Article(id=1276862309335166993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722355200000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1726156800000, acceptedDateStr=2024-09-13, onlineDate=1782357297499, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782357297499, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782357297499, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782357297499, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276862113658303045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='3', pageStart='515', pageEnd='775', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1742832000000', pubDateStr='2025-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782357250847, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782357480466, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276863076821496476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276863076825690781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276862113658303045, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=675, endPage=687, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276862310954168339, articleId=1276862309335166993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Different Ratios of Seedling Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cherry Tomato Rootstock Seedlings, columnId=1236256434120348225, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Cultivation, Physiology & Biochemistry, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The study was aimed to select suitable substrate formulations for seedling of Hainan cherry tomato rootstocks. Variety Haiqiezhen No.1 was used, and fermented cow dung, coconut husk, and commercial seedling substrate were made into eight substrate formulations according to different volume ratios, and commercial seedling substrate was used as the control (CK). The physicochemical properties of different seedling substrates and the effects on the growth and physiological characteristics of rootstock seedlings were investigated. The bulk density and aeration porosity of the seedling substrates with coconut busk and cow dung were lower than that of CK, while the total porosity, water-holding porosity, pH and EC were higher than that of CK. The nutrient contents of the treatments were basically higher than that of CK, and the differences reached a highly significant level. The emergence rate of each treatment was more than 90%, which was highly significantly higher than that of CK (except T8). With the prolongation of seedling growth period, the plant height and stem diameter also increased, and there were large differences among different treatments. T2 and T4 were better than other treatments. Fresh and dry weight of the whole plant, above-ground and below-ground dry weights, and strong seedling index also increased with the addition of coconut busk and cow dung (except T5 and T6). The best treatment was T4, and the strong seedling index reached 0.106, which was significantly higher than that of CK, and improved 36.05% compared with that of CK. Different seedling substrates had little effect on the main root length of seedlings, which could promote the increase of average root diameter, root surface area and root volume, but the root vigour was extremely significantly lower than that of CK. The comprehensive evaluation of principal components was T4>T3>T2>T6>T7>T5>T8>T1>CK. In summary, T4 had optimum formula on Haiqiezhen No.1.

, authors=null, authorsList=Hongyu FENG, Jing WANG, Daolong LIAO, Zhicong YOU, Zhuangsheng WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zhuangsheng WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276862312548003867, articleId=1276862309335166993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=不同配比育苗基质对樱桃番茄砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响, columnId=1236256434313286224, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=作物栽培与生理生化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为筛选出适宜海南樱桃番茄砧木育苗的基质配方,本研究以海茄砧1号为试材,将发酵好的牛粪、椰糠和商品育苗基质按不同体积比配制成8种基质配方,以商品育苗基质为对照(CK),研究不同育苗基质的理化性状及其对砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:添加椰糠、牛粪的育苗基质容重和通气孔隙度均低于CK,而总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、pH和电导率(EC)均高于CK;各处理的养分含量基本上高于CK,且达到极显著差异。各处理的出苗率均超过90%,除T8外均极显著高于CK。随着幼苗生长期的延长,株高和茎粗也随着增大,且不同处理间存在较大差异,其中,T2和T4处理优于其他处理。同时,添加椰糠、牛粪的育苗基质(除T5、T6外),还可提高砧木幼苗全株干鲜质量、地上部、地下部干质量和壮苗指数,以T4处理最好,壮苗指数达到0.106,显著高于CK,较CK提高36.05%。与CK相比,不同育苗基质对幼苗主根长影响不大,可促进根平均直径、根表面积和根体积的提高,但根系活力却极显著降低。经主成分综合评价依次为T4>T3>T2>T6>T7>T5>T8>T1>CK。综上所述,T4处理对海茄砧1号的育苗效果最好。

, authors=

冯鸿瑜(1998—),男,助理农艺师,研究方向:茄子育种及嫁接栽培技术。

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* 伍壮生(WU Zhuangsheng),E-mail:
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冯鸿瑜(1998—),男,助理农艺师,研究方向:茄子育种及嫁接栽培技术。

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冯鸿瑜(1998—),男,助理农艺师,研究方向:茄子育种及嫁接栽培技术。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of tomato seedlings, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276862347801129109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=13, pageStart=76, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=55, authorNames=王新右, journalName=现代农业科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王新右. 蔬菜栽培与基质理化性状的关系探讨[J]. 现代农业科技, 2018(13): 76-77., articleTitle=蔬菜栽培与基质理化性状的关系探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276862348094730390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=13, pageStart=76, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=56, authorNames=WANG X Y, journalName=Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X Y. Discussion on relationship between dubstrate physicochemical properties and vegetable cultivation[J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2018(13): 76-77. 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不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=M+9uyytRySUNbR/YDPEqRQ==, figureFileBig=grPhzcGfWQYqK+I2XSzRJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862326762500166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Effects of different substrates on physiological characteristics of rootstock seedling, figureFileSmall=ZpstcoAAu3uIZekx8n3pYg==, figureFileBig=UzrGSis0W7wlZYD4wE4vCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862327219679303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同育苗基质对砧木幼苗生理指标的影响

不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05);不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01)。

, figureFileSmall=ZpstcoAAu3uIZekx8n3pYg==, figureFileBig=UzrGSis0W7wlZYD4wE4vCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276862328805126216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Physicochemical properties of seedling substrates in different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment容重Bulk density/(g·cm-3)总孔隙度Total porosity/%持水孔隙度Water-holding porosity/%Aeration porosity/%通气孔隙度pHEC/(mS·cm-1
T10.20±0.010abcA76.86±1.76dD72.31±1.27eD4.55±0.50cBC5.61±0.05cC1.64±0.020eE
T20.19±0.010cdAB80.43±1.13cC74.33±0.38dD6.10±0.95bB5.61±0.02cC1.76±0.009dD
T30.22±0.010abA94.79±1.05aA90.48±0.53aA4.31±0.57cBC5.82±0.03bB2.06±0.009cC
T40.16±0.004dBC81.27±1.28cC76.81±0.63cC4.46±0.69cBC5.38±0.02dD1.74±0.002dD
T50.12±0.010eD89.75±1.07bB86.16±1.87bB3.59±0.85cC5.05±0.01eE1.41±0.004fF
T60.19±0.030bcAB75.32±0.34dD72.20±0.17eD3.12±0.49cC4.84±0.01fF0.85±0.010gG
T70.14±0.002eCD94.12±0.14aA90.39±0.71aA3.73±0.80cC5.83±0.06bB2.25±0.030bB
T80.20±0.010abcAB93.45±0.44aA88.94±0.09aA4.51±0.39cBC6.38±0.06aA3.31±0.070aA
CK0.22±0.030aA60.30±1.54eE50.62±0.11fE9.68±1.43aA5.00±0.05eE0.66±0.060hH
), ArticleFig(id=1276862328918372426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同育苗基质的理化性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment容重Bulk density/(g·cm-3)总孔隙度Total porosity/%持水孔隙度Water-holding porosity/%Aeration porosity/%通气孔隙度pHEC/(mS·cm-1
T10.20±0.010abcA76.86±1.76dD72.31±1.27eD4.55±0.50cBC5.61±0.05cC1.64±0.020eE
T20.19±0.010cdAB80.43±1.13cC74.33±0.38dD6.10±0.95bB5.61±0.02cC1.76±0.009dD
T30.22±0.010abA94.79±1.05aA90.48±0.53aA4.31±0.57cBC5.82±0.03bB2.06±0.009cC
T40.16±0.004dBC81.27±1.28cC76.81±0.63cC4.46±0.69cBC5.38±0.02dD1.74±0.002dD
T50.12±0.010eD89.75±1.07bB86.16±1.87bB3.59±0.85cC5.05±0.01eE1.41±0.004fF
T60.19±0.030bcAB75.32±0.34dD72.20±0.17eD3.12±0.49cC4.84±0.01fF0.85±0.010gG
T70.14±0.002eCD94.12±0.14aA90.39±0.71aA3.73±0.80cC5.83±0.06bB2.25±0.030bB
T80.20±0.010abcAB93.45±0.44aA88.94±0.09aA4.51±0.39cBC6.38±0.06aA3.31±0.070aA
CK0.22±0.030aA60.30±1.54eE50.62±0.11fE9.68±1.43aA5.00±0.05eE0.66±0.060hH
), ArticleFig(id=1276862329031618635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Nutrient content of seedling substrates in different treatments

