Article(id=1277240126531044163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734278400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-16, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1737388800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-01-21, onlineDate=1782447376138, onlineDateStr=2026-06-26, pubDate=1748102400000, pubDateStr=2025-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782447376138, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782447376138, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782447376138, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1277239982603502113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='5', pageStart='1025', pageEnd='1277', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1748102400000', pubDateStr='2025-05-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782447341824, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782447947315, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1277242522292319216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1277239982603502113, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1217, endPage=1225, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1277240129362199365, articleId=1277240126531044163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Synergistic Effect of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus cereus and Biocontrol Bacillus velezensis, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Cowpea Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum occurs in almost all cowpea growing areas, and the yield loss can be as high as 70% in major domestic producing areas such as Hainan. Currently, chemical control measures are the primary management strategy in China. The use of microbial biocontrol agents can reduce the application of agrochemicals and mitigate the risks of pesticide residues, and has been widely adopted for the management of soil-borne diseases. However, there is limited research on the use of multi-functional microbial consortia for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in cowpea. In this study, we screened highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) using the molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and evaluated the synergistic effects of the selected PSB strain and the antagonistic Bacillus velezensis strain on cowpea growth and Fusarium wilt control. From 10 phosphate-solubilizing bacterial isolates, we identified B. cereus LMSY3PSB-2-2 (abbreviated as P) as a highly efficient PSB strain. The optimal ratio of the PSB strain P to the biocontrol strain B. velezensis X5 was determined to be 2∶1. Compared to the individual application of the PSB strain P or the biocontrol strain X5, the composite inoculum at this ratio significantly enhanced cowpea seed germination, plant growth, and root vigor. Under pot experiments, the composite inoculum achieved a 96% disease control effect against Fusarium wilt and increased the available soil phosphorus content by 19%. The results would provide a theoretical guide for utilizing the PSB strain P and the antagonistic strain X5 in a microbial consortium to promote cowpea growth and control Fusarium wilt, laying a foundation for the development of multi-functional composite microbial products to support sustainable agriculture.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ruicheng WANG, You ZHOU, Yongquan TA, Tianming YANG, Meng CHEN, Jun WANG, Yang YANG, Changcong LIANG, Shuhua ZHANG, Laying YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shuhua ZHANG, Laying YANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1277240136932918096, articleId=1277240126531044163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=解磷菌蜡样芽孢杆菌与生防菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的协同作用研究, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

由尖孢镰刀菌嗜导管专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum)引起的豇豆枯萎病几乎在所有豇豆种植区均有发生,在海南等国内主要产区造成产量损失高达70%。利用微生物防治能减少农药的使用量,预防农药残留的风险发生,该方法已被广泛用于土传病害的防控。但有关利用多功能微生物复合菌群防控豇豆枯萎病的研究仍鲜有报道。针对豇豆枯萎病的生物防控,本研究采用钼锑比色法对10株解磷菌活性进行复筛,并评价其中高活性菌株与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对豇豆生长及豇豆枯萎病的协同防控作用。结果表明:从10株解磷细菌复筛中发现蜡样芽孢杆菌LMSY3PSB-2-2(简称为解磷菌P)为高效解磷菌;解磷菌P与拮抗菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(X5)的优势菌液最佳配比为2∶1;与单施解磷菌P或拮抗菌X5菌液相比,该配比复合菌液能显著促进豇豆种子萌发与豇豆生长,提高豇豆根系活力,盆栽试验中对豇豆枯萎病的防效达96%,提升土壤中有效磷含量最高达19%。研究结果为利用解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5的复合菌群促进豇豆生长和防控豇豆枯萎病提供理论指导,为开发多功能复合微生物菌剂、促进农业可持续发展奠定基础。

, authors=

王瑞成(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源研究与利用。

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* 张淑华(ZHANG Shuhua),E-mail:;
杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
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2.Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops / Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Bank (Hainan) / Tropical Agricultural Microbial Species Library of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1277240140707791711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, authorId=1277240139977982810, language=CN, stringName=王瑞成, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.长春理工大学生命科学技术学院,吉林长春 130022
2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南)/海南省热带农业微生物菌种资源库,海南海口 571101, bio={"content":"

