Article(id=1276618547291886071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756051200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1760976000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-10-21, onlineDate=1782299180100, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299180100, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299180100, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299180100, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3053, endPage=3058, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618547556127225, articleId=1276618547291886071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Differential Responses of Nutrient Status and Acidification in Granite-derived Soils to Rubber Plantations, Orchards and Eucalyptus Plantations in Danzhou, columnId=1237814980427444960, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Post-harvest Treatment & Agricultural Ecology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigated the differences in soil physicochemical properties under three different land-use types, eucalyptus forest, orchard and rubber plantation, developed from granite-derived soils in Danzhou city, Hainan province. The results demonstrated that land use significantly influenced soil nutrient and acidity characteristics: rubber plantation soils showed significantly higher organic matter and total nitrogen content compared to other land uses, but also the most severe acidification with exchangeable aluminum content approximately 3.06 and 3.53 times higher than that in eucalyptus forests and orchards; Orchard soils were characterized by abnormal phosphorus enrichment, with available phosphorus content about 5.62 and 10.46 times higher than that in rubber plantations and eucalyptus forests, respectively, accompanied by strong base cation leaching and the lowest cation exchange capacity (CEC); Soils in Eucalyptus forests exhibited intermediate properties with relatively milder acidification. In terms of soil structure, rubber plantations were dominated by >5 mm aggregates. Combined with its most severe acidification and highest exchangeable aluminum content, this aggregate distribution pattern may indicate poor stability of large aggregates under strong acid and high aluminum toxicity environments. Although rubber plantation soils had CEC values approximately 2.47 and 3.02 times higher than those in Eucalyptus forests and orchards, respectively, the base saturation was extremely low, reflecting a significant contradiction between nutrient retention capacity and actual fertility availability. This study preliminarily suggests that the accumulation of high organic matter in rubber plantation soils may be associated with substantial litter input from rubber trees, while strong acidification and high aluminum toxicity are likely driven by continuous nitrogen cycling processes. The phosphorus enrichment in orchards primarily results from long-term excessive phosphorus fertilization. These findings provide a scientific basis for soil management and acidification control in tropical granite-derived regions under different land-use types.

, authors=null, authorsList=Youxue YANG, Rui LI, Zhi LU, Haoran CHEN, Min WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Min WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618547904254459, articleId=1276618547291886071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=花岗岩母岩土壤养分与酸化对儋州橡胶园、果园和桉树林的差异化响应, columnId=1237016045714723050, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=采后处理与农业生态, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

本研究以海南省儋州市花岗岩母质发育的土壤为研究对象,比较桉树林、果园和橡胶园3种不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质的特征差异。结果表明:橡胶园土壤有机质和全氮含量显著高于其他利用方式,但酸化程度最为严重,交换性铝含量约为桉树林和果园的3.06倍和3.53倍。果园土壤有效磷含量显著富集,分别为橡胶园和桉树林的5.62倍和10.46倍,但盐基离子淋失强烈,阳离子交换量(CEC)最低。桉树林土壤各项指标总体处于中等水平。在结构组成方面,橡胶园土壤以>5 mm团聚体为主,结合其最强的酸化程度和最高的交换性铝含量,表明其>5 mm团聚体在强酸和高铝环境下稳定性较差。尽管橡胶园CEC分别约为桉树林和果园的2.47倍和3.02倍,但盐基饱和度极低,表明保肥能力与实际有效肥力之间存在矛盾。研究初步推断,橡胶园土壤中高有机质的积累可能与橡胶树凋落物大量输入有关,而强酸化与高铝毒现象则可能由持续的氮循环过程所驱动。果园磷富集主要源于长期过量施用磷肥。该研究结果可为热带花岗岩母岩区不同土地利用方式的土壤管理和酸化防控提供依据。

, authors=

养有学(1974—),男,大专,农艺师,研究方向:农业技术推广。

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* 吴敏(WU Min),E-mail:
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养有学(1974—),男,大专,农艺师,研究方向:农业技术推广。

