Article(id=1276618511178928351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.016, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754323200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1756310400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-28, onlineDate=1782299171490, onlineDateStr=2026-06-24, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782299171490, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-24, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782299171490, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782299171490, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276618341674520821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, year='2025', volume='46', issue='12', pageStart='2817', pageEnd='3084', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1766592000000', pubDateStr='2025-12-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782299131077, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782299208862, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276618668385637093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, issueId=1276618341674520821, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2984, endPage=2994, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276618511585775841, articleId=1276618511178928351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=EN, title=Component Analysis and Potential Antifungal Active Compound Screening of Non-volatile Metabolites of Trichoderma FJ059 Against Southern Blight in Camellia oleifera, columnId=1236292524264968282, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, columnName=Plant Protection & Bio-safety, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil crop in southern China. Due to its generally weak disease resistance, it is susceptible to various diseases, among which southern stem blight is one of the major threats to its production. This study systematically screened and analyzed the non-volatile metabolites produced by Trichoderma semiorbis FJ059 with antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of southern blight in C. oleifera, and identified the potential antifungal components. The antagonistic effects of non-volatile metabolites produced in different solid-state fermentation media were compared using the growth rate method of mycelia. Results indicated that rice was the optimal substrate, yielding the highest antagonistic effect (99.61%). The solid-state fermentation products in rice media were extracted using different solvents. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited significantly higher inhibition activity than the aqueous extract. When the concentration was 500 μg/mL, the inhibition rates was 98.84% and 44.18%, respectively, indicating that the solvent selection play a vital role in the extraction of active compounds. LC-MS analysis identified several key active substances in the ethyl acetate extract, including nootkatone, caryophyllene oxide, farnesol, pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, and trans-ferulic acid, all of which demonstrated significant antagonistic effects against S. rolfsii. Notably, the inhibition rate of 200 μg/mL nootkatone and 300 μg/mL caryophyllene oxide were both 100%, while 400 μg/mL farnesol, 400 μg/mL pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, and 400 μg/mL trans-ferulic acid were 78.30%, 69.38% and 69.77%, respectively. The results indicated that medium-polarity or hydrophobic small molecules in the solid-state fermentation products of T. semiorbis FJ059 were potential antifungal components. The results indicated that the medium-polarity or hydrophobic small molecules detected in the ethyl acetate extract of solid-state fermented T. semiorbis FJ059 were closely associated with antifungal activity, suggesting that the ethyl acetate extract may enrich certain compounds with antifungal potential. The findings would provide new theoretical support and bioactive compound resources for the development of novel and efficient biocontrol agents against southern blight in C. oleifera.

, authors=null, authorsList=Jingjie PU, Yantong HU, Tong LIU, Weiwei WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Weiwei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276618514064609522, articleId=1276618511178928351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, language=CN, title=木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物拮抗油茶白绢病菌的潜在抑菌成分筛选与活性分析, columnId=1236292524520820846, journalTitle=热带作物学报, columnName=植物保护与生物安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

油茶(Camellia oleifera)是中国南方地区重要的木本油料作物,油茶抗病能力普遍较弱,受多种病害侵袭,油茶白绢病为影响油茶生产的主要病害之一。本研究对木霉FJ059固体发酵产物中对油茶白绢病菌具有拮抗作用的非挥发性代谢产物及其潜在抑菌活性成分进行了系统分析与筛选。采用生长速率法比较不同固体发酵培养基下木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物的抑菌率,结果显示大米为培养基质的代谢产物的抑菌率最高,达到99.61%;使用不同提取溶剂对大米固体发酵物进行提取,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性显著高于相同浓度的水相提取物,当浓度为500 μg/mL时抑制率分别为98.84%和44.18%,表明不同的溶剂对有效抑菌活性成分的提取有重要影响。通过LC-MS分析鉴定,发现乙酸乙酯提取物中,努特卡酮、石竹素、法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸和阿魏酸等化合物对油茶白绢病菌具有显著抑制作用,其中200 μg/mL努特卡酮和300 μg/mL石竹素的抑菌率达到100%,浓度400 μg/mL的法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸和阿魏酸抑菌率分别为78.30%、69.38%、69.77%。结果表明,木霉FJ059固体发酵乙酸乙酯提取物中检测到的中等极性或疏水性的小分子化合物与抑菌活性密切相关,提示乙酸乙酯提取物可能富集部分具有抑菌潜力的化合物,为油茶白绢病开发新型高效生防菌剂提供新的理论依据和活性物质资源。

, authors=

蒲景洁(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:油茶白绢病生物防治。

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* 王伟伟(WANG Weiwei),E-mail:
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蒲景洁(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:油茶白绢病生物防治。

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蒲景洁(2001—),女,硕士研究生,研究方向:油茶白绢病生物防治。

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Isolation and identification of active ingredients from high wuyiencin-producing genetically engineered strain Streptomyces albulus OoWysR, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618525166932322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=47, issue=2, pageStart=292, pageEnd=297, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=44, authorNames=温承坤, 李琴, 蔡开云, 陈萍, 郭婷婷, 陈茂彬, journalName=食品与发酵工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=温承坤, 李琴, 蔡开云, 陈萍, 郭婷婷, 陈茂彬. 阿魏酸酯酶功能特性及应用概述[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2021, 47(2): 292-297., articleTitle=阿魏酸酯酶功能特性及应用概述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1276618525246624099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=47, issue=2, pageStart=292, pageEnd=297, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=WEN C K, LI Q, CAI K Y, CHEN P, GUO T T, CHEN M B, journalName=Food and Fermentation Industries, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEN C K, LI Q, CAI K Y, CHEN P, GUO T T, CHEN M B. The functional characteristics and application of ferulic acid esterase[J]. Food and Fermentation Industries, 2021, 47(2): 292-297. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The functional characteristics and application of ferulic acid esterase, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1276618521673077045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, awardId=32560674, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32560674), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276618514379182324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514387570933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514379182324, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514395959542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514379182324, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院、乡村振兴学院),海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276618514463068407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514467262712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514463068407, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514475651321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514463068407, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口 570228)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1276618519039054109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Antifungal activity assay of non-volatile metabolites from Trichoderma FJ059 under different solid-state fermentation media, figureFileSmall=qdarPymPz16HbD/qqT5U4A==, figureFileBig=aZALpnOzplCig1ACJXD0tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618519391375646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同固体发酵培养基下木霉FJ059的非挥发性代谢产物抑菌试验