王瑞成(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源研究与利用。

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王瑞成(1998—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:微生物资源研究与利用。

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Biology Control, 2022, 176: 105100., articleTitle=Combined use of Trichoderma and beneficial bacteria (mainly Bacillus and Pseudomonas): development of microbial synergistic bio-inoculants in sustainable agriculture, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240196240376793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=200, pageEnd=205, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=52, authorNames=吕建林, 刘二明, 柏连阳, 肖启明, 奉光平, 燕玮婷, journalName=中国生物防治, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕建林, 刘二明, 柏连阳, 肖启明, 奉光平, 燕玮婷. 烟草青枯病生防菌混合接种对其定殖及防效的影响[J]. 中国生物防治, 2010, 26(2): 200-205., articleTitle=烟草青枯病生防菌混合接种对其定殖及防效的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240198207505370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=26, issue=2, pageStart=200, pageEnd=205, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=53, authorNames=LYU J L, LIU E M, BAI L Y, XIAO Q M, FENG G P, YAN W T, journalName=Chinese Journal of Biological Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LYU J L, LIU E M, BAI L Y, XIAO Q M, FENG G P, YAN W T. Effects of the mixed inoculation of different biocontrol strains on colonization in tobacco and control of tobacco bacterial wilt[J]. Chinese Journal of Biological Control, 2010, 26(2): 200-205. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of the mixed inoculation of different biocontrol strains on colonization in tobacco and control of tobacco bacterial wilt, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1277240198589187035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=93, issue=5, pageStart=626, pageEnd=632, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=54, authorNames=DE BOER M, BOM P, KINDT F, KEURENTJES J J B, VAN DER SLUIS I, VAN LOON L C, BAKKER P A H M, journalName=Phytopathology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DE BOER M, BOM P, KINDT F, KEURENTJES J J B, VAN DER SLUIS I, VAN LOON L C, BAKKER P A H M. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effect of co-treatment of two Bacillus strains on citrus seedlings infected with Huanglongbing, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1277240170093085601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, awardId=1630042022010; 1630042024002, language=CN, fundingSource=中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022010; 1630042024002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1277240171326210978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, awardId=CATASCXTD202312, language=CN, fundingSource=中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202312), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1277240137838887762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240137859859283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, companyId=1277240137838887762, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240138174432084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, companyId=1277240137838887762, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.长春理工大学生命科学技术学院,吉林长春 130022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1277240139864736597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240139881513814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, companyId=1277240139864736597, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops / Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Bank (Hainan) / Tropical Agricultural Microbial Species Library of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1277240139894096727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, companyId=1277240139864736597, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南)/海南省热带农业微生物菌种资源库,海南海口 571101)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1277240164648879001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Phosphate-solubilizing ability of different bacterial strains

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=s5e0ZZaWsJMJzmbRfXAbZA==, figureFileBig=osdBSHvETSGjz7ZCWPv9JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240165026366362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同菌株的解磷能力

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=s5e0ZZaWsJMJzmbRfXAbZA==, figureFileBig=osdBSHvETSGjz7ZCWPv9JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240167199015835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Co-culture of phosphate-solubilizing strain P and antagonistic strain X5, and its activity

A: Co-cultivation growth status; B: Phosphate-solubilizing activity of compound bacterial solution; C: Antagonistic effects of compound bacterial solution against the pathogen; D: Inhibition rate of compound bacterial solution against the pathogen. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=NYoUVeuE/tXS8sV7GlobvQ==, figureFileBig=JH2nXmNyYN9Cv296CRL2xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240167563920284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=CN, label=图2, caption=解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5复配共培养及其活性

A:共培养生长情况;B:复配菌液的解磷活性;C:复配菌液对病原菌的拮抗作用;D:复配菌液对病原菌的抑制率。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=NYoUVeuE/tXS8sV7GlobvQ==, figureFileBig=JH2nXmNyYN9Cv296CRL2xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240167949796253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Plant growth-promoting effects of co-cultured microbial consortium on cowpea

Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=khNawPUXKU0Mb4h54q/0ow==, figureFileBig=hylprIivp1Bgznm7xCOvRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240168054653854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=CN, label=图3, caption=共培养复合菌群菌悬液对豇豆的促生作用

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=khNawPUXKU0Mb4h54q/0ow==, figureFileBig=hylprIivp1Bgznm7xCOvRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240168474084255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Evaluation of biocontrol efficacy of microbial consortium against Fusarium wilt of cowpea

A: Disease index and control effect; B: Root activity; C: Chlorophyll content; D: Root length and stem height; E: Soil nutrient contents. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (P<0.05).