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment全氮Total nitrogen/(g·kg-1)全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg-1)全钾Total potassium/(g·kg-1)碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen/(g·kg-1)有效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg-1)速效钾Available potassium/(g·kg-1)
T112.47±0.10bB3.96±0.01cC11.38±0.14cdC0.85±0.008eD70.49±0.08dD4.11±0.03fE
T212.49±0.04bB3.83±0.01dD11.36±0.25cdC0.94±0.005cC66.73±0.45fF4.27±0.10eE
T313.84±0.06aA6.11±0.05bB12.77±0.24bB1.10±0.007bB105.79±0.30aA5.28±0.05cC
T412.19±0.06cC3.52±0.03eE11.29±0.14cdC0.92±0.006dC67.97±0.07eE4.57±0.05dD
T510.39±0.07gF2.15±0.03hH11.60±0.22cC0.53±0.004iH26.31±0.07gG4.46±0.05dD
T610.92±0.03eE2.49±0.02fF11.13±0.22dC0.63±0.001hG22.53±0.39hH2.97±0.03gF
T711.55±0.08dD4.02±0.06cC12.54±0.14bB0.75±0.013fE74.29±0.70cC5.48±0.08bB
T813.80±0.05aA6.79±0.04aA13.95±0.22aA1.20±0.013aA100.60±0.28bB9.14±0.12aA
CK10.55±0.12fF2.24±0.01gG9.49±0.10eD0.71±0.007gF23.16±0.41hH2.10±0.05hG
), ArticleFig(id=1276862329216168012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同育苗基质的养分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment全氮Total nitrogen/(g·kg-1)全磷Total phosphorus/(g·kg-1)全钾Total potassium/(g·kg-1)碱解氮Alkaline nitrogen/(g·kg-1)有效磷Available phosphorus/(mg·kg-1)速效钾Available potassium/(g·kg-1)
T112.47±0.10bB3.96±0.01cC11.38±0.14cdC0.85±0.008eD70.49±0.08dD4.11±0.03fE
T212.49±0.04bB3.83±0.01dD11.36±0.25cdC0.94±0.005cC66.73±0.45fF4.27±0.10eE
T313.84±0.06aA6.11±0.05bB12.77±0.24bB1.10±0.007bB105.79±0.30aA5.28±0.05cC
T412.19±0.06cC3.52±0.03eE11.29±0.14cdC0.92±0.006dC67.97±0.07eE4.57±0.05dD
T510.39±0.07gF2.15±0.03hH11.60±0.22cC0.53±0.004iH26.31±0.07gG4.46±0.05dD
T610.92±0.03eE2.49±0.02fF11.13±0.22dC0.63±0.001hG22.53±0.39hH2.97±0.03gF
T711.55±0.08dD4.02±0.06cC12.54±0.14bB0.75±0.013fE74.29±0.70cC5.48±0.08bB
T813.80±0.05aA6.79±0.04aA13.95±0.22aA1.20±0.013aA100.60±0.28bB9.14±0.12aA
CK10.55±0.12fF2.24±0.01gG9.49±0.10eD0.71±0.007gF23.16±0.41hH2.10±0.05hG
), ArticleFig(id=1276862329308442701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Effects of different substrates on plant height of rootstock seedling

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm生长速率Growth rate/(cm·d-1)
10-1610-2410-3111-0711-14
T14.08±0.21aA5.35±0.56aA8.46±0.72abAB15.37±0.18abAB20.63±1.03aA0.57±0.03abABC
T23.84±0.14abcAB5.57±0.38aA7.98±0.67abcABC15.65±0.38abA21.52±0.64aA0.61±0.02aA
T33.27±0.17dBC4.31±0.22bBC6.81±0.09deCD14.81±0.68bcAB20.81±0.36aA0.61±0.02aA
T43.96±0.12abAB5.61±0.34aA8.82±0.19aA16.68±1.37aA21.21±0.23aA0.59±0.01aAB
T53.06±0.23dC4.40±0.15bB5.85±0.44fD9.84±0.32fE17.02±1.06cdC0.48±0.04deDE
T63.24±0.29dBC3.93±0.16bcBC7.74±0.67bcABC13.52±0.54cdBC18.77±0.13bB0.54±0.02bcBCD
T73.46±0.33bcdABC4.18±0.25bBC6.06±0.41efD11.06±0.52efDE16.63±0.78dC0.45±0.04eE
T83.08±0.55dC3.52±0.13cC5.60±0.30fD11.06±1.02efDE18.09±0.29bcBC0.52±0.01cdCD
CK3.35±0.30cdABC4.02±0.15bcBC7.44±0.28cdBC12.32±0.58deCD17.76±0.34bcdBC0.49±0.01cdeDE
), ArticleFig(id=1276862329421688910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同育苗基质对砧木幼苗株高的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment株高Plant height/cm生长速率Growth rate/(cm·d-1)
10-1610-2410-3111-0711-14
T14.08±0.21aA5.35±0.56aA8.46±0.72abAB15.37±0.18abAB20.63±1.03aA0.57±0.03abABC
T23.84±0.14abcAB5.57±0.38aA7.98±0.67abcABC15.65±0.38abA21.52±0.64aA0.61±0.02aA
T33.27±0.17dBC4.31±0.22bBC6.81±0.09deCD14.81±0.68bcAB20.81±0.36aA0.61±0.02aA
T43.96±0.12abAB5.61±0.34aA8.82±0.19aA16.68±1.37aA21.21±0.23aA0.59±0.01aAB
T53.06±0.23dC4.40±0.15bB5.85±0.44fD9.84±0.32fE17.02±1.06cdC0.48±0.04deDE
T63.24±0.29dBC3.93±0.16bcBC7.74±0.67bcABC13.52±0.54cdBC18.77±0.13bB0.54±0.02bcBCD
T73.46±0.33bcdABC4.18±0.25bBC6.06±0.41efD11.06±0.52efDE16.63±0.78dC0.45±0.04eE
T83.08±0.55dC3.52±0.13cC5.60±0.30fD11.06±1.02efDE18.09±0.29bcBC0.52±0.01cdCD
CK3.35±0.30cdABC4.02±0.15bcBC7.44±0.28cdBC12.32±0.58deCD17.76±0.34bcdBC0.49±0.01cdeDE
), ArticleFig(id=1276862329488797775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Effects of different substrates on stem diameter of rootstock seedling