A:CK;B:未经发酵的木霉FJ059;C:大米;D:燕麦粉;E:麦麸;F:小麦秸秆;G:黄豆粉;H:玉米秸秆;I:稻壳;J:玉米粉。

, figureFileSmall=qdarPymPz16HbD/qqT5U4A==, figureFileBig=aZALpnOzplCig1ACJXD0tg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618519580119327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts from rice solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma FJ059 against S. rolfsii, figureFileSmall=yrnLONsUljm2vvI1sVTG0w==, figureFileBig=s96ofgteNstFGvVspGx5pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618519819194656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=图2, caption=木霉FJ059大米固体发酵水相提取物对白绢病菌的抑制作用, figureFileSmall=yrnLONsUljm2vvI1sVTG0w==, figureFileBig=s96ofgteNstFGvVspGx5pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618519898886433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Inhibitory effect of ethyl acetate extracts from rice solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma FJ059 against S. rolfsii, figureFileSmall=/Nh28GxMOgoWorUwOahi/w==, figureFileBig=mrZKTAXFSDbL+s/3gxgNAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618519957606690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=图3, caption=木霉FJ059大米固体发酵乙酸乙酯提取物对油茶白绢病菌的抑制作用, figureFileSmall=/Nh28GxMOgoWorUwOahi/w==, figureFileBig=mrZKTAXFSDbL+s/3gxgNAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618520024715555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=TIC and super class distribution pie chart of Trichoderma FJ059 ethyl acetate extract under positive and negative ion modes, figureFileSmall=J4UG2n/upJfvCUZn1fRkOQ==, figureFileBig=afsrbOma5haDnw7hBDnUww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618520238625060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=图4, caption=木霉FJ059乙酸乙酯提取物在LC-MS正负离子模式的总离子流图和一级分类饼图

A、B:负离子模式;C、D:正离子模式。

, figureFileSmall=J4UG2n/upJfvCUZn1fRkOQ==, figureFileBig=afsrbOma5haDnw7hBDnUww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618520288956709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Inhibitory effects of fifteen compounds against S. rolfsii, figureFileSmall=JmOf293DOcLjXjnxuBP0dA==, figureFileBig=bfJGzJgrizxjf0fk3miJ9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618520360259878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=图5, caption=15种化合物对白绢病菌的抑制作用

A:空白对照;B:阴性对照;C:乙酸乙酯提取物;D:石竹素;E:努特卡酮;F:法呢醇;G:吡咯-2-羧酸;H:阿魏酸;I:青蒿素;J:2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇;K:小檗碱;L:烟酰胺;M:4-羟基苯甲酸;N:甜菜碱;O:秦皮乙素;P:3,4-二羟基苯甲醛;Q:咖啡酸;R:羟基酪醇。

, figureFileSmall=JmOf293DOcLjXjnxuBP0dA==, figureFileBig=bfJGzJgrizxjf0fk3miJ9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618520427368743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Inhibitory effects of different concentrations of antagonistic compounds on S. rolfsii, figureFileSmall=hcLbDCqFr8kMFUwD0frr0A==, figureFileBig=uRuLtBIa63CTPSfl+gtqBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618520511254824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=图6, caption=拮抗化合物不同浓度对白绢病菌的抑制作用, figureFileSmall=hcLbDCqFr8kMFUwD0frr0A==, figureFileBig=uRuLtBIa63CTPSfl+gtqBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1276618520699998505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Tab. 1, caption=

Inhibition rates of non-volatile metabolites from Trichoderma FJ059 under different solid-state fermentation media

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
培养基Medium菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%培养基Medium菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.57±0.03小麦秸秆3.37±0.07d60.99±0.77d
未经发酵的木霉FJ0593.73±0.03de56.74±0.39de黄豆粉4.10±0.06e52.49±0.67e
大米0.03±0.03a99.61±0.39a玉米秸秆4.63±0.18ef46.31±2.15ef
燕麦粉1.50±0.06b82.62±0.67b稻壳4.80±0.15f44.38±1.77f
麦麸2.73±0.18c68.33±2.15c玉米粉4.93±0.17f42.84±1.93f
), ArticleFig(id=1276618520775495978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同固体发酵培养基下木霉FJ059的非挥发性代谢产物抑菌率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
培养基Medium菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%培养基Medium菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.57±0.03小麦秸秆3.37±0.07d60.99±0.77d
未经发酵的木霉FJ0593.73±0.03de56.74±0.39de黄豆粉4.10±0.06e52.49±0.67e
大米0.03±0.03a99.61±0.39a玉米秸秆4.63±0.18ef46.31±2.15ef
燕麦粉1.50±0.06b82.62±0.67b稻壳4.80±0.15f44.38±1.77f
麦麸2.73±0.18c68.33±2.15c玉米粉4.93±0.17f42.84±1.93f
), ArticleFig(id=1276618520850993451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Tab. 2, caption=

Inhibition rate of aqueous extracts from rice solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma FJ059 against S. rolfsii

