Article(id=1276844538744406835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704643200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-08, revisedDate=1711987200000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-02, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782353060661, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1729785600000, pubDateStr=2024-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782353060661, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782353060660, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782353060660, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276844393709568941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2024', volume='45', issue='10', pageStart='1999', pageEnd='2242', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1729785600000', pubDateStr='2024-10-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782353026082, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782355588483, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276855141311574993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276844393709568941, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2149, endPage=2161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276844539025425205, articleId=1276844538744406835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Effects of Pitaya Canker Disease on Peel Microbial Community, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The microbial community of fruit peel tissues helps to improve fruit quality and resistance to pathogens. There are few reports on the community structure and diversity of endophytic microbes of pitaya peel tissues. This study analyzed the composition and diversity of the endophytic microbial communities in the peel tissues of young healthy fruits and diseased fruits at the early stage of canker disease, and predicted microbial functions to understand the characteristics, through Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the diversity and structure of the endophytic bacterial and fungal communities between healthy and diseased peel tissues of pitaya young fruits. In the peel tissues of healthy fruits, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Deinococcota, Desulfobacteriota and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla, and Ascomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were the dominant fungal phyla. In the early stage of canker disease, the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Deinococcota, as well as fungal phylum Ascomycota, significantly decreased, while bacterial phylum Desulfobacteriota and fungal phylum unclassified_k_Fungi significantly increased in average relative abundance. Compared with the healthy fruits peel, with differences in the proportion of the above microbes, the expression levels of chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, methylotrophic and methanol oxidation functions of endophytic bacteria in diseased fruits peel significantly decreased, the proportion of potentially_pathogenic groups of endophytic bacteria significantly increased, the proportion of saprotroph, pathotroph, pathotroph symbiotroph of endophytic fungi significantly decreased, and the proportion of unknown trophic fungi significantly increased. The results would provide biological information on the endophytic microbes in pitaya fruits peel, to reveal the role in the occurrence of pitaya canker disease and provide theoretical basis for utilizing the function of beneficial microorganisms.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ziting YAO, Zhouyong LIANG, Yanling ZHAO, Xiaomei WEI, Yuan ZHAO, Chengwu ZOU, Guining ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Chengwu ZOU, Guining ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276844540736701253, articleId=1276844538744406835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=火龙果溃疡病对果皮组织微生物群落特征的影响, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

水果果皮组织的微生物群落有助于提高水果品质和抗病性,但关于火龙果果皮内生微生物的群落结构和多样性的研究报道比较缺乏。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析火龙果健康幼果与溃疡病发生初期的罹病果果皮组织内生微生物群落组成及多样性,并预测其群落功能,以了解溃疡病发生初期火龙果果皮内生微生物群落特征。结果表明:在火龙果青果期,健康果和罹病果果皮之间的内生细菌和真菌群落多样性和群落结构差异不显著。健康果果皮的内生微生物中,优势细菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、异球菌门(Deinococcota)、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),优势真菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、真菌未鉴定门(unclassified_k__Fungi)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和毛霉门(Mucoromycota)。溃疡病发生初期,变形菌门、放线菌门和异球菌门的细菌和子囊菌门的真菌的平均相对丰度显著下降,脱硫杆菌门的细菌和真菌未鉴定门的真菌的平均相对丰度显著上升。随着菌群比例变化,罹病果皮内生细菌的化学异养、需氧化学异养、甲基营养以及甲醇氧化功能的表达量显著下降,内生细菌的潜在致病性类群比例显著提高,内生真菌的腐生营养型、病理营养型和病理-共生营养型的比例显著下降,未知营养型的内生真菌比例显著上升。研究结果提供了火龙果果皮内生微生物的生物信息,为揭示火龙果内生微生物在溃疡病发生中的作用以及利用内生有益微生物功能提供理论依据。

, authors=

姚姿婷(1983—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:特色果蔬病害发生与综合防治。

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* 邹承武(ZOU Chengwu),E-mail:
朱桂宁(ZHU Guining),E-mail:
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姚姿婷(1983—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:特色果蔬病害发生与综合防治。

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姚姿婷(1983—),女,博士,副研究员,研究方向:特色果蔬病害发生与综合防治。

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844549133697923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=图1, caption=健康果和罹病果果皮组织内生细菌(A)和真菌(B)的ASV维恩图, figureFileSmall=vq1t9PSgtcU/0bqo6j9JEw==, figureFileBig=s+qV/80sf2Y5uafhJeowWA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844550010307460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=PCoA analysis of endophytic bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits at the ASV level, figureFileSmall=R1b7yVuS5z3j9TLa8LYJXg==, figureFileBig=qH0cJQAvuXgJ7G0qXQttfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844550324880261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于ASV水平健康果和罹病果果皮组织内生细菌(A)和真菌(B)的PCoA分析, figureFileSmall=R1b7yVuS5z3j9TLa8LYJXg==, figureFileBig=qH0cJQAvuXgJ7G0qXQttfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844550391989126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Composition of endophytic bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits at genus level, figureFileSmall=ebxi1vhXkKp+aDj70hxZyA==, figureFileBig=t0We+S2Z1IWdActw0icrhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844550723339143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=图3, caption=健康果和罹病果果皮组织内生细菌(A)和真菌(B)的属水平组成, figureFileSmall=ebxi1vhXkKp+aDj70hxZyA==, figureFileBig=t0We+S2Z1IWdActw0icrhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844550798836616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=LEfSe analysis of bacterial (A) and fungal (B) communities in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits

Cladogram circles demonstrate phylogenetic taxa from phylum to genus. Colored dots indicate the taxa with different abundance, blue represents healthy fruits, red represents diseased fruits, and yellow indicates taxonomic groups with no significant difference in abundance among different groups or no significant impact on difference between groups.

