Article(id=1276862468974571982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726934400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1730304000000, acceptedDateStr=2024-10-31, onlineDate=1782357335560, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782357335560, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782357335560, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782357335560, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276862113658303045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='515', pageEnd='775', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782357250847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782357480466, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276863076821496476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276863076825690781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=764, endPage=775, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276862469280756176, articleId=1276862468974571982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Characteristics of Soil-Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eucalyptus Plantations at Different Altitudes in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest., columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to investigate the soil-microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus characteristics of Eucalyptus plantations at different altitude gradients in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. Typical Eucalyptus plantation forests at different altitudes (500 m, 700 m and 900 m) in Wuzhishan were used as the study object, and natural secondary forests at the same altitude were used as the control. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content showed a gradual increase with elevation, and total phosphorus (TP) showed a gradual decrease. The range of variation was 13.16-13.58, 0.93-1.15, 0.17-0.19 g/kg, respectively, which was lower than the SOC and TN contents of natural secondary forests, and lower than the national average values of SOC, TN and TP contents of forests. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) showed a trend of gradual increase with elevation, and the microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content overall showed a decreasing trend with elevation, with the range of 237.46-398.26, 23.04-30.74, 4.77-9.59 mg/kg, respectively, and with the TP contents. TP showed highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01). The differences were not significant compared with those of natural secondary forests at the same elevation. MBC/MBN, MBC/MBP and MBN/MBP all tended to increase with elevation, with ratios ranging from 9.05-13.17, 24.73-80.99 and 2.76-6.60. At 500 m, the MBC/MBP and MBN/MBP of the Eucalyptus plantation were significantly different from those of the natural secondary forest.. The variation of microbial quotient carbon (qMBC), microbial quotient nitrogen (qMBN) and microbial quotient phosphorus (qMBP) at different elevations was 1.89%-3.34%,2.90%-3.23% and 1.33%-5.41%, respectively. qMBC showed a gradual increase in elevation, and qMBP declined with the elevation. qMBC and qMBP were higher than those of natural secondary forests. qMBC and qMBP were higher than those of natural secondary forests. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were the key factors affecting the changes. In conclusion, the elevation gradient has a significant impact on the content and stoichiometric ratio of soil-microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Eucalyptus plantations. Compared with natural secondary forests at the same elevation, the soil of Eucalyptus plantations exhibited a deficiency in carbon and phosphorus contents, but enhanced the conversion efficiency of soil carbon and phosphorus to microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus. Based on this, the Eucalyptus plantations in the park should be conserved, and attention should be paid to the influence of carbon and phosphorus elements in the subsequent management.

, authors=null, authorsList=Xuefeng ZHANG, Xuebiao YU, Huilin YU, Hai HUANG, Haihui CHEN, Jianlong ZHANG, Jiaxin CHEN, Jianxing WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jianxing WEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276862470530658778, articleId=1276862468974571982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔桉树人工林土壤-微生物碳氮磷特征, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为探究海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔梯度上桉树(Eucalyptus)人工林土壤-微生物碳氮磷特征,以五指山片区不同海拔(500、700、900 m)的典型桉树人工林为研究对象,以同海拔天然次生林作为对照。研究表明:(1)桉树人工林土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)含量随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,全磷(TP)含量随海拔升高呈逐渐下降的变化规律,变化范围分别为13.16~13.58、0.93~1.15、0.17~0.19 g/kg,SOC、TP含量低于天然次生林,并且SOC、TN、TP含量低于全国森林平均值。(2)桉树人工林土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)含量随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,而微生物量磷(MBP)含量随海拔升高呈下降趋势,变化范围分别为237.46~398.26、23.04~30.74、4.77~9.59 mg/kg,且与TP呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。与同海拔天然次生林均无显著差异。(3)桉树人工林土壤MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP均随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,比值变化范围分别为9.05~13.17、24.73~80.99、2.76~6.60。500 m处桉树人工林MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP与天然次生林有显著差异。(4)不同海拔桉树人工林土壤微生物熵碳(qMBC)、微生物熵氮(qMBN)、微生物熵磷(qMBP)的变幅为1.89%~3.34%、2.90%~3.23%、1.33%~5.41%。qMBC随海拔升高逐渐上升,而qMBP随海拔的升高逐渐下降。桉树人工林土壤qMBC、qMBP高于天然次生林。土壤有机碳和全氮是影响其变化的关键因子。综上所述,海拔梯度显著影响桉树人工林土壤-微生物碳、氮、磷含量及化学计量比。与同海拔的天然次生林相比,桉树人工林土壤均表现出碳、磷含量的匮乏,但提高了土壤碳、磷向微生物量碳、磷的转化效率。基于此,海南热带雨林国家公园的桉树人工林应采取保留处理,在后续的管理中应注重碳、磷元素养分的影响。

, authors=

张学丰(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:森林生态及森林培育学。

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* 韦建杏(WEI Jianxing),E-mail:
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张学丰(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:森林生态及森林培育学。

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张学丰(2000—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:森林生态及森林培育学。