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度Concentration/(μg·mL–1菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%浓度Concentration/(μg·mL–1菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.60±0.003006.90±0.13b19.38±1.15b
508.60±0.00c0.00±0.00c4006.74±0.03b21.70±0.39b
1007.70±0.03c10.85±0.39c5004.80±0.06a44.18±0.67a
2007.50±0.15c12.78±1.78c
), ArticleFig(id=1276618520918102316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

木霉FJ059大米固体发酵水相提取物对白绢病菌的抑菌率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度Concentration/(μg·mL–1菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%浓度Concentration/(μg·mL–1菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.60±0.003006.90±0.13b19.38±1.15b
508.60±0.00c0.00±0.00c4006.74±0.03b21.70±0.39b
1007.70±0.03c10.85±0.39c5004.80±0.06a44.18±0.67a
2007.50±0.15c12.78±1.78c
), ArticleFig(id=1276618520989405485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Tab. 3, caption=

Inhibition rate of ethyl acetate extracts from rice solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma FJ059 against S. rolfsii

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度Concentration/(μg·mL-1菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.60±0.00
NC8.60±0.00
508.60±0.00f0.00±0.00f
1007.23±0.09e15.89±1.02e
2003.97±0.07d53.87±0.83d
3002.37±0.07c72.48±0.76c
4001.20±0.06b86.04±0.69b
5000.10±0.10a98.84±1.44a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618521048125742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

木霉FJ059大米固体发酵乙酸乙酯提取物对油茶白绢病菌的抑菌率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浓度Concentration/(μg·mL-1菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.60±0.00
NC8.60±0.00
508.60±0.00f0.00±0.00f
1007.23±0.09e15.89±1.02e
2003.97±0.07d53.87±0.83d
3002.37±0.07c72.48±0.76c
4001.20±0.06b86.04±0.69b
5000.10±0.10a98.84±1.44a
), ArticleFig(id=1276618521136206127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Tab. 4, caption=

Fifteen compounds with potential antimicrobial activity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物Compound分子式Formula质荷比m/z质量误差Mass error(×10-6保留时间RT/min分类Super class峰面积值Peak area
石竹素C15H24O221.1900.1037.449Lipids and lipid-like molecules214 295 703.50
努特卡酮C15H22O219.1740.0306.658Lipids and lipid-like molecules61 978 074.16
法呢醇C15H26O205.1950.8086.972Lipids and lipid-like molecules1 860 034 561.00
吡咯-2-羧酸C5H5NO2110.0253.2075.436Organoheterocyclic compounds99 486 504.05
阿魏酸C10H10O4177.0550.5305.695Phenylpropanoids and polyketides1 485 024 613.00
青蒿素C15H22O5265.1430.4196.252Lipids and lipid-like molecules6 537 138 865.00
2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇C8H10O2183.0672.2785.683Benzenoids233 128 862.90
小檗碱 336.1230.9695.660Alkaloids and derivatives59 563 960.30
秦皮乙素C9H6O4177.0202.7605.485Phenylpropanoids and polyketides2 195 125 394.00
3,4-二羟基苯甲醛C7H6O3137.0253.1925.400Organic oxygen compounds469 268 600.60
甜菜碱C5H12NO2140.0680.0901.455Organic acids and derivatives67 149 190.77
烟酰胺C6H6N2O123.0550.9302.000Organoheterocyclic compounds2 135 293 339.00
羟基酪醇C8H10O3153.0563.2195.214Benzenoids874 783 452.90
咖啡酸C9H8O4179.0352.4095.529Phenylpropanoids and polyketides338 501 898.40
4-羟基苯甲酸C7H6O3137.0252.6226.089Benzenoids265 357 296.80
), ArticleFig(id=1276618521207509296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

15种具有潜在抑菌活性的化合物

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物Compound分子式Formula质荷比m/z质量误差Mass error(×10-6保留时间RT/min分类Super class峰面积值Peak area
石竹素C15H24O221.1900.1037.449Lipids and lipid-like molecules214 295 703.50
努特卡酮C15H22O219.1740.0306.658Lipids and lipid-like molecules61 978 074.16
法呢醇C15H26O205.1950.8086.972Lipids and lipid-like molecules1 860 034 561.00
吡咯-2-羧酸C5H5NO2110.0253.2075.436Organoheterocyclic compounds99 486 504.05
阿魏酸C10H10O4177.0550.5305.695Phenylpropanoids and polyketides1 485 024 613.00
青蒿素C15H22O5265.1430.4196.252Lipids and lipid-like molecules6 537 138 865.00
2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇C8H10O2183.0672.2785.683Benzenoids233 128 862.90
小檗碱 336.1230.9695.660Alkaloids and derivatives59 563 960.30
秦皮乙素C9H6O4177.0202.7605.485Phenylpropanoids and polyketides2 195 125 394.00
3,4-二羟基苯甲醛C7H6O3137.0253.1925.400Organic oxygen compounds469 268 600.60
甜菜碱C5H12NO2140.0680.0901.455Organic acids and derivatives67 149 190.77
烟酰胺C6H6N2O123.0550.9302.000Organoheterocyclic compounds2 135 293 339.00
羟基酪醇C8H10O3153.0563.2195.214Benzenoids874 783 452.90
咖啡酸C9H8O4179.0352.4095.529Phenylpropanoids and polyketides338 501 898.40
4-羟基苯甲酸C7H6O3137.0252.6226.089Benzenoids265 357 296.80
), ArticleFig(id=1276618521274618161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Tab. 5, caption=