, figureFileSmall=kJh6ECu1IWU0W/M884HB5g==, figureFileBig=1BofP6g/i+rmgF6s1iJblg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844550886917001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=图4, caption=健康果和罹病果果皮组织差异细菌(A)和真菌(B)群落的LEfSe分析

分支图圆圈表示从门到属的系统发育分类群。彩色圆点表示丰度不同的分类群,蓝色为健康果,红色为罹病果,黄色表示不同类群的丰度无显著差异或对类群之间的差异无显著影响的分类群。

, figureFileSmall=kJh6ECu1IWU0W/M884HB5g==, figureFileBig=1BofP6g/i+rmgF6s1iJblg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844551197295498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Prediction of endophytic bacterial function in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits through FAPROTAX, figureFileSmall=ervXdXsLkuplGWai+1Oc5A==, figureFileBig=da+WBDOt2akKEdYmCk1Quw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844551264404363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=图5, caption=FAPROTAX预测健康果和罹病果的果皮组织内生细菌功能, figureFileSmall=ervXdXsLkuplGWai+1Oc5A==, figureFileBig=da+WBDOt2akKEdYmCk1Quw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844551327318924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Prediction of function groups of endophytic bacteria in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits through BugBase, figureFileSmall=eLTfsQxpcG90kPW0uMk8eg==, figureFileBig=oDrYyfUVQO1qY6DdVqodAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844551381844877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=图6, caption=BugBase预测健康果和罹病果果皮组织内生细菌功能类群, figureFileSmall=eLTfsQxpcG90kPW0uMk8eg==, figureFileBig=oDrYyfUVQO1qY6DdVqodAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844551612531598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Prediction of the trophic modes of endophytic fungi in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits through FUNGuild, figureFileSmall=x99ky5QRqZEy3fT7TJzyAA==, figureFileBig=R1IdLsQ6P1HWtgwTrmDQ0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844551692223375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=图7, caption=FUNGuild预测健康果和罹病果果皮组织内生真菌的营养型, figureFileSmall=x99ky5QRqZEy3fT7TJzyAA==, figureFileBig=R1IdLsQ6P1HWtgwTrmDQ0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276844551755137936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Number of microbial communities in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits at different taxonomic levels

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物Microbe分组Group门Phylum纲Class目Order科Family属Genus种Species扩增子序列变体ASV
内生细菌健康果2552106190363442969
罹病果26641362344135211058
总计29731552855517191751
内生真菌健康果5204595132167254
罹病果6184697158192330
总计62153121200268475
), ArticleFig(id=1276844551981630353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

健康果与罹病果果皮组织不同分类水平的微生物群落数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
微生物Microbe分组Group门Phylum纲Class目Order科Family属Genus种Species扩增子序列变体ASV
内生细菌健康果2552106190363442969
罹病果26641362344135211058
总计29731552855517191751
内生真菌健康果5204595132167254
罹病果6184697158192330
总计62153121200268475
), ArticleFig(id=1276844552057127826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Diversity index of endophytic bacterial and fungal community in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index分组Group内生细菌Endophytic bacteria内生真菌Endophytic fungi
Chao1指数健康果400.67±151.38123.33±37.50
罹病果424.75±54.13153.00±14.73
P0.8080.271
香农指数健康果4.300±0.9633.075±0.129
罹病果4.286±1.1132.968±0.219
P0.9880.506
辛普森指数健康果0.058±0.0550.079±0.004
罹病果0.113±0.1570.102±0.022
P0.6020.143
覆盖率/%健康果99.9999.97
罹病果99.9999.99
), ArticleFig(id=1276844552124236691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

健康果和罹病果果皮组织内生细菌和真菌群落的多样性指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标Index分组Group内生细菌Endophytic bacteria内生真菌Endophytic fungi
Chao1指数健康果400.67±151.38123.33±37.50
罹病果424.75±54.13153.00±14.73
P0.8080.271
香农指数健康果4.300±0.9633.075±0.129
罹病果4.286±1.1132.968±0.219
P0.9880.506
辛普森指数健康果0.058±0.0550.079±0.004
罹病果0.113±0.1570.102±0.022
P0.6020.143
覆盖率/%健康果99.9999.97
罹病果99.9999.99
), ArticleFig(id=1276844552199734164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Endophytic bacterial composition in peel tissues of healthy and diseased fruits at dominant phylum level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item门Phylum相对丰度Relative abundance/%P
罹病果Diseased fruit健康果Healthy fruit
细菌变形菌门Proteobacteria26.96±9.8648.53±7.180.038*
厚壁菌门Firmicutes25.20±5.8713.77±4.300.053
脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota13.54±3.202.49±0.550.004*
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota13.13±4.347.15±2.700.115
放线菌门Actinobacteriota5.56±2.0614.70±2.500.008*
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi0.62±0.401.15±0.990.444
异球菌门Deinococcota1.28±0.454.39±1.580.030*
其他13.71±12.507.82±6.650.588
真菌子囊菌门Ascomycota40.67±10.6963.23±6.880.037*
真菌未鉴定门unclassified_k__Fungi56.06±10.5727.30±10.810.030*
担子菌门Basidiomycota2.68±0.527.75±6.580.254
毛霉门Mucoromycota0.57±0.311.70±2.230.434
其他0.02±0.000.02±0.000.389
), ArticleFig(id=1276844552266843029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276844538744406835, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