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment茎粗Stem diameter/mm增幅Increasing range/mm
10-1610-2410-3111-0711-14
T10.99±0.04bAB1.56±0.09abAB2.56±0.12bAB3.35±0.24abcAB3.79±0.20abcAB2.81±0.24abcAB
T20.99±0.04bAB1.65±0.04aA2.64±0.14abAB3.39±0.09abAB4.04±0.23aA3.05±0.27aA
T30.94±0.02bcBCD1.49±0.06bB2.45±0.05bB3.42±0.06abAB3.96±0.09abA3.02±0.10abA
T41.06±0.05aA1.65±0.05aA2.83±0.05aA3.58±0.14aA3.96±0.03abA2.90±0.02abAB
T50.92±0.03cdBCDE1.23±0.03dDE1.93±0.08cdC2.69±0.18eC3.32±0.26dB2.41±0.28cB
T60.86±0.02deDE1.04±0.02eF1.92±0.21cdC3.14±0.11bcdB3.61±0.15bcdAB2.76±0.17abcAB
T70.96±0.02bcBC1.47±0.05bBC2.15±0.15cC3.06±0.20cdBC3.57±0.28cdAB2.61±0.30bcAB
T80.90±0.03cdeCDE1.34±0.06cCD1.96±0.06cdC3.18±0.22bcdAB3.78±0.15abcAB2.88±0.12abAB
CK0.85±0.01eE1.09±0.03eEF1.85±0.03dC3.02±0.06dBC3.55±0.10cdAB2.69±0.12abcAB
), ArticleFig(id=1276862329690124368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同育苗基质对砧木幼苗茎粗的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment茎粗Stem diameter/mm增幅Increasing range/mm
10-1610-2410-3111-0711-14
T10.99±0.04bAB1.56±0.09abAB2.56±0.12bAB3.35±0.24abcAB3.79±0.20abcAB2.81±0.24abcAB
T20.99±0.04bAB1.65±0.04aA2.64±0.14abAB3.39±0.09abAB4.04±0.23aA3.05±0.27aA
T30.94±0.02bcBCD1.49±0.06bB2.45±0.05bB3.42±0.06abAB3.96±0.09abA3.02±0.10abA
T41.06±0.05aA1.65±0.05aA2.83±0.05aA3.58±0.14aA3.96±0.03abA2.90±0.02abAB
T50.92±0.03cdBCDE1.23±0.03dDE1.93±0.08cdC2.69±0.18eC3.32±0.26dB2.41±0.28cB
T60.86±0.02deDE1.04±0.02eF1.92±0.21cdC3.14±0.11bcdB3.61±0.15bcdAB2.76±0.17abcAB
T70.96±0.02bcBC1.47±0.05bBC2.15±0.15cC3.06±0.20cdBC3.57±0.28cdAB2.61±0.30bcAB
T80.90±0.03cdeCDE1.34±0.06cCD1.96±0.06cdC3.18±0.22bcdAB3.78±0.15abcAB2.88±0.12abAB
CK0.85±0.01eE1.09±0.03eEF1.85±0.03dC3.02±0.06dBC3.55±0.10cdAB2.69±0.12abcAB
), ArticleFig(id=1276862329757233233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Effects of different substrates on dry and fresh weight, root shoot ratio and strong seedling index of rootstock seedling

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
处理Treatment全株鲜质量Whole plant fresh weight/g全株干质量Whole plant dry weight/g地上部干质量Shoot dry weight/g地下部干质量Root dry weight/g根冠比Root shoot ratio壮苗指数Strong seedling index
T15.91±0.36bBC0.54±0.01abABC0.48±0.01abAB0.06±0.01abAB0.13±0.02bcdAB0.081±0.011bAB
T27.47±1.32aAB0.64±0.14aAB0.57±0.13aA0.07±0.01abAB0.12±0.02cdAB0.089±0.014abAB
T37.73±0.44aA0.64±0.06aAB0.57±0.05aA0.06±0.01abAB0.12±0.01dB0.085±0.013abAB
T47.43±0.16aAB0.66±0.02aA0.58±0.02aA0.08±0.01aA0.14±0.02abcdAB0.106±0.011aA
T54.84±1.07bC0.36±0.09cD0.31±0.08cC0.05±0.01bB0.17±0.03aA0.067±0.013bB
T65.21±0.30bC0.44±0.03bcCD0.38±0.02bcBC0.06±0.01bAB0.16±0.02abAB0.079±0.012bAB
T75.51±0.53bC0.47±0.04bcBCD0.40±0.03bcBC0.07±0.01abAB0.17±0.01aAB0.088±0.014abAB
T86.02±0.18bABC0.49±0.02bABCD0.43±0.03bABC0.06±0.01bAB0.14±0.02abcdAB0.079±0.012bAB
CK5.25±0.18bC0.45±0.02bcCD0.40±0.02bcBC0.06±0.01bAB0.15±0.02abcAB0.078±0.010bAB
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不同育苗基质对幼苗干鲜质量、根冠比和壮苗指数的影响

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处理Treatment全株鲜质量Whole plant fresh weight/g全株干质量Whole plant dry weight/g地上部干质量Shoot dry weight/g地下部干质量Root dry weight/g根冠比Root shoot ratio壮苗指数Strong seedling index
T15.91±0.36bBC0.54±0.01abABC0.48±0.01abAB0.06±0.01abAB0.13±0.02bcdAB0.081±0.011bAB
T27.47±1.32aAB0.64±0.14aAB0.57±0.13aA0.07±0.01abAB0.12±0.02cdAB0.089±0.014abAB
T37.73±0.44aA0.64±0.06aAB0.57±0.05aA0.06±0.01abAB0.12±0.01dB0.085±0.013abAB
T47.43±0.16aAB0.66±0.02aA0.58±0.02aA0.08±0.01aA0.14±0.02abcdAB0.106±0.011aA
T54.84±1.07bC0.36±0.09cD0.31±0.08cC0.05±0.01bB0.17±0.03aA0.067±0.013bB
T65.21±0.30bC0.44±0.03bcCD0.38±0.02bcBC0.06±0.01bAB0.16±0.02abAB0.079±0.012bAB
T75.51±0.53bC0.47±0.04bcBCD0.40±0.03bcBC0.07±0.01abAB0.17±0.01aAB0.088±0.014abAB
T86.02±0.18bABC0.49±0.02bABCD0.43±0.03bABC0.06±0.01bAB0.14±0.02abcdAB0.079±0.012bAB
CK5.25±0.18bC0.45±0.02bcCD0.40±0.02bcBC0.06±0.01bAB0.15±0.02abcAB0.078±0.010bAB
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Effects of different substrates on root growth of rootstock seedling