Inhibitory rate of fifteen compounds against S. rolfsii

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物Compound菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.60±0.00
NC8.60±0.03
乙酸乙酯提取物1.20±0.06ab86.04±0.67ab
石竹素0.00±0.00a100.00±0.00a
努特卡酮0.00±0.00a100.00±0.00a
法呢醇1.70±0.31b80.19±3.57b
吡咯-2-羧酸2.64±0.24bc69.34±2.84bc
阿魏酸3.03±0.37c64.73±4.32c
青蒿素5.80±0.51d32.50±5.93d
2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇6.44±0.09de25.16±1.02de
4-羟基苯甲酸6.87±0.22de20.08±2.51de
烟酰胺7.62±0.33e11.36±3.92e
咖啡酸7.64±0.03e11.12±0.39e
秦皮乙素7.68±0.32e10.74±3.70e
羟基酪醇7.74±0.12e10.00±1.42e
3,4-二羟基苯甲醛7.98±0.12e7.21±1.36e
甜菜碱8.30±0.10e3.53±1.20e
小檗碱8.47±0.03e1.48±0.43e
), ArticleFig(id=1276618521345921330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

15种化合物对油茶白绢病菌的抑制率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物Compound菌落直径Colony diameter/cm抑菌率Inhibition rate/%
CK8.60±0.00
NC8.60±0.03
乙酸乙酯提取物1.20±0.06ab86.04±0.67ab
石竹素0.00±0.00a100.00±0.00a
努特卡酮0.00±0.00a100.00±0.00a
法呢醇1.70±0.31b80.19±3.57b
吡咯-2-羧酸2.64±0.24bc69.34±2.84bc
阿魏酸3.03±0.37c64.73±4.32c
青蒿素5.80±0.51d32.50±5.93d
2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇6.44±0.09de25.16±1.02de
4-羟基苯甲酸6.87±0.22de20.08±2.51de
烟酰胺7.62±0.33e11.36±3.92e
咖啡酸7.64±0.03e11.12±0.39e
秦皮乙素7.68±0.32e10.74±3.70e
羟基酪醇7.74±0.12e10.00±1.42e
3,4-二羟基苯甲醛7.98±0.12e7.21±1.36e
甜菜碱8.30±0.10e3.53±1.20e
小檗碱8.47±0.03e1.48±0.43e
), ArticleFig(id=1276618521488527667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=EN, label=Tab. 6, caption=

Logit regression equations and toxicity parameters of antagonistic compounds

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物Compound回归方程Regression equation决定系数r2半最大效应浓度EC50/(μg·mL–190%有效浓度EC90/(μg·mL–1
乙酸乙酯提取物y=6.8211x–15.62960.881195.593410.652
石竹素y=6.5041x–13.81210.968132.923289.349
努特卡酮y=6.9526x–13.72891.00094.324195.276
法呢醇y=2.7538x–6.37410.931206.3821295.869
吡咯-2-羧酸y=5.3947x–13.21990.987282.177720.799
阿魏酸y=3.3423x–7.65400.985194.995885.966
), ArticleFig(id=1276618521572413748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

拮抗化合物的Logit回归方程及毒力参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物Compound回归方程Regression equation决定系数r2半最大效应浓度EC50/(μg·mL–190%有效浓度EC90/(μg·mL–1
乙酸乙酯提取物y=6.8211x–15.62960.881195.593410.652
石竹素y=6.5041x–13.81210.968132.923289.349
努特卡酮y=6.9526x–13.72891.00094.324195.276
法呢醇y=2.7538x–6.37410.931206.3821295.869
吡咯-2-羧酸y=5.3947x–13.21990.987282.177720.799
阿魏酸y=3.3423x–7.65400.985194.995885.966
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木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物拮抗油茶白绢病菌的潜在抑菌成分筛选与活性分析
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蒲景洁 1 , 胡言佟 1 , 刘铜 1 , 王伟伟 1, 2, *
热带作物学报 | 植物保护与生物安全 2025,46(12): 2984-2994
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热带作物学报 |植物保护与生物安全 2025 , 46 (12) : 2984 -2994
木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物拮抗油茶白绢病菌的潜在抑菌成分筛选与活性分析
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2.海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口 570228, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1276618514379182324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514387570933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514379182324, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514395959542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514379182324, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院、乡村振兴学院),海南海口 570228)]), AuthorCompany(id=1276618514463068407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514467262712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514463068407, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1276618514475651321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1235980609244409860, articleId=1276618511178928351, companyId=1276618514463068407, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口 570228)])])]
蒲景洁1, 胡言佟1, 刘铜1, 王伟伟1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院、乡村振兴学院),海南海口 570228
  • 2.海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口 570228
通讯作者:
* 王伟伟(WANG Weiwei),E-mail:
Component Analysis and Potential Antifungal Active Compound Screening of Non-volatile Metabolites of Trichoderma FJ059 Against Southern Blight in Camellia oleifera
Jingjie PU1, Yantong HU1, Tong LIU1, Weiwei WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Tropical Special Ornamental Plants of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.016
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油茶(Camellia oleifera)是中国南方地区重要的木本油料作物,油茶抗病能力普遍较弱,受多种病害侵袭,油茶白绢病为影响油茶生产的主要病害之一。本研究对木霉FJ059固体发酵产物中对油茶白绢病菌具有拮抗作用的非挥发性代谢产物及其潜在抑菌活性成分进行了系统分析与筛选。采用生长速率法比较不同固体发酵培养基下木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物的抑菌率,结果显示大米为培养基质的代谢产物的抑菌率最高,达到99.61%;使用不同提取溶剂对大米固体发酵物进行提取,乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌活性显著高于相同浓度的水相提取物,当浓度为500 μg/mL时抑制率分别为98.84%和44.18%,表明不同的溶剂对有效抑菌活性成分的提取有重要影响。通过LC-MS分析鉴定,发现乙酸乙酯提取物中,努特卡酮、石竹素、法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸和阿魏酸等化合物对油茶白绢病菌具有显著抑制作用,其中200 μg/mL努特卡酮和300 μg/mL石竹素的抑菌率达到100%,浓度400 μg/mL的法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸和阿魏酸抑菌率分别为78.30%、69.38%、69.77%。结果表明,木霉FJ059固体发酵乙酸乙酯提取物中检测到的中等极性或疏水性的小分子化合物与抑菌活性密切相关,提示乙酸乙酯提取物可能富集部分具有抑菌潜力的化合物,为油茶白绢病开发新型高效生防菌剂提供新的理论依据和活性物质资源。

