Article(id=1277240201135129567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734019200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1737043200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-17, onlineDate=1782447393926, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447393926, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447393926, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447393926, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1176, endPage=1184, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240203249058785, articleId=1277240201135129567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Pollination Methods on Fruit Quality and Related Enzyme Activities of Melon Jiyoumi 29, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Melon is an important cash crop in Hainan, and its pollination is mainly hormone pollination, which is easy to cause fruit deformity and accompanied by different degrees of flavor and quality decline, affecting commodity rate and planting efficiency. Melon Jiyoumi 29 was used as the experimental material. Different artificial pollen combinations were used to pollinate to compare with hormone pollination. The growth status of plants and fruits, the internal quality of fruits and the activities of key enzymes for sucrose accumulation, and analyzed the effects of pollination on the growth of plants and fruits were studied. Different pollination methods had great effects on plant height, stem diameter and biomass, fruit weight and hardness, and the stem diameter and biomass and fruit weight treated with T1 were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. The plant height and fruit hardness treated with CK were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. There were significant differences among different pollination methods on each index of melon fruit internal quality, and T1 treatment had the best effect, and its soluble solids, soluble sugar, sucrose content, fructose content and glucose content were significantly higher than CK treatment. The activity of sucrose synthase (SS) treated with T4 was relatively high during fruit growth and development. The sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in T1 treatment maintained a high level during the fruit growth and development, and the acid invertase activity in T1 and T2 treatment reached the highest at the 40th day after pollination, which were 93.69 U/g and 88.54 U/g respectively. The treatment of T1 (strong pollen vitality × high stigma receptivity) has the best effect on the growth and fruit quality of melon plants after artificial pollen pollination.

, authors=null, authorsList=Huiming ZHANG, Hanying ZHANG, Hongli LI, Shaochun WANG, Fusun YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Fusun YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240209922196463, articleId=1277240201135129567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=授粉方式对吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实品质和相关酶活性的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

甜瓜为海南省重要经济作物,授粉以激素授粉为主,易造成果实畸形并伴有不同程度风味和品质的下降,影响商品率和种植效益。为此,本研究以吉优蜜29号甜瓜为试验材料,采用不同人工花粉组合授粉方式,以激素授粉为对照,测定植株与果实的生长状况、果实内在品质及蔗糖积累关键酶活性,分析授粉对植株与果实生长的影响。结果表明:(1)不同授粉方式处理对甜瓜植株的株高、茎粗、生物量、果实质量、硬度产生很大影响,T1处理的甜瓜植株茎粗、生物量、果实质量显著高于其他处理。CK处理的甜瓜植株株高、果实硬度显著高于其他处理。(2)不同授粉方式处理对甜瓜果实内在品质各指标间均存在显著差异,以T1处理效果最佳,其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量均显著高于CK处理。(3)T4处理的蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性在果实生长发育过程中相对较高;T1处理的蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性在果实生长发育过程中保持较高水平,T1、T2处理的果实酸性转化酶活性在授粉后40 d达到最高,分别为93.69、88.54 U/g。因此,人工花粉授粉后甜瓜植株的生长状况与果实品质以T1(花粉活力强×柱头可授性高)处理组效果最佳。

, authors=

张惠明(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培与耕作。

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* 杨福孙(YANG Fusun),E-mail:
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张惠明(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培与耕作。

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张惠明(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物栽培与耕作。

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Molecular Plant, 2010, 3(6): 942-955., articleTitle=Sugar input, metabolism, and signaling mediated by invertase: roles in development, yield potential, and response to drought and heat, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240248992137328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=46, issue=1, pageStart=112, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=54, authorNames=张强, 代文婷, 李冀新, 金新文, journalName=食品与发酵工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张强, 代文婷, 李冀新, 金新文. 糖代谢对甜瓜果实后熟软化的影响[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2020, 46(1): 112-117., articleTitle=糖代谢对甜瓜果实后熟软化的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240249352847473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=46, issue=1, pageStart=112, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=55, authorNames=ZHANG Q, DAI W T, LI J X, JIN X W, journalName=Food and Fermentation Industries, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, DAI W T, LI J X, JIN X W. The effect of sugar metabolism on the post - ripening and softening of muskmelon fruit[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2020, 46(1): 112-117. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The effect of sugar metabolism on the post - ripening and softening of muskmelon fruit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240249436733554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=371, pageEnd=378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=56, authorNames=钱丽丽, 杨斯琪, 李跃, 刘盈, 李雪静, 孙华军, journalName=食品工业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钱丽丽, 杨斯琪, 李跃, 刘盈, 李雪静, 孙华军. 果实采后软化机制研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技, 2024, 45(4): 371-378., articleTitle=果实采后软化机制研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240249495453811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=371, pageEnd=378, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=57, authorNames=QIAN L L, YANG S Q, LI Y, LIU Y, LI X J, SUN H J, journalName=Science and Technology of Food Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIAN L L, YANG S Q, LI Y, LIU Y, LI X J, SUN H J. Research progress on the post-harvest softening mechanism of fruits[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(4): 371-378. 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Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=jBA1cjWnnNcD4F0+iVdT0Q==, figureFileBig=SMvQbs16x6Y4XJknGfEOng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240232567242790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同授粉方式处理甜瓜功能叶叶绿素b含量