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处理Treatment主根长Main root length/cm根平均直径Average root diameter/cm根表面积Root surface area/cm2根体积Root volume/cm3根系活力Root vigour/(mg·g-1·h-1)
T126.45±1.20a0.28±0.01cB22.92±0.85bcdABC0.30±0.03cC1.26±0.14fF
T220.39±1.36ab0.37±0.01aA23.79±1.80abcABC0.45±0.01abAB1.97±0.14efDEF
T319.30±3.49b0.36±0.04aA22.10±2.04bcdBC0.46±0.06abAB3.61±0.97bB
T421.67±1.67ab0.36±0.01aA25.60±2.26abAB0.49±0.05aA3.05±0.33bcBC
T525.24±3.76ab0.37±0.05aA27.25±1.22aA0.47±0.08aAB2.83±0.09cdBCD
T620.55±1.41ab0.34±0.02abAB21.20±1.92cdBC0.36±0.05bcABC2.26±0.22deCDEF
T724.05±4.33ab0.34±0.03abAB24.46±2.59abcABC0.44±0.06abAB1.49±0.28fEF
T819.99±4.23ab0.32±0.02abcAB20.07±0.25dC0.34±0.04cBC2.39±0.07cdeCDE
CK24.09±4.31ab0.30±0.03bcAB21.29±2.12cdBC0.27±0.05cC5.01±0.16aA
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不同育苗基质对砧木幼苗根系生长的影响

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处理Treatment主根长Main root length/cm根平均直径Average root diameter/cm根表面积Root surface area/cm2根体积Root volume/cm3根系活力Root vigour/(mg·g-1·h-1)
T126.45±1.20a0.28±0.01cB22.92±0.85bcdABC0.30±0.03cC1.26±0.14fF
T220.39±1.36ab0.37±0.01aA23.79±1.80abcABC0.45±0.01abAB1.97±0.14efDEF
T319.30±3.49b0.36±0.04aA22.10±2.04bcdBC0.46±0.06abAB3.61±0.97bB
T421.67±1.67ab0.36±0.01aA25.60±2.26abAB0.49±0.05aA3.05±0.33bcBC
T525.24±3.76ab0.37±0.05aA27.25±1.22aA0.47±0.08aAB2.83±0.09cdBCD
T620.55±1.41ab0.34±0.02abAB21.20±1.92cdBC0.36±0.05bcABC2.26±0.22deCDEF
T724.05±4.33ab0.34±0.03abAB24.46±2.59abcABC0.44±0.06abAB1.49±0.28fEF
T819.99±4.23ab0.32±0.02abcAB20.07±0.25dC0.34±0.04cBC2.39±0.07cdeCDE
CK24.09±4.31ab0.30±0.03bcAB21.29±2.12cdBC0.27±0.05cC5.01±0.16aA
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Correlation among physical and chemical properties of seedling substrate and growth and physiological indexes of rootstock seedlings

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), ArticleFig(id=1276862330482847830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

育苗基质理化性质与砧木幼苗生长及生理指标的相关性

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), ArticleFig(id=1276862330566733911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Tab. 8, caption=

Principal component analysis of growth and physiological indexes in rootstock seedlings

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指标Index主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5
出苗率0.190.61-0.68-0.030.18
株高0.900.12-0.120.110.29
茎粗0.990.000.010.13-0.06
全株鲜质量0.920.260.120.16-0.12
全株干质量0.940.130.060.30-0.02
地上部干质量0.940.100.070.270.00
地下部干质量0.610.190.050.73-0.02
根冠比-0.920.160.050.160.01
壮苗指数0.620.180.150.71-0.06
主根长-0.62-0.25-0.480.380.22
根平均直径0.170.930.20-0.06-0.13
根表面积-0.280.71-0.350.450.04
根体积0.190.92-0.040.18-0.23
根系活力-0.12-0.050.86-0.020.21
POD活力0.300.100.860.11-0.19
SOD总活性-0.590.340.450.050.54
PRO含量0.11-0.27-0.06-0.030.85
特征值7.633.122.511.391.07
方差贡献率/%44.8918.3414.768.186.27
累计贡献率/%44.8963.2377.9986.1792.44
), ArticleFig(id=1276862330659008600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

砧木幼苗生长、生理指标的主成分分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5
出苗率0.190.61-0.68-0.030.18
株高0.900.12-0.120.110.29
茎粗0.990.000.010.13-0.06
全株鲜质量0.920.260.120.16-0.12
全株干质量0.940.130.060.30-0.02
地上部干质量0.940.100.070.270.00
地下部干质量0.610.190.050.73-0.02
根冠比-0.920.160.050.160.01
壮苗指数0.620.180.150.71-0.06
主根长-0.62-0.25-0.480.380.22
根平均直径0.170.930.20-0.06-0.13
根表面积-0.280.71-0.350.450.04
根体积0.190.92-0.040.18-0.23
根系活力-0.12-0.050.86-0.020.21
POD活力0.300.100.860.11-0.19
SOD总活性-0.590.340.450.050.54
PRO含量0.11-0.27-0.06-0.030.85
特征值7.633.122.511.391.07
方差贡献率/%44.8918.3414.768.186.27
累计贡献率/%44.8963.2377.9986.1792.44
), ArticleFig(id=1276862330998747225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276862309335166993, language=EN, label=Tab. 9, caption=

Principal component composite scores of growth and physiological indexes in rootstock seedlings

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排名Rank处理Treatment综合得分Comprehensive score主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5
1T40.9691.3410.9350.7411.011-1.092
2T30.6061.112-0.3330.910-0.8030.807
3T20.5701.1750.257-0.7750.0640.984
4T6-0.129-0.563-0.1500.2140.4661.446
5T7-0.241-0.4720.628-0.145-0.147-1.459
6T5-0.347-1.4621.7270.162-0.4830.535
7T8-0.468-0.113-1.0220.074-1.962-0.758
8T1-0.472-0.076-0.564-2.2070.547-0.235
9CK-0.487-0.942-1.4781.0261.307-0.229
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砧木幼苗生长、生理指标的主成分综合得分

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排名Rank处理Treatment综合得分Comprehensive score主成分Principal component
PC1PC2PC3PC4PC5
1T40.9691.3410.9350.7411.011-1.092
2T30.6061.112-0.3330.910-0.8030.807
3T20.5701.1750.257-0.7750.0640.984
4T6-0.129-0.563-0.1500.2140.4661.446
5T7-0.241-0.4720.628-0.145-0.147-1.459
6T5-0.347-1.4621.7270.162-0.4830.535
7T8-0.468-0.113-1.0220.074-1.962-0.758
8T1-0.472-0.076-0.564-2.2070.547-0.235
9CK-0.487-0.942-1.4781.0261.307-0.229
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不同配比育苗基质对樱桃番茄砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响
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冯鸿瑜 , 王静 , 廖道龙 , 尤志聪 , 伍壮生 *
热带作物学报 | 作物栽培与生理生化 2025,46(3): 675-687
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热带作物学报 |作物栽培与生理生化 2025 , 46 (3) : 675 -687
不同配比育苗基质对樱桃番茄砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响
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冯鸿瑜(1998—),男,助理农艺师,研究方向:茄子育种及嫁接栽培技术。