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养有学(1974—),男,大专,农艺师,研究方向:农业技术推广。

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Changes in pH and exchangeable acidity at depths of red soils derived from 4 parent materials under 3 vegetations[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(23): 4818-4826. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Changes in pH and exchangeable acidity at depths of red soils derived from 4 parent materials under 3 vegetations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618565620994657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618547291886071, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=389, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=DUAN L G, SHENG H, YUAN H, ZHOU Q, LI Z W, journalName=Geoderma, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN L G, SHENG H, YUAN H, ZHOU Q, LI Z W. Land use conversion and lithology impacts soil aggregate stability in subtropical China[J]. 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Acidification of red soils and its control[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2000, 31(3): 111-113. 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Soil aggregates content under different land-use practices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
团聚体Aggregate桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
>5.000 mm20.99±11.68a29.41±20.98a53.76±18.70b
3.000~5.000 mm7.18±5.05a9.68±5.24a11.74±3.12a
2.000~3.000 mm3.26±2.59a4.82±3.28a4.19±1.39a
1.000~2.000 mm11.79±3.22a13.24±4.42a10.37±6.02a
0.500~1.000 mm30.47±15.41a19.82±10.21ab11.27±7.86b
0.250~1.000 mm12.86±6.38a11.32±8.20a4.70±7.87b
0.053~0.250 mm12.52±10.12a11.20±8.14a3.76±3.23b
<0.053 mm0.92±0.83a0.50±0.39a0.19±0.14b
), ArticleFig(id=1276618558553592371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618547291886071, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同土地利用方式的土壤团聚体含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
团聚体Aggregate桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
>5.000 mm20.99±11.68a29.41±20.98a53.76±18.70b
3.000~5.000 mm7.18±5.05a9.68±5.24a11.74±3.12a
2.000~3.000 mm3.26±2.59a4.82±3.28a4.19±1.39a
1.000~2.000 mm11.79±3.22a13.24±4.42a10.37±6.02a
0.500~1.000 mm30.47±15.41a19.82±10.21ab11.27±7.86b
0.250~1.000 mm12.86±6.38a11.32±8.20a4.70±7.87b
0.053~0.250 mm12.52±10.12a11.20±8.14a3.76±3.23b
<0.053 mm0.92±0.83a0.50±0.39a0.19±0.14b
), ArticleFig(id=1276618558633284148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618547291886071, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Soil nutrients content in response to different land uses

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养分指标Nutrient index桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
有机质/(g·kg-112.61±3.22a16.79±5.39ab17.96±3.69b
全氮/(g·kg-10.41±0.07a0.66±0.25b0.71±0.20b
全磷/(g·kg-10.05±0.03a0.05±0.04a0.04±0.01a
全钾/(g·kg-11.01±1.63a1.17±1.47a1.63±0.85a
碱解氮/(mg·kg-175.40±96.05a51.12±17.64a65.13±18.71a
铵态氮/(mg·kg-14.86±4.11a5.06±2.68a6.48±1.77a
硝态氮/(mg·kg-16.09±2.31a11.59±5.04a8.27±6.17a
有效磷/(mg·kg-14.19±2.53a43.82±28.81b7.80±14.27a
速效钾/(mg·kg-118.82±11.01a35.48±23.35a28.89±15.71a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618558729753141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618547291886071, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同土地利用方式的土壤养分含量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
养分指标Nutrient index桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
有机质/(g·kg-112.61±3.22a16.79±5.39ab17.96±3.69b
全氮/(g·kg-10.41±0.07a0.66±0.25b0.71±0.20b
全磷/(g·kg-10.05±0.03a0.05±0.04a0.04±0.01a
全钾/(g·kg-11.01±1.63a1.17±1.47a1.63±0.85a
碱解氮/(mg·kg-175.40±96.05a51.12±17.64a65.13±18.71a
铵态氮/(mg·kg-14.86±4.11a5.06±2.68a6.48±1.77a
硝态氮/(mg·kg-16.09±2.31a11.59±5.04a8.27±6.17a
有效磷/(mg·kg-14.19±2.53a43.82±28.81b7.80±14.27a
速效钾/(mg·kg-118.82±11.01a35.48±23.35a28.89±15.71a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618558805250614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618547291886071, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Soil acidity in response to different land uses