木霉  /  固体发酵  /  非挥发性代谢产物  /  油茶  /  白绢病  /  生物防治

Camellia oleifera is an important woody oil crop in southern China. Due to its generally weak disease resistance, it is susceptible to various diseases, among which southern stem blight is one of the major threats to its production. This study systematically screened and analyzed the non-volatile metabolites produced by Trichoderma semiorbis FJ059 with antagonistic activity against Sclerotium rolfsii, the causal agent of southern blight in C. oleifera, and identified the potential antifungal components. The antagonistic effects of non-volatile metabolites produced in different solid-state fermentation media were compared using the growth rate method of mycelia. Results indicated that rice was the optimal substrate, yielding the highest antagonistic effect (99.61%). The solid-state fermentation products in rice media were extracted using different solvents. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited significantly higher inhibition activity than the aqueous extract. When the concentration was 500 μg/mL, the inhibition rates was 98.84% and 44.18%, respectively, indicating that the solvent selection play a vital role in the extraction of active compounds. LC-MS analysis identified several key active substances in the ethyl acetate extract, including nootkatone, caryophyllene oxide, farnesol, pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, and trans-ferulic acid, all of which demonstrated significant antagonistic effects against S. rolfsii. Notably, the inhibition rate of 200 μg/mL nootkatone and 300 μg/mL caryophyllene oxide were both 100%, while 400 μg/mL farnesol, 400 μg/mL pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, and 400 μg/mL trans-ferulic acid were 78.30%, 69.38% and 69.77%, respectively. The results indicated that medium-polarity or hydrophobic small molecules in the solid-state fermentation products of T. semiorbis FJ059 were potential antifungal components. The results indicated that the medium-polarity or hydrophobic small molecules detected in the ethyl acetate extract of solid-state fermented T. semiorbis FJ059 were closely associated with antifungal activity, suggesting that the ethyl acetate extract may enrich certain compounds with antifungal potential. The findings would provide new theoretical support and bioactive compound resources for the development of novel and efficient biocontrol agents against southern blight in C. oleifera.

