除,最终获得五指山南对村山栏稻、黄壳山栏糯、山栏糯和山栏23、31、15、15个家系用于数据分析(附表1~附表4)。代表性植株见图1
通过分析4个群体诱变后家系的表型性状,发现诱变处理在株高矮化方面成效显著(表1)。五指山南对村山栏稻家系的株高明显降低[82.1~118.4 cm,均值为(105.8±8.6)cm],部分家系表现出较好的矮化特性,而单株产量变异较大[1.4~28.8 g,均值为(11.8±6.3)g],抽穗期略有延迟[80.0~90.0 d,均值为(86.4±3.6)d]。黄壳山栏糯家系的株高降低[106.4~141.3 cm,均值为(125.0±8.6)cm],单株产量变异较大,但均值与亲本相当[2.5~25.2 g,均值为(10.9±5.7)g],抽穗期稍提前[67.0~80.0 d,均值为(70.2±4.2)d]。山栏糯家系在株高[89.2~154.9 cm,均值为(118.0±20.8)cm]和单株产量[0.9~17.7 g,均值为(7.7±5.9)g]方面均有所降低,但抽穗期与亲本基本一致[75.0~80.0 d,均值为(78.2±1.8)d]。山栏红家系在株高[73.6~146.8 cm,均值为(112.7±27.7)cm]和单株产量[1.7~23.9 g,均值为(11.6±6.7)g]明显降低,抽穗期[72.0~90.0 d,均值为(78.7±6.5)d]与亲本相近。
对诱变处理获得的诱变家系(WZSNDCSLD1~WZSNDCSLD23)与野生型在多个关键农艺性状上进行系统对比分析(附表1,图2)。野生型的株高为126.5 cm,单株产量为14.2 g。分析结果显示,诱变家系中多数样品的株高低于野生型,最低达到82.1 cm(WZSNDCSLD22),同时,单株产量表现出多样性,其中如WZSNDCSLD2(114.3 cm,21.7 g)、WZSNDCSLD6(107.5 cm,28.8 g)、WZSNDCSLD13(104.5 cm,21.1 g)及WZSNDCSLD17(116.1 cm,14.5 g)等家系在实现株高降低的同时,单株产量高于或接近野生型,显示出优良的矮化高产潜力。然而,部分家系如WZSNDCSLD1(93.3 cm,7.1 g)、WZSNDCSLD5(102.9 cm,7.0 g)、WZSNDCSLD21(93.3 cm,5.4 g)及WZSNDCSLD23(98.0 cm,1.4 g)虽实现了株高降低,但单株产量低于野生型。此外,诱变家系在总粒数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、分蘖数、千粒重及结实率等性状上也表现出明显的变化。例如,WZSNDCSLD2总粒数达到2096.3个,每穗颖花数为170.0个,每穗实粒数为74.4个,千粒重为42.79 g,结实率为50.9%,均优于野生型的1688.7个、163.4个、62.5个、21.8 g及39.3%。WZSNDCSLD6的总粒数为2128.3个,每穗颖花数为138.8个,每穗实粒数为71.7个,千粒重为51.57 g及结实率为63.1%,证明了其在增产和品质上的优越性。在粒长和粒宽方面,多数诱变家系如WZSNDCSLD6(7.7 mm,2.6 mm)均接近野生型,但部分家系如WZSNDCSLD11(6.9 mm,2.6 mm)和WZSNDCSLD4(5.2 mm,3.0 mm)粒形变化较大,可能相关基因突变影响株高的同时影响粒型。
3 1个黄壳山栏糯突变体(H K S L N 1~HKSLN31)与野生型(株高154.7 cm,单株产量12.6 g)相比,绝大多数诱变家系的株高均低于野生型(附表2,图3),最低达到106.4 cm(HKSLN5),单株产量也呈现出多样性变化。另一方面,HKSLN4(株高116.2 cm,单株产量25.2 g)、HKSLN5(株高106.4 cm,单株产量11.0 g)等家系在株高降低的同时,保持或提升了单株产量。部分家系如HKSLN1(株高118.7 cm,单株产量8.0 g)、HKSLN76(株高120.0 cm,单株产量8.3 g)及HKSLN11(株高130.1 cm,单株产量7.1 g)虽株高有所降低,但单株产量未达到野生型水平,需通过进一步育种改良予以优化。