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酸度指标Acidity index桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
pH4.91±0.46a4.81±0.40a4.36±0.54a
交换性氢离子含量/(cmol·kg-11.32±1.13a0.73±0.72a2.46±0.98b
交换性铝离子含量/(cmol·kg-16.66±4.73a5.77±3.98a20.38±2.17b
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不同土地利用方式的土壤酸度

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酸度指标Acidity index桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
pH4.91±0.46a4.81±0.40a4.36±0.54a
交换性氢离子含量/(cmol·kg-11.32±1.13a0.73±0.72a2.46±0.98b
交换性铝离子含量/(cmol·kg-16.66±4.73a5.77±3.98a20.38±2.17b
), ArticleFig(id=1276618558973022776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618547291886071, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Soil exchangeable base cations content in response to different land uses

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交换性盐基Exchangeable base cation桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
交换性钾离子含量/(g·kg-10.58±0.84a0.94±0.81a0.43±0.42b
交换性钠离子含量/(g·kg-10.85±1.56a0.16±0.13b0.12±0.12b
交换性钙离子含量/(g·kg-10.08±0.04a0.14±0.08a0.11±0.07a
交换性镁离子含量/(g·kg-10.05±0.04a0.02±0.03a0.00±0.00a
CEC/(g·kg-19.52±4.80a7.78±3.90a23.51±12.30b
BS/%17.99±30.68a23.14±22.05a9.07±17.10a
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不同土地利用方式的土壤交换性盐基含量

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交换性盐基Exchangeable base cation桉树林Eucalyptus forest果园Orchard garden橡胶园Rubber plantation
交换性钾离子含量/(g·kg-10.58±0.84a0.94±0.81a0.43±0.42b
交换性钠离子含量/(g·kg-10.85±1.56a0.16±0.13b0.12±0.12b
交换性钙离子含量/(g·kg-10.08±0.04a0.14±0.08a0.11±0.07a
交换性镁离子含量/(g·kg-10.05±0.04a0.02±0.03a0.00±0.00a
CEC/(g·kg-19.52±4.80a7.78±3.90a23.51±12.30b
BS/%17.99±30.68a23.14±22.05a9.07±17.10a
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花岗岩母岩土壤养分与酸化对儋州橡胶园、果园和桉树林的差异化响应
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羊有学 1 , 李蕊 2 , 陆智 2 , 陈昊苒 2 , 吴敏 3, 4, *
热带作物学报 | 采后处理与农业生态 2025,46(12): 3053-3058
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热带作物学报 |采后处理与农业生态 2025 , 46 (12) : 3053 -3058
花岗岩母岩土壤养分与酸化对儋州橡胶园、果园和桉树林的差异化响应
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affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, 4, *, address=3.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Haikou Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Efficient Nutrient Utilization / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
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羊有学1, 李蕊2, 陆智2, 陈昊苒2, 吴敏3, 4, *
作者信息
  • 1.儋州市农林科学院,海南儋州 571700
  • 2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000
  • 3.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市土壤健康与养分资源高效利用重点实验室/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验,海南海口 571101
  • 4.农业农村部儋州野外综合科学观测研究站,海南儋州 571737
通讯作者:
* 吴敏(WU Min),E-mail:
Differential Responses of Nutrient Status and Acidification in Granite-derived Soils to Rubber Plantations, Orchards and Eucalyptus Plantations in Danzhou
Youxue YANG1, Rui LI2, Zhi LU2, Haoran CHEN2, Min WU3, 4, *
Affiliations
  • 1.Danzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571700, China
  • 2.College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu’er, Yunnan 665000, China
  • 3.Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Haikou Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Efficient Nutrient Utilization / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
  • 4.Danzhou Comprehensive Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.022
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本研究以海南省儋州市花岗岩母质发育的土壤为研究对象,比较桉树林、果园和橡胶园3种不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质的特征差异。结果表明:橡胶园土壤有机质和全氮含量显著高于其他利用方式,但酸化程度最为严重,交换性铝含量约为桉树林和果园的3.06倍和3.53倍。果园土壤有效磷含量显著富集,分别为橡胶园和桉树林的5.62倍和10.46倍,但盐基离子淋失强烈,阳离子交换量(CEC)最低。桉树林土壤各项指标总体处于中等水平。在结构组成方面,橡胶园土壤以>5 mm团聚体为主,结合其最强的酸化程度和最高的交换性铝含量,表明其>5 mm团聚体在强酸和高铝环境下稳定性较差。尽管橡胶园CEC分别约为桉树林和果园的2.47倍和3.02倍,但盐基饱和度极低,表明保肥能力与实际有效肥力之间存在矛盾。研究初步推断,橡胶园土壤中高有机质的积累可能与橡胶树凋落物大量输入有关,而强酸化与高铝毒现象则可能由持续的氮循环过程所驱动。果园磷富集主要源于长期过量施用磷肥。该研究结果可为热带花岗岩母岩区不同土地利用方式的土壤管理和酸化防控提供依据。