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=jBA1cjWnnNcD4F0+iVdT0Q==, figureFileBig=SMvQbs16x6Y4XJknGfEOng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240233385132071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Correlation between effects of different pollination methods on phenotypes and photosynthetic pigments of Jiyoumi 29 at 40th day

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=ZInNmygEyjdRu9Qc4bHWSA==, figureFileBig=wuVHQuLAac/Vzam+tXkCfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240233838116904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同授粉方式处理40 d对吉优蜜29号甜瓜表型及光合色素影响的相关性

*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=ZInNmygEyjdRu9Qc4bHWSA==, figureFileBig=wuVHQuLAac/Vzam+tXkCfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240234244964393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=SS activity of Jiyoumi 29 under different pollination methods

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=BZNiDDnztnvQPj+ND2V6Sg==, figureFileBig=up7lL0ivmHThFpLlaJlJJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240234366599210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同授粉方式下吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实SS活性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=BZNiDDnztnvQPj+ND2V6Sg==, figureFileBig=up7lL0ivmHThFpLlaJlJJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240234723115051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=SPS activity of Jiyoumi 29 under different pollination methods

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=VooQi3n6XH8uP7qbcUHbuA==, figureFileBig=k+XSWP+johRQg7S5i3GFzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240235071242284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同授粉方式下吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实SPS活性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=VooQi3n6XH8uP7qbcUHbuA==, figureFileBig=k+XSWP+johRQg7S5i3GFzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240235142545453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=AI activity of Jiyoumi 29 under different pollination methods

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among treatments (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=giDPx2dNbdiDWLBZDLLZiQ==, figureFileBig=jDo4P3owgU+Bw6euEBl7YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240235486478382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同授粉方式下吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实AI活性

不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=giDPx2dNbdiDWLBZDLLZiQ==, figureFileBig=jDo4P3owgU+Bw6euEBl7YQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240235545198639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Correlation between internal quality of Jiyoumi 29 fruit and key enzymes of sucrose metabolism by pollination methods

* indicates significant correlation (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=4gpjwyMAqcsa7/A4mNztnw==, figureFileBig=/xpPJN8QuRKdcMLJzXjKgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240235616501808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=图6, caption=授粉方式对吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实内在品质与蔗糖代谢关键酶的相关性

*表示显著相关(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=4gpjwyMAqcsa7/A4mNztnw==, figureFileBig=/xpPJN8QuRKdcMLJzXjKgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240235922686002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Pollination methods of different combinations of powder sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment雄花开花时间Flowering time of male flowers花粉活力Pollen viability雌花开花时间Flowering time of female flowers柱头可授性Stigma receptivity组合Combination
人工花粉授粉开花后1 h开花后1 h强×高(T1
开花后1 h开花后5 h强×低(T2
开花后5 h开花后1 h弱×高(T3
开花后5 h开花后5 h弱×低(T4
激素授粉氯吡脲和咯菌腈混合溶液CK
), ArticleFig(id=1277240236023349299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同粉源组合的授粉方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment雄花开花时间Flowering time of male flowers花粉活力Pollen viability雌花开花时间Flowering time of female flowers柱头可授性Stigma receptivity组合Combination
人工花粉授粉开花后1 h开花后1 h强×高(T1
开花后1 h开花后5 h强×低(T2
开花后5 h开花后1 h弱×高(T3
开花后5 h开花后5 h弱×低(T4
激素授粉氯吡脲和咯菌腈混合溶液CK
), ArticleFig(id=1277240236757352500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Effects of different pollination methods on plant and fruit growth of Jiyoumi 29 at 40th day

