Article(id=1276844539470017496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.023, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715184000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-09, revisedDate=1715875200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-17, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782353060833, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782353060833, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782353060833, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782353060833, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276844393709568941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1999', pageEnd='2242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1729785600000', pubDateStr='2024-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782353026082, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782355588483, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2223, endPage=2231, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276844539755230170, articleId=1276844539470017496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Efficient Detection Method for Sugarcane Stem Nodes Based on YOLOv8, columnId=1236286112713470633, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Quality Safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The accurate identification of sugarcane stem nodes is of significant value for intelligent seed cutting, planting positioning, optimizing the production management process of sugarcane gardens, and improving yields and economic benefits. However, existing sugarcane stem node detection methods still have shortcomings in terms of performance, model complexity, and real-time performance. In order to effectively solve this problem, this study chose to use the advanced YOLOv8 model to visually detect sugarcane stem nodes in a structured scene. First, a field sugarcane image collection experiment was designed, the collected sugarcane images were manually labeled, and an image training set and a test set were established. Then, the YOLOv8 network was used as the sugarcane stem node detection model to determine the optimal hyperparameter combination and conduct model training. Finally, actual recognition experiments in the field are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of this method. Experimental results show that the precision, recall, mAP, single-frame inference time and model size of our method on the test set are 0.973, 0.958, 0.974,19.80 ms and 6.30 MB respectively. Compared with the Edgeyolo_S_Coco network and Edgeyolo_Tiny network, the mAP value of the YOLOv8_n network has increased by 1.70% and 1.30% respectively, the single-frame inference time has been reduced by 4.71 ms and 1.50 ms respectively, and the model size has been reduced by 33.70 MB and 17.50 MB respectively. This method has advantages in detection performance and generalization ability, and can effectively meet the requirements for algorithm accuracy and model complexity in outdoor environments, providing solid technical support for sugarcane harvesting and planting in intelligent agricultural production.

, authors=null, authorsList=Zhenhui ZHENG, Danran ZHANG, Weihua HUANG, Lijiao WEI, Changjin GUO, Sirui CHEN, Haiyun WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weihua HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276844541743330288, articleId=1276844539470017496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=基于YOLOv8的甘蔗茎节高效检测方法, columnId=1236286112877048492, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

甘蔗茎节的精确识别对于智能化切种、种植定位及优化蔗园生产管理流程,进而提升产量与经济效益具有显著价值。然而,现有甘蔗茎节检测方法的性能、模型复杂度以及实时性等方面仍存在不足。为有效解决这一问题,本研究选择采用先进的YOLOv8模型,对结构化场景下的甘蔗茎节进行视觉检测。首先,设计野外甘蔗图像采集试验,对采集的甘蔗图像进行人工标记,并建立图像训练集和测试集;接着,采用YOLOv8网络作为甘蔗茎节检测模型,确定最优超参数组合并进行模型训练;最后,进行野外实际识别试验,验证本方法的有效性和高效性。结果表明:本方法在测试集上的精确率、召回率、mAP、单帧推理耗时以及模型大小分别为0.973、0.958、0.974、19.80 ms和6.30 MB。与Edgeyolo_S_Coco网络和Edgeyolo_Tiny网络相比,YOLOv8_n网络的mAP同比分别提高了1.70%和1.30%,单帧推理耗时同比分别降低了4.71 ms和1.50 ms,模型大小同比分别缩减了33.70 MB和17.50 MB。本研究提出的甘蔗茎节检测网络在检测性能和泛化能力上更具优势,能满足户外环境下对算法精度和模型复杂度的需求,为农业智能化生产中的甘蔗收获与种植提供坚实的技术支撑。

, authors=

郑镇辉(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业机器人和图像处理。

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* 黄伟华(HUANG Weihua),E-mail:
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郑镇辉(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业机器人和图像处理。

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郑镇辉(1997—),男,硕士研究生,研究方向:农业机器人和图像处理。

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Details of the data set

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数据集Data set训练集图像Training data set images/page验证集图像Validating data set images/page测试集图像Test data set images/page
新台糖22号1004060
贵糖49号1353570
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数据集划分情况

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数据集Data set训练集图像Training data set images/page验证集图像Validating data set images/page测试集图像Test data set images/page
新台糖22号1004060
贵糖49号1353570
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Performance comparison of different sugarcane stem node detection networks