儋州  /  花岗岩  /  土地利用方式  /  土壤酸化  /  铝毒  /  养分

This study investigated the differences in soil physicochemical properties under three different land-use types, eucalyptus forest, orchard and rubber plantation, developed from granite-derived soils in Danzhou city, Hainan province. The results demonstrated that land use significantly influenced soil nutrient and acidity characteristics: rubber plantation soils showed significantly higher organic matter and total nitrogen content compared to other land uses, but also the most severe acidification with exchangeable aluminum content approximately 3.06 and 3.53 times higher than that in eucalyptus forests and orchards; Orchard soils were characterized by abnormal phosphorus enrichment, with available phosphorus content about 5.62 and 10.46 times higher than that in rubber plantations and eucalyptus forests, respectively, accompanied by strong base cation leaching and the lowest cation exchange capacity (CEC); Soils in Eucalyptus forests exhibited intermediate properties with relatively milder acidification. In terms of soil structure, rubber plantations were dominated by >5 mm aggregates. Combined with its most severe acidification and highest exchangeable aluminum content, this aggregate distribution pattern may indicate poor stability of large aggregates under strong acid and high aluminum toxicity environments. Although rubber plantation soils had CEC values approximately 2.47 and 3.02 times higher than those in Eucalyptus forests and orchards, respectively, the base saturation was extremely low, reflecting a significant contradiction between nutrient retention capacity and actual fertility availability. This study preliminarily suggests that the accumulation of high organic matter in rubber plantation soils may be associated with substantial litter input from rubber trees, while strong acidification and high aluminum toxicity are likely driven by continuous nitrogen cycling processes. The phosphorus enrichment in orchards primarily results from long-term excessive phosphorus fertilization. These findings provide a scientific basis for soil management and acidification control in tropical granite-derived regions under different land-use types.