Trichoderma spp.  /  solid-state fermentation  /  non-volatile metabolites  /  Camellia oleifera  /  southern blight  /  biological control
蒲景洁, 胡言佟, 刘铜, 王伟伟. 木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物拮抗油茶白绢病菌的潜在抑菌成分筛选与活性分析. 热带作物学报, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2984 -2994 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.016
Jingjie PU, Yantong HU, Tong LIU, Weiwei WANG. Component Analysis and Potential Antifungal Active Compound Screening of Non-volatile Metabolites of Trichoderma FJ059 Against Southern Blight in Camellia oleifera[J]. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops, 2025 , 46 (12) : 2984 -2994 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.016
油茶白绢病是一种由齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)引起的真菌性病害[1],主要危害苗木的茎基部或根颈部[2],该真菌性病害在我国南方油茶种植区的发病率较高,染病苗木平均死亡率为22.6%,严重时苗木死亡率最高可达50.0%[3]。目前化学农药仍是有效的病害防治措施,但长此以往导致环境质量恶化、病原菌抗药性增强以及农药残留超标等问题[4]。生物防治优先选用天然微生物和生物制剂,有效遏制病原菌的扩散与危害,是当前农业绿色发展的重要方向之一[5]
木霉菌是生物防治常用的生防菌,广泛存在于土壤和植物根际,能够有效地定殖于植物根部及其周围组织,木霉菌能够产生多种具有抑菌活性的非挥发性代谢产物,如聚酮类、生物碱、萜类化合物等,有效抵抗病原菌[6],并通过竞争、重寄生等作用,直接抑制病原菌的生长,还可以诱导植物的系统性抗病[7]T. semiorbis FJ059是南瓜根际分离获得的生防菌株,对荔枝霜霉病病原菌表现出较强的拮抗活性[8]。长枝木霉菌株T6发酵液的代谢产物,能显著抑制立枯丝核菌的生长,抑菌效果随浓度增加而增强,在600 μg/mL浓度下抑制率达71.92%[9]
目前大量关于木霉拮抗真菌活性的研究,多停留在菌株层面的拮抗评价,但对于其中非挥发性代谢物的具体成分分析与活性评估较少。本研究以油茶白绢病为对象,对拮抗木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物进行研究。通过固体发酵培养木霉FJ059,采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS)系统分析其非挥发性代谢产物的组成,对代谢产物进行了潜在抑菌活性成分的筛选与评估,结果发现部分代谢产物对白绢病菌具有强拮抗作用,揭示木霉FJ059在油茶白绢病生物防治中的应用潜力,为复合生防菌剂的开发奠定理论基础。
木霉(T. semiorbis)菌株FJ059为前期分离、保存,油茶白绢病菌(S. rolfsii Sacc.)由海南省绿色农用生物制剂工程研究中心提供。木霉FJ059、油茶白绢病菌于28 ℃恒温培养,木霉FJ059用25%液体甘油保存于-20 ℃冰箱中,油茶白绢病菌使用斜面试管保存于4 ℃冰箱内。
固体发酵所需培养基质为大米、燕麦粉、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、玉米粉、麦麸、稻壳和黄豆粉,均购自农贸市场,于室温储藏备用。
PDA培养基:取去皮马铃薯200 g,加入1 mL去离子水,煮30 min,过滤出浸出液,加入葡萄糖20 g,琼脂粉20 g,用去离子水定容至1 L后灭菌。
PD培养基:取去皮马铃薯200 g,加入1 mL去离子水,煮30 min,过滤出浸出液,加入葡萄糖20 g,用去离子水定容至1 L后灭菌。
供试固体发酵培养基:分别取大米、燕麦粉、小麦秸秆、玉米秸秆、玉米粉、麦麸、稻壳和黄豆粉培养基质15 g于240 mL玻璃发酵瓶,加入10 mL去离子水搅拌后灭菌。
乙酸乙酯、乙醇均购自西陇科学股份有限公司,阿魏酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲醛、秦皮乙素、青蒿素、石竹素、小檗碱、法呢醇、羟基酪醇、烟酰胺、吡咯-2-羧酸和2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇均购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司,努特卡酮和甜菜碱均购自罗恩试剂公司,咖啡酸购自上海阿达玛斯试剂有限公司。所有化学药品和溶剂均为分析纯或色谱级。
将木霉FJ059菌丝接种于PDA培养基中,28 ℃恒温培养3 d,于菌丝边缘取直径为5 mm菌饼,置于100 mL灭菌PDA培养基中,28 ℃、180 r/min震荡培养7 d,过滤菌丝,8000×g离心10 min,用无菌去离子水重悬孢子,并将孢子浓度调整为107个/mL,保存于4 ℃备用。分别称取供试固体培养基15 g,于240 mL玻璃发酵瓶中,分别加入10 mL无菌去离子水搅拌均匀,每瓶接种1 mL孢子浓度为107个/mL的孢子悬浮液,以不接种木霉FJ059的固体发酵培养基为空白对照(CK),置于28 ℃恒温培养箱发酵7 d,测定不同固体发酵培养基下的非挥发性代谢产物抑菌率,每个处理组设置3个重复。
测定非挥发性代谢产物抑菌率方法:利用可透过小分子代谢产物、但阻隔菌丝生长的玻璃纸作为介质,将玻璃纸剪裁成直径约10 cm圆形,灭菌30 min。玻璃纸平铺于PDA平板表面,称取每个固体发酵物5 g,平铺在垫有玻璃纸的PDA上,置于28 ℃恒温培养箱2 d,用镊子将固体发酵物以及玻璃纸移除,制成含木霉FJ059固体发酵非挥发性代谢产物培养基。
木霉FJ059在28 ℃恒温培养3 d后打取菌饼,置于垫有玻璃纸的PDA上,置于28 ℃恒温培养箱2 d,移除木霉菌饼以及玻璃纸,制成含不经发酵处理的木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物培养基。