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网络模型Network model精确率Precision召回率RecalmAP单帧推理耗时Single-frame inference time/ms模型尺寸Model size/MB
Edgeyolo_S_Coco0.9590.9820.95724.5140.00
Edgeyolo_Tiny0.9660.9880.96121.3023.80
YOLOv8_n0.9730.9580.97419.806.30
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不同甘蔗茎节网络检测性能比对

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网络模型Network model精确率Precision召回率RecalmAP单帧推理耗时Single-frame inference time/ms模型尺寸Model size/MB
Edgeyolo_S_Coco0.9590.9820.95724.5140.00
Edgeyolo_Tiny0.9660.9880.96121.3023.80
YOLOv8_n0.9730.9580.97419.806.30
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基于YOLOv8的甘蔗茎节高效检测方法
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郑镇辉 1, 3, 4 , 张淡然 2 , 黄伟华 1, 3, 4, * , 韦丽娇 1, 3, 4 , 郭昌进 1 , 陈思睿 5 , 吴海韵 1
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与质量安全 2024,45(10): 2223-2231
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与质量安全 2024 , 45 (10) : 2223 -2231
基于YOLOv8的甘蔗茎节高效检测方法
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郑镇辉1, 3, 4, 张淡然2, 黄伟华1, 3, 4, * , 韦丽娇1, 3, 4, 郭昌进1, 陈思睿5, 吴海韵1
作者信息
  • 1.中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所,广东湛江 524091
  • 2.华南农业大学工程学院,广东广州,510642
  • 3.农业农村部热带作物农业装备重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
  • 4.广东省农业类颗粒体精量排控工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524091
  • 5.广东理工学院艺术学院,广东肇庆 526100
通讯作者:
* 黄伟华(HUANG Weihua),E-mail:
Efficient Detection Method for Sugarcane Stem Nodes Based on YOLOv8
Zhenhui ZHENG1, 3, 4, Danran ZHANG2, Weihua HUANG1, 3, 4, * , Lijiao WEI1, 3, 4, Changjin GUO1, Sirui CHEN5, Haiyun WU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Agricultural Machinery, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
  • 2.College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment for Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
  • 4.Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Precision Emission Control for Agricultural Particulates, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091, China
  • 5.College of Arts, Guangdong Technology College, Zhaoqing, Guangdong 526100, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.023
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甘蔗茎节的精确识别对于智能化切种、种植定位及优化蔗园生产管理流程,进而提升产量与经济效益具有显著价值。然而,现有甘蔗茎节检测方法的性能、模型复杂度以及实时性等方面仍存在不足。为有效解决这一问题,本研究选择采用先进的YOLOv8模型,对结构化场景下的甘蔗茎节进行视觉检测。首先,设计野外甘蔗图像采集试验,对采集的甘蔗图像进行人工标记,并建立图像训练集和测试集;接着,采用YOLOv8网络作为甘蔗茎节检测模型,确定最优超参数组合并进行模型训练;最后,进行野外实际识别试验,验证本方法的有效性和高效性。结果表明:本方法在测试集上的精确率、召回率、mAP、单帧推理耗时以及模型大小分别为0.973、0.958、0.974、19.80 ms和6.30 MB。与Edgeyolo_S_Coco网络和Edgeyolo_Tiny网络相比,YOLOv8_n网络的mAP同比分别提高了1.70%和1.30%,单帧推理耗时同比分别降低了4.71 ms和1.50 ms,模型大小同比分别缩减了33.70 MB和17.50 MB。本研究提出的甘蔗茎节检测网络在检测性能和泛化能力上更具优势,能满足户外环境下对算法精度和模型复杂度的需求,为农业智能化生产中的甘蔗收获与种植提供坚实的技术支撑。