健康果和罹病果果皮组织内生细菌和真菌优势门组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Item门Phylum相对丰度Relative abundance/%P
罹病果Diseased fruit健康果Healthy fruit
细菌变形菌门Proteobacteria26.96±9.8648.53±7.180.038*
厚壁菌门Firmicutes25.20±5.8713.77±4.300.053
脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota13.54±3.202.49±0.550.004*
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota13.13±4.347.15±2.700.115
放线菌门Actinobacteriota5.56±2.0614.70±2.500.008*
绿弯菌门Chloroflexi0.62±0.401.15±0.990.444
异球菌门Deinococcota1.28±0.454.39±1.580.030*
其他13.71±12.507.82±6.650.588
真菌子囊菌门Ascomycota40.67±10.6963.23±6.880.037*
真菌未鉴定门unclassified_k__Fungi56.06±10.5727.30±10.810.030*
担子菌门Basidiomycota2.68±0.527.75±6.580.254
毛霉门Mucoromycota0.57±0.311.70±2.230.434
其他0.02±0.000.02±0.000.389
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火龙果溃疡病对果皮组织微生物群落特征的影响
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姚姿婷 1 , 梁洲勇 2 , 赵燕灵 2 , 韦小妹 1 , 赵渊 3 , 邹承武 2, * , 朱桂宁 1, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2024,45(10): 2149-2161
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2024 , 45 (10) : 2149 -2161
火龙果溃疡病对果皮组织微生物群落特征的影响
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姚姿婷1, 梁洲勇2, 赵燕灵2, 韦小妹1, 赵渊3, 邹承武2, * , 朱桂宁1, *
作者信息
  • 1.广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
  • 2.广西大学农学院/植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,广西南宁 530004
  • 3.广西亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁 530001
通讯作者:
* 邹承武(ZOU Chengwu),E-mail:
朱桂宁(ZHU Guining),E-mail:
Effects of Pitaya Canker Disease on Peel Microbial Community
Ziting YAO1, Zhouyong LIANG2, Yanling ZHAO2, Xiaomei WEI1, Yuan ZHAO3, Chengwu ZOU2, * , Guining ZHU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pest, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
  • 2.College of Agriculture, Guangxi University / National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
  • 3.Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
出版时间: 2024-10-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.016
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水果果皮组织的微生物群落有助于提高水果品质和抗病性,但关于火龙果果皮内生微生物的群落结构和多样性的研究报道比较缺乏。本研究采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术分析火龙果健康幼果与溃疡病发生初期的罹病果果皮组织内生微生物群落组成及多样性,并预测其群落功能,以了解溃疡病发生初期火龙果果皮内生微生物群落特征。结果表明:在火龙果青果期,健康果和罹病果果皮之间的内生细菌和真菌群落多样性和群落结构差异不显著。健康果果皮的内生微生物中,优势细菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、异球菌门(Deinococcota)、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi),优势真菌门为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、真菌未鉴定门(unclassified_k__Fungi)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和毛霉门(Mucoromycota)。溃疡病发生初期,变形菌门、放线菌门和异球菌门的细菌和子囊菌门的真菌的平均相对丰度显著下降,脱硫杆菌门的细菌和真菌未鉴定门的真菌的平均相对丰度显著上升。随着菌群比例变化,罹病果皮内生细菌的化学异养、需氧化学异养、甲基营养以及甲醇氧化功能的表达量显著下降,内生细菌的潜在致病性类群比例显著提高,内生真菌的腐生营养型、病理营养型和病理-共生营养型的比例显著下降,未知营养型的内生真菌比例显著上升。研究结果提供了火龙果果皮内生微生物的生物信息,为揭示火龙果内生微生物在溃疡病发生中的作用以及利用内生有益微生物功能提供理论依据。

火龙果  /  溃疡病  /  果皮组织  /  内生细菌  /  内生真菌  /  群落多样性

The microbial community of fruit peel tissues helps to improve fruit quality and resistance to pathogens. There are few reports on the community structure and diversity of endophytic microbes of pitaya peel tissues. This study analyzed the composition and diversity of the endophytic microbial communities in the peel tissues of young healthy fruits and diseased fruits at the early stage of canker disease, and predicted microbial functions to understand the characteristics, through Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the diversity and structure of the endophytic bacterial and fungal communities between healthy and diseased peel tissues of pitaya young fruits. In the peel tissues of healthy fruits, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Deinococcota, Desulfobacteriota and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla, and Ascomycota, unclassified_k_Fungi, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were the dominant fungal phyla. In the early stage of canker disease, the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota and Deinococcota, as well as fungal phylum Ascomycota, significantly decreased, while bacterial phylum Desulfobacteriota and fungal phylum unclassified_k_Fungi significantly increased in average relative abundance. Compared with the healthy fruits peel, with differences in the proportion of the above microbes, the expression levels of chemoheterotrophy, aerobic chemoheterotrophy, methylotrophic and methanol oxidation functions of endophytic bacteria in diseased fruits peel significantly decreased, the proportion of potentially_pathogenic groups of endophytic bacteria significantly increased, the proportion of saprotroph, pathotroph, pathotroph symbiotroph of endophytic fungi significantly decreased, and the proportion of unknown trophic fungi significantly increased. The results would provide biological information on the endophytic microbes in pitaya fruits peel, to reveal the role in the occurrence of pitaya canker disease and provide theoretical basis for utilizing the function of beneficial microorganisms.