除此之外,诱变家系在总粒数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、分蘖数、千粒重及结实率等性状上也表现出明显的变化,例如,HKSLN2总粒数达到774.5个,每穗实粒数为17.2个,HKSLN5的总粒数为1085.3个,每穗实粒数为48.6个,均高于野生型,具有高产潜力。然而,部分家系如HKSLN6(总粒数为1309.7个,每穗颖花数为61.4个)、HKSLN10(总粒数为896.0个,每穗实粒数为70.2个)虽总粒数较高,但单株产量和其他性状表现不一,需综合评估。在千粒重方面,多数诱变家系如HKSLN25(29.1 g)及HKSLN31(28.9 g)高于野生型(27.6 g),提升了单粒质量,单株产量也有所增加。而结实率如HKSLN4(81.3%)、HKSLN15(71.9%)及HKSLN16(73.7%)也优于野生型(69.5%),有助于提高有效粒数。其中,HKSLN2(株高125.4 cm,单株产量4.3 g)和HKSLN9(株高127.6 cm,单株产量2.5 g)虽实现了株高降低,但单株产量低于野生型,需在后续选育中予以排除。综合来看,黄壳山栏糯的诱变家系在株高和单株产量等关键农艺性状上多数优于野生型,尤其是家系如HKSLN7、HKSLN25、HKSLN31等在实现株高降低的同时,保持或提升了单株产量,展现出较高的选育价值。
通过诱变处理获得的诱变家系(SLN1~SLN15)与野生型(株高160.2 cm,单株产量10.8 g)进行农艺性状的对比(附表3,图4)。结果显示,绝大多数诱变家系的株高均低于野生型,其中SLN3(株高153.3 cm,单株产量17.7 g)、SLN8(株高135.6 cm,单株产量14.8 g)、SLN9(株高154.9 cm,单株产量16.3 g)及SLN13(株高150.0 cm,单株产量15.0 g)等家系在实现株高降低的同时,单株产量高于野生型,展现出优良的矮化高产潜力。这些家系不仅在株高和单株产量上表现突出,还在总粒数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、千粒重及结实率等性状上表现优异,例如,SLN3的总粒数为888.0个,每穗实粒数为72.0个,SLN8的总粒数为808.5个,每穗实粒数为70.3个,SLN9的总粒数为1254.3个,每穗实粒数为63.9个,以及SLN13的总粒数为860.3个,每穗实粒数为71.0个,均高于野生型。有些家系的千粒重和结实率也普遍优于野生型,例如,SLN3的千粒重为27.0 g,结实率为73.2%,SLN8的千粒重为26.3 g,结实率为70.1%,SLN9的千粒重为25.7 g,结实率为51.2%,以及SLN13的千粒重为26.6 g,结实率为65.8%,均高于野生型。然而,部分家系如SLN1(株高115.8 cm,单株产量2.2 g)、SLN2(株高119.7 cm,单株产量7.2 g)、SLN4(株高106.3 cm,单株产量1.0 g)及SLN6(株高108.1 cm,单株产量2.1 g)虽实现了株高降低,但单株产量低于野生型,需在后续选育中予以排除。综合来看,山栏红的诱变家系中,SLN3、SLN8、SLN9及SLN13等家系在株高降低且单株产量保持或提升的同时,在总粒数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、千粒重及结实率等多个关键性状上均表现优异,展现出较高的选育价值,符合矮化高产的育种目标。
通过诱变处理获得的山栏红诱变家系(SLH1~SLH15)与野生型(株高152.1 cm,单株产量13.3 g)在多个关键农艺性状上进行了对比分析(附表4,图5)。结果显示,绝大多数诱变家系的株高均低于野生型,其中SLH2(株高143.0 cm,单株产量23.9 g)、SLH4(株高144.9 cm,单株产量15.1 g)、SLH6(株高118.3 cm,单株产量19.9 g)、SLH7(株高146.8 cm,单株产量17.3 g)、SLH8(株高145.4 cm,单株产量15.0 g)及SLH9株高128.6 cm,单株产量18.2 g)等家系在实现株高降低的同时,单株产量高于野生型,展示出优良的矮化高产潜力。