Danzhou  /  granite  /  land use type  /  soil acidification  /  aluminum toxicity  /  nutrient
羊有学, 李蕊, 陆智, 陈昊苒, 吴敏. 花岗岩母岩土壤养分与酸化对儋州橡胶园、果园和桉树林的差异化响应. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3053 -3058 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.022
Youxue YANG, Rui LI, Zhi LU, Haoran CHEN, Min WU. Differential Responses of Nutrient Status and Acidification in Granite-derived Soils to Rubber Plantations, Orchards and Eucalyptus Plantations in Danzhou[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 3053 -3058 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.022
土地利用方式对植被-土壤系统的物质循环过程和土壤质量产生深远影响。砖红壤是我国西南热带雨林或季雨林地区的地带性土壤。海南省花岗岩母岩发育的砖红壤占土壤总面积的46.7%[1],位于该省西北部的儋州市(19°11′~19°52′N,108°56′~109°46′E)是该类土壤的典型分布区。近50 a来,该地区橡胶园面积从39 512 hm2扩张到101 175 hm2;果园种植面积也同步大幅增加[1-2],逐渐成为该区最主要的土地利用类型。诸多研究表明,土地利用方式的改变深刻影响土壤理化性质。例如,热带森林转为橡胶林后,土壤pH、有机碳氮含量等均发生显著变化[3-5],而果园经营常导致土壤有效磷富集和钾离子等盐基离子淋失[6-8]。喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式下土壤养分含量也同样存在差异[9-10]。除土壤酸度和养分含量外,不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体组成存在差异[11],天然植被(如森林)覆盖通常有利于土壤结构的形成与稳定[12-14]。然而,高强度的人为耕作或某些人工林(如桉树多代连栽)的经营,则可能加剧花岗岩红壤的结构退化[12]。土壤理化性质的差异除受土地利用方式影响外,也与气候、海拔及成土母质等因素密切相关[15-17]
然而,目前针对热带地区土地利用方式对土壤性质影响的研究仍存在一些不足。首先,多数研究侧重于单一土地利用类型,缺乏对桉树林、果园与橡胶园这3种典型方式的系统比较;其次,土壤酸化、铝毒效应与团聚体稳定性之间的耦合关系尚未得到充分探讨;此外,现有研究多集中于表层土壤,对0~40 cm剖面土层的系统性研究较为缺乏。因此,本研究以海南省儋州市花岗岩母质发育的土壤为研究对象,采集桉树林、果园和橡胶园0~40 cm土层的土壤样品,分析其养分含量、酸度指标及团聚体组成,旨在阐明3种土地利用方式下土壤关键理化性质的分异规律,揭示土地利用方式影响土壤质量的内在机制,为热带花岗岩母质区的土壤资源管理与酸化防控提供科学依据和实践建议。
在儋州市(19°11′~19°52′N,108°56′~109°46′E)选取桉树林、果园与橡胶园3种典型土地利用方式。所有样地均起源于相同的次生林背景,后经人为改造为现有利用方式。桉树林已经过5~6次砍伐,常规施肥管理;果园包括菠萝蜜、椰子、柠檬等多种果树,均采用常规施肥管理,磷肥施用量较高;橡胶园为种植超过40 a的二代胶园,管理过程中氮肥投入较多。所选各样地坡度、坡向、海拔基本一致,以减少地形因子的干扰。每种利用方式选择有代表性的样地5~10个,桉树林、果园和橡胶园样地分别为5、7、9个。在每个样地设置30 m×30 m的样方,在样方内按对角线法或梅花法布设取5个采样点,采样前先清除样点表面的枯枝落叶及其他杂物后,采集0~40 cm土层的土样,均匀混合后采用四分法按对角线取1500 g土样装袋。室内自然风干,制样待测。