pitaya  /  canker disease  /  peel tissue  /  endophytic bacteria  /  endophytic fungi  /  community diversity
姚姿婷, 梁洲勇, 赵燕灵, 韦小妹, 赵渊, 邹承武, 朱桂宁. 火龙果溃疡病对果皮组织微生物群落特征的影响. 热带作物学报, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2149 -2161 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.016
Ziting YAO, Zhouyong LIANG, Yanling ZHAO, Xiaomei WEI, Yuan ZHAO, Chengwu ZOU, Guining ZHU. Effects of Pitaya Canker Disease on Peel Microbial Community[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2024 , 45 (10) : 2149 -2161 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.016
生态系统中的微生物群落由各种复杂的分类群组合而成,这些分类群在它们之间以及与它们所占据的生态位中的宿主之间存在有益、中性或有害的相互作用[1-4]。在植物系统中,这些微生物群落存在于植物组织和器官的表面或内部,它们与宿主相互作用,共同进化[5-6]。研究显示,植物地上部病害与其微生物群落的关系紧密,因而对植物地上部分微生物群落尤其是植物叶部病害与相关叶部微生物群落的研究逐年增多[7]。然而,对果实微生物的研究更多集中在采后储存过程和加工过程中[8-9],对果实采收前发生病害时相关微生物群落的研究则鲜有报道,对果实微生物群落特征的认识还非常有限。
火龙果(Hylocereus undatus)因其特别的外观,且富含膳食纤维、维生素和抗氧化物质,具有独特的风味和口感,以及糖含量低等优点备受大众欢迎,是一种具有重要经济价值的热带水果。2021年,中国的火龙果产量超过160万t,超过越南成为最大的火龙果生产国[10]。然而,中国、马来西亚、泰国、以色列和美国等世界火龙果主产区曾先后报道受到溃疡病的严重威胁[11-16]。火龙果溃疡病是由丝状真菌新暗色柱节孢(Neoscytalidium dimidiatum)引起的一种极具破坏性的病害,可显著降低火龙果的产量和质量,导致重大经济损失。该病原菌早期侵染火龙果的嫩茎和幼果,其症状包括幼嫩的茎、果皮及其鳞片出现圆形凹陷的褪绿病斑。随后病斑逐渐转为橘黄色,并且逐渐扩大形成褐色突起。如果不加以控制,病斑将迅速蔓延至整个茎部和果实,果实内部出现溃烂。在高温高湿的环境条件下,溃疡病发生更严重,扩散更迅速,甚至危害整个果园[11-16]。研究表明,由于嫩茎的蜡质层表面凹凸不平,细胞排列疏松,褶皱增多,有利于病原菌新暗色柱节孢的附着与定殖[17-18]。新暗色柱节孢感染可导致茎组织的多酚含量、丙二醛含量和过氧化物酶活性均降低[17-18]。可见,新暗色柱节孢感染破坏了宿主植株正常的生理生化过程,从而对宿主生长产生负面影响。本课题组前期研究发现,在溃疡病发生初期,茎部组织的真菌群落结构发生改变,真菌群落多样性显著下降,一些病理营养型真菌富集可能促进茎溃疡病的发生[19]。而有关果实溃疡病早期的果皮组织内生微生物群落结构和多样性的研究尚无报道。
通常火龙果发生溃疡病初期正处在青果期,为了分析果实溃疡病发生初期的果皮微生物群落结构特征,本研究采集火龙果青果期的健康果果皮和罹病果皮,利用高通量测序技术对果皮组织的内生细菌和真菌群落进行扩增子测序分析,旨在通过分析溃疡病初期果皮组织相关内生微生物群落种类和多样性,探讨微生物群落在溃疡病发生初期的作用,为解析果实病害的发生提供新思路,也为有针对性地预防和控制火龙果溃疡病提供理论依据。
供试火龙果为金都一号品种,种植于广西南宁市广西农业科学院科学研究基地的火龙果种植园(108°12′56″E,23°14′44″N)。火龙果种植园采用水泥柱式种植模式,行距2.5 m,柱距2.0 m,2个水泥柱间立4个木柱,每个水泥柱和木柱各种2株火龙果。
于2021年10月采集果实样品。在种植园内选择3行均处于青果期、果实大小一致的火龙果作为采样行。在每一采样行随机选取6株植株,每株剪下2个果皮溃疡病病斑面积占整个果实面积的6%~15%的青皮果,将这12个罹病果装入同一个无菌采样袋,作为1个重复样品,按照此法分别采集另外2个重复的样品。在同一行随机选取6株长势良好果实无病斑的健康植株,剪下与罹病果实大小相近的12个健康果装入同一个无菌采样袋,作为1个重复样品,按照此法分别采集另外2个重复的样品。将果实样品带回实验室,用灭菌水将果皮表面冲洗干净,在超净台用75%酒精冲洗表面3次,晾干。剥下果皮,用灭菌剪刀剪下罹病果皮病斑区域组织,并剪为1 cm×1 cm的小片,每个重复样品各取2 g,3个重复的样品依次编号为Fs1、Fs2、Fs3。用同样方法,剪下健康果果皮组织,每个重复样品各取2 g,3个重复的样品依次编号为Fh1、Fh2、Fh3。样品保存于-80 ℃,待提取微生物基因组DNA。
采用E.Z.N.A.® Soil DNA提取试剂盒(美国Omega Bio-Tek公司)提取果皮组织样品微生物基因组DNA,通过1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析DNA完整度,使用超微量分光光度计NanoDrop 2000(美国ThermoFisher Scientific公司)分析DNA的纯度和浓度。使用引物799F(5′-AACMGGATTAGATACCCKG-3′)和1392R(5′-ACGGGCGGTGTGTRC-3′)进行PCR扩增样品细菌16S rDNA的V5-V7区;使用引物ITS1(5′-CTTGGTCATTTAGAGGAAGTAA-3′)和ITS2(5′-GCTGCGTTCTTCATCGATGC-3′)进行PCR扩增样品真菌的ITS1区。使用AxyPrep DNA凝胶回收试剂盒(美国Axygen公司)纯化PCR扩增产物。由上海美吉生物医药科技有限公司完成扩增子文库构建及高通量测序,构建扩增子文库后在Illumina MiSeq PE300平台上对微生物DNA片段的双端(paired-end)进行测序。