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎粗Stem diameter/mm果实质量Fruit weight/kg果实硬度Fruit hardness/N生物量Biomass/g
T1208.27±0.59c14.79±1.69a1.90±0.20a26.04±0.18b298.90±24.32a
T2210.70±0.80ab13.47±0.24ab1.73±0.17ab23.86±1.12c265.60±16.60ab
T3210.53±0.34ab12.64±0.36b1.72±0.21ab26.70±0.67b259.59±37.83ab
T4209.87±0.95b13.18±0.52b1.71±0.12ab24.59±0.55c261.63±14.10ab
CK211.33±0.38a12.25±0.03b1.51±0.18b29.40±0.88a238.99±26.22b
), ArticleFig(id=1277240236841238581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同授粉方式处理40 d对吉优蜜29号甜瓜植株和果实生长的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm茎粗Stem diameter/mm果实质量Fruit weight/kg果实硬度Fruit hardness/N生物量Biomass/g
T1208.27±0.59c14.79±1.69a1.90±0.20a26.04±0.18b298.90±24.32a
T2210.70±0.80ab13.47±0.24ab1.73±0.17ab23.86±1.12c265.60±16.60ab
T3210.53±0.34ab12.64±0.36b1.72±0.21ab26.70±0.67b259.59±37.83ab
T4209.87±0.95b13.18±0.52b1.71±0.12ab24.59±0.55c261.63±14.10ab
CK211.33±0.38a12.25±0.03b1.51±0.18b29.40±0.88a238.99±26.22b
), ArticleFig(id=1277240237164199990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of different pollination methods on internal quality of Jiyoumi 29 after 40 days of pollination

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment含量Content
可溶性固形物Soluble solids/%可溶性糖Soluble sugar/(mg·g-1)蔗糖Sucrose/(mg·g-1)果糖Fructose/(mg·g-1)葡萄糖Glucose/(μmol·g-1)
T118.07±0.21a92.32±1.90ab13.74±0.32a58.13±5.32a15.73±0.66a
T216.87±0.71b93.52±2.82ab12.80±0.89a48.12±4.30bc15.88±0.33a
T317.17±0.42b94.90±3.03a10.11±0.45b35.50±3.83d16.11±0.55a
T416.50±0.30b79.00±3.63c10.75±0.52b43.66±2.16c15.36±0.34a
CK15.17±0.15c89.45±1.66b10.71±0.13b52.32±4.45ab15.48±0.56a
), ArticleFig(id=1277240237273251895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240201135129567, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同授粉方式处理40 d对吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实内在品质的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment含量Content
可溶性固形物Soluble solids/%可溶性糖Soluble sugar/(mg·g-1)蔗糖Sucrose/(mg·g-1)果糖Fructose/(mg·g-1)葡萄糖Glucose/(μmol·g-1)
T118.07±0.21a92.32±1.90ab13.74±0.32a58.13±5.32a15.73±0.66a
T216.87±0.71b93.52±2.82ab12.80±0.89a48.12±4.30bc15.88±0.33a
T317.17±0.42b94.90±3.03a10.11±0.45b35.50±3.83d16.11±0.55a
T416.50±0.30b79.00±3.63c10.75±0.52b43.66±2.16c15.36±0.34a
CK15.17±0.15c89.45±1.66b10.71±0.13b52.32±4.45ab15.48±0.56a
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授粉方式对吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实品质和相关酶活性的影响
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张惠明 1, 2 , 张汉英 1, 2 , 李洪立 3 , 王绍春 4 , 杨福孙 1, *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(5): 1176-1184
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (5) : 1176 -1184
授粉方式对吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实品质和相关酶活性的影响
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张惠明1, 2, 张汉英1, 2, 李洪立3, 王绍春4, 杨福孙1, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.海南昌江蜜瓜科技小院,海南昌江 572732
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
  • 4.海南王品农业科技开发有限公司,海南海口 570000
通讯作者:
* 杨福孙(YANG Fusun),E-mail:
Effects of Pollination Methods on Fruit Quality and Related Enzyme Activities of Melon Jiyoumi 29
Huiming ZHANG1, 2, Hanying ZHANG1, 2, Hongli LI3, Shaochun WANG4, Fusun YANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Hainan Changjiang Melon Technology Small Court, Changjiang, Hainan 572732, China
  • 3.Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 4.Hainan Wangpin Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 570000, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.016
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甜瓜为海南省重要经济作物,授粉以激素授粉为主,易造成果实畸形并伴有不同程度风味和品质的下降,影响商品率和种植效益。为此,本研究以吉优蜜29号甜瓜为试验材料,采用不同人工花粉组合授粉方式,以激素授粉为对照,测定植株与果实的生长状况、果实内在品质及蔗糖积累关键酶活性,分析授粉对植株与果实生长的影响。结果表明:(1)不同授粉方式处理对甜瓜植株的株高、茎粗、生物量、果实质量、硬度产生很大影响,T1处理的甜瓜植株茎粗、生物量、果实质量显著高于其他处理。CK处理的甜瓜植株株高、果实硬度显著高于其他处理。(2)不同授粉方式处理对甜瓜果实内在品质各指标间均存在显著差异,以T1处理效果最佳,其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量均显著高于CK处理。(3)T4处理的蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性在果实生长发育过程中相对较高;T1处理的蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性在果实生长发育过程中保持较高水平,T1、T2处理的果实酸性转化酶活性在授粉后40 d达到最高,分别为93.69、88.54 U/g。因此,人工花粉授粉后甜瓜植株的生长状况与果实品质以T1(花粉活力强×柱头可授性高)处理组效果最佳。