目标检测  /  甘蔗  /  茎节检测  /  YOLOv8

The accurate identification of sugarcane stem nodes is of significant value for intelligent seed cutting, planting positioning, optimizing the production management process of sugarcane gardens, and improving yields and economic benefits. However, existing sugarcane stem node detection methods still have shortcomings in terms of performance, model complexity, and real-time performance. In order to effectively solve this problem, this study chose to use the advanced YOLOv8 model to visually detect sugarcane stem nodes in a structured scene. First, a field sugarcane image collection experiment was designed, the collected sugarcane images were manually labeled, and an image training set and a test set were established. Then, the YOLOv8 network was used as the sugarcane stem node detection model to determine the optimal hyperparameter combination and conduct model training. Finally, actual recognition experiments in the field are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of this method. Experimental results show that the precision, recall, mAP, single-frame inference time and model size of our method on the test set are 0.973, 0.958, 0.974,19.80 ms and 6.30 MB respectively. Compared with the Edgeyolo_S_Coco network and Edgeyolo_Tiny network, the mAP value of the YOLOv8_n network has increased by 1.70% and 1.30% respectively, the single-frame inference time has been reduced by 4.71 ms and 1.50 ms respectively, and the model size has been reduced by 33.70 MB and 17.50 MB respectively. This method has advantages in detection performance and generalization ability, and can effectively meet the requirements for algorithm accuracy and model complexity in outdoor environments, providing solid technical support for sugarcane harvesting and planting in intelligent agricultural production.