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冯鸿瑜, 王静, 廖道龙, 尤志聪, 伍壮生*
作者信息
  • 海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/农业农村部热带果蔬遗传资源评价利用重点实验室(部省共建)/海南省瓜菜育种工程技术研究中心/海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室,海南海口 571100
通讯作者:
* 伍壮生(WU Zhuangsheng),E-mail:
Effects of Different Ratios of Seedling Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cherry Tomato Rootstock Seedlings
Hongyu FENG, Jing WANG, Daolong LIAO, Zhicong YOU, Zhuangsheng WU*
Affiliations
  • Vegetable Research Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Melon and Vegetable Breeding / Hainan Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.015
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为筛选出适宜海南樱桃番茄砧木育苗的基质配方,本研究以海茄砧1号为试材,将发酵好的牛粪、椰糠和商品育苗基质按不同体积比配制成8种基质配方,以商品育苗基质为对照(CK),研究不同育苗基质的理化性状及其对砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:添加椰糠、牛粪的育苗基质容重和通气孔隙度均低于CK,而总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、pH和电导率(EC)均高于CK;各处理的养分含量基本上高于CK,且达到极显著差异。各处理的出苗率均超过90%,除T8外均极显著高于CK。随着幼苗生长期的延长,株高和茎粗也随着增大,且不同处理间存在较大差异,其中,T2和T4处理优于其他处理。同时,添加椰糠、牛粪的育苗基质(除T5、T6外),还可提高砧木幼苗全株干鲜质量、地上部、地下部干质量和壮苗指数,以T4处理最好,壮苗指数达到0.106,显著高于CK,较CK提高36.05%。与CK相比,不同育苗基质对幼苗主根长影响不大,可促进根平均直径、根表面积和根体积的提高,但根系活力却极显著降低。经主成分综合评价依次为T4>T3>T2>T6>T7>T5>T8>T1>CK。综上所述,T4处理对海茄砧1号的育苗效果最好。

育苗基质  /  砧木  /  幼苗生长  /  生理特性  /  综合评价

The study was aimed to select suitable substrate formulations for seedling of Hainan cherry tomato rootstocks. Variety Haiqiezhen No.1 was used, and fermented cow dung, coconut husk, and commercial seedling substrate were made into eight substrate formulations according to different volume ratios, and commercial seedling substrate was used as the control (CK). The physicochemical properties of different seedling substrates and the effects on the growth and physiological characteristics of rootstock seedlings were investigated. The bulk density and aeration porosity of the seedling substrates with coconut busk and cow dung were lower than that of CK, while the total porosity, water-holding porosity, pH and EC were higher than that of CK. The nutrient contents of the treatments were basically higher than that of CK, and the differences reached a highly significant level. The emergence rate of each treatment was more than 90%, which was highly significantly higher than that of CK (except T8). With the prolongation of seedling growth period, the plant height and stem diameter also increased, and there were large differences among different treatments. T2 and T4 were better than other treatments. Fresh and dry weight of the whole plant, above-ground and below-ground dry weights, and strong seedling index also increased with the addition of coconut busk and cow dung (except T5 and T6). The best treatment was T4, and the strong seedling index reached 0.106, which was significantly higher than that of CK, and improved 36.05% compared with that of CK. Different seedling substrates had little effect on the main root length of seedlings, which could promote the increase of average root diameter, root surface area and root volume, but the root vigour was extremely significantly lower than that of CK. The comprehensive evaluation of principal components was T4>T3>T2>T6>T7>T5>T8>T1>CK. In summary, T4 had optimum formula on Haiqiezhen No.1.