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Soil C, N, P and microbial biomass properties of three dominant subalpine forests of western Sichuan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology, 2016, 22(4): 606-611. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Soil C, N, P and microbial biomass properties of three dominant subalpine forests of western Sichuan, China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276862497571336816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=9, pageStart=2721, pageEnd=2733, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=68, authorNames=陈海辉, 黄海, 田乐宇, 韦建杏, 余雪标, 王旭, journalName=南方农业学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈海辉, 黄海, 田乐宇, 韦建杏, 余雪标, 王旭. 自然恢复下马占相思人工林植被群落特征变化[J]. 南方农业学报, 2024, 55(9): 2721-2733., articleTitle=自然恢复下马占相思人工林植被群落特征变化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276862497646834289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=9, pageStart=2721, pageEnd=2733, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=69, authorNames=CHEN H H, HUANG H, TIAN L Y, WEI J X, YU X B, WANG X, journalName=Journal of Southern Agriculture, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN H H, HUANG H, TIAN L Y, WEI J X, YU X B, WANG X. Changes of vegetation community characteristics of Acacia mangium plantation under natural restoration[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 2024, 55(9): 2721-2733. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Changes of vegetation community characteristics of Acacia mangium plantation under natural restoration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276862497831383666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=448, issue=1, pageStart=183, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=70, authorNames=ZHONG Z K, ZHANG X Y, WANG X, FU S Y, WU S J, LU X Q, REN C J, HAN X H, YANG G H, journalName=Plant and Soil, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHONG Z K, ZHANG X Y, WANG X, FU S Y, WU S J, LU X Q, REN C J, HAN X H, YANG G H. Soil bacteria and fungi respond differently to plant diversity and plant family composition during the secondary succession of abandoned farmland on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Plant and Soil, 2020, 448(1): 183-200., articleTitle=Soil bacteria and fungi respond differently to plant diversity and plant family composition during the secondary succession of abandoned farmland on the Loess Plateau, China, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276862486942970409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, awardId=ZDYF2023SHFZ174, language=CN, fundingSource=海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ174), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276862470811677148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276862470824260061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, companyId=1276862470811677148, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276862470979449310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, companyId=1276862470811677148, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276862471042363871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276862471050752480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, companyId=1276862471042363871, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Mangrove Research Institute), Haikou, Hainan 571100, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276862471059141089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, companyId=1276862471042363871, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院),海南海口 571100)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276862483184874003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Characterization of soil microbial biomass characteristics at different elevations, figureFileSmall=Rtd6Ko7Bx5sOgBRvhrEoYw==, figureFileBig=/OLctVg0LIyX9K5k6Ok0lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862483256177172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同海拔土壤微生物量特征

不同大写字母表示相同森林类型不同海拔间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示相同海拔不同森林类型间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=Rtd6Ko7Bx5sOgBRvhrEoYw==, figureFileBig=/OLctVg0LIyX9K5k6Ok0lg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862483679801877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Characterization of soil microbial biomass stoichiometry at different elevations, figureFileSmall=WljVRNWdgVoCErjEoGP26w==, figureFileBig=POB7Qjz+6sHPPrvXpt7NZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862483755299350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同海拔土壤微生物量化学计量特征

不同大写字母表示相同森林类型不同海拔间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示相同海拔不同森林类型间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=WljVRNWdgVoCErjEoGP26w==, figureFileBig=POB7Qjz+6sHPPrvXpt7NZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862483814019607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Characteristics of soil microbial quotient at different elevations, figureFileSmall=GIC/GzxHRQuE6Y4ofDOu3g==, figureFileBig=/k25MzxLeKNPrB6tG7g7Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862484002763288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同海拔土壤微生物熵特征

不同大写字母表示相同森林类型不同海拔间差异显著(P<0.05);不同小写字母表示相同海拔不同森林类型间差异显著(P<0.05)。

, figureFileSmall=GIC/GzxHRQuE6Y4ofDOu3g==, figureFileBig=/k25MzxLeKNPrB6tG7g7Pg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862484078260761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Redundancy analysis of soil physicochemical properties and microbial quotient at different elevations, figureFileSmall=Akg/zQftm90qs32NJq25vg==, figureFileBig=D3qv2tDxiljROuGOcjqvqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862484145369626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同海拔土壤理化性质与微生物熵的冗余分析

白色箭头表示解释变量;黑色箭头表示响应变量;箭头长短为影响程度;箭头间夹角为相关程度。

, figureFileSmall=Akg/zQftm90qs32NJq25vg==, figureFileBig=D3qv2tDxiljROuGOcjqvqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862484212478491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Basic information on sample plots

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
森林类型Forest type海拔Altitude/m平均气温Average temperature/℃平均降雨量Average rainfall/mm地理位置Geographic location
桉树人工林50023.42400109°21′58″E, 18°45′44″N
天然次生林109°21′47″E, 18°45′44″N
桉树人工林70022.82470109°31′56″E, 18°48′57″N
天然次生林109°31′39″E, 18°49′14″N
桉树人工林90020.52530109°35′23″E, 18°48′46″N
天然次生林109°35′11″E, 18°48′31″N
), ArticleFig(id=1276862484296364572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

样地基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
森林类型Forest type海拔Altitude/m平均气温Average temperature/℃平均降雨量Average rainfall/mm地理位置Geographic location
桉树人工林50023.42400109°21′58″E, 18°45′44″N
天然次生林109°21′47″E, 18°45′44″N
桉树人工林70022.82470109°31′56″E, 18°48′57″N
天然次生林109°31′39″E, 18°49′14″N
桉树人工林90020.52530109°35′23″E, 18°48′46″N
天然次生林109°35′11″E, 18°48′31″N
), ArticleFig(id=1276862484359279133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Physical and chemical properties of sample soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index海拔Altitude/m桉树人工林Eucalyptus plantation天然次生林Natural secondary forest
土壤容重/(g·cm-3)5001.45±0.09Aa1.11±0.1Ab
7001.36±0.08Aa1.35±0.17Aa
9001.42±0.12Aa1.25±0.03Ab
土壤含水率/%50023.57±8.32Aa32.58±2.13Aa
70029.52±1.27Aa39.57±13.50Ab
90029.45±4.89Aa32.75±2.14Ab
土壤总孔隙度/%50032.14±9.26Aa48.07±11.34Ab
70039.45±1.68Aa47.22±11.71Aa
90044.24±2.36Aa47.52±2.78Aa
pH5004.33±0.06Aa4.90±0.07ABb
7004.30±0.02Aa4.48±0.48Ab
9004.18±0.08Ba4.41±0.13Bb
土壤有机碳/(g·kg-1)50013.16±3.95Aa28.51±1.26Ab
70013.43±1.88Aa25.41±7.37Ab
90013.58±4.16Aa22.92±2.97Bb
全氮/(g·kg-1)5000.93±0.23Aa0.89±0.14Aa
7000.96±0.06Aa0.87±0.09Aa
9001.15±0.26Aa1.19±0.06Ba
全磷/(g·kg-1)5000.19±0.04Aa0.28±0.04Ab
7000.18±0.02Aa0.26±0.03Ab
9000.17±0.05Aa0.24±0.02Ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276862484430582302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