将测序数据进行样品拆分后,使用fastp和FLASH软件对双端读段(reads)进行引物去除、质量过滤、去噪、拼接和嵌合体去除等步骤,使用序列降噪方法(DADA2/Deblur等)处理数据[20-21],分别获得细菌样品和真菌样品的扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant,ASV)的代表序列和丰度信息。分别按细菌样品和真菌样品的最小序列数对各样品细菌和真菌序列数进行抽平,抽平后的序列进行下一步分析。将来源于细菌样品的ASV代表序列比对Silva138/16S数据库进行物种分类注释,从而获得每个样品中细菌群落在各分类水平的具体组成。将来源于真菌样品的ASV代表序列比对Unite数据库v8.0[22]进行物种分类注释,从而获得每个样品中真菌群落在各分类水平的具体组成。基于ASV代表序列和丰度信息,进行群落多样性分析(alpha多样性和beta多样性)、物种差异分析和菌群功能预测分析等。用Mothur v1.3软件[23]计算Chao1指数、香农指数、辛普森指数及覆盖率等alpha多样性指数,用Student’s T-test检验2组间指数差异显著性;用R软件包vegan完成主坐标分析(principal coordinates analysis,PCoA),即beta多样性分析;使用FAPROTAX软件(1.2.1)[24]和BugBase数据库(https://bugbase.cs.umn.edu/index.html)分别预测内生细菌群落的生物化学循环功能和表型特征;使用FUNGuild软件(v1.0)完成内生真菌群落的营养型预测[25];用Welch’s T-test检验2组间物种差异显著性和预测功能类群差异显著性。在美吉生物云交互式分析平台(http://www.majorbio.com)完成上述测序数据处理及分析。通过jvenn在线服务器(http://jvenn.toulouse.inra.fr/app/example.html)完成韦恩图分析。
对健康果及罹病果果皮组织样品进行高通量测序,对测序数据进行处理、质控、优化和去噪后,2组6个样品共得到191 991条细菌代表性序列及357 656条真菌代表性序列,每个样品细菌平均序列数为31 999条,真菌平均序列数为59 609条。将各样品的细菌和真菌序列数分别进行标准化后,再聚类生成扩增子序列变体(amplicon sequence variant,ASV)。以序列之间相似性为100%定义为1个ASV,此次序列聚类共得到1751个细菌ASVs和475个真菌ASVs,所有样品覆盖率都在99.9%以上(表1表2),说明这些数据可以真实反映样品内微生物群落的多样性。
通过计算2组样品的多样性指数,结果表明,2组果皮组织样品中内生细菌与真菌群落的alpha多样性指数均无显著差异:健康果的细菌与真菌丰富度指数(Chao1指数)均低于罹病果,多样性指数(香农指数)略高于罹病果,优势菌群指数(辛普森指数)略低于罹病果(表2)。表明果实溃疡病发病初期微生物菌群多样性虽然有变化,但差异不显著。
基于ASV绘制的韦恩图显示,健康果及罹病果2组果皮组织样品共检测到1751个细菌ASV,共有ASV数为276个,共有ASV在健康果及罹病果的相对丰度之和分别为54.24%和55.49%。健康果的特有细菌ASV数为693个,比罹病果少89个(图1A)。健康果及罹病果果皮共检测到475个真菌ASV,2组共有ASV数为109个,共有ASV在健康果及罹病果的相对丰度之和分别为90.29%和91.14%。健康果的特有真菌ASV数为145个,比罹病果的特有真菌ASV少76个(图1B)。以上结果表明,罹病果比健康果具有更多的细菌与真菌ASV数,2组间细菌ASV数量差异较大,真菌ASV数量差距较小,但2组之间ASV的比例差距都不大。
本研究基于ASV水平,通过主坐标分析(PCoA)来比较2组果皮样品中内生细菌群落和真菌群落的beta多样性差异。结果显示,虽然健康果和罹病果的内生细菌群落构成产生分离,但是差异不显著。与细菌群落构成相比,健康果和罹病果的内生真菌群落构成产生的分离更明显,但也未达到显著水平;与健康果样品之间离散距离相比,罹病果样品之间的离散距离较小(图2)。可见,与健康果果皮组织内生真菌的群落结构相比,罹病果的果皮组织内生真菌的群落结构有发生改变的趋势,且罹病果样品之间的内生真菌群落结构差异性小于健康果。
表1可知,健康果及罹病果两组果皮组织样品共鉴定到内生细菌29门73纲155目285科551属719种1751个ASVs,共鉴定到内生真菌6门21纲53目121科200属268种475个ASVs。结果显示,健康果果皮组织的内生细菌及内生真菌种类数量均低于罹病果果皮组织,2组间的内生细菌种类数量差距较大。