object detection  /  sugarcane  /  stem node detection  /  YOLOv8
郑镇辉, 张淡然, 黄伟华, 韦丽娇, 郭昌进, 陈思睿, 吴海韵. 基于YOLOv8的甘蔗茎节高效检测方法. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2223 -2231 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.023
Zhenhui ZHENG, Danran ZHANG, Weihua HUANG, Lijiao WEI, Changjin GUO, Sirui CHEN, Haiyun WU. Efficient Detection Method for Sugarcane Stem Nodes Based on YOLOv8[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2223 -2231 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.023
甘蔗产业作为农业经济发展的重要组成部分,推进其高质量发展对于保障食糖供给、加快农业转型升级及促进经济高质量发展意义重大[1]。现今,我国甘蔗产业发展模式正发生着深刻变化,迫切需要把农业科技创新作为推动甘蔗产业现代化发展的关键动力[2]。目前甘蔗的田间作业仍要依靠大量的人工参与,如蔗种制备和甘蔗种植,不仅工作效率低,种植均匀性和准确性也无法保证[3]。随着智慧农业的不断发展,计算机技术也逐渐开始应用于甘蔗种植和收获等方面的研究,有效缓解了社会劳动力缺乏的问题,同时提高作业效率等[4]。然而,目前甘蔗茎节检测方法的精度和效率有待提高,无法做到广泛应用。因此,设计一个高效且精准的甘蔗茎节检测系统,是甘蔗园智能化管理面临的瓶颈问题。
目前部分国内外的学者进行了关于甘蔗节点检测的相关研究。伊朗MOSHASHAI等[5]利用灰度图像阈值分割的方法对甘蔗茎节识别做了初步研究,黄亦其等[6]研究了基于局部均值,在HVS颜色空间的H分量进行图像分割处理,以最大灰度值确定茎节位置的方法,其识别率为90.77%,平均时间为0.481 539 s。陆尚平等[7]探讨了基于机器视觉的甘蔗茎节特征提取与识别方法,对甘蔗蔗段的图像的HSV颜色空间中S分量与H分量图像进行不同处理,并使用支持向量机的方法处理甘蔗茎节与节间,聚类分析后得到茎节数与位置的平均识别率分别为94.118%、91.522%。张卫正等[8]基于高光谱成像技术进行甘蔗茎节识别与定位方法研究,通过图像采集装置上方的光谱仪进行数据收集,提取茎节特征波段建立模型,实现对茎节进行识别,茎节左右端的定位误差分别小于0.9 mm和2.4 mm。以上研究通过结合人工特征,利用传统机器学习方法实现了甘蔗的识别。然而,传统机器学习方法由于需要预先指定手工特征,在蔗园复杂环境下存在鲁棒性差和泛化能力弱的不足,识别性能需要进一步提升。
近年来,深度学习技术已经在农业领域得到了广泛的应用,许多研究人员也展开了基于深度学习的茎节识别研究[9-14]。李尚平等[15]通过减少中间卷积层构成的残差结构数量,对YOLOv3网络进行改进,实现了90.38%的准确率和28.7 ms的平均耗时。唐玲玲[16]基于改进YOLOv4甘蔗茎节识别模型,将有效特征层直接传入加强特征提取网络中以进行路径聚合构建,单帧图像识别时间约为6 ms,识别准确度为98.68%。李强等[17]通过改进LeNet-5网络模型实现对蔗芽识别定位,该模型单幅图像检测用时为1.2 s,识别准确率达92%。陈文[18]基于MobileNet网络和YOLOv4-t网络实现甘蔗茎节的识别,提供了一种以较小准确率损失为代价的模型轻量化方法。赵文博等[19]提出基于改进YOLOv5模型的茎节识别方法,在甘蔗数据集上准确率达97.1%。何捷[20]通过多尺度预测结构并采用K-means算法优化描边框改进了YOLOv5网络,改进后的目标检测模型mAP为93.8%。戴久翔等[4]通过添加CBAM注意力机制模块和引入VarifocalNet,在YOLOv5网络进行优化,甘蔗茎节识别准确率达到89.89%。上述研究着重提升模型精度并取得了显著成果,但绝大多数研究依赖于高性能计算机进行试验,因而对硬件的需求较高,这使得其难以应用于当前的农村种植环境,无法满足低成本高质量作业的目标。
经过上述研究可知,深度学习技术在图像特征提取与目标检测方面表现出色,尤其在复杂环境中显示出其独特的优势。相较于传统的机器学习方法,深度学习方法不仅展现出更高的鲁棒性,还具备出色的泛化能力。然而,在甘蔗茎节检测领域,目前的研究主要聚焦于提升算法的精确性,却忽视了模型实时作业和轻量化的重要性。高复杂度的模型对内存和计算资源的需求较高,这与设备的小型化趋势相悖,同时也增加了甘蔗种植机械化的成本负担。因此,如何在维持系统性能的同时,降低模型的计算开销和体积,已成为甘蔗生产装备实现机械化和智能化作业的核心挑战。
为满足蔗农和甘蔗生产装备的实际需求,本研究提出了一种基于YOLOv8的甘蔗茎节高效检测方法。该方法的主要工作包括:(1)设计并开展自然环境下甘蔗图像采集试验,进行人工标注,并进行随机划分,以构建甘蔗图像数据集;(2)采用YOLOv8网络作为甘蔗茎节检测模型,通过优化超参数组合,实现模型性能的最优化;(3)设计并开展不同检测模型的对比试验,全面评估模型的性能和复杂度。研究结果可为甘蔗智能化收获和种植提供技术支持,从而满足甘蔗生产装备在降低成本和提高效率方面的实际需求。