seedling substrate  /  rootstock  /  seedling growth  /  physiological characteristics  /  comprehensive evaluation
冯鸿瑜, 王静, 廖道龙, 尤志聪, 伍壮生. 不同配比育苗基质对樱桃番茄砧木幼苗生长及生理特性的影响. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (3) : 675 -687 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.015
Hongyu FENG, Jing WANG, Daolong LIAO, Zhicong YOU, Zhuangsheng WU. Effects of Different Ratios of Seedling Substrates on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cherry Tomato Rootstock Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (3) : 675 -687 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.015
樱桃番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum var. cerasiforme A. Gray)又名圣女果、爱情果、小番茄和迷你番茄等[1-2]。因其口感好、风味佳,深受消费者的青睐。同时,樱桃番茄也是海南省冬季北运瓜菜的优势作物之一,据海南省农业农村厅有关数据统计,2023—2024冬春季樱桃番茄种植面积约4300 hm2,产区主要集中于陵水、昌江、澄迈和定安等市(县)。樱桃番茄已成为当地农民经济收入的主要来源之一,对海南省冬季北运瓜菜的产业结构调整及促进全国菜篮子工程建设等均作出了重要贡献。
嫁接育苗是樱桃番茄栽培中的重要环节,嫁接苗质量的好坏对樱桃番茄后期的种植管理和产量有很大影响[3],而砧木幼苗的培育更是樱桃番茄嫁接育苗的基础和重中之重。育苗基质是幼苗根系生长的基础,其质量的好坏对种苗的质量影响巨大,是集约化育苗技术中的关键[4]。冯雪锋等[5]研究结果表明牛粪∶花生壳∶蛭石∶通用基质(成分为河沙、珍珠岩、竹削)为2∶2∶4∶2基质配方,有利于番茄幼苗的生长,长势最强,其株高、茎粗、地上地下部干鲜质量最好,壮苗指数、出苗率最高,可用作番茄育苗基质。张爽等[6]研究结果表明番茄育苗基质壮苗指数的最佳配比(体积分数)为玉米秸秆55.61%、有机肥24.39%、马铃薯渣1.20%、田园土18.80%,该配比条件下壮苗指数为0.12281。牛先前等[7]以珍珠岩、河沙、草炭土、椰槺、翠筠靓土等为材料,以田园土为对照,测定了不同配比的育苗基质对番茄出芽率及生长指标的影响,结果表明,珍珠岩∶椰糠∶草炭土为1∶1∶6以及河沙∶草炭土为1∶6作为基质有利于番茄苗的培育。邹宜静等[8]比较了3种杭州市育苗中心常用商品育苗基质的理化性质指标,综合评价其对番茄、茄子苗期长势的影响,结果表明,金色3号是茄果类育苗较理想的商品基质。
然而,不同作物的育苗受基质种类、育苗季节、区域温度与湿度等多因素的影响,其中基质配方是否合理是培育壮苗的关键所在[9]。本研究以发酵的牛粪、椰糠和商品育苗基质为原料,通过不同的配比,开展育苗基质的理化性状及其对砧木幼苗生长和生理特性的影响研究,旨在筛选出适宜海南樱桃番茄砧木培育的基质配方,促进海南省樱桃番茄育苗产业的发展。
供试的樱桃番茄砧木品种为海茄砧1号,由海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所自主选育。育苗基质为商品育苗基质,由山东绿珠农业科技发展有限公司提供。椰糠来源于海南文昌腾达生物科技有限公司,牛粪购自当地农户。经充分发酵腐熟后的理化性质和养分含量分别为椰糠容重0.03 g/cm3,总孔隙度79.94%,持水孔隙度70.34%,通气孔隙度9.60%,pH 6.20,电导率(EC)2.14 mS/cm,全氮8.22 g/kg,全磷1.76 g/kg,全钾15.38 g/kg,碱解氮0.38 g/kg,有效磷42.87 mg/kg和速效钾12.59 g/kg;牛粪容重0.57 g/cm3,总孔隙度95.17%,持水孔隙度78.09%,通气孔隙度17.08%,pH 7.39,EC值3.05 mS/cm,全氮19.75 g/kg,全磷12.10 g/kg,全钾14.27 g/kg,碱解氮1.15 g/kg,有效磷612.19 mg/kg,速效钾11.91 g/kg。
试验于2023年10月4日—11月25日在海南省农业科学院永发科研基地的育苗大棚内进行。采用单因素随机区组设计,以商品育苗基质、椰糠和牛粪为原料,按体积比进行复配,共设置8个基质配方:椰糠∶牛粪∶商品育苗基质为1∶1∶8(T1);椰糠∶牛粪∶商品育苗基质为2∶1∶7(T2);椰糠∶牛粪∶商品育苗基质为1∶2∶7(T3);椰糠∶牛粪∶商品育苗基质为3∶1∶6(T4);椰糠∶商品育苗基质为5∶5(T5);椰糠∶商品育苗基质为2∶8(T6);椰糠∶商品育苗基质∶牛粪为6∶3∶1(T7);椰糠∶商品育苗基质∶牛粪为6∶2∶2(T8);以商品育苗基质为对照(CK)。选用60孔的穴盘进行育苗,每个处理播种2盘,重复3次,苗期管理同常规管理。
(1)基质理化性状的测定。根据试验设计的基质配方复配后,取适量基质带回实验室,自然风干备用。然后参照郭世荣[10]的试验方法测定复配基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和通气孔隙度。利用雷磁PHS-3E pH计测定复配基质的pH[11];利用雷磁DDBJ-350电导率仪测定其EC值[12];分别采用凯氏定氮法、NaOH碱熔-钼锑抗分光光度法、NaOH熔融法、碱解扩散法、钼锑抗比色法和乙酸铵浸提法测定复配基质的全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾[13]
(2)砧木幼苗出苗率的调查。砧木幼苗的发芽试验参照《农作物种子检验规程 发芽试验》(GB/T 3543.4)。当种子发芽以后,每天调查其发芽数,直到14 d为止,并计算出苗率,出苗率=全部发芽种子总数/总播种数×100%。
(3)砧木幼苗生长指标的测定。种子发芽整齐后,每隔7 d随机抽取10株幼苗,分别用直尺和游标卡尺测量其株高和茎粗,直到幼苗长至5~6叶1心时停止调查。并计算其生长速率和茎粗的增幅。生长速率=2次测量的株高差/2次测量间隔的天数。增幅=最后一次测量的茎粗-第一次测量的茎粗[14]。育苗期结束时,再随机抽取10株幼苗,用电子天平测量植株的干鲜质量[15],并计算根冠比和壮苗指数[16]。根冠比=地下部干质量/地上部干质量;壮苗指数=(茎粗/株高+地下部干质量/地上部干质量)×全株干质量。利用LA-S植物图像分析仪测量主根长、根平均直径、根表面积和根体积[17]
(4)砧木幼苗生理指标的测定。育苗结束时,采用TTC染色法测定根系活力[18]。参照高俊凤[19]的方法测定过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(PRO)含量。
采用Excel 2022软件对原始数据处理后,用DPS19.05数据处理系统进行单因素方差分析、相关性分析和Duncan新复极差法多重比较。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行主成分分析和综合得分计算。
表1中可见,不同配比育苗基质的理化性质存在较大差异。添加椰糠、牛粪的育苗基质容重和通气孔隙度均低于商品育苗基质(CK),而总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、pH和EC值则均高于CK。其中T4、T5和T7的容重极显著低于CK和T1、T3;T5和T7的容重极显著低于T2、T4、T6和T8;而T2和T6的容重则显著低于CK,其他处理间则无显著差异。各处理的总孔隙度为75.32%~94.79%,均极显著高于CK;T3、T7和T8的总孔隙度极显著高于其他各处理;T5则极显著高于T1、T2、T4和T6;T2和T4亦极显著高于T1和T6,其他处理间则差异不显著。各处理的持水孔隙度介于72.20%~90.48%之间,均极显著高于CK;T3、T7和T8则极显著高于其他处理;T5亦极显著高于T1、T2、T4和T6;T4则极显著高于T1、T2和T6,而T2则显著高于T1和T6。各处理的通气孔隙度则极显著低于CK;T2则极显著高于T5、T6和T7,其他处理间无显著差异。除T5和T6外,其他各处理的pH亦极显著高于CK;T6则极显著低于CK;T8的pH最高,为6.38,极显著高于其他各处理;T3和T7则极显著高于剩余各处理;T1和T2也极显著高于T4、T5和T6;T4、T5和T6彼此间亦存在极显著差异,其他处理间则差异不显著。EC值最大的是T8,为3.31 mS/cm,极显著高于CK和其他各处理;其次为T7,亦极显著高于其他各处理;CK的EC值最低,为0.66 mS/cm,极显著低于各处理;除T2和T4处理的EC值无显著性差异外,其他各处理间均存在极显著差异。