样地土壤理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index海拔Altitude/m桉树人工林Eucalyptus plantation天然次生林Natural secondary forest
土壤容重/(g·cm-3)5001.45±0.09Aa1.11±0.1Ab
7001.36±0.08Aa1.35±0.17Aa
9001.42±0.12Aa1.25±0.03Ab
土壤含水率/%50023.57±8.32Aa32.58±2.13Aa
70029.52±1.27Aa39.57±13.50Ab
90029.45±4.89Aa32.75±2.14Ab
土壤总孔隙度/%50032.14±9.26Aa48.07±11.34Ab
70039.45±1.68Aa47.22±11.71Aa
90044.24±2.36Aa47.52±2.78Aa
pH5004.33±0.06Aa4.90±0.07ABb
7004.30±0.02Aa4.48±0.48Ab
9004.18±0.08Ba4.41±0.13Bb
土壤有机碳/(g·kg-1)50013.16±3.95Aa28.51±1.26Ab
70013.43±1.88Aa25.41±7.37Ab
90013.58±4.16Aa22.92±2.97Bb
全氮/(g·kg-1)5000.93±0.23Aa0.89±0.14Aa
7000.96±0.06Aa0.87±0.09Aa
9001.15±0.26Aa1.19±0.06Ba
全磷/(g·kg-1)5000.19±0.04Aa0.28±0.04Ab
7000.18±0.02Aa0.26±0.03Ab
9000.17±0.05Aa0.24±0.02Ab
), ArticleFig(id=1276862484506079775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Two-way ANOVA for soil MBC, MBN and MBP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexF (P)
海拔Altitude森林类型Forest type海拔×森林类型Altitude×Forest type
MBC36.08 (0.00)**2.54 (0.92)0.76 (0.49)
MBN4.81 (0.03)*3.25 (0.99)1.01 (0.40)
MBP24.10 (0.00)**10.06 (0.17)31.11 (0.00)**
), ArticleFig(id=1276862484589965856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

土壤MBC、MBN、MBP的双因素方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexF (P)
海拔Altitude森林类型Forest type海拔×森林类型Altitude×Forest type
MBC36.08 (0.00)**2.54 (0.92)0.76 (0.49)
MBN4.81 (0.03)*3.25 (0.99)1.01 (0.40)
MBP24.10 (0.00)**10.06 (0.17)31.11 (0.00)**
), ArticleFig(id=1276862484652880417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Two-way ANOVA for stoichiometric characterization of soil microbial biomass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexF (P)
海拔Altitude森林类型Forest type海拔×森林类型Altitude×Forest type
MBC/MBN15.44 (0.00)**12.17 (0.89)4.95 (0.03)*
MBC/MBP49.41 (0.00)**5.27 (0.83)3.60 (0.06)
MBN/MBP26.41 (0.00)**1.28 (0.96)3.93 (0.05)*
), ArticleFig(id=1276862486305436194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

土壤微生物量化学计量特征的双因素方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexF (P)
海拔Altitude森林类型Forest type海拔×森林类型Altitude×Forest type
MBC/MBN15.44 (0.00)**12.17 (0.89)4.95 (0.03)*
MBC/MBP49.41 (0.00)**5.27 (0.83)3.60 (0.06)
MBN/MBP26.41 (0.00)**1.28 (0.96)3.93 (0.05)*
), ArticleFig(id=1276862486380933667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Two-way ANOVA for soil microbial quotient

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexF (P)
海拔Altitude森林类型Forest type海拔×森林类型Altitude×Forest type
qMBC7.99 (0.01)**4.73 (0.05)*0.40 (0.68)
qMBN1.10 (0.37)2.56 (0.94)2.50 (0.98)
qMBP18.88 (0.00)**11.03 (0.01)**16.17 (0.00)**
), ArticleFig(id=1276862486452236836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

土壤微生物熵的双因素方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标IndexF (P)
海拔Altitude森林类型Forest type海拔×森林类型Altitude×Forest type
qMBC7.99 (0.01)**4.73 (0.05)*0.40 (0.68)
qMBN1.10 (0.37)2.56 (0.94)2.50 (0.98)
qMBP18.88 (0.00)**11.03 (0.01)**16.17 (0.00)**
), ArticleFig(id=1276862486519345701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Correlation between soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and soil microbiota and stoichiometry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index海拔AltitudeSOCTNTPMBCMBNMBPMBC/MBNMBC/MBP
SOC0.05
TN0.410.89**
TP0.76*0.220.57
MBC0.90**0.68*0.290.68*
MBN0.70*0.160.88**0.280.69*
MBP-0.84**-0.05-0.270.65*-0.80**-0.48
MBC/MBN0.93**0.240.300.72*0.83**0.18-0.73*
MBC/MBP0.89**0.00430.250.510.92**0.59-0.96**0.80**
MBN/MBP0.74*0.0120.180.290.81**0.68*-0.95**0.580.95**
), ArticleFig(id=1276862486611620390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