在广东省湛江市中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究的甘蔗园内(21°10′N,110°16′E),于2023年11月进行图像采集试验。构建了新台糖22号和贵糖49号2个甘蔗品种的图像数据集。如图1所示,新台糖22号的茎皮部分呈现出浅黄绿色的特征,而贵糖49号则呈现出紫红色。在试验过程中,采用iPhone 11和HUAWEI Mate 60 Pro作为拍摄相机,图像尺寸设定为4032×3024像素,并以彩色图像JPG格式进行保存。共拍摄450幅图像,每张图像中包含3~5个茎节,总计约1800个甘蔗茎节。这些图像为后续的数据分析和研究提供重要的视觉信息。
数据集的质量对于训练识别模型的精度及其在实际应用中的性能具有至关重要的影响。为确保数据的清晰度和代表性,筛选了440幅甘蔗图像。同时为确保模型训练与验证的有效性,将这些图像按照7∶3的比例划分为训练集和验证集,其中310张图像用作训练集,剩余的130张图像则作为测试集,具体划分结果如表1。本研究使用目标检测领域常用的软件LabelImg(https://github.com/tzutalin/labelImg),对甘蔗数据集进行标注,生成的标签文件中包含每个甘蔗茎节的类别标识及其在图像中的规范化边界框坐标。
野外场景下甘蔗节点的精准检测是实现后续智能化种植和收获任务的关键步骤。目前,检测方法主要分为以R-CNN系列为代表[21-24]的2阶段策略和以YOLO系列为代表[25-28]的单阶段策略目标检测框架。相比现有目标检测方法,YOLOv8在保持高精度的前提下,以其高速的迭代更新而更备受关注。该模型采用了更加轻量级的网络结构,并且使用了更加高效的推理技术(如TensorRT引擎加速等),具有更好的检测性能和易于在野外实际场景中部署应用。因此,选取具有较高检测精度和速度的YOLOv8作为甘蔗茎节检测网络。如图2所示,YOLOv8的总体结构包括骨干网络(Backbone)、颈部网络(Neck)、检测头(Head)3部分内容。
为了使网络在GPU资源有限的条件下得到更好的训练结果,YOLOv8在BackBone和Neck中分别采用了Darknet53网络和PAFPN网络,通过将YOLOv5中的C3模块换成C2F模型,有效提高了网络高效提取特征的能力。如图3所示,C2F模块结构主要流程为:先经过1个Conv卷积,接着使用chunk函数将out平均拆分成2个向量,并保存到list中;然后,将后半部分输入到Bottleneck Block里面,其中,Bottleneck Block里面有n个Bottleneck;最终将每个Bottleneck的输出都追加到list中。
目标检测算法可根据是否存在先验锚框标准,划分为基于锚框(Anchor-based)和基于无锚框(Anchor-free)2类。解耦头由TIAN等[29]首次提出,凭借其快速收敛及提升回归性能的优势,在基于Anchor-Free的目标检测器中,如YOLOX得到了广泛应用。
图4所示,YOLOv8的预测网络使用了Decoupled-Head,同时由于使用DFL思想,因此预测头的通道数也变成4×reg_max形式。相对于YOLOv5,为了提升回归性能,YOLOv8将Head中的C3模块替换为C2f,将上采样之前的1×1卷积去除,将Backbone不同阶段输出的特征直接送入上采样操作,实现不同尺寸特征图的特征融合,降低推理成本。最终提出一种高效的解耦头,具有更快的推理速度。
为公正评估各算法性能,试验中确保各算法所采用的训练平台与超参数配置基本一致。本研究试验平台详情如下:中央处理器(CPU)为英特尔至强金牌6 256处理器,主频3.60 GHz,具备48个物理核心与24个线程,内存容量1024 GB。显卡为NVIDIA RTX A6000(GPU),显存48 GB。操作系统采用Ubuntu18.04,安装有CUDA 11.8.130、CUDNN 8.6.0、NVIDIA驱动程序535.104、Opencv 4.8.0以及训练框架Pytorch 2.0.1。
(1)参数设置:选用官方提供的预训练模型Edgeyolo_Tiny和YOLOv8_n作为初始模型,将输入图像像素尺寸设为1024×1024,并将Max_epoch设为300。同时,设置Batch size为16,初始学习率(learning rate)为0.01,动量因子(momentum)为0.90,权重衰减系数为0.0005。
(2)训练策略:在训练过程中,采用K-means聚类算法,通过自适应计算来精确地确定最佳的锚框长宽比。为进一步增强模型的泛化能力和鲁棒性,采用多种图像增强方法。首先,通过Mosaic数据增强技术,增加模型的训练样本多样性和背景复杂度;其次,采用Mixup方法通过在原始图像和标签之间进行线性插值,生成新的训练样本,提高模型的泛化能力;此外,引入EMA(exponential moving average)技术,对模型参数进行平滑处理,进一步提高模型的稳定性;在颜色空间方面,采用HSV颜色空间增强,通过随机调整图像的色相、饱和度和亮度,增强模型对不同光照条件和颜色变化的适应能力;最后,通过Flip方法,对图像进行水平翻转,以增加模型的对称性识别能力。
图5为甘蔗茎节识别网络在训练过程中的模型损失和平均精度(AP)随迭代次数的变化曲线。模型在训练和验证过程中的损失变化及性能指标:边界框损失(box_loss)、分类损失(cls_loss)和分布焦点损失(dfl_loss)的变化,以及精度(precision)、召回率(recall)、平均精度(mAP)。观察图像可发现,损失曲线逐步降低并保持稳定,这意味着网络误差逐渐减小且泛化性能良好。随着训练轮次的增加,mAP曲线逐渐上升并稳定,尽管在初期可能存在一定波动,但训练进行过程中,波动逐渐减小。深入分析表明,训练集和验证集上的损失曲线趋势一致,mAP表现亦然,无明显偏差,这说明网络未出现过度拟合或欠拟合现象。从参数收敛情况来看,基于损失曲线和mAP曲线的收敛趋势,以及训练集和验证集上的一致表现,可确认甘蔗茎节网络已达到收敛。