把5 mm的油茶白绢病菌菌饼长满菌丝的一面贴在含木霉FJ059固体发酵非挥发性代谢产物培养基以及不经发酵处理的木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物培养基的中心处,在28 ℃恒温培养箱内倒置培养。以不接种木霉FJ059的固体发酵基为空白对照(CK),每个处理重复3次。当菌丝在PDA上生长至铺满平板时,采用十字交叉法,使用游标卡尺分别沿菌落中心的两条垂直轴线,测定菌丝生长至最外缘的直径。根据下述公式计算菌丝生长的抑制率(I):I=(DCDT)/DC×100%,其中,I为菌丝生长抑制率(%);DC为对照菌丝直径(cm),DT为处理菌丝直径(cm)。
用无菌去离子水提取木霉FJ059大米固体发酵物中的水溶性代谢产物。木霉FJ059接种于大米固体发酵培养基中,28 ℃恒温发酵7 d,称取15 g发酵物与预冷后的无菌去离子水按照1∶5的比例混合,置于超声波清洗仪中,频率40 kHz,温度控制在25 ℃,超声时间为1 h,使用无菌纱布过滤,重复2次,8000×g,离心10 min,收集水相提取液,用0.22 μm滤膜进行过滤,收集无菌水相提取液,装入旋转蒸发仪中浓缩,得到水相提取物。称取0.1 g浓缩干燥后水相提取物,用无菌去离子水进行溶解稀释后与约55 ℃的熔融状态固体PDA培养基混合,倒平板待其凝固,使最终浓度分别为50、100、200、300、400、500 μg/mL,以加入同体积的无菌去离子水为空白对照(CK),每个处理重复3次,28 ℃恒温培养箱倒置培养3 d。
用乙酸乙酯提取木霉FJ059在大米固体发酵过程中产生的脂溶性或中极性代谢产物,方法同上,得到有机相提取物。分别称取0.1 g浓缩干燥后乙酸乙酯提取物溶于2.5 mL无水乙醇中,配成浓度为40 000 μg/mL的母液,用无菌去离子水进行稀释后与PDA培养基混合,并使最终浓度分别为50、100、200、300、400、500 μg/mL,将油茶白绢病菌接种至含代谢提取物培养基中,在28 ℃恒温培养3 d,以未加代谢提取物的PDA培养基作为空白对照(CK),加入与试验组相同浓度的乙醇为阴性对照(NC),每个处理重复3次。根据1.2.1的方法计算抑菌率。使用SPSS 26.0软件,基于Logit回归(logistic regression)模型对不同化合物的浓度-抑菌率数据进行拟合,计算出毒力回归方程,以及半最大效应浓度(EC50)和90%有效浓度(EC90)。
将1.2.2得到的乙酸乙酯提取物进行LC-MS非靶向代谢组学分析,得到乙酸乙酯提取物的化合物成分数据。由北京诺禾致源科技股份有限公司完成分析,使用R Studio软件对代谢组学数据进行统计分析。
根据1.2.3数据分析后得到的结果,购入标准品努特卡酮、阿魏酸、4-羟基苯甲酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲醛、秦皮乙素、青蒿素、石竹素、小檗碱、法呢醇、羟基酪醇、烟酰胺、吡咯-2-羧酸、2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇、甜菜碱和咖啡酸。用无水乙醇将上述化合物溶解,稀释倒平板,使化合物终浓度分别为25、50、100、200、300、400 μg/mL。将油茶白绢病菌接种至含不同浓度化合物的培养基中,在28 ℃恒温培养箱内倒置培养3 d,以不含化合物的PDA培养基作为空白对照(CK),以加入与试验组相同浓度的无水乙醇为阴性对照(NC),每个处理重复3次。根据1.2.1的方法计算抑菌率。采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行回归分析,得到EC50和EC90
使用软件IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0软件和GraphPad Prism 8.0.2软件对数据进行单因素方差分析,采用Duncan多重范围检验(P<0.05)进行差异性分析,使用R Studio软件对代谢组学数据进行统计分析。
木霉FJ059在所有供试固体培养基中发酵7 d后,在大米固体培养基发酵后产生的非挥发性代谢产物的抑菌效果最为显著(图1),抑菌率高达99.61%,其次是燕麦粉和麦麸,抑菌率分别为82.62%和68.33%,小麦秸秆抑菌率为60.99%,未经发酵的木霉FJ059产生的非挥发性代谢产物抑菌率为56.74%,而经玉米粉、黄豆粉、玉米秸秆等固体发酵培养基的抑菌率均低于未经发酵的木霉FJ059产生非挥发性代谢产物的抑菌率(表1)。结果表明,木霉FJ059在大米固体培养基发酵过程中能够产生更具有抑菌效果的非挥发性代谢物,增强了对油茶白绢病菌的拮抗能力,因此选择大米固体培养基进行下一步非挥发性代谢产物的分析。
木霉FJ059大米固体发酵水相提取物对油茶白绢病菌的抑菌活性整体较低(图2),50~400 μg/mL时抑菌率均低于22.00%,500 μg/mL时为44.18%,仍未超过50.00%(表2)。说明水相提取物虽含潜在抑菌成分,但效果有限,难以有效抑制白绢病菌生长。在乙酸乙酯提取物浓度升高的过程中,抑菌率呈显著上升趋势(图3)。在100 μg/mL浓度下,抑菌率达到15.89%。当浓度提高至200 μg/mL后,抑菌率上升至53.87%。浓度达到300 μg/mL时,抑菌率已达72.48%,而在400 μg/mL和500 μg/mL时,抑菌率分别高达86.04%和98.84%(表3),在同浓度下乙酸乙酯提取物比水相提取物抑菌活性更强。通过Logit回归分析得到乙酸乙酯提取物毒力回归方程y=6.8211x-15.6296(r2=0.881),其EC50=195.593 μg/mL,EC90=410.652 μg/mL。水相提取物毒力回归方程为y=1.2568x-4.6044(r2=0.928),其EC50=4609.079 μg/mL,EC90=258 158.446 μg/mL,其中y代表响应率的Logit变换值,x代表对数剂量。结果表明,有机溶剂乙酸乙酯相较于水相溶剂去离子水,乙酸乙酯对木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物的提取效率更高,能富集更多潜在抑菌活性成分,对油茶白绢病菌有明显的抑制效果。由此推测木霉FJ059固体发酵后的潜在抑菌活性成分可能为中等极性或疏水性的小分子化合物
采用LC-MS非靶向代谢组学技术对木霉FJ059乙酸乙酯提取物进行分析,经数据库比对后共鉴定出3234种物质。依据代谢物的化学特性,对鉴定结果按一级(super class)、二级(class)、三级(sub class)分别进行分类,分类结果显示,一级分类共涉及17类物质,主要包括:脂质及类脂分子、苯丙素和类聚酮类、生物碱及有机酸等。二级分类物质共216类,三级分类物质共315类。代谢物一级分类在负离子模式下,脂类化合物占相对百分含量的25.95%,有机杂环化合物占相对百分含量的16.17%,在正离子模式下,最多的是有机杂环化合物,占相对百分含量的23.96%,有机酸和脂类化合物分别占相对百分含量的21.21%和17.12%(图4)。