土壤碳氮磷与土壤微生物量及化学计量的相关性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index海拔AltitudeSOCTNTPMBCMBNMBPMBC/MBNMBC/MBP
SOC0.05
TN0.410.89**
TP0.76*0.220.57
MBC0.90**0.68*0.290.68*
MBN0.70*0.160.88**0.280.69*
MBP-0.84**-0.05-0.270.65*-0.80**-0.48
MBC/MBN0.93**0.240.300.72*0.83**0.18-0.73*
MBC/MBP0.89**0.00430.250.510.92**0.59-0.96**0.80**
MBN/MBP0.74*0.0120.180.290.81**0.68*-0.95**0.580.95**
), ArticleFig(id=1276862486691312167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=EN, label=Tab. 7, caption=

Ranking of Monte Carlo tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index解释度Explain/%贡献度Contribution/%FP排序Ranking
TN40.941.14.90.0061
SOC34.935.08.70.0082
SWC12.212.35.10.0563
TP6.16.14.10.4904
BD2.12.10.80.3205
STP1.81.80.70.6006
pH1.61.6<0.10.0087
), ArticleFig(id=1276862486766809640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862468974571982, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

蒙特卡洛检验排序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index解释度Explain/%贡献度Contribution/%FP排序Ranking
TN40.941.14.90.0061
SOC34.935.08.70.0082
SWC12.212.35.10.0563
TP6.16.14.10.4904
BD2.12.10.80.3205
STP1.81.80.70.6006
pH1.61.6<0.10.0087
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海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔桉树人工林土壤-微生物碳氮磷特征
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张学丰 1 , 余雪标 1 , 余慧霖 1 , 黄海 2 , 陈海辉 2 , 张建龙 1 , 陈佳欣 1 , 韦建杏 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(3): 764-775
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (3) : 764 -775
海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔桉树人工林土壤-微生物碳氮磷特征
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张学丰1, 余雪标1, 余慧霖1, 黄海2, 陈海辉2, 张建龙1, 陈佳欣1, 韦建杏2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
  • 2.海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院),海南海口 571100
通讯作者:
* 韦建杏(WEI Jianxing),E-mail:
Characteristics of Soil-Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eucalyptus Plantations at Different Altitudes in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest.
Xuefeng ZHANG1, Xuebiao YU1, Huilin YU1, Hai HUANG2, Haihui CHEN2, Jianlong ZHANG1, Jiaxin CHEN1, Jianxing WEI2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Mangrove Research Institute), Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.024
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为探究海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔梯度上桉树(Eucalyptus)人工林土壤-微生物碳氮磷特征,以五指山片区不同海拔(500、700、900 m)的典型桉树人工林为研究对象,以同海拔天然次生林作为对照。研究表明:(1)桉树人工林土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)含量随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,全磷(TP)含量随海拔升高呈逐渐下降的变化规律,变化范围分别为13.16~13.58、0.93~1.15、0.17~0.19 g/kg,SOC、TP含量低于天然次生林,并且SOC、TN、TP含量低于全国森林平均值。(2)桉树人工林土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)含量随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,而微生物量磷(MBP)含量随海拔升高呈下降趋势,变化范围分别为237.46~398.26、23.04~30.74、4.77~9.59 mg/kg,且与TP呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。与同海拔天然次生林均无显著差异。(3)桉树人工林土壤MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP均随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,比值变化范围分别为9.05~13.17、24.73~80.99、2.76~6.60。500 m处桉树人工林MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP与天然次生林有显著差异。(4)不同海拔桉树人工林土壤微生物熵碳(qMBC)、微生物熵氮(qMBN)、微生物熵磷(qMBP)的变幅为1.89%~3.34%、2.90%~3.23%、1.33%~5.41%。qMBC随海拔升高逐渐上升,而qMBP随海拔的升高逐渐下降。桉树人工林土壤qMBC、qMBP高于天然次生林。土壤有机碳和全氮是影响其变化的关键因子。综上所述,海拔梯度显著影响桉树人工林土壤-微生物碳、氮、磷含量及化学计量比。与同海拔的天然次生林相比,桉树人工林土壤均表现出碳、磷含量的匮乏,但提高了土壤碳、磷向微生物量碳、磷的转化效率。基于此,海南热带雨林国家公园的桉树人工林应采取保留处理,在后续的管理中应注重碳、磷元素养分的影响。

海拔  /  碳氮磷  /  桉树人工林  /  微生物熵

The study was aimed to investigate the soil-microbial carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus characteristics of Eucalyptus plantations at different altitude gradients in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. Typical Eucalyptus plantation forests at different altitudes (500 m, 700 m and 900 m) in Wuzhishan were used as the study object, and natural secondary forests at the same altitude were used as the control. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content showed a gradual increase with elevation, and total phosphorus (TP) showed a gradual decrease. The range of variation was 13.16-13.58, 0.93-1.15, 0.17-0.19 g/kg, respectively, which was lower than the SOC and TN contents of natural secondary forests, and lower than the national average values of SOC, TN and TP contents of forests. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) showed a trend of gradual increase with elevation, and the microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) content overall showed a decreasing trend with elevation, with the range of 237.46-398.26, 23.04-30.74, 4.77-9.59 mg/kg, respectively, and with the TP contents. TP showed highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01). The differences were not significant compared with those of natural secondary forests at the same elevation. MBC/MBN, MBC/MBP and MBN/MBP all tended to increase with elevation, with ratios ranging from 9.05-13.17, 24.73-80.99 and 2.76-6.60. At 500 m, the MBC/MBP and MBN/MBP of the Eucalyptus plantation were significantly different from those of the natural secondary forest.. The variation of microbial quotient carbon (qMBC), microbial quotient nitrogen (qMBN) and microbial quotient phosphorus (qMBP) at different elevations was 1.89%-3.34%,2.90%-3.23% and 1.33%-5.41%, respectively. qMBC showed a gradual increase in elevation, and qMBP declined with the elevation. qMBC and qMBP were higher than those of natural secondary forests. qMBC and qMBP were higher than those of natural secondary forests. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were the key factors affecting the changes. In conclusion, the elevation gradient has a significant impact on the content and stoichiometric ratio of soil-microbial carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in Eucalyptus plantations. Compared with natural secondary forests at the same elevation, the soil of Eucalyptus plantations exhibited a deficiency in carbon and phosphorus contents, but enhanced the conversion efficiency of soil carbon and phosphorus to microbial biomass carbon and phosphorus. Based on this, the Eucalyptus plantations in the park should be conserved, and attention should be paid to the influence of carbon and phosphorus elements in the subsequent management.