, figureFileSmall=5UMeV50lyvV2H1wXNhPwcA==, figureFileBig=zF6lBt/k8sjpurNniUdnLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1277240169241641888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1277240126531044163, language=CN, label=图4, caption=复合菌群菌悬液对豇豆枯萎病的防控效果评价

A:病情指数和防效;B:根系活力;C:叶绿素含量;D:植株根长和茎高;E:土壤养分含量。不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

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解磷菌蜡样芽孢杆菌与生防菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的协同作用研究
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王瑞成 1, 2 , 周游 2 , 他永全 2 , 杨天明 2 , 陈梦 2 , 汪军 2 , 杨扬 2 , 梁昌聪 2 , 张淑华 1, * , 杨腊英 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(5): 1217-1225
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (5) : 1217 -1225
解磷菌蜡样芽孢杆菌与生防菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的协同作用研究
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王瑞成1, 2, 周游2, 他永全2, 杨天明2, 陈梦2, 汪军2, 杨扬2, 梁昌聪2, 张淑华1, * , 杨腊英2, *
作者信息
  • 1.长春理工大学生命科学技术学院,吉林长春 130022
  • 2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南)/海南省热带农业微生物菌种资源库,海南海口 571101
通讯作者:
* 张淑华(ZHANG Shuhua),E-mail:;
杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
Synergistic Effect of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus cereus and Biocontrol Bacillus velezensis
Ruicheng WANG1, 2, You ZHOU2, Yongquan TA2, Tianming YANG2, Meng CHEN2, Jun WANG2, Yang YANG2, Changcong LIANG2, Shuhua ZHANG1, * , Laying YANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
  • 2.Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / National Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops / Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / National Fertilizer Microbial Germplasm Bank (Hainan) / Tropical Agricultural Microbial Species Library of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
出版时间: 2025-05-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.020
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由尖孢镰刀菌嗜导管专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum)引起的豇豆枯萎病几乎在所有豇豆种植区均有发生,在海南等国内主要产区造成产量损失高达70%。利用微生物防治能减少农药的使用量,预防农药残留的风险发生,该方法已被广泛用于土传病害的防控。但有关利用多功能微生物复合菌群防控豇豆枯萎病的研究仍鲜有报道。针对豇豆枯萎病的生物防控,本研究采用钼锑比色法对10株解磷菌活性进行复筛,并评价其中高活性菌株与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌对豇豆生长及豇豆枯萎病的协同防控作用。结果表明:从10株解磷细菌复筛中发现蜡样芽孢杆菌LMSY3PSB-2-2(简称为解磷菌P)为高效解磷菌;解磷菌P与拮抗菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(X5)的优势菌液最佳配比为2∶1;与单施解磷菌P或拮抗菌X5菌液相比,该配比复合菌液能显著促进豇豆种子萌发与豇豆生长,提高豇豆根系活力,盆栽试验中对豇豆枯萎病的防效达96%,提升土壤中有效磷含量最高达19%。研究结果为利用解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5的复合菌群促进豇豆生长和防控豇豆枯萎病提供理论指导,为开发多功能复合微生物菌剂、促进农业可持续发展奠定基础。