试验对各育苗基质的养分进行测定,结果表明,各处理的养分含量存在较大差异(表2)。其中全氮含量为10.39~13.84 g/kg,除T5外,其他各处理均极显著高于CK;T3和T8又极显著高于剩余各处理;T1和T2也极显著高于T4~T7;而T4~T7各处理间同样存在极显著差异,其他处理间则无显著差异。全磷含量介于2.15~6.79 g/kg之间,除T5极显著低于CK外,其他各处理均极显著高于CK;T8的全磷含量最高,极显著高于其他处理;其余各处理(除T3和T7无显著差异外)彼此间亦存在极显著差异。各处理的全钾含量为11.13~13.95 g/kg,均极显著高于CK,以T8的含量最高,极显著高于其他各处理;T3和T7也极显著高于其余各处理;而T5则显著高于T6,其他处理间则差异不显著。各处理的碱解氮含量为0.53~1.20 g/kg,除T5和T6极显著低于CK外,其他处理均极显著高于CK;碱解氮含量最高的是T8,极显著高于其他各处理;其次为T3,极显著高于剩余各处理;T2和T4亦极显著高于T1和T5~T7;同样T5~T7彼此间也存在极显著差异,其他处理间则差异不显著。各处理的有效磷含量为22.53~105.79 mg/kg,除T6与CK差异不显著外,其余各处理与CK以及各处理间的差异均达到极显著性水平。各处理的速效钾含量为2.97~9.14 g/kg,均极显著高于CK;以T8的速效钾含量最高,除T4和T5以及T1和T2处理间的差异未达到极显著水平,其他各处理间的差异则均极显著;T1和T2的差异显著,其他处理间则无显著差异。
图1可见,各育苗基质的出苗率均超过了90%。与常规育苗基质(CK)相比,各育苗基质均存在较大差异,除T8显著高于CK外,其他处理则均极显著高于CK。其中,T5的出苗最高为99.73%,较CK提高9.12%,其次为T1,为99.47%,较CK提高8.83%;T8的出苗率为94.97%,较CK提高3.90%,但显著低于T3和T7外的其余处理。
表3可以看出,海茄砧1号幼苗在生长过程中,同一生长期不同处理的株高存在较大差异,且各处理幼苗的株高随着生长期的延长而升高。在10月16日,与CK相比,T1和T4的株高显著高于CK,分别较CK提高21.77%和18.09%,其他处理则与CK差异不显著。在10月24日,T1、T2和T4的株高均极显著高于CK,分别较CK提高33.20%、38.59%和39.75%,剩余处理则与CK无显著差异。在10月31日,T1的株高显著高于CK,较CK提高13.66%;T4的株高则极显著高于CK,较CK提高18.50%;T5、T7和T8的株高则极显著低于CK,分别较CK降低21.36%、18.58%和24.81%;剩余处理与CK间则无显著差异。在11月7日,与CK相比,T1~T4处理的株高均极显著高于CK,而T5处理的株高则极显著低于CK,T6~T8处理的株高则与CK差异不显著。在11月14日育苗期结束时,不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号幼苗株高的影响大小依次为T2>T4>T3>T1>T6>T8>CK>T5>T7
表3中还可知,不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号幼苗的生长速率有极显著的影响。其中T1~T4的生长速率极显著高于CK,分别较CK提高15.54%、23.65%、22.97%和20.27%。其余各处理的生长速率则与CK差异不显著。T6处理的生长速率显著高于T5和T7,T8处理的生长速率显著高于T7,其他处理间无显著差异。
表4中可见,不同育苗基质在同一测定时间内,对海茄砧1号幼苗的茎粗有一定的影响,且茎粗随着生育期的延长而增大。在10月16日,除T6和T8的茎粗与CK差异不显著外,其余处理的茎粗与CK均存在显著或极显著差异。各处理对海茄砧1号幼苗茎粗的影响大小为T4>T1>T2>T7>T3>T5>T8>T6>CK。在10月24日,除T6的茎粗与CK不显著外,其余各处理与CK均达到显著或极显著差异,其中T2和T4的茎粗最大,较CK高50.91%,极显著高于T3、T5、T7和T8;其次为T1和T3处理,分别较CK高42.38%和35.98%,极显著高于T5和T8;T7处理的茎粗也极显著高于T5,其他处理间则差异不显著。在10月31日,T1~T4的茎粗均极显著高于CK,分别较CK高38.45%、42.78%、32.85%和53.07%;T7处理的茎粗则显著高于CK,较CK高16.25%,T5、T6和T8的茎粗则与CK的差异不显著。各处理间的茎粗也存在一定的显著性,其中T4极显著高于T3和T7,显著高于T1和T3,T1、T2和T3极显著高于T7处理,其他处理间则无显著性差异。在11月7日,T4的茎粗极显著高于CK和T5,较CK高18.65%;T1、T2和T3的茎粗极显著高于T5,显著高于CK,分别较CK高11.04%、12.36%和13.13%;同时T2和T3亦显著高于T7;T5极显著低于T6和T8,显著低于T7和CK,其他处理间的差异不显著。在11月14日,T2处理的茎粗最大,极显著高于T5,显著高于CK和T6~T8处理;其次为T3和T4,极显著高于T5,显著高于T7和CK;T1和T8显著高于T5;不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号幼苗茎粗的影响大小为T2>T3>T4>T1>T8>T6>T7>CK>T5
表4还可以看出,不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号幼苗茎粗的增幅也存在极显著的影响。T2和T3的茎粗增幅极显著高于T5,且T2的茎粗增幅又显著高于T7;T4和T8的茎粗增幅显著高于T5,其他处理间则无显著性差异。不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号幼苗茎粗的增幅影响大小为T2>T3>T4>T8>T1>T6>CK>T7>T5
表5中可知,不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号幼苗的干鲜质量、根冠比和壮苗指数有不同程度的影响。其中,T2、T3和T4的全株鲜质量均极显著高于CK,分别较CK增加42.22%、47.24%和41.59%;T3处理又极显著高于T1、T5~T7处理,显著高于T8处理;T2和T4则极显著高于T5~T7处理,显著高于T1和T8处理,其他处理间则差异不显著。全株干质量最大的是T4,极显著高于CK和T5~T7处理,较CK的全株干质量高46.32%,显著高于T8处理;T2和T3处理则极显著高于CK和T5、T6,分别较CK增加41.18%和40.44%,显著高于T7和T8;T1极显著高于T5,而T8则显著高于T5,其他处理间则无显著差异。T2、T3和T4的地上部干质量极显著高于CK和T5~T7,分别较CK高43.70%、44.54%和47.06%,显著高于T8;T1的地上部干质量极显著高于T5,而T8则显著高于T5,其余处理间的差异则未达到显著性水平。地下部干质量以T4最大,且极显著高于T5,剩余处理间的差异不显著。T5处理的根冠比最大,极显著高于T3,显著高于T1和T2;其次为T7处理,显著高于T1~T3处理;T6处理则显著高于T2和T3;CK亦显著高于T3,其他处理间无显著差异。壮苗指数最大的是T4为0.106,极显著高于T5,其余处理间则差异不显著。
表6可见,不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号幼苗根系生长有显著或极显著的影响。主根长最长的是T1为26.45 cm,显著高于T3,其他处理的主根长则差异不大。根平均直径为0.28~0.37 cm,其中T2~T5极显著高于T1,显著高于CK,分别较CK高20.88%、20.88%、19.78%和19.78%,其余处理间则无显著差异。根表面积最大的是T5为27.25 cm2,极显著高于T3、T6、T8和CK,显著高于T1;其次为T4,极显著高于T8,显著高于T6和CK;T2和T7则显著高于T8,其他处理间的差异不明显。T4处理的根体积极显著高于T1、T8和CK,较CK高79.27%,显著高于T6;T5则极显著高于T1和CK,较CK高73.17%,显著高于T6和T8;T2、T3和T7亦极显著高于T1和CK,显著高于T8,其余各处理间差异不显著。
表6中可知,各育苗基质的根系活力均低于CK,且差异极显著,较CK低28.01%~74.92%。其中T3则极显著高于T1、T2和T6~T8,显著高于T5;T4则极显著高于T1、T2和T7,显著高于T6;T5极显著高于T1和T7,显著高于T2;T8则极显著高于T1,显著高于T7;T6显著高于T1和T7,其他处理间无显著差异。