授粉  /  甜瓜  /  品质  /  蔗糖合成酶(SS)  /  蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS):酸性转化酶(AI)

Melon is an important cash crop in Hainan, and its pollination is mainly hormone pollination, which is easy to cause fruit deformity and accompanied by different degrees of flavor and quality decline, affecting commodity rate and planting efficiency. Melon Jiyoumi 29 was used as the experimental material. Different artificial pollen combinations were used to pollinate to compare with hormone pollination. The growth status of plants and fruits, the internal quality of fruits and the activities of key enzymes for sucrose accumulation, and analyzed the effects of pollination on the growth of plants and fruits were studied. Different pollination methods had great effects on plant height, stem diameter and biomass, fruit weight and hardness, and the stem diameter and biomass and fruit weight treated with T1 were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. The plant height and fruit hardness treated with CK were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. There were significant differences among different pollination methods on each index of melon fruit internal quality, and T1 treatment had the best effect, and its soluble solids, soluble sugar, sucrose content, fructose content and glucose content were significantly higher than CK treatment. The activity of sucrose synthase (SS) treated with T4 was relatively high during fruit growth and development. The sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) in T1 treatment maintained a high level during the fruit growth and development, and the acid invertase activity in T1 and T2 treatment reached the highest at the 40th day after pollination, which were 93.69 U/g and 88.54 U/g respectively. The treatment of T1 (strong pollen vitality × high stigma receptivity) has the best effect on the growth and fruit quality of melon plants after artificial pollen pollination.