豇豆枯萎病  /  解磷细菌  /  贝莱斯芽孢杆菌  /  促生作用  /  防控效果

Cowpea Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum occurs in almost all cowpea growing areas, and the yield loss can be as high as 70% in major domestic producing areas such as Hainan. Currently, chemical control measures are the primary management strategy in China. The use of microbial biocontrol agents can reduce the application of agrochemicals and mitigate the risks of pesticide residues, and has been widely adopted for the management of soil-borne diseases. However, there is limited research on the use of multi-functional microbial consortia for the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in cowpea. In this study, we screened highly efficient phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) using the molybdenum-antimony colorimetric method, and evaluated the synergistic effects of the selected PSB strain and the antagonistic Bacillus velezensis strain on cowpea growth and Fusarium wilt control. From 10 phosphate-solubilizing bacterial isolates, we identified B. cereus LMSY3PSB-2-2 (abbreviated as P) as a highly efficient PSB strain. The optimal ratio of the PSB strain P to the biocontrol strain B. velezensis X5 was determined to be 2∶1. Compared to the individual application of the PSB strain P or the biocontrol strain X5, the composite inoculum at this ratio significantly enhanced cowpea seed germination, plant growth, and root vigor. Under pot experiments, the composite inoculum achieved a 96% disease control effect against Fusarium wilt and increased the available soil phosphorus content by 19%. The results would provide a theoretical guide for utilizing the PSB strain P and the antagonistic strain X5 in a microbial consortium to promote cowpea growth and control Fusarium wilt, laying a foundation for the development of multi-functional composite microbial products to support sustainable agriculture.