土壤理化性质测定参照鲁如坤[18]的方法进行:土壤团聚体组成测定采用干筛法;有机质含量测定采用重铬酸钾氧化-外加热法;全氮含量测定采用凯氏定氮法;硝态氮和铵态氮含量测定采用1 mol/L KCl浸提-流动分析仪;全磷含量测定采用酸溶-钼锑抗比色法;全钾含量测定采用碱溶-火焰光度法;有效磷含量测定采用BrayⅠ提取-钼锑抗吸光光度法;速效钾含量测定采用乙酸铵提取-火焰光度法;交换性钾/钙/镁含量测定采用ICP-OES法;交换性钠含量测定采用火焰光度法;酸度指标含量测定采用pH电位法(土∶水=1∶2.5);交换性酸总量测定采用氯化钾交换-中和滴定法;交换性铝含量测定采用1 mol/L KCl提取-中和滴定法;阳离子交换量(CEC)测定采用乙酸钠法(pH 8.2);盐基饱和度(BS)=交换性盐基总量/CEC×100%。
采用Excel 2020软件和IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件进行试验数据处理与统计,采用单因素方差分析结合LSD法进行差异显著性检验(P<0.05为差异显著)。
干筛法获得的土壤团聚体组成结果见表1,土地利用方式的改变显著影响了土壤的结构稳定性。橡胶园的土壤结构与其他2种方式存在明显差异。具体而言,橡胶园土壤中>5 mm粒径的团聚体含量显著高于桉树林和果园(P<0.05),分别高出2.56倍和1.83倍。这表明橡胶园土壤在物理稳定性方面形成了最多的大型结构单元。相反,0.500~1.000 mm、0.250~1.000 mm、0.053~0.250 mm及<0.053 mm粒径的团聚体含量在橡胶园中最低,其中0.500~1.000 mm粒径团聚体含量仅为桉树林的36.98%和果园的56.86%。
表2可知,土壤养分指标在不同土地利用方式下表现出显著差异。橡胶园土壤有机质含量分别比桉树林和果园高出约42.24%和6.97%,全氮含量分别高出约73.17%和7.58%。果园土壤有效磷含量显著高于其他2种方式(P<0.05),分别为橡胶园的5.62倍和桉树林的10.46倍。其余养分指标在不同土地利用方式间均无显著差异。
土壤酸度指标在不同土地利用方式下呈显著差异(表3)。橡胶园土壤pH最低,分别比桉树林和果园低约0.55和0.45个单位。此外,橡胶园土壤交换性氢离子含量分别为桉树林和果园的1.86倍和3.37倍,交换性铝离子含量分别为桉树林和果园的3.06倍和3.53倍。桉树林与果园的酸度指标无显著差异。
土壤交换性盐基离子及阳离子交换量在不同土地利用方式下表现出特定的分异特征(表4)。橡胶园的阳离子交换量显著高于其他2种方式(P<0.05),分别为桉树林和果园的2.47倍和3.02倍。桉树林土壤交换性钠含量显著高于果园和橡胶园(P<0.05),分别为后二者的5.31倍和7.08倍。其余盐基离子指标及盐基饱和度在不同土地利用方式间无显著差异。
本研究揭示了儋州市花岗岩母岩区不同土地利用方式下土壤性质的显著差异,这些差异反映了人为干扰下土壤质量演变的不同路径和机制。通过与现有研究的对比,可发现本研究区表现出独特的响应特征,这些特征既受土地利用方式的强烈影响,也与区域成土母岩和气候条件密切相关。
本研究表明,土地利用方式显著改变了土壤团聚体组成。橡胶园土壤表现出>5 mm团聚体含量显著高于其他2种利用方式的特征。这一现象可能与橡胶树庞大的根系分布及其凋落物输入特性有关[19],其在成土过程中对土壤结构的塑造作用明显不同于桉树林和果园。然而,在强酸性和高铝离子浓度的环境中,大团聚体的稳定性可能受到不利影响[11, 20]。尽管橡胶园土壤表现出较高的大团聚体比例,但其在酸性环境下的长期稳定性仍需进一步评估。这一发现与DUAN等[21]的研究结果存在部分一致性,即土地利用类型对土壤团聚体稳定性的影响显著。
不同土地利用方式下土壤养分含量表现出显著差异。橡胶园土壤具有较高的有机质和全氮含量,这很可能与橡胶树丰富的凋落物归还及其独特的氮循环特征密切相关[4, 19]。相比之下,果园土壤表现出明显的有效磷富集现象,这归因于果园管理中长期过量施用磷肥[7-8]。橡胶园土壤具有较高的养分储量,但在强酸性环境下这些养分的有效性和可利用性将会受到限制[6],这体现了养分积累与实际有效性之间的复杂关系。