在细菌门水平上,健康果有7个相对丰度大于1%的优势细菌门,相对丰度由高到低依次为:变形菌门(Proteobacteria,48.53%)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota,14.70%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,13.77%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,7.15%)、异球菌门(Deinococcota,4.39%)、脱硫杆菌门(Desulfobacterota,2.49%)和绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi,1.15%),这些优势细菌门的相对丰度总和为92.18%;罹病果有6个优势细菌门,相对丰度由高到低依次为:变形菌门(26.96%)、厚壁菌门(25.20%)、脱硫杆菌门(13.54%)、拟杆菌门(13.13%)、放线菌门(5.56%)和异球菌门(1.28%),这些优势细菌门的相对丰度总和为85.67%。其中,罹病果的变形菌门、放线菌门和异球菌门的相对丰度显著低于健康果,脱硫杆菌门的相对丰度显著高于健康果(表3)。在真菌门水平上,健康果有4个优势真菌门,相对丰度由高到低依次为:子囊菌门(Ascomycota,63.23%)、真菌未鉴定门(unclassified_k__Fungi,27.30%)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota,7.75%)和毛霉门(Mucoromycota,1.70%),这些优势真菌门的相对丰度总和为99.98%;罹病果优势真菌门数量比健康火龙果少1个,且均与健康果共有,相对丰度由高到低依次为:真菌未鉴定门(56.06%)、子囊菌门(40.67%)和担子菌门(2.68%),这些优势真菌门的相对丰度总和为99.41%。其中,罹病果的真菌未鉴定门的相对丰度显著高于健康果,子囊菌门相对丰度显著低于健康果(表3)。
在细菌属水平,健康果与罹病果共注释到551个细菌属,共有细菌属225个,罹病果特有细菌属188个,比健康果多50个。健康果的优势细菌属有17个,相对丰度总和为61.96%,罹病果的优势细菌属有14个,相对丰度总和为36.85%;与罹病果相比,健康果的优势细菌属更具有有代表性。健康果和罹病果共有优势细菌属8个,优势细菌属及其相对丰度分别为:甲基杆菌属群(Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum)5.20%和2.33%、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)4.71%和3.55%、地杆菌属(Geobacter)2.31%和4.37%、绒毛杆菌科未分类属(norank_f__Muribaculaceae)2.12%和2.73%、马赛菌属(Massilia)1.94%和2.98%、丛毛单胞菌科未知属(unclassified_f__Comamonadaceae)1.66%和2.45%、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)1.53%和1.27%以及乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)1.27%和1.07%。在健康果的优势细菌属中,相对丰度显著高于罹病果的有鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、异球菌属(Deinococcus)、微杆菌属(Microbacterium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、草酸杆菌科未知属(unclassified_f__Oxalobacteraceae)、短小杆菌属(Curtobacterium)、动球菌属(Kineococcus)和金色单胞菌属(Aureimonas);在罹病果的优势细菌属中,相对丰度显著高于健康果的有布赫纳氏菌属(Buchnera)和互营杆菌属(Syntrophobacter)(图3A)。表明火龙果在感染溃疡病初期,随着属水平细菌丰富度的增加,属水平细菌的占比逐渐下降。
在真菌属水平,健康果与罹病果共注释到200个真菌属,两组共有真菌属90个,罹病果特有真菌属68个,比健康果多26个。健康果的优势真菌属有14个,相对丰度总和为92.75%,罹病果的优势真菌属有9个,相对丰度总和为87.02%;健康果和罹病果的优势真菌属种类和比例可以反映各组真菌群落的组成和多样性。健康果和罹病果共有优势真菌属7个,优势真菌属及其相对丰度分别为:真菌界未知属(unclassified_k__Fungi)27.30%和56.06%、丛赤壳科未知属(unclassified_f__Nectriaceae)13.83%和1.64%、枝孢属(Cladosporium)13.51%和15.18%、链格孢属(Alternaria)6.50%和3.09%、轮枝菌属(Gibellulopsis)6.16%和2.83%、亚隔孢壳科未知属(unclassified_f__Didymellaceae)2.95%和3.97%以及球腔菌科未知属(unclassified_f__Phaeosphaeriaceae)1.43%和1.01%。在健康果的优势真菌属中,相对丰度显著高于罹病果的有丛赤壳科未知属和刺盘孢属(Colletotrichum),而在罹病果未鉴定到健康果优势菌属阿泽拉霉属(Arxiella)的序列。在罹病果的优势真菌属中,只有真菌界未知属的相对丰度显著高于健康果(图3B)。另外,在罹病果鉴定到新暗色柱节孢归属的柱节孢属(Neoscytalidium)的比例不高,平均相对丰度仅为0.36%,但在健康果未鉴定到柱节孢属的序列(图3B)。
利用线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis effect size,LEfSe)方法获得指示健康果和罹病果2组样品中差异的微生物类群。结果显示,LDA评分大于4时,健康果的内生细菌指示类群丰富,不同分类水平共4个分支的细菌类群显著富集在健康果上,分别是放线菌门2个分支(从放线菌门到微杆菌科短小杆菌属和微杆菌属;从放线菌门到动球杆菌科动球杆菌属)、变形菌门1个分支(从变形菌门到γ变形菌纲假单胞菌属)和鞘氨醇单胞菌属;而罹病果内生细菌只有1个指示类群,即拟杆菌目(图4A)。