cowpea Fusarium wilt disease  /  phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB)  /  Bacillus velezensis  /  growth-promoting effects  /  disease control efficacy
王瑞成, 周游, 他永全, 杨天明, 陈梦, 汪军, 杨扬, 梁昌聪, 张淑华, 杨腊英. 解磷菌蜡样芽孢杆菌与生防菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的协同作用研究. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1217 -1225 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.020
Ruicheng WANG, You ZHOU, Yongquan TA, Tianming YANG, Meng CHEN, Jun WANG, Yang YANG, Changcong LIANG, Shuhua ZHANG, Laying YANG. Synergistic Effect of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacillus cereus and Biocontrol Bacillus velezensis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (5) : 1217 -1225 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.020
豇豆枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌嗜导管专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum,FOT)引起的维管束病害,它通过伤口或直接穿透根部,然后在木质部定殖。被侵染的豇豆植株表现为基部茎肿胀、叶片褪绿、变黄、落叶、枯萎、维管变色,甚至植株死亡。几乎所有豇豆种植区均有豇豆枯萎病的发生。在澳大利亚西北部、巴西东北部、尼日利亚、美国东南部和加利福尼亚州的中央谷地均报道过豇豆枯萎病的发生[1]。我国主要在广东、福建、广西、海南、江西等地为害较多,目前已遍布所有豇豆产区,产量损失高达70%[2]。近年来,由于海南三亚市豇豆多年连作,土壤条件恶化,三亚市豇豆枯萎病大面积流行,发生严重地块可减产70%~80%,严重影响豇豆生产[3]。目前豇豆枯萎病的防治手段有选育抗病品种、轮作、土壤消毒、控制线虫、化学防治和生物防治等[4]。国内使用最多的防治手段是化学防治,但是由于豇豆长期使用化学农药,近年来国内豇豆农药残留超标等问题频繁发生[5-6]。利用微生物防治土传病害是近年来的热点,微生物不仅可以生活在土壤中与病原菌形成长期对抗,降低病害发生,而且能减少农药的使用量,预防农药残留的风险发生[7]
截至目前,木霉菌[8-12]、丝状菌根真菌[13]、解淀粉芽孢杆菌[14]、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌[15]、链霉菌[16]及相关微生物菌剂[17]已被用于防控豇豆枯萎病。然而,在微生物群落高度复杂的土壤中,单一生防菌株往往存在定殖率低、持效期短和防效不稳定等问题。构建不同功能互补的多物种复合微生物菌群作为提高单一生防菌生防效率的有效措施之一,在过去10 a中已得到迅速发展,在包括热区农业等多种农业生态系统中得到广泛应用[18]。但有关利用多功能复合菌群防控豇豆枯萎病的研究仍鲜有报道。
本课题组前期从不同生境中进行了多功能有益微生物的分离及活性评价。从黎母山野生香蕉根际土壤中分离得到高活性的解磷菌株蜡样芽孢杆菌LMSY3PSB-2-2;从海南红树林中分离得到1株既有解磷能力,又对植物病原菌具有广谱抑菌活性的贝莱斯芽孢杆菌X5。基于此,本研究首先对上述2株高活性菌株和其余8株解磷菌进行解磷活性复筛,获得1株高解磷活性菌株;通过对高活性解磷菌株与X5共培养过程中解磷和拮抗活性评价,获得具有高解磷、高抑菌活性的多功能复合菌群;通过离体和盆栽试验,对复合菌群促进豇豆生长和防控豇豆枯萎病的活性进行评价,以期为利用多功能复合菌群防控豇豆枯萎病提供理论指导。
土壤样品采自海南省海口市琼山区云龙镇,土壤类型为红壤土,采样点为豇豆根周土壤。取回实验室后在121 ℃条件下高压灭菌60 min,反复3次。
高活性解磷菌蜡样芽孢杆菌LMSY3PSB-2-2(简称为解磷菌P)、解磷及高拮抗活性菌贝莱斯芽孢杆菌X5(简称为拮抗菌X5)以及其余8株解磷菌BWLY1PSB-1、BWZY2PSB-2、BWLY1PSB-3、XSZSY2PSB-4、LMSY2PSB-5、BWLY2PSB-7、BWLY2PSB-8、LMSY1PSB-8-2,均由中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所微生物资源研究与利用研究组分离鉴定并保存,豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT菌株由三亚市热带农业科学院赠送。
选用豇豆翠玉长隆品种,挑选成熟饱满的豇豆种子,经0.2%高锰酸钾溶液消毒15 min和连续清水冲洗2次后风干,备用[19]