altitudes  /  carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus  /  Eucalyptus plantations  /  microbial quotient
张学丰, 余雪标, 余慧霖, 黄海, 陈海辉, 张建龙, 陈佳欣, 韦建杏. 海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔桉树人工林土壤-微生物碳氮磷特征. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 764 -775 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.024
Xuefeng ZHANG, Xuebiao YU, Huilin YU, Hai HUANG, Haihui CHEN, Jianlong ZHANG, Jiaxin CHEN, Jianxing WEI. Characteristics of Soil-Microbial Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eucalyptus Plantations at Different Altitudes in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest.[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (3) : 764 -775 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.024
土壤是森林生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分,是林木生长的载体[1]。而土壤微生物作为土壤环境中的分解者,在维持土壤养分循环过程中起到关键作用。生态化学计量学的引入,将土壤-微生物的碳氮磷元素紧密联系在一起[2],其中海拔梯度是驱使其变化的重要因素。随着海拔梯度增加,土壤与微生物均表现出明显的空间异质性特征[3-4]。研究发现热带地区的土壤有机碳、总氮和总磷及其生态化学计量比均随海拔升高而增加[5]。微生物量的变化可反映土壤能量转化和养分循环的微生物数量,并且在检测土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷变化前,表现出更显著的差异。微生物熵(microbial biomass quotient)反映了微生物对土壤的利用效率,这一指标多用于预测土壤养分库的细微变化、监测土壤退化程度以及评估恢复效果。在生态系统中,受海拔梯度、森林类型、土壤类型差异的影响,土壤与微生物指标的变化规律亦不同[6]。因此,针对研究区典型的桉树人工林,探索土壤-微生物间的化学计量关系,对阐明桉树人工林土壤养分特征以及揭示土壤与微生物的养分平衡机制具有重要意义。
桉树具有速生、高产、可再生、用途广泛等特点[7]。1917年引入海南并广泛种植[8]。而近年来在桉树人工林经营过程中由于缺乏科学管理和规划,大量的桉树人工林存在撂荒的现象[9]。其中在海南热带雨林国家公园内仍保存有14 448.73 hm2的桉树人工林,约占该公园面积的3.53%[10]。总体分布于海拔500~900 m处,且位于生态区域比较重要的核心保护区或重要物种的连接地带,对热带雨林的分布及野生动物的栖息和扩散有较大的影响。此外,大面积桉树纯林的森林群落结构相对简单,对土壤养分的需求单一。若不采取人工干预使林分乔木层长期保持纯林状态,林下植被、土壤及微生物将受到严重的影响,森林生态系统抗性将持续下降。因此,通过探究桉树人工林土壤-微生物养分特征,为今后通过人工干预,提高国家公园森林群落多样性和生态系统稳定性,恢复热带雨林原真性提供科学参考依据。
目前,对海南岛桉树人工林的研究区域主要分布在海南热带雨林国家公园以外的区域,对公园内的桉树人工林鲜有研究,且集中于林下植被多样性及无性系研究方面[11-12]。对桉树人工林土壤生态化学计量的研究虽有报道,但集中于林龄、器官方面,尚无土壤-微生物随海拔梯度变化的研究[13-14]。本文以海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔桉树人工林为研究对象,以同海拔天然次生林为对照,对土壤及土壤微生物取样测定,以揭示土壤-微生物碳、氮、磷含量与生态化学计量特征的海拔特征,并探究土壤碳氮磷与土壤微生物量之间的关系。为后续海南热带雨林国家公园桉树人工林的经营和管理提供科学依据,并为人工林生态系统化学计量学研究提供理论基础。
研究区位于海南省海南热带雨林国家公园五指山片区(109°23′47″~109°49′31″E, 18°42′35″~18°59′42″N)。海拔250~1867 m,属热带雨林气候[15]。年平均气温22.4 ℃,年活动积温8166.2~8411.5 ℃,年平均相对湿度为84%,旱季为11月至翌年4月,雨季为5月至10月,平均年降水量1860 mm,总体随海拔升高而增加。土壤类型多样,土壤主要类型为山地黄壤和山地赤红壤,另有少量山地灌丛草甸土。
海拔500 m处的桉树人工林下主要优势物种为木姜子(Litsea pungens)、亮叶猴耳环(Archidendron lucidum)、藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides),次生林为三桠苦(Melicope pteleifolia)、亮叶猴耳环(Archidendron lucidum)、九节(Psychotria asiatica);海拔700 m处的桉树人工林下主要优势物种为印度野牡丹(Elastoma malabathricum)、地毯草(Axonopus compressus)、飞机草(Chromolaena odorata),次生林为山石榴(Catunaregam spinosa)、三桠苦(Melicope pteleifolia)、越南山矾(Symplocos cochinchinensis);海拔900 m处的桉树人工林下主要优势物种为绞股蓝(Gynostemma pentaphyllum)、飞机草、竹节草(Chrysopogon aciculatus),次生林为深绿卷柏(Selaginella doederleinii)、箬竹(Indocalamus tessellatus)、海南草珊瑚(Sarcandra glabra)。样地基本信息见表1