在本研究中,设计1组甘蔗茎节识别试验,采用Edgeyolo_S_Coco网络、Edgeyolo_Tiny网络和YOLOv8_n网络分别对新型糖22号甘蔗和贵糖49号甘蔗的测试图像进行识别,模型检测效果如图6所示。试验以精确率(precision)、召回率(recall)、mAP值、推理时间(inference time)和模型大小(model_size)作为评估准则,计算公式如下:
其中,Tp表示正确识别的甘蔗茎节数(真正例),表示错误识别为甘蔗茎节的数量(假正例),FN表示未识别出的甘蔗茎节数(假负例)。PR分别代表精确率和召回率,是评估检测模型性能的重要指标。AP是precision-recall曲线下的面积,反映模型的综合性能。inference time是单张甘蔗图像检测所需的时间,用于衡量模型的效率。model_size表示模型大小,网络参数量在实际部署中起到关键作用,对于模型的运行速度和性能有重要影响。
图6可以看出,对于新台糖22号甘蔗和贵糖49号甘蔗2个品种,Edgeyolo_Tiny网络、Edgeyolo_Tiny网络以及YOLOv8_n网络均可较好识别出图像中甘蔗茎节。与Edgeyolo_S_Coco网络和Edgeyolo_Tiny网络相比,YOLOv8_n网络很好地克服了漏检和重复检测的缺点。此外,在实际作业中,切种机产生的震动或是蔗农的日常操作,均可能导致图像质量出现不同程度的模糊,这进一步增加了甘蔗茎节识别的难度。图7展示了在图像模糊条件下,YOLOv8_n网络的检测效果。从图中可以观察到,即使在图像质量不佳的情况下,该网络依然能够准确识别并框选出甘蔗茎节,充分证明YOLOv8_n网络在鲁棒性和整体性能上的卓越表现。
表2可以看出,YOLOv8_n网络在测试集上的精确率、召回率、mAP、单帧推理耗时以及模型大小分别为0.973、0.958、0.974、19.80 ms和6.30 MB。与Edgeyolo_S_Coco网络和Edgeyolo_Tiny网络相比,YOLOv8_n网络的mAP同比分别提高了1.70%和1.3%,单帧推理耗时同比分别降低了4.71 ms和1.5 ms,模型大小同比分别缩减了33.70 MB和17.50 MB。试验结果表明,本研究提出的甘蔗茎节检测网络在检测性能和泛化能力上更具优势,能有效满足户外环境下对算法精度和模型复杂度的需求。
本研究提出了一种基于YOLOv8的轻量级甘蔗茎节检测方法。研究首先开展了野外甘蔗图像采集,构建新台糖22号和贵糖49号2个品种的甘蔗图像数据集,并通过人工标注将数据集划分为训练集、验证集和测试集。随后,提出采用轻量级的EdgeYOLO网络,确定最优超参数组合,实现对甘蔗茎节的精准检测。在结构化场景下,本方法在测试集上的精确率、召回率、mAP、单帧推理耗时以及模型大小分别为0.973、0.958、0.974、19.80 ms和6.30 MB。与Edgeyolo_S_Coco网络和Edgeyolo_Tiny网络相比,YOLOv8_n网络的mAP值分别提高了1.70%和1.3%,单帧推理耗时分别降低了4.71 ms和1.5 ms,模型大小分别缩减了33.70 MB和17.50 MB。研究结果表明,所提出的甘蔗茎节检测网络在检测性能和泛化能力上具有明显优势,能有效满足户外环境下对算法精度和模型复杂度的需求,为农业智能化生产中的甘蔗收获与种植提供技术支持。
总体而言,本研究提出的轻量化甘蔗茎节检测方法在检测性能和泛化能力方面表现卓越,充分满足了户外环境下甘蔗茎节检测算法所需的精准度和成本效益。未来研究可将该算法有效地应用于实际边缘设备,以满足实时性和资源受限环境下的运行需求。此外,将本算法整合至甘蔗切种机或种植机等农业机械中,实现与农业装备的紧密集成,将为农业生产提供更为智能化的服务,提升机械操作的精准度和效率。
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630132024014; 1630132024012; 1630132024006)
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.023
  • 接收时间:2024-05-09
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-09
  • 修回日期:2024-05-17
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中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630132024014; 1630132024012; 1630132024006)
作者信息
    1.中国热带农业科学院农业机械研究所,广东湛江 524091
    2.华南农业大学工程学院,广东广州,510642
    3.农业农村部热带作物农业装备重点实验室,广东湛江 524091
    4.广东省农业类颗粒体精量排控工程技术研究中心,广东湛江 524091
    5.广东理工学院艺术学院,广东肇庆 526100

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* 黄伟华(HUANG Weihua),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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