在20 mL三角瓶中倒入约5 mL LB培养液,用灭菌牙签分别挑取供试菌株单菌落置于三角瓶中,于37 ℃、180 r/min震荡培养16 h后,将供试菌液OD600均调至1.0,用于后续菌株组合培养、解磷能力和拮抗能力测定。
豇豆枯萎病菌株FOT接种于PDA平板上,置于28 ℃培养箱中培养7 d,直至菌丝长满整个培养皿,利用打孔器打孔挑取新鲜菌饼接种于PDA平板用于拮抗试验。
参考陈玮[20]改进的钼锑抗比色法进行供试菌株的解磷能力测定。分别取200 mL不同菌株种子液接种于装有50 mL无机磷液体培养基(葡萄糖10.0 g、硫酸铵2.0 g、磷酸三钙5.0 g、胰蛋白胨0.5 g、去离子水1000 mL、pH 7.00~7.50)的150 mL三角瓶中,于37 ℃、180 r/min条件下震荡培养7 d。然后吸取各菌株培养液2 mL于10 000 r/min条件下离心10 min,在700 nm波长下测定上清液吸光值(OD700),以未接菌作为空白对照。以OD700为纵坐标(y),解磷量为横坐标(x)绘制磷标准曲线,得到钼锑抗磷标准曲线线性回归方程为y=0.2834x-0.0121(R2=0.99),通过磷标准曲线回归方程计算溶液中的有效磷含量,以确定菌株解磷能力。
(1)不同配比菌液摇培。将解磷菌P和拮抗菌X5分别以7.5 μL和7.5 μL、5.0 μL和10.0 μL、10.0 μL和5.0 μL的量接种至装有5 mL LB培养液的20 mL三角瓶中,获得解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5浓度组合比例分别为1∶1、1∶2、2∶1,于37 ℃、180 r/min条件下震荡培养16 h获得共培养菌液。
(2)不同配比菌液菌落生长情况。采用菌落计数法,将上述培养的浓度组合菌液,用灭菌超纯水分别稀释106、107、108倍后涂布于LB培养基平板,每个稀释倍数设置3次重复,置于37 ℃培养箱,24 h过夜观察菌落生长情况,统计LB平板上不同组合的解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5的数量。
(3)不同配比菌液解磷能力测定。根据1.2.2的方法,在无机磷液体培养基中分别接种解磷菌P、拮抗菌X5以及解磷菌P和拮抗菌X5不同配比菌液200 μL,于37 ℃、180 r/min条件下震荡培养7 d后,测定不同配比菌液解磷能力。
(4)不同配比菌液对豇豆枯萎病病原菌的拮抗作用。分别取10.0 μL解磷菌P、拮抗菌X5以及解磷菌P和拮抗菌X5不同浓度组合培养菌液,接种至平板上距真菌菌饼左右两侧1 cm处,每个处理重复3次。于28 ℃恒温培养箱中培养5 d后,观察拮抗效果,并以十字交叉法测量菌落直径,计算抑制率。抑制率=(对照平均直径-处理平均直径)/对照平均直径×100%。
(1)供试菌液的制备。解磷菌P、拮抗菌X5以及解磷菌P和拮抗菌X5比例为2∶1的复合菌剂(2∶1)接种于灭菌液体LB培养基中,于37 ℃、180 r/min摇床中培养约48 h(涂布LB平板计算其浓度),然后以4000 r/min离心10 min,弃上清液,以无菌水重悬菌体沉淀,将重悬的菌液稀释至浓度为106 CFU/mL,备用。
(2)联合培养菌液对豇豆的促生作用。分别设置清水为对照(CK)、解磷菌P(P)、拮抗菌X5(X5)、解磷菌P和拮抗菌X5接种比例为2∶1的复合菌剂(2∶1),共4个处理,每个处理放置12粒种子于种子萌发袋中,每个处理重复3次,培养5 d后,计算发芽率(GR)。GR=Gt/T×100%,式中,Gt表示t时间内发芽的种子总数,T表示供试种子总数。
(3)根系活力测定。参照朱秀云等[21]的TTC法测定根系活力,获得根系活力测定的标准曲线方程:y=7.8623x-0.0322(R2=0.9997)。
采用盆栽试验对复合菌剂对豇豆枯萎病的防控效果进行评价。分别设置清水对照(CK)、解磷菌P(P)、拮抗菌X5(X5)、2∶1的复合菌剂(2∶1)、豇豆枯萎病病原菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. tracheiphilum,FOT)、豇豆枯萎病病原菌和解磷菌P(FOT+P)、豇豆枯萎病病原菌和拮抗菌X5(FOT+X5)、豇豆枯萎病病原菌和2∶1的复合菌剂(FOT+2∶1),共8个处理。每个处理重复3次,每个重复6株幼苗。在移苗前,将病原菌混入土中,使土壤中病原菌终浓度为105 CFU/g。苗定植1周后分别加入各处理菌液,土壤中终浓度为105 CFU/g,依据土壤湿润度适时补充水分。上述各处理在植株栽培70 d时,测定每个处理组豇豆的根系活力、叶绿素含量、茎高和根长,并统计豇豆枯萎病发生情况与病情指数。将整株植株连根拔起,然后纵切豇豆苗根基部,根据POTTORFF等[1]的分级标准进行病情分级鉴定。根据病情指数计算复合菌剂对豇豆枯萎病的防治效果。发病率=发病株数/总株数×100%;病情指数=∑(各级病株数×该病级值)/(总株数×最高级值)×100;防治效果=(CK病情指数-处理病情指数)/CK病情指数×100%。
在盆栽试验前在供试土壤中加入磷酸三钙,使其终浓度为5.0 g/kg,经过盆栽试验后,使用LD-TYA型土壤养分速测仪,测定各处理组土壤的有效磷、有效钾、铵态氮含量。
采用Excel 2010、SPSS 19.0和MEGA 11软件对试验数据进行统计与分析,并制图,采用Duncan’s法进行多重比较。