选取海南热带雨林国家公园中部的五指山片区不同海拔的典型桉树人工林及同海拔天然次生林作为样地,按照立地条件一致原则,所选桉树人工林样地均已撂荒,无人工干预且初植密度基本一致。于2024年4月中旬进行土壤样品采集,在海拔500~900 m区间内设3个海拔梯度(500、700、900 m),每个海拔梯度设置3个20 m×20 m的桉树人工林样方(每个样方相隔20 m以上),并在周边设置3个天然次生林样方,共计18个样方。采样方法如下:(1)采用环刀法与随机取样法进行取样,在土坑深度0~20 cm处使用100 cm3环刀取土并用自封袋取约500 g土样,用于测定土壤理化性质。(2)采用五点取样法,使用无菌自封袋对样方内深度0~20 cm土壤进行取样,约100 g。将每个采样点的土壤混合后分装3份,用于检测土壤微生物量。
(1)土壤物理性质。采用(105±2)℃烘干法测定土壤含水率(SEC)、土壤容重(BD)、土壤总孔隙度(STP)[16]
(2)土壤化学性质。按照水∶土=2.5∶1充分搅拌,采用玻璃电极法测定土壤pH;采用高温外热K2Cr2O7氧化-容量法测定土壤有机碳(SOC);采用开氏-蒸馏滴定法测定土壤全氮(TN);采用HClO4-H2SO4消煮-钼锑抗比色法测定土壤全磷(TP)[17]
(3)土壤微生物量。采用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4浸提法测定微生物量碳(MBC)、微生物量氮(MBN)[18];采用氯仿熏蒸-NaHCO3浸提法测定微生物量磷(MBP)[19]
使用SPSS 26.0统计软件进行单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)检验土壤微生物指标的差异,并使用双因素方差分析法(Two-way ANOVA)分析不同海拔梯度与不同森林类型及其交互作用对土壤微生物量的影响。采用皮尔逊相关系数法(Pearson correlation analysis)分析土壤微生物量碳、氮、磷各指标间的相关性;以土壤理化性质为解释变量,土壤微生物熵为响应变量进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis);使用Origin 2021与Canoco Sofeware 5.0软件绘制图表。
表2可知,不同海拔桉树人工林的土壤容重、含水率、总孔隙度均无显著差异,变化范围分别为1.36~1.45 g/cm3、23.57%~29.52%、32.14%~44.24%。同一海拔桉树人工林土壤容重均高于天然次生林,且在500 m与900 m海拔处存在显著差异(P<0.05)。天然次生林的土壤含水率与土壤总孔隙度均高于桉树人工林,土壤含水率在700 m与900 m海拔处存在显著差异,土壤总孔隙度在500 m处存在显著差异。说明海拔对桉树人工林土壤物理性质的影响较小,而与研究区天然次生林相比,桉树人工林的生长对土壤容重、含水量、总空隙度均产生显著影响。
桉树人工林土壤pH随海拔升高呈逐渐下降的趋势,900 m海拔处与其他海拔存在显著差异,且同一海拔天然次生林土壤pH均高于桉树人工林并存在显著差异。说明随海拔上升桉树人工林土壤酸度升高,且桉树生长会使土壤pH降低。桉树人工林土壤有机碳、全氮含量随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,其中有机碳含量的范围为13.16~13.58 g/kg,桉树人工林土壤有机碳含量均低于同一海拔天然次生林并存在显著差异;桉树人工林土壤全氮含量范围为0.93~1.15 g/kg,与同一海拔天然次生林无显著差异。桉树人工林土壤全磷含量随海拔升高呈逐渐下降的趋势,含量范围为0.17~0.19 g/kg,均低于同一海拔天然次生林并存在显著差异(表2)。研究表明,海拔差异仅对桉树人工林土壤pH产生显著影响。与研究区天然次生林相比,桉树人工林的生长对土壤有机碳、全磷的需求较高,导致土壤养分显著降低。
不同海拔桉树人工林土壤微生物量见图1。桉树人工林MBC含量随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,含量变化范围为237.46~398.26 mg/kg,均值为322.24 mg/kg,在海拔500 m处的MBC含量显著低于其他海拔,而与同一海拔的天然次生林均无显著差异;桉树人工林MBN含量整体上随着海拔上升而增加,变化范围为23.04~30.74 mg/kg,均值为28.01 mg/kg,在3个海拔区间内MBN含量均无显著差异,且与同海拔的天然次生林也无显著差异;桉树人工林MBP含量整体随海拔的上升呈下降趋势,变化范围为4.77~9.59 mg/kg,均值为6.42 mg/kg,海拔500 m处的MBP含量显著高于其他海拔,而与同一海拔的天然次生林均无显著差异。
通过双因素方差分析可知(表3),海拔对MBC、MBN含量的影响分别达到极显著(P<0.01)和显著水平(P<0.05),而森林类型及海拔与森林类型的交互作用对MBC、MBN含量均无显著影响。MBP含量受海拔及海拔与森林类型的交互作用的影响均达极显著水平(P<0.01)。总体而言,桉树的生长对土壤微生物量的影响较小,而土壤微生物量受海拔的影响显著。
土壤微生物量化学计量特征见图2,桉树人工林MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP均呈随海拔的上升而上升的趋势,比值变化范围分别为9.05~13.17、24.73~80.99、2.76~6.60,均值分别为13.37、66.18、4.93;桉树人工林MBC/MBN在500、700、900 m海拔间均存在显著差异,而与同海拔天然次生林差异不显著;桉树人工林MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP在500 m海拔处与其他海拔存在显著差异,且与同一海拔天然次生林差异达到显著水平。