pollination  /  Cucumis melo  /  quality  /  sucrose synthase (SS)  /  sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS): acid invertase (AI)
张惠明, 张汉英, 李洪立, 王绍春, 杨福孙. 授粉方式对吉优蜜29号甜瓜果实品质和相关酶活性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1176 -1184 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.016
Huiming ZHANG, Hanying ZHANG, Hongli LI, Shaochun WANG, Fusun YANG. Effects of Pollination Methods on Fruit Quality and Related Enzyme Activities of Melon Jiyoumi 29[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1176 -1184 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.016
甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)起源于非洲[1],属葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)甜瓜属(Cucumis)一年生蔓生草本植物[2],其种植区域广泛,遍布五大洲[3],是一种高经济的水果作物[4]。目前,甜瓜已成为海南省的主要经济作物,海南部分地方乡村振兴的重要作物,一年可种植和收获2~3次[5]
在植物生长和果实发育的过程中,授粉不仅是种子形成的必要条件,同时也对果实的品质有着重要影响。授粉过程是农作物进行有性繁殖的开始,也是农业生产上最关键的一环[6]。当前生产上甜瓜主要依靠激素授粉和自然蜜蜂授粉。激素授粉主要采用氯吡脲(CPPU)进行处理,常因激素剂量和使用时期不当而造成果实畸形,同时影响果实口感与风味[7],并伴随着不同程度的农药残留[8];蜜蜂授粉是早期甜瓜种植的主要传粉方式,其省时省工、且利于产品安全生产[9],海南等热区甜瓜种植于大棚,温度高,蜜蜂授粉易造成蜂群的大量死亡和甜瓜植株早衰,影响产量。有研究表明,人工花粉授粉虽然提高了人工成本,但利于提高果实品质和经济价值[10-12]
授粉作为植物生殖生长的关键环节,对果实的发育及糖分积累具有重要影响。研究表明,果实风味的形成与果实糖含量及各糖分所占比重关系密切,甜瓜果实中糖积累的主要形式为葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖[13],而蔗糖的积累是甜瓜果实糖分提高的重要原因[14]。在大多数植物中,蔗糖是源器官(叶)进行光合作用的主要产物,蔗糖合成后会通过韧皮部长距离运输转运至果实、根、茎尖等不同的库器官中维持其生长发育[15-16]。果实中蔗糖代谢的相关酶包括蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸化酶(SPS)、酸性转化酶(AI)[17],蔗糖合成酶可以通过催化葡萄糖和果糖的合成来促进蔗糖的合成,又可以催化蔗糖分解[18-19]。酸性转化酶促进蔗糖不可逆的分解,蔗糖磷酸合成酶可以将果糖和葡萄糖转化为蔗糖而在植物体内积累[20]
蔗糖是植物体内重要的能源和碳源物质,对于植物的生长和代谢具有重要作用。转化酶参与叶片光合作用,细胞对环境的响应及植物生长发育的调节[21-22],在光合组织中,蔗糖的合成与分配对于维持光合作用的平衡和调节植物体内碳同化的平衡也具有重要意义,这些酶在调控果实内糖分的合成、转运与代谢中发挥着至关重要的作用[23]。授粉作为果实发育的触发器,通过影响激素平衡、营养物质分配及基因表达模式,间接或直接调节这些关键酶的活性,进而影响甜瓜的糖分积累。而激素与蜜蜂授粉是如何影响甜瓜品质及糖分积累的差异?为此,本研究通过采用人工花粉授粉来模拟蜜蜂授粉方式,对比激素授粉的吉优蜜29号甜瓜,分析不同授粉处理下果实发育过程中糖代谢相关酶活性的动态变化,并结合表型指标及内在品质,探讨授粉方式如何调控这些酶的活性,进而影响甜瓜蔗糖代谢。通过调控授粉方式优化甜瓜栽培管理、为提升果实品质提供科学依据,对甜瓜产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。
试验地点位于海南省昌江黎族自治县海尾镇五大村王品果业有限公司蜜瓜试验示范基地(19.44°N,108.87°E),供试甜瓜品种为吉优蜜29号,试验时间为2023年12月至2024年5月,每年种植2批,第一批种植时间为同年的8—12月、第二批为12月至次年4月。种植株距36 cm,行距80 cm,种植密度1560株/667 m2
试验采用花粉不同活力与柱头不同可授性进行人工花粉组合授粉处理(表1)。先测定出吉优蜜29号甜瓜开花规律,确定开花周期。并在开花前1 d进行套袋处理,做好标记。按照表1设置粉源组合,在第15~16个节位的雌花开花时进行人工花粉组合授粉;激素授粉(CK)处理组在开花前1 d进行套袋处理,做好标记。配置好氯吡脲(四川施特优化工有限公司)和咯菌腈(先正达南通作物保护有限公司)混合均匀溶液,在雌花开花时进行激素授粉,将配置好的激素混合溶液用喷壶均匀喷施在雌花瓜胎表面,并进行套袋处理,每个处理3株,3次重复。