这些家系不仅在株高和单株产量上表现优异,在总粒数、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、千粒重及结实率等性状上也显示出优势。例如,SLH2的总粒数为1343.0个,每穗颖花数为108.9个,结实率为74.3%,均高于野生型。此外,SLH6(总粒数967.3个,每穗颖花数126.2个,每穗实粒数97.5个,千粒重26.8 g,结实率76.8%)和SLH9(总粒数1161.7个,每穗颖花数139.4个,每穗实粒数85.6个,千粒重25.6 g,结实率61.9%)等家系也在多个性状上优于野生型,进一步支持其高产潜力。然而,部分家系如SLH1(株高75.4 cm,单株产量10.2 g)、SLH3(株高88.8 cm,单株产量6.1 g)、SLH5(株高101.0 cm,单株产量6.5 g)、SLH10(株高144.3 cm,单株产量12.5 g)、SLH11(株高111.2 cm,单株产量3.1 g)、SLH12(株高87.3 cm,单株产量3.6 g)、SLH13(株高84.8 cm,单株产量1.7 g)、SLH14(株高96.8 cm,单株产量7.6 g)及SLH15(株高73.6 cm,单株产量13.7 g)虽在某些性状上表现出一定优势,但多数在单株产量或其他关键性状(如每穗颖花数和结实率)上未能达到野生型水平,需在后续选育过程中予以排除或进一步改良。
本研究通过对山栏稻突变体的株高和单株产量进行分析,根据筛选标准(株高降低超过野生型5%,单株产量保持不变或提高),筛选出多个优良家系(表2)。
在五指山南对村山栏稻(野生型株高126.5 cm,单株产量14.2 g)中,共筛选出5个优良家系:WZSNDCSLD2、WZSNDCSLD3、WZSNDCSLD4、WZSNDCSLD7和WZSNDCSLD13。所有筛选出的家系株高降低幅度在9.6%~17.4%之间,单株产量提升幅度在14.1%~52.8%之间。其中,WZSNDCSLD13表现最为突出,株高降低17.4%,单株产量提高48.6%;WZSNDCSLD2的株高降低9.6%,但单株产量提升幅度最大,达到52.8%。
黄壳山栏糯(野生型株高154.7 cm,单株产量12.6 g)筛选出8个优良家系:HKSLN7、HKSLN8、HKSLN12、HKSLN13、HKSLN14、HKSLN16、HKSLN25、HKSLN30和HKSLN31。这些家系的株高降低幅度在10.9%~27.1%之间,单株产量提高幅度在7.9%~46.0%之间。其中,HKSLN31株高降低11.5%,单株产量提高46.0%,是表现最佳的突变体。此外,HKSLN25和HKSLN14也表现出良好的矮化高产特性,单株产量分别提高44.4%和25.4%。整体来看,黄壳山栏糯的突变家系在株高降低和产量提升方面呈现出稳定的改良效果。
在山栏糯(野生型株高160.2 cm,单株产量10.8 g)中,共筛选出2个优良家系:SLN8和SLN13。SLN8的株高降低15.4%,单株产量提高37.0%,表现最为显著;SLN13的株高降低幅度较小(6.4%),但单株产量提升幅度达到38.9%。尽管筛选出的家系数量较少,但其产量提升幅度较大,展示了良好的育种潜力。
山栏红(野生型株高152.1 cm,单株产量13.3 g)筛选出3个优良家系:SLH4、SLH6和SLH9。这些家系的株高降低幅度在4.7%~22.2%之间,单株产量提升幅度在13.5%~49.6%之间。其中,SLH6表现最佳,株高降低22.2%,单株产量提高49.6%,是矮化和高产改良的理想突变体;SLH9的株高降低15.5%,单株产量提升36.8%,表现稳定。整体来看,山栏红的筛选家系在株高矮化的同时,提高了产量,尤其是SLH6突变体,为高产矮化育种提供了重要材料。
在4个山栏稻品种中,五指山南对村山栏稻和黄壳山栏糯的突变家系数量较多,表现出全面的矮化和产量提升潜力;山栏糯和山栏红筛选家系数量较少,但每个家系的产量提升幅度更为突出,具有重要的育种价值。
研究结果显示,EMS诱变降低了4个山栏稻品种的株高,且在多数突变体中,单株产量得到了不同程度的提升或保持。具体而言,五指山南对村山栏稻和黄壳山栏糯的突变家系数量较多,且这些家系在株高矮化的同时,表现出较高的产量潜力,如WZSNDCSLD2和HKSLN31等。这表明EMS诱变在这2个品种中效果尤为显著,能够有效地改善株高并提升产量。