与内生细菌分析结果相似,LDA评分大于4时,健康果的内生真菌指示类群更丰富一些,不同分类水平共4个分支的真菌类群富集在健康果上,分别是子囊菌门2个分支[从子囊菌门到肉座菌目(Hypocreales)丛赤壳科未知属和球孢霉目(Glomerellales)刺盘孢属]、担子菌门2个分支[从担子菌门到汉纳酵母属(Hannaella)和弯孢霉属(Curvularia)];而罹病果富集了3个分支,分别是真菌未鉴定门(从真菌未鉴定门到真菌未鉴定属)、畸球腔菌科(Teratosphaeriaceae)(从畸球腔菌科到Pseudoteratosphaeria属)以及葡萄座腔菌科(Botryosphaeriaceae)。由于火龙果溃疡病菌隶属于葡萄座腔菌科柱节孢属,进一步降低LDA评分查找,发现柱节孢属的LDA评分为3.60,且葡萄座腔菌科只有从葡萄座腔菌科到柱节孢属1个分支的LDA评分大于2(图4B)。
基于FAPROTAX预测表明,健康果和罹病果果皮组织的内生细菌类群功能分别有42种和46种。在健康果样品中基因表达量前10的细菌类群功能有:化学异养(chemoheterotrophy)、需氧化学异养(aerobic chemoheterotrophy)、铁呼吸(iron respiration)、尿素分解(ureolysis)、发酵(fermentation)、甲基营养(methylotrophy)、甲醇氧化(methanol oxidation)、动物寄生物或共生物(animal parasites or symbionts)、硝酸盐还原(nitrate reduction)以及人类病原体(human pathogens all)。在罹病果样品中基因表达量前10的细菌类群功能为:化学异养、铁呼吸、需氧化学异养、发酵、尿素分解、硫化物呼吸(respiration of sulfur compounds)、硫呼吸(sulfate respiration)、硝酸盐还原、动物寄生物或共生物以及芳香化合物降解(aromatic compound degradation)(图5)。其中,健康果的化学异养、需氧化学异养、甲基营养以及甲醇氧化功能的基因表达量显著高于罹病果,发酵、硫化物呼吸、硫呼吸以及芳香化合物降解功能的基因表达量显著低于罹病果。
基于BugBase预测表明,健康果和罹病果的内生细菌类群有9种微生物表型,包括好氧(aerobic)、厌氧(anaerobic)、兼性厌氧(facultatively anaerobic)、革兰氏阳性(gram positive)、革兰氏阴性(gram negative)、生物膜形成(forms biofilms)、潜在致病性(potentially pathogenic)、可移动元件(contains mobile elements)及胁迫耐受(stress tolerant)。与健康果相比,罹病果内生细菌群落的革兰氏阴性和潜在致病性类群的平均相对丰度较高,而革兰氏阳性和好氧类群的平均相对丰度较低(图6)。
通过比对FUNGuild数据库对健康果和罹病果内生真菌类群的营养型进行预测。结果显示,健康果的优势营养型比例由高到低依次为病理-腐生-共生营养型(pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph,25.87%)、腐生营养型(saprotroph,18.16%)、病理营养型(pathotroph,14.36%)、病理-腐生营养型(pathotroph-saprotroph,7.29%)和病理-共生营养型(pathotroph-symbiotroph,5.41%)。罹病果的优势营养型比例由高到低依次为病理-腐生-共生营养型(20.74%)、腐生营养型(6.80%)、病理-腐生营养型(6.43%)和病理营养型(5.45%)。健康果的腐生营养型、病理营养型和病理-共生营养型的平均相对丰度均高于罹病果(图7)。
溃疡病对火龙果的生产破坏性很大。在溃疡病发生早期,病原菌新暗色柱节孢在嫩茎和幼果中定殖,然后逐渐扩散到整个茎部和果实内部,果实在成熟前溃烂开裂,严重影响火龙果的产量和品质,也影响火龙果的采后储运[26]。对果实进行微生物组高通量测序,可获得大量微生物群落结构信息,为系统研究病原菌的侵染、病害发生和防控提供依据[27]。本研究结果显示,在溃疡病发生早期,罹病果果皮组织的内生细菌类群种类比健康果多,而多样性略低于健康果,但均未达到显著差异。健康果果皮中最丰富的内生细菌门是变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、异球菌门和脱硫杆菌门,在溃疡病发生初期,变形菌门、放线菌门和异球菌门的丰度显著下降,而脱硫杆菌门的丰度显著上升。变形菌门能有效利用植物分泌物,在提高自身类群相对比例的同时,也提高宿主的营养吸收和抗性[28]。而放线菌门是一种革兰氏阳性细菌,可产生各种代谢产物,如抗生素和拮抗物质,其功效已在不同的土壤和海洋来源菌株中得到证明[29]。异球菌门对高温有较强的耐受力,如环礁湖珊瑚具有较强的热适应性,是因为体内存在较多的耐热异球菌门细菌,这些耐热细菌有助于环礁湖珊瑚适应炎热的环境[30]。火龙果是热带水果,具有一定的耐热能力,可能与异球菌门是其优势内生类群有关。发生溃疡病后,这些细菌的丰度下降,是否会导致宿主的抗病性和耐热能力下降,有待进一步研究。值得注意的是,脱硫杆菌门富含硫酸盐还原菌,温度升高促进其增殖,有可能促进宿主植物对硫营养物质的吸收[31]。但是,这些脱硫杆菌门细菌是否也提供营养物质促进一些条件致病菌的生长,使罹病果皮上的潜在致病性菌群比例增加,从而提高罹病果皮发生复杂病害的风险,这有待进一步验证。