采用钼锑抗比色法对实验室前期筛选得到的10株具有解磷能力的菌株进行活性复筛(图1)。结果发现,蜡样芽孢杆菌LMSY3PSB-2-2(简称为解磷菌P)摇培后,无机磷培养基中的有效磷含量高达78 mg/L,显著优于其他菌株;菌株BWZY2PSB-2、BWLY1PSB-3、XSZSY2PSB-4、LMSY2PSB-5、BWLY2PSB-8、LMSY1PSB-8-2摇培后的有效磷含量次之;贝莱斯芽孢杆菌X5(简称为拮抗菌X5)、BWLY1PSB-1、BWLY2PSB-7和LMSY1PSB-8-2摇培后的有效磷含量最小。说明解磷菌P的解磷能力最强,因此选择该菌株与拮抗菌株X5进行后续的共培养试验。
为探索解磷菌株P与拮抗菌株X5能否共培养形成多功能复合菌群,对2株菌不同配比共培养后的生长状况、解磷能力以及拮抗活性进行测定。由图2A可知,2株菌不同配比组合共培养后的菌液涂布在LB平板上可以观察到解磷菌株P与拮抗菌株X5的菌落,说明二者之间可共培养。由图2B可知,解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5的配比为2∶1时,其共培养菌液对无机磷液体培养液的解磷能力最强,有效磷含量高达90 mg/L,显著高于单菌及其他配比的解磷能力。比单一解磷菌P的有效磷含量提高25%,比单一拮抗菌X5或1∶2复配菌液相比,提高有效磷含量可达47%。表明接种较低浓度拮抗菌X5可显著提高解磷菌P的解磷能力。因此选用解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5的配比为2∶1进行后续试验。
图2C图2D可知,解磷菌P对豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT无拮抗作用,但拮抗菌X5对豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT具有较强的拮抗作用,抑制率为80%。当解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5的配比为2∶1时,对病原菌FOT的抑制率达到85%。通过比较分析发现,复配比例为2∶1的菌液对病原菌的拮抗能力显著性高于单菌剂X5处理,混合培养后菌液对病原菌FOT拮抗能力上升的原因可能是混合培养后产生了新的拮抗物质。
为明确上述配比共培养复合菌剂菌悬液对豇豆的促生作用,采用种子萌发袋测定各处理对豇豆种子萌发及萌发后幼苗的根系活力。结果表明,与CK相比,不同菌株接种处理均显著促进豇豆种子萌发。其中,接种复合菌群(2∶1)后种子发芽率最高(89%),接种解磷菌P次之(82%),拮抗菌X5较低(60%),发芽率分别比CK提高了111.9%、85.2%和42.8%(图3A)。此外,接种复合菌群(2∶1)后豇豆幼苗根系活力最高,显著高于其他处理;接种解磷菌P和拮抗菌X5后豇豆幼苗根系活力次之;CK的根系活力最低(图3B)。可见,解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5配比为2∶1所组成复合菌群可显著促进豇豆种子萌发和豇豆幼苗根系活力,对豇豆具有良好的促生作用。
进一步采用盆栽试验对解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5按2∶1共培养后的促生及防病效果进行测定。由图4A可知,解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5复合菌共培养菌液对豇豆枯萎病的防效高达96%,拮抗菌X5的防效次之,解磷菌P的防效较弱。根系活力、株高、根长以及叶绿素含量等植株表型测定结果表明,在未接种豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT的4个处理中,与CK相比,接种生物菌剂均增加豇豆根系活力、株高、根长及叶绿素含量。其中复合菌剂2∶1处理的根系活力、株高和根长最大,叶绿素含量最大,均显著高于其他处理;解磷菌P处理的次之,但显著高于CK;与CK相比,拮抗菌X5显著增加豇豆根系活力,但株高和根长与CK间无显著差异。接种复配菌剂对豇豆枯萎病的防效为96%,株高增长28.5%,根系活力提升32.7%,叶绿素含量提升24.3%(图4B~图4D)。可见,在无病原菌入侵的情况下,复合菌剂比单一有益微生物对植物的促生作用更明显,且解磷菌P可能在复合菌群功能发挥中起主要作用。在接种豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT的4个处理中,接种生物菌剂后均缓解了病原菌FOT对豇豆根系活力、株高及根长的抑制作用。其中复合菌2∶1处理的根系活力、株高和根长最大;拮抗菌X5处理次之;解磷菌P处理较小。可见,在豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT入侵的情况下,复合菌群较单一有益微生物对病原菌危害的缓解作用明显,且拮抗菌X5可能在复合菌群功能发挥中起主要作用。
此外,在盆栽条件下测定了不同处理土壤的有效磷(P)、速效钾(K)和铵态氮(N)含量。结果表明,在未接种豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT的4个处理中,与CK相比,3个生物菌剂处理均显著增加土壤有效磷和速效钾含量,但对铵态氮含量的增加差异不显著。在接种豇豆枯萎病病原菌FOT的4个处理中,与病原菌处理(FOT)相比,3个生物菌剂处理均显著增加土壤有效磷含量,其中最高提升率为19%,但对速效钾和铵态氮含量的增加差异不显著(图4E)。总体而言,复合菌剂的促生和防病功能均显著提高,并且增加了土壤中的有效磷含量,且对土壤有效磷、速效钾和铵态氮的增加量高于单一菌剂处理。