通过双因素方差分析可知(表4),MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP受海拔梯度的影响均达极显著水平(P<0.01),对森林类型的响应均未达显著水平。海拔梯度与森林类型交互作用对MBC/MBN、MBN/MBP的影响显著(P<0.05),而对MBC/MBP无显著影响。
不同海拔土壤微生物熵特征见图3,桉树人工林微生物熵碳(qMBC)随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的变化规律,变幅为1.89%~3.34%,平均值为2.58%,各海拔间无显著差异,500 m与700 m海拔处qMBC显著高于同一海拔天然次生林;桉树人工林微生物熵氮(qMBN)变幅为2.90%~3.23%,总体变化平缓,且与同海拔天然次生林差异不显著;桉树人工林微生物熵磷(qMBP)随海拔的升高而下降,变幅为1.33%~5.41%,平均值为3.19%,各海拔间均存在显著差异,500 m与900 m海拔处qMBC与天然次生林存在显著差异。
通过双因素方差分析可知(表5),海拔梯度与森林类型对qMBC的影响分别呈极显著(P<0.01)与显著水平(P<0.05),其交互作用无显著影响。海拔梯度、森林类型及海拔梯度与森林类型交互作用对qMBN无显著影响。qMBP对海拔梯度、森林类型及海拔梯度与森林类型交互作用的响应均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。
为探究桉树人工林土壤碳氮磷与土壤微生物碳氮磷及化学计量的影响因素,对不同海拔的土壤碳氮磷与土壤微生物量及化学计量特征参数进行相关性分析。由表6可知,海拔与TP含量、MBN含量、MBN/MBP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与MBC含量、MBC/MNN、MBC/MBP呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与MBP含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.05);土壤SOC含量与MBC、TN含量分别呈显著与极显著正相关;土壤TN含量与MBN含量呈极显著正相关;土壤TP含量与MBC、MBP含量、MBC/MNN呈显著正相关;此外,MBC与MBN含量呈显著正相关,与MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP呈极显著正相关,与MBP含量呈极显著负相关;MBN含量与MBN/MBP呈显著正相关;MBP含量与MBC/MBN呈显著负相关,与MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP呈极显著负相关;MBC/MBN与MBC/MBP呈极显著正相关;MBC/MBP与MBN/MBP呈极显著正相关。综上表明土壤碳氮磷显著影响土壤微生物量碳氮磷且呈正相关,与前文研究结果一致。
为探究不同海拔桉树人工林土壤微生物熵的影响因素,选取土壤因子中的3个物理性质指标和4个化学性质指标作为解释变量,以土壤微生物熵作为响应变量进行冗余分析。由图4可知,第一、二轴分别解释微生物熵的74.91%、23.50%,累计贡献率为98.41%。表明土壤理化性质对微生物熵的影响较大,并具有密切的相关性,其中,qMBC与土壤物理性质均呈正相关,与土壤化学性质中的pH、TP呈正相关,与SOC、TN呈负相关;qMBN与土壤物理性质中的BD、STP呈正相关,与SWC呈负相关,与化学性质中的pH呈正相关,与其他化学性质均呈负相关;qMBP与土壤物理性质中的BD呈正相关,与SWC、STP呈负相关,与化学性质中的pH呈正相关,与其他化学性质均呈负相关。由图4可知,土壤物理性质的各项指标箭头长度整体上均小于土壤化学性质的指标,表明土壤化学性质是影响桉树人工林土壤微生物熵的主要因素。
通过蒙特卡洛置换方法进一步进行显著性检验并排序。由表7可知,土壤理化性质解释度由大到小排序为TN、SOC、SWC、TP、BD、STP、pH。其中土壤TN与SOC的解释度分别为40.9%和34.9%,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。结果表明,SOC、TN是影响桉树人工林土壤微生物熵变化的关键因子。
本研究结果显示,在海拔500~900 m范围内,桉树人工林土壤的物理性质均无显著差异。通过对比相同海拔的天然次生林,桉树人工林的种植对土壤物理性质的影响较为显著。总体表现为土壤容重增大,总孔隙度与含水率下降的现象。这与魏圣钊等[20]对巨桉土壤物理性质的研究结果一致。土壤容重和孔隙度的变化可能是由于桉树间伐、采伐后的林地清理和炼山活动的影响。这些作业几乎完全清除了原有植被,重型机械设备和木材对土壤的反复碾压,使土壤逐渐变得紧实,而随着桉树人工林连栽代数的增加,也导致土壤通气与容蓄能力的下降[21]。研究表明,桉树的根系具有二态性,在土壤表层0~60 cm范围内分布着大量的侧根,对水分的需求巨大。在旱季,桉树的侧根首先使用土壤表层的水分,深层的土壤水分则由主根进行吸取[22]。另一方面,与天然次生林茂密的林下植被相比,桉树人工林较为裸露的地表环境致使土壤蒸腾耗水量增加。因此出现了桉树人工林土壤含水率下降的现象。
桉树人工林土壤随海拔升高有逐渐酸化的趋势,这与张珊等[23]对亚高山不同海拔表层土壤pH的变化规律一致。本研究区所属山地湿润区,土壤自身呈一定弱酸性,而在桉树连栽过程中,由于酸性肥料的残留及桉树根系分泌物的累积导致土壤酸化趋势加剧。土壤有机碳与土壤全氮含量均随海拔的升高而呈增加的趋势。土壤有机碳含量源于受森林凋落物的矿化分解和转化积累,而土壤全氮含量主要受到地表径流、动植物残体归还以及氮素内部的固氮、硝化、反硝化作用的影响,土壤微生物的活性在这一系列过程中起到关键作用。因此,随着海拔上升和气温下降,地表植被减少,矿化速率和土壤微生物活性降低,使土壤有机碳和全氮含量增加。这与张巧明等[24]、张健等[25]、罗钰颖等[26]的研究结果一致。土壤全磷含量在500~900 m海拔梯度内无明显差异,土壤全磷主要来自岩石风化且迁移率低,属于沉积性元素,海拔对土壤全磷的影响较小,这与刘爱琴等[27]和魏孝荣等[28]的研究结果一致。TIAN等[29]研究得出,桉树人工林土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量平均值分别为13.39、1.01、0.18 g/kg,均远低于全国土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量平均值20.47、1.34、0.25 g/kg,表现出碳、氮、磷元素的匮乏;与天然次生林(25.61、0.98、0.26 g/kg相比),桉树人工林地则表现为对土壤碳、磷的匮乏。