本研究结果表明,子囊菌门和真菌未鉴定门的真菌是火龙果果皮的主导内生真菌。子囊菌门真菌在很多常见水果果皮中占主导地位,它们生长迅速,能够在低营养水平的恶劣条件下生存[32]。它们可在具有挑战性的环境中适应紫外线和高温等的胁迫[33]。真菌未鉴定门具体包含哪些类群还不能确定。据研究报道,当真菌未鉴定门占主导地位时,往往会影响所在生态位真菌群落的主要功能,包括对生态位营养物质以及宿主分泌物质的转化和利用,可能促进或抑制病原菌的生长,影响宿主的抗病性,甚至影响宿主的口感和风味等[34-35]。由此推测,在罹病果皮中丰度显著上升的真菌未鉴定门的真菌类群,可能使病原菌更好地适应生长环境,同时导致果皮微生物群落失衡,促进溃疡病的发生和发展[7]。而且在属水平上,真菌界未知属在罹病果中的相对丰度也显著高于健康果。虽然在罹病果中鉴定到新暗色柱节孢归属的柱节孢属(Neoscytalidium)的比例不高,平均相对丰度仅为0.36%,但是健康果中未鉴定到柱节孢属的序列,柱节孢属真菌的存在与否可能是导致溃疡病发生的关键。当然,由于MiSeq高通量测序长度约为400 bp,加上分类参考数据库序列有限,导致比对出来的序列包含一定比例的未培养或未分类的真菌,需要进一步明确其分类地位和作用。但即使在健康果皮组织,真菌未鉴定门的平均相对丰度也高达27.30%,这暗示着火龙果果皮组织可能存在一些未知的利用火龙果果皮特有物质生长的真菌,在进一步的研究中可以通过培养方法对这些真菌进行分离、纯培养和鉴定。
高爽[36]在研究发生溃疡病的冰糖橙叶表细菌种群结构时发现,发病叶表中含量最高的是泛菌属,相对丰度达到25.20%,而主要病原菌黄单胞菌属的相对丰度为7.42%,是未发病叶表丰度(3.54%)的两倍多。当黄单胞菌属的相对丰度超过8.00%时,冰糖橙叶片才表现出明显的溃疡病症状。GINNAN等[37]研究发现,柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种会随着柑橘黄龙病病情指数的上升,在叶部和茎部组织中的相对丰度越来越高,然而,在病情指数最低的1级,柑橘黄龙病菌亚洲种在叶部和茎部组织中的相对丰度不到1%。可见,虽然主要病原菌在主要生态位的相对丰度越高,其引起的病害严重程度越大,但病害发生初期其比例尚未达到优势比例,甚至可能比例很低。火龙果溃疡病的症状表现与柱节孢属的相对丰度的关系有待进一步分析,探寻病原菌是如何达到优势比例并导致病害发生。
细菌群落的变化往往会导致菌群功能改变,了解菌群功能有助于了解群落变化对宿主的影响。基于FAPROTAX预测细菌群落功能结果显示,健康果果皮内生细菌群落的化学异养、需氧化学异养、甲基营养和甲醇氧化的表达量均高于罹病果。一些营养物质需要通过内生细菌的化学异养、需氧化学异养功能进行转换后才能被宿主植物吸收利用,甲基营养和甲醇氧化功能可提高宿主植物对有机碳源的利用率,这些都会促进宿主植物生长,从而提高宿主植物的抗病性[38-39]
在本研究中,利用BugBase预测细菌表型特征和利用FUNGuild预测真菌营养型的结果均显示,一些潜在病原细菌和真菌的相对丰度在罹病果皮组织上较高,甚至高于溃疡病主要病原菌柱节孢属。这些病原菌可能是以共生的营养方式存在果皮内,但是随着这些菌群的丰度升高,会提高一些植物病害发生的风险,从而增加溃疡病发生的复杂性和防治难度。在复杂的田间环境中,植物病害也可能是由不同病原微生物对单一寄主植物的协同作用引起的,从而导致病害严重程度的加剧[40]。因此,需警惕此情况发生。在今后的研究中,我们应关注溃疡病发生指数上升时果皮组织内细菌和真菌群落的动态变化,并特别重视与溃疡病发生紧密相关的潜在病原微生物或有益微生物。
本研究利用扩增子测序技术揭示了火龙果溃疡病相关果皮微生物群落种类和多样性。结果表明,在青皮果期,溃疡病发生初期,内生细菌和真菌群落的结构和多样性虽然有发生变化的趋势,但尚未达到显著水平。内生细菌和真菌的一些优势类群的比例发生了显著改变,从而可能会导致其功能发生变化,这些变化可能会促进溃疡病的发展,因此在溃疡病发生早期及时和有针对性地用药非常重要。
  • 广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026271)
  • 广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM05; 桂农科2023YT063)
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2024年第45卷第10期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.016
  • 接收时间:2024-01-08
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2024-10-25
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-08
  • 修回日期:2024-04-02
基金
广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026271)
广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2023YM05; 桂农科2023YT063)
作者信息
    1.广西壮族自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部华南果蔬绿色防控重点实验室/广西作物病虫害生物学重点实验室,广西南宁 530007
    2.广西大学农学院/植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,广西南宁 530004
    3.广西亚热带作物研究所,广西南宁 530001

通讯作者:

* 邹承武(ZOU Chengwu),E-mail:
朱桂宁(ZHU Guining),E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rdzwxb/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2024.10.016
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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