(1)甜瓜表型、生物量及可溶性固形物测定。在授粉后10、20、30、40 d取样,采用卷尺、DL91200数显游标卡尺测定植株株高、茎粗,采用电子天平测定果实质量,使用带有针形探针(直径5 mm)的TA TOUCH 10020质构仪(上海保圣实业发展有限公司)测定硬度,从每个去皮甜瓜阴阳两面的赤道轴上的等距点获得2个读数。植株全生物量测定:收获时将水冲刷植株根部土壤,取完整植株,105 ℃杀青30 min后60 ℃烘干至恒重,用百分之一天平准确称取植株干质量;使用FW-80T糖度计测得甜瓜果实可溶性固形物含量。
(2)叶绿素含量测定。不同授粉天数取样,测定功能叶的叶绿素,叶绿素含量测定参照95%无水乙醇浸提法[17]进行,暗处放置12~24 h,叶片全部变白后测定叶绿素含量。
(3)果实内在品质测定。不同授粉天数取样,切块液氮速冻。将甜瓜果实打磨成粉,保存于50 mL离心管中,置于–80 ℃超低温冰箱待用,按照酶试剂盒说明书测定甜瓜果实的可溶性糖、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量,3次重复,平行3次,测定均使用北京索莱宝科技有限公司试剂盒。
(4)糖分转化相关酶活性测定。不同授粉天数取样,切块液氮速冻。将甜瓜果实打磨成粉,保存于50 mL离心管中,置于–80 ℃超低温冰箱待用。按照酶试剂盒说明书测定甜瓜果实的蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和酸性转化酶(AI)活性,3次重复,平行3次,测定均使用北京索莱宝科技有限公司试剂盒。
采用Excel 2010软件整理数据,采用SPSS Statistics 26软件统计分析各成分的差异性,并进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANO-VA),采用Origin 2021软件绘图。
不同授粉方式授粉40 d后,植株株高、茎粗、果实质量、果实硬度、生物量间均差异显著(表2)。人工花粉4个处理组间,T1处理的甜瓜植株茎粗、果实质量、生物量显著高于T2、T3、T4处理,T2、T3、T4处理间差异不显著;CK处理的植株株高高于T1和T4处理,且差异显著,果实硬度显著高于其他处理。
不同授粉方式处理后,随着授粉天数的增加,甜瓜功能叶叶绿素b含量呈先上升后下降的趋势(图1)。CK处理下叶绿素b含量在20 d时达到最大,且与其他处理差异显著,较T1处理增加2.93%,较T2处理增加24.55%,较T3处理增加8.44%,较T4处理增加18.12%;T2处理下叶绿素b含量在20~40 d降幅最小,较T1处理减少31.69%,较T3处理减少29.33%,较T4处理减少17.04%,较CK处理减少18.46%。
图2可知,不同授粉方式处理对甜瓜植株和果实表型性状、光合色素含量间相关性较高,植株株高与茎粗、单果质量、生物量呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为–0.55、–0.58、–0.63,与叶绿素b含量呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.53;单果质量与生物量呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.91;叶绿素a含量与叶绿素b含量呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.83。
不同授粉方式授粉40 d后,果实内在品质各指标间均差异显著(表3)。人工花粉4个处理组间,以T1处理效果最佳,可溶性固形物、蔗糖含量和果糖含量显著高于其他处理;不同授粉方式处理的果实葡萄糖含量差异不显著。
不同授粉方式处理下果实中SS活性总体呈现出“升-降-升”的变化趋势(图3)。授粉10、40 d时,CK处理的SS活性显著高于其他处理;授粉20 d,T4处理下SS活性高达576.57 U/g,显著高于其他处理;授粉30 d,T1和T2处理下SS活性达到最低,显著低于其他处理。
图4可知,不同授粉方式处理下果实中SPS活性总体呈现出“降-降-升”的变化趋势,而T3处理下甜瓜果实SPS活性呈“升-降-升”的趋势,并在授粉20 d时达到最高,较其他处理增幅为29.51%~32.23%,在授粉30 d时达到最低,显著低于其他处理。
不同授粉方式处理下甜瓜果实中SPS活性总体呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势,各处理在不同授粉天数间均差异显著(图5)。T1、T2处理组在授粉40 d时AI活性达到最高,分别为93.69、88.54 U/g,且与其他处理存在显著性差异;CK处理在授粉10、40 d时AI活性均低于其他处理,分别为52.83、21.34 U/g,且差异显著。
图6可知,不同授粉方式处理对甜瓜果实内在品质与蔗糖代谢关键酶含量间相关性较高,可溶性固形物与蔗糖含量、酸性转化酶呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.60、0.74,与蔗糖合成酶呈显著负相关;蔗糖含量与蔗糖合成酶呈显著负相关,相关系数为–0.69;果糖含量与蔗糖磷酸合成酶呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.79;蔗糖合成酶与酸性转化酶呈显著负相关,相关系数为–0.84。