本研究发现,桉树人工林土壤微生物碳、氮含量随海拔的升高呈上升的趋势,其中MBC与海拔呈极显著正相关,而土壤MBP随海拔的上升而下降,与海拔呈极显著负相关。这与前人得出的结论有差异,何容等[30]对武夷山植被的研究表明,随着海拔的升高,林下草本植物的增加使土壤微生物量逐渐上升。另一方面,赵盼盼等[31]认为由于低海拔的温度较高,有效促进了微生物的生长及活性,从而加速其对无机养分的利用,因此土壤MBC、MBN和MBP均随海拔升高而显著降低。土壤微生物量是生态系统中最具活性的组成成分,有学者认为,除了对海拔梯度变化的反应,森林类型也可能是影响其变化的重要因素[32-33]。然而通过桉树人工林与天然次生林土壤微生物量的差异分析表明,相同海拔2种森林类型土壤微生物量均无显著差异。表明海拔是影响土壤微生物量的主要因素。
在土壤微生物量化学计量特征方面,MBC/MBN、MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP均随海拔的升高而呈上升的趋势,其中MBC/MBN对海拔变化的反应最为灵敏,在500~900 m海拔区间内均呈显著差异。研究表明,MBC/MBN可以反映土壤微生物群落的主要组成成分,其中其值为5/1时以细菌为主,6/1时以放线菌为主,10/1时以真菌为主[34]。真菌数量的上升,土壤腐殖化能力提高,进而提升了土壤的固碳能力[35]。MBC/MBP、MBN/MBP在海拔500 m处为最小值,且仅与相同海拔天然次生林存在显著差异,表明海拔升高,温度降低导致森林类型对MBN、MBP的影响减弱。同时反映了在海拔500 m处桉树人工林微生物矿化和转化过程中释放C、N的潜力较高,且林下植被对C、N的需求最大,P的需求相对较小。多数研究认为微生物具有一定的内稳定性,当外部环境中的土壤C、N、P含量发生改变时,微生物的生态化学计量特征依然保持相对一致[36-37]。而有部分学者认为微生物对土壤养分状况具有较强的依赖性[38]。本研究倾向于后者,随着海拔的升高,土壤微生物量的变化与土壤C、N、P的变化趋于一致。但与天然次生林更为丰富的土壤C、N、P含量相比,桉树人工林微生物量无显著差异。表明土壤微生物量C、N、P累积需要一定的土壤C、N、P供应才能维持稳定的化学计量比。
本研究表明,桉树人工林土壤微生物熵随海拔升高其变化规律有差异,其中qMBC随海拔升高逐渐上升,说明高海拔土壤碳库相对活跃,土壤碳向微生物碳转化的效率较高。不同海拔qMBC均值为2.58%,均高于次生林(1.78%)与全国森林平均水平(1.92%)。qMBN的变化趋势未达到显著水平,均值均低于次生林(3.01%)与全国森林平均水平(3.43%),且该地区的土壤N含量也低于全国森林平均水平,因此可以推断qMBN受研究区N元素匮乏的制约,不利于土壤N向微生物N的转化。qMBP随海拔的升高而下降,均值高于次生林(2.25%),低于全国森林平均水平(3.76%)。对土壤微生物熵进行冗余分析,发现土壤化学性质是影响土壤微生物熵的主要因素,这与SRIVASTAVA等[39]的研究结论一致。对土壤化学指标进一步检验,表明有机碳和全氮是影响不同海拔梯度表层土壤微生物熵变化的主要环境因子,这与贺若阳等[40]对川西亚高山森林的研究结果一致。研究结果表明,人工林在自然恢复下,林分结构趋于复杂化,物种组成和物种多样性逐渐增加[41]。此外研究显示,随着人工林植被演替的进行,其地表枯落物、根系分泌物的增加,致使土壤养分上升[42]。基于此,对于园区的桉树人工林应采取保留处理,在后续的管理中应注重C、P元素养分的影响,对其采取近自然化管理或者补植混交树种的方式,随着演替时间的推移,桉树人工林的生态效益将得到逐步恢复与提升。
通过对海南热带雨林国家公园不同海拔的桉树人工林及天然次生林土壤-微生物碳、氮、磷特征研究,表明在海拔500~900 m范围内,海拔梯度显著影响桉树人工林土壤-微生物碳、氮、磷含量及化学计量比。而与同海拔的天然次生林相比,桉树人工林的种植一定程度上降低了土壤的碳、磷含量,但对土壤微生物量及生态化学计量的影响并不显著,反而促进了土壤养分中碳、磷元素的利用效率。其中土壤有机碳、全氮是影响桉树人工林土壤微生物熵变化的关键因子。研究表明研究区内的桉树人工林的生长对土壤的负面影响并不显著,且该林分仍具备较强的生态功能。本研究为进一步了解桉树人工林的土壤-微生物碳、氮、磷特征及园区内桉树人工林的处置提供一定理论基础与参考依据。
  • 海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ174)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.024
  • 接收时间:2024-09-22
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-22
  • 录用日期:2024-10-31
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海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2023SHFZ174)
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    1.海南大学热带农林学院,海南海口 570228
    2.海南省林业科学研究院(海南省红树林研究院),海南海口 571100

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* 韦建杏(WEI Jianxing),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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