相比之下,山栏糯和山栏红的优良突变家系数量相对较少,但每个家系的产量提升幅度更为显著,如SLN8和SLH6。这可能与这2个品种原本的遗传背景有关,EMS诱变在这些品种中可能触发了更为有效的基因突变,从而实现了更显著的性状改良。
EMS作为一种高效的化学诱变剂,主要通过引发G/C到A/T的碱基替换,导致点突变[13-14]。这种突变方式能够在不改变作物整体遗传背景的前提下,产生多样性的基因变异。考虑到本研究中多个突变家系在株高和产量上同时表现出显著变化,推测这些突变可能涉及到多个控制株高和产量的关键基因。例如,已知的半矮秆基因sd1在控制株高方面发挥重要作用,EMS诱变可能在该基因或其调控网络中引发了有利的突变,从而实现了株高的有效降低和产量的提升。另外,根据已有报道,在山栏稻资源中使用标记RM208进行基因型鉴定,该标记的变异能够解释山兰旱稻株高总变异的42.62%[9],本研究中株高的基因突变也有可能是这个主效QTL,但目前还没有第二染色体上相关基因被克隆。利用这些突变体通过MutMap技术[13]或者图位克隆,有望克隆出山栏稻中的主效株高基因。
本研究成功筛选出多个优良的山栏稻突变体,为山栏稻的矮化和高产育种提供了新的遗传资源。这些突变体不仅有助于扩大山栏稻的种植范围,减少倒伏风险,提高种植密度,还能在保持或提升产量的同时,提升山栏稻的综合生产性能。此外,优良突变体的获得为后续分子育种和基因功能研究奠定了基础,有助于深入解析株高和产量的遗传机制,推动山栏稻分子育种的进程。
尽管本研究取得了显著成果,但仍存在一些局限性。首先,突变体的稳定性和遗传一致性尚需进一步验证,尤其是在不同环境条件下的适应性和表现。其次,突变体的基因型分析尚未深入,未来需要结合分子标记和基因组学手段,明确突变位点及其功能,为精确育种提供依据。此外,部分突变家系虽然实现了株高降低,但单株产量未达到预期,需通过进一步的回交和选择优化其性状表现。
未来的研究应着重于以下几个方面:一是对优良突变体进行多代稳定性测试,确保其在不同环境中的表现一致性;二是开展图位克隆或者MutMap技术,揭示控制株高和产量的关键基因及其作用机制。
总体而言,本研究证明了EMS诱变技术在山栏稻株高和产量改良中的有效性,成功筛选出多株株高降低且产量提升的优良突变体。这些成果为山栏稻的遗传改良和分子育种提供了重要的遗传资源和理论基础,具有显著的应用价值和推广前景。未来可通过进一步的基因分析和育种优化,有望培育出更加优质的山栏稻新品种,满足农业生产和市场需求的多重目标。
  • 海南省农作物遗传育种重点实验室开放课题(YCYZ202402)
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630032021015)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.011
  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
  • 录用日期:2025-01-27
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海南省农作物遗传育种重点实验室开放课题(YCYZ202402)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630032021015)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
    2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665099

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** 胡伟(HU Wei),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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