综上所述,与单一菌剂相比,复合菌剂对豇豆生长和枯萎病的防治均具有明显的增强作用;但与单一菌剂的防病促生作用相比,解磷菌P与拮抗菌X5的协同促生和防病作用之间可能存在一种权衡策略,即在无病原菌侵染的条件下,解磷菌P对豇豆植株各项指标的提升作用高于拮抗菌X5;但在病原菌侵染条件下,拮抗菌X5对豇豆植株各项指标的提升作用高于解磷菌P。
据研究,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)因其分布广、繁殖快、次级代谢产物丰富等特点,在作物病害的绿色防控中具有广阔的应用前景[22-24]。本研究发现平板拮抗豇豆枯萎病病原菌的能力达到85%。目前非致病性蜡样芽孢杆菌(B. cereus)菌株表现出促进植物生长的性状,可在农业中用作生物肥料和生物防治剂[25-26],通过形成生物膜定殖植物根部[27],且可与其他细菌物种混合应用后形成混合生物膜[28],而形成生物膜的微生物对抗生素、化学品、热、紫外线辐射和其他环境胁迫的耐药性增加,对植物健康有益[29-30],如余旋等[31]研究发现解磷的蜡样芽孢杆菌可显著促进美国山核桃苗的生长发育,提高植株的净光合速率及全磷吸收量。本研究也发现盆栽豇豆苗施用蜡状芽孢杆菌菌剂后对豇豆的促生作用达到89%,且单施或与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌联用均能显著提高土壤有效磷含量。
在自然界中,99%的微生物以复合菌群的形式存在,这些复合菌群被广泛应用于环境修复、食品工业和人类健康等方面。目前菌根真菌、木霉、内生真菌以及其他植物根际促生细菌(plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria)之间的联合应用已取得较好进展[32-35]。已有研究表明,2种及2种以上细菌复配处理对病害防效和植株的促生作用优于单一细菌处理,如吕建林等[36]发现枯草芽孢杆菌和侧孢芽孢杆菌混合使用可有效防治烟草青枯病,且比单一菌株处理的防治效果好;DE BOER等[37]研究发现,将2种不同的假单胞菌菌株进行复配,单一菌株对萝卜枯萎病无显著防效,但复配菌剂有显著防效;徐媛媛等[38]利用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌混合菌液对感病南丰蜜桔进行灌根,苗木的黄龙病阳性率显著降低,提高了植株防御酶的表达,并促进植株产生更多的侧根。本研究发现解磷菌蜡样芽孢杆菌LMSY3PSB-2-2与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌X5以2∶1复配,实现了解磷能力的提升,增强了对豇豆枯萎病病原菌的拮抗能力,促进了豇豆种子的萌发,提升了植物根系活力,同时对豇豆枯萎病的防治效果高达96%。可见,该复合菌剂具有开发成为复合微生物菌肥的潜力。
接种具有多功能特性的相容微生物复合菌群更能促进微生物菌剂防病、促生作用的发挥。复合菌群中微生物之间通过占据不同生态位、代谢互养、促进生物膜形成、协同产生抗生素等互作机制实现协同增效作用[18]。本研究后续将采用转录组、代谢组等技术来探索这2株菌在共培养条件下的功能基因和次级代谢产物的变化,并研究该复合菌群与豇豆植株的互作机制。此外,由于本研究仅开展了室内试验,后续需开展小区与大田试验验证解磷菌与贝莱斯芽孢杆菌的防控效果及对作物的促生能力。
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022010; 1630042024002)
  • 中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202312)
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2025年第46卷第5期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.05.020
  • 接收时间:2024-12-16
  • 首发时间:2026-06-26
  • 出版时间:2025-05-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-16
  • 录用日期:2025-01-21
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630042022010; 1630042024002)
中国热带农业科学院国家热带农业科学中心科技创新团队项目(CATASCXTD202312)
作者信息
    1.长春理工大学生命科学技术学院,吉林长春 130022
    2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所/热带作物生物育种全国重点实验室/农业农村部热带作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/国家肥料微生物种质资源库(海南)/海南省热带农业微生物菌种资源库,海南海口 571101

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* 张淑华(ZHANG Shuhua),E-mail:;
杨腊英(YANG Laying),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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