图2所示,各处理中海茄砧1号幼苗叶片POD活力最高的是T3,为1881.7 U/(g·min),其次为T4,为1789.2 U/(g·min),均极显著高于CK和其他处理;T1的POD活力最低为928.5 U/(g·min),极显著低于除T5外的其他各处理。SOD总活性最高的是T5,为62.47 U/g,极显著高于除CK外的其他各处理,显著高于CK,最低的是T8,为46.38 U/g,极显著低于其他各处理,总活性大小依次为T5>CK>T6>T4>T3>T7>T1>T2>T8。各处理中PRO含量最高的是T6,为64.96 μg/g,极显著高于其余处理,较CK高14.36%,其次为CK和T2,分别为56.80 μg/g和56.62 μg/g,极显著高于剩余处理,最低的是T8,为14.10 μg/g,极显著低于其他各处理。各处理中MDA含量的高低为T2>T1>T6>T3>T4>T5>T8>CK>T7,其中T2的MDA含量为7.57 mg/g,极显著高于其他各处理;其次为T1为6.40 mg/g,极显著高于剩余各处理;T7的MDA含量最低,为3.63 mg/g,极显著低于T6,而与其余各处理则差异不显著。
各育苗基质理化性状与海茄砧1号幼苗生长及生理指标的相关性见表7。其中基质的容重与幼苗的根表面积呈极显著负相关,与根冠比呈显著负相关。总孔隙度与持水孔隙度呈极显著正相关,且二者均与EC值呈显著正相关,但与通气孔隙度、PRO含量呈显著负相关,而通气孔隙度与出苗率呈显著负相关。基质的pH与EC值呈极显著正相关,与SOD总活性呈极显著负相关,而EC值与SOD总活性、PRO含量均呈显著负相关。幼苗的株高与茎粗、全株干鲜质量以及地上部干质量彼此间均呈极显著正相关,且均与根冠比呈极显著负相关。地下部干质量与茎粗、全株干鲜质量以及地上部干质量均呈显著正相关;而壮苗指数则与全株干质量和地下部干质量呈极显著正相关,与茎粗、全株鲜质量、地上部干质量呈显著正相关。根体积与根平均直径均呈极显著正相关,与根表面积呈显著正相关。
为探究不同育苗基质对海茄砧1号应用效果的影响,育苗结束期,对各处理幼苗的17个生长、生理指标进行主成分分析。特征值大于1的因子共有5个,累计贡献率达到92.44%。从表8中可知,第1主成分的特征值为7.63,方差贡献率为44.89%,主要因子包括株高、茎粗、全株干鲜质量、地上部干质量、地下部干质量、根冠比、壮苗指数、主根长和SOD总活性。第2主成分的特征值为3.12,方差贡献率为18.34%,包含的主要因子分别为出苗率、根平均直径、根表面积和根体积。第3主成分的特征值为2.51,方差贡献率为14.76%,主要包括出苗率、根系活力和POD活力。第4主成分的特征值为1.39,方差贡献率为8.18%,地下部干质量和壮苗指数为主要因子。第5主成分的特征值为1.07,方差贡献率为6.27%,主要因子为PRO含量。从表9中可见,排名前3的育苗基质处理是T4、T3和T2,综合得分分别为0.969、0.606和0.570,说明T2~T4 3个育苗基质配比综合表现优良,适宜海茄砧1号幼苗的培育,其中T4的效果最佳。
基质的理化性质对蔬菜作物幼苗的生长发育有着重要作用[20]。本研究结果发现将腐熟的椰糠、牛粪和商品育苗基质按一定比例混配后,各处理的容重、总孔隙度、pH、EC值、全氮、全钾和有效磷含量等指标基本均在育苗基质的理想值范围内,理化性质较适宜。且添加椰糠或牛粪的育苗基质容重较CK基本呈现变小的趋势,而持水孔隙度呈现变大的趋势,这与徐达等[21]和魏一苗[12]的研究结果不一致,可能与基质的种类及配比不同有关。添加椰糠或牛粪的育苗基质的pH和EC值有不同程度的提高,这与王保平等[14]和张颖等[22]的研究结果一致,但大多数处理的pH仍低于作物生长适宜的范围5.8~7.0[23],这可能是因为商品育苗基质过酸,配比不合理导致。添加椰糠或牛粪的育苗基质的全氮、全磷和碱解氮含量有差异,主要是因为椰糠的全氮、全磷、碱解氮含量均低于CK,而牛粪的全氮、全磷和碱解氮含量则均高于CK,混配比例不同所致。各处理的全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量均高于CK,这是因为椰糠和牛粪的全钾、有效磷和速效钾含量均高于CK。
株高和茎粗是直观反映幼苗生长健康状况的形态学指标,也能体现育苗基质是否适合幼苗生长需求[14,24]。本研究表明,株高和茎粗均随着育苗天数的延长而增大,但生长速率和茎粗增幅均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,这与刘衍晨等[25]和贾湘璐等[17]的报道一致。育苗结束期,各处理的株高和茎粗均存在较大差异,其中T2~T4极显著高于CK,说明育苗基质混配合理,养分含量适宜,能促进砧木幼苗的生长发育,达到壮苗培育的目的。
根冠比主要反映幼苗地上部、地下部干物质积累的比例,而壮苗指数则是评判幼苗素质的指标,数值越大,幼苗越健壮[26]。本研究结果表明,T5和T7的根冠比较其他处理大,说明其根系生长较好。壮苗指数以T4处理最大,显著高于CK,说明适当添加椰糠和牛粪,有利于促进砧木幼苗干物质的积累,提高幼苗质量[12,27]
根系是植株吸收水分和养分的重要器官,而根系活力则反映幼苗根系的生长状态[28]。研究结果表明,不同育苗基质对砧木幼苗的主根长影响不大,但根平均直径、根表面积、根体积和根系活力则存在显著或极显著差异,适当增加椰糠或牛粪可促进根平均直径、根表面积和根体积,但根系活力则明显降低。这与刘衍晨等[25]的结果不一致,可能由于复配育苗基质的通气孔隙度均较小,而持水孔隙度均较大,气水比(基质的大小孔隙比)均小于育苗基质的理想值,影响了根系的正常呼吸[29],导致根系活力明显低于对照处理。
POD、SOD和PRO决定了植物生理状况和对逆境环境的适应程度,是一种重要的植物逆境保护指标[17]。其中,POD活性最高的是T3,其次为T4,二者均极显著高于CK,而T1的活性最低。说明T3和T4能很好地抵御外部环境胁迫,有利于砧木幼苗生长。SOD总活性最低的是T8,其次是T2,均极显著低于CK,而T5的SOD总活性最高,显著高于CK,说明T8处理配比不合理,不利于幼苗生长。PRO是反映幼苗抗逆性的一个生理指标,抗逆性越强的处理,其含量越高。本研究中PRO含量最高的是T6,极显著高于CK;其次为CK,极显著高于除T2外的其他处理,最低的亦是T8,说明T8的抗逆性水平较低。MDA是反映机体抗氧化潜在能力的重要参数,可以反映机体脂质过氧化速率和强度,也能间接反映组织过氧化损伤程度[19]。其含量越高,说明其氧化损伤程度越大。该研究中T2的MDA含量最高,其次为T1,二者均极显著高于CK,说明这2个基质配方不太适宜砧木幼苗的培育。
相关性分析表明,不同育苗基质的理化性质、幼苗生长指标和生理指标间均呈不同程度的相关性,且部分性状间的差异达到显著或极显著水平。添加椰糠或牛粪的育苗基质,其总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、pH和EC值均有所升高,而容重和通气孔隙度则有所降低,说明为适合砧木幼苗健康生长,椰糠或牛粪需添加适宜。
根据主成分法,综合评判了不同育苗基质对砧木幼苗生长、生理特性及生物量等指标的影响。根据主成分综合得分排名,依次为T4>T3>T2>T6>T7>T5>T8>T1>CK。综上所述,在复配的8个育苗基质中,T4(椰糠∶牛粪∶商品育苗基质为3∶1∶6)的育苗效果最佳,为海南省樱桃番茄砧木幼苗的培育提供参考。
  • 海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021005)
  • 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-23-G55)
  • 海南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(HAAS2023TDYD04)
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2025年第46卷第3期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.03.015
  • 接收时间:2024-07-31
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31
  • 录用日期:2024-09-13
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海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2021005)
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-23-G55)
海南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(HAAS2023TDYD04)
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    海南省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/农业农村部热带果蔬遗传资源评价利用重点实验室(部省共建)/海南省瓜菜育种工程技术研究中心/海南省蔬菜生物学重点实验室,海南海口 571100

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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