土地利用方式对土壤酸化程度产生了显著影响,其中橡胶园土壤表现出较为严重的酸化现象。这种强烈的酸化状况可能源于多个因素的共同作用:一方面,橡胶树生长过程中的氮循环可能产生酸性物质[4];另一方面,橡胶园管理措施可能加速了盐基离子的淋失过程[6, 22]。土壤酸化与铝离子活化之间存在密切的关联性[20, 22],本研究结果显示,随着酸化程度的加剧,交换性铝离子含量也相应增加,这种协同效应可能对植物生长和土壤生态系统健康产生重要影响。
本研究发现,不同土地利用方式显著影响土壤的阳离子交换性能。橡胶园土壤表现出较高的阳离子交换量,表明其具有相对较强的养分保持潜力。然而,其盐基饱和度却处于较低水平,这一矛盾现象揭示了土壤保肥能力与实际肥力状况之间的不一致性[6]。造成这种情况的主要原因可能是在强酸性环境下,大量的交换位点被氢离子和铝离子所占据[20, 22],从而限制了土壤中盐基离子的保持。
综合分析表明,土地利用方式通过改变植被类型、凋落物特性和管理措施等途径,综合影响土壤理化性质。本研究发现,橡胶园土壤表现出最强的酸化特征(pH 4.36)和最高的交换性铝含量(20.38 cmol/kg),这与橡胶树的特殊生态系统过程密切相关[4]。果园土壤的有效磷显著富集(43.82 mg/kg),反映了长期过量施用磷肥对土壤养分状况的明显影响[7]
与喀斯特地区相比[9-10],花岗岩母质土壤对土地利用方式变化的响应表现出独特特征。石灰岩母质土壤通常具有较高的盐基饱和度,而本研究区3种土地利用方式下土壤均表现出较强的酸化趋势和较低的盐基饱和度,体现了成土母质的基础控制作用。
基于研究结果,建议采取差异化土壤管理措施:橡胶园重点防控土壤酸化和铝毒,果园需优化磷肥管理并补充盐基离子,桉树林则可作为区域生态可持续管理的参考。这些建议为热带花岗岩母质区的土壤可持续利用提供科学依据。
土地利用方式显著影响儋州花岗岩母质土壤的理化性质。橡胶园呈现高有机质、高氮与强酸化、高铝毒的特征;果园以有效磷富集和盐基淋失为特点;桉树林各项指标总体居中。橡胶园土壤以大团聚体为主,但在强酸和高铝环境下结构稳定性可能降低,养分保持能力与实际有效肥力之间存在矛盾。果园磷富集主要与长期过量施磷有关,而橡胶园强酸化可能与氮循环驱动的盐基离子耗竭相关。本研究基于空间采样数据,缺乏长期定位观测,对土壤性质动态演变过程的揭示仍显不足。未来需结合长期田间试验,从微生物机制和元素循环过程等维度,深入解析土地利用方式影响土壤质量的内在机理。
  • 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022025002)
  • 中国热带农业科学院国家农业科学中心科技创新团体(CATASCXTD202303)
  • 儋州市(含洋浦)2022年农药化肥减量增效项目-推广测土配方施肥技术项目
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.022
  • 接收时间:2025-08-25
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-25
  • 录用日期:2025-10-21
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1630022025002)
中国热带农业科学院国家农业科学中心科技创新团体(CATASCXTD202303)
儋州市(含洋浦)2022年农药化肥减量增效项目-推广测土配方施肥技术项目
作者信息
    1.儋州市农林科学院,海南儋州 571700
    2.云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱 665000
    3.中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/海口市土壤健康与养分资源高效利用重点实验室/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验,海南海口 571101
    4.农业农村部儋州野外综合科学观测研究站,海南儋州 571737

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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