花粉活力和授粉时机的把握对于植物生长发育具有重要意义。花粉活力和柱头可授性的强弱是决定授粉成功率的关键因素[24],它不仅影响授粉后花粉管的伸长和受精过程,还与果实的品质和产量密切相关。不同授粉方式授粉40 d,T1(花粉活力强×柱头可授性高)处理的甜瓜植株与果实长势良好,优于其他处理,而CK(激素授粉)的植株株高和果实硬度显著高于人工花粉授粉处理组,激素的合理使用可以有效地促进植物的生长发育。同时,生物量是反映植物体有机物积累状况的主要指标[25],是作物产量和品质形成的基础[26]。本研究中,T1处理的植株生物量显著高于其他处理,说明T1处理的果实具有较高的生长速度、积累的有机物较多,使得积累生物量显著高于其他处理。
叶绿素作为植物进行光合作用的主要色素,其含量通常与光合作用呈正相关[27],光合作用是植物进行生产的基础[28]。不同授粉方式处理下,甜瓜功能叶叶绿素含量20 d时达到最高值,之后开始降低,可能是由于甜瓜果实在生长发育过程中,随着果实的膨大,功能叶叶片也在逐渐增大,使得叶绿素含量在0~20 d时达到最高,随着果实的发育成熟,功能叶叶片停止生长转而逐渐衰老,直至枯萎,叶绿素含量在40 d时降到最低。
在人工花粉授粉过程中,花粉的活力和柱头的可授性是影响果实品质的关键因素。高活力花粉和良好可授性的柱头有助于果实营养成分的显著提升。其中,可溶性固形物和可溶性糖是衡量果实口感和营养价值的重要指标,可溶性固形物的增加将带来更佳的口感和更丰富的营养,可溶性糖是调控植物生长发育的重要信号分子[20]。本研究表明,人工花粉授粉的甜瓜其可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量显著高于激素授粉。
蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)在蔗糖的合成过程中起着关键作用[27]。SS主要催化蔗糖的合成,将单糖转化为蔗糖,而SPS则通过磷酸化作用促进蔗糖的合成[29]。这2种酶在植物体内相互协作,共同调节蔗糖的合成速率和方向,酸性转化酶则主要参与蔗糖的分解过程。在植物体内,酸性转化酶可以将蔗糖分解为单糖,从而影响蔗糖的运输和利用[30]。此外,它还可以将光合作用合成的蔗糖进行分配,用于储存、呼吸或其他生物合成过程[31]。本研究中,不同授粉方式处理对甜瓜糖分积累相关酶活性有不同程度的影响,T4处理的蔗糖合成酶活性在果实生长发育过程中相对较高,T1处理的蔗糖磷酸合成酶在果实生长发育过程中保持较高水平,T1、T2处理的果实酸性转化酶活性在授粉后40 d时达到最高,可能是由于T1、T2处理的甜瓜成熟期早,采摘后快速进入后熟阶段,使得酸性转化酶快速增加,而酸性转化酶的增加有助于果实的成熟和软化[32],通过分解蔗糖,释放出的葡萄糖和果糖可以为果实的细胞提供能量,促进细胞壁的降解和果肉的软化,从而使果实更易于食用和消化[33-34]
不同授粉方式对甜瓜植株的生长形态、生理过程存在明显的相关性,即T1处理组在授粉后,甜瓜植株的生长性状和光合色素含量在10~30 d时保持较高水平,显著高于其他处理,长势最佳,随着果实的成熟,在40 d时达到最低,果实成熟期早;同时不同授粉方式对甜瓜果实品质及糖分积累关键酶含量间相关性较高,T1处理的甜瓜果实内在品质显著高于其他处理。人工花粉授粉4个处理组的蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶、酸性转化酶,在整个果实生长发育过程中均保持在较高水平;不同授粉方式授粉后,甜瓜果实的蔗糖含量与蔗糖磷酸合成酶、酸性转化酶呈显著正相关、与蔗糖合成酶呈显著负相关;蔗糖合成酶与酸性转化酶呈显著负相关,综合考虑甜瓜的生长特性、内在品质及糖分积累相关酶的活性,得出甜瓜在T1(花粉活力强×柱头可授性高)授粉后生长状况与果实品质最佳。
  • 2022年海南大学自然科学类横向项目(HD-KYH-2023016)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.016
  • 接收时间:2024-12-13
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-13
  • 录用日期:2025-01-17
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2022年海南大学自然科学类横向项目(HD-KYH-2023016)
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    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.海南昌江蜜瓜科技小院,海南昌江 572732
    3.中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南海口 571101
    4.海南王品农业科技开发有限公司,海南海口 570000

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Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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