根据定性打分值(score)≥0.8、鉴定等级(level)≥1以及相对物质丰度值≥100 000等为指标筛选标准,结合文献资料和化合物功能检索,选取15种具有潜在抑菌活性的物质为石竹素、努特卡酮、法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸、阿魏酸、2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇、4-羟基苯甲酸、烟酰胺、咖啡酸、甜菜碱、小檗碱、3,4-二羟基苯甲醛、秦皮乙素、青蒿素和羟基酪醇(表4)。
木霉FJ059乙酸乙酯提取物及LC-MS筛选的15种具有潜在抑菌活性化合物(浓度为400 μg/mL)对油茶白绢病菌的抑菌作用如图5所示。石竹素和努特卡酮对白绢病菌菌丝生长的抑菌率达到100.00%。乙酸乙酯提取物的抑菌率为86.04%,远低于CK。法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸和阿魏酸同表现出较强的抑菌活性,抑菌率分别为80.19%、69.34%、64.73%。其余化合物的抑菌效果较弱,2-(4-羟苯基)乙醇、4-羟基苯甲酸、烟酰胺、咖啡酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲醛、甜菜碱和小檗碱等,抑菌率均低于35.00%(表5)。
进一步研究拮抗化合物的抑菌活性,对在400 μg/mL浓度下抑菌率大于60%的拮抗化合物(石竹素、努特卡酮、法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸、阿魏酸)进行不同浓度梯度的抗菌活性测定(图6),化合物梯度浓度为400、300、200、100、50、25 μg/mL,对数据进行基于Logit回归分析得到各个化合物的毒力回归方程以及EC50和EC90表6)。
在25 μg/mL时,法呢醇的平均抑菌率为11.63%,为所有化合物中最高,努特卡酮、石竹素和阿魏酸的抑菌率分别为8.14%、1.94%和3.49%,其余化合物无明显抑菌效果。当浓度升至50 μg/mL时,努特卡酮和石竹素抑菌率分别上升至16.67%和13.18%,法呢醇的抑菌率提升至14.34%,阿魏酸的抑菌率为11.63%,吡咯-2-羧酸抑菌率仅为1.16%,乙酸乙酯提取物仍无明显抑菌效果。
浓度提升至100 μg/mL,努特卡酮抑菌率上升至30.62%,法呢醇、石竹素、阿魏酸的抑菌率分别为25.97%、22.87%、27.52%,乙酸乙酯提取物抑菌率达到15.89%,吡咯-2-羧酸的抑菌率提升至5.81%,但仍低于其他活性化合物。
当浓度增至200 μg/mL时,努特卡酮的抑菌率达到100%,石竹素抑菌率上升至62.40%,法呢醇抑菌率提升至44.96%,阿魏酸和吡咯-2-羧酸分别提升至58.53%和39.15%,乙酸乙酯提取物抑菌率达到53.87%。
浓度继续提升至300 μg/mL与400 μg/mL时,石竹素与努特卡酮可完全抑制油茶白绢病菌生长。乙酸乙酯提取物在浓度为300 μg/mL时,抑菌率达到72.48%,在浓度为400 μg/mL,抑菌率增至86.04%。法呢醇的抑菌率依次上升至56.20%与78.30%,吡咯-2-羧酸分别为48.06%与69.38%,阿魏酸分别为63.57%和69.77%,但均未达到完全抑菌效果。结果表明,石竹素与努特卡酮在较低浓度下可实现对白绢病菌的完全抑制,抑菌活性高于乙酸乙酯提取物和其他化合物。
由齐整小核菌引起的油茶白绢病,是油茶在亚热带和热带地区种植时常见的一种真菌性病害。目前来看,化学防治在病虫害控制中长期占据主导地位[10],过度依赖化学药剂导致了严重的环境污染问题,且部分病原菌在长期接触化学药剂后逐渐产生抗药性,导致防治效果下降。因此,迫切需要寻找一种环保、绿色且高效的替代防治手段[11]。生物防治作为一种环保高效的防治技术[12-14],利用有益微生物或其代谢产物抑制病原菌生长[15-16]。木霉作为生防菌,其生防机制主要包括营养竞争、寄生作用、诱导植物抗性以及合成多种次级代谢产物,有效抑制多种植物病原菌的生长[17]T. semiorbis FJ059对白绢病菌菌核表现出显著的重寄生活性,通过产生几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶分解菌核细胞,从而杀死菌核,在温室试验中,其病害防治效果优于戊唑醇[18]。研究表明,从木霉非挥发性次级代谢产物中鉴定出大约390种化合物,这些化合物来自20个已知物种和几个未鉴定的物种,体现木霉代谢物生物活性多样化以及木霉作为生防菌剂的潜力[19]
本文旨在研究木霉FJ059固体发酵产物中非挥发性代谢物对油茶白绢病菌的拮抗活性,筛选并鉴定出多种具有潜在抑菌活性作用的小分子化合物。结果表明,固体发酵基质的选择对木霉FJ059非挥发性代谢产物的抑菌活性具有显著影响,木霉FJ059在大米固体发酵培养基中的非挥发性代谢产物抑菌率达到99.61%,其次是燕麦,抑菌率为82.62%,未经发酵的木霉FJ059的非挥发性代谢产物抑菌率为56.74%,抑菌效果高于其他固体发酵培养基。固体基质在为微生物提供必需的碳源、氮源、无机盐和水分等营养成分,在此基础上为其生长和代谢过程提供载体[20],在大米等碳氮源充足、营养较为均衡的基质,可能更有利于抑菌活性物质的合成与分泌。因此选择对大米固体发酵培养基的非挥发性代谢产物进行提取。
木霉FJ059大米固体发酵乙酸乙酯提取物在500 μg/mL对白绢病菌的抑制率高达98.84%,显著优于水相提取物,表明不同的溶剂对木霉有效抑菌活性物质的提取有着明显影响[21],木霉FJ059大米固体发酵中等极性及疏水性小分子为潜在抑菌活性成分的主要富集形式。通过正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、石油醚和氯仿4种有机溶剂对多孢木霉HZ-31菌株发酵产物进行分离后,正丁醇相对野燕麦和油菜种子的萌发抑制效果最强,多孢木霉HZ-31菌株的除草活性物质主要富集于正丁醇萃取相[22]。从棘孢木霉CBS 433.97的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离到了一种甾醇类化合物,鉴定为麦角甾醇,在病原胁迫下,麦角甾醇提高小麦的防御酶活性,清除活性氧,减轻细胞损伤,提高小麦植株的抗病性[23]
对木霉FJ059大米固体发酵培养基的乙酸乙酯提取物进行LC-MS技术分析,物质以脂类、有机杂环化合物、有机酸及其衍生物为主[24],筛选出相对含量较高的拮抗油茶白绢病化合物包括努特卡酮、石竹素、法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸和阿魏酸等。努特卡酮是芳香型倍半萜类化合物,具备抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎和抗肿瘤等多种功能[25]。天然双环倍半萜氧化物石竹素,通过调控组蛋白去乙酰化、抑制核糖体生物合成,从而有效抑制真菌生长的抗真菌活性物质[26]。法呢醇是多种草本植物中存在的一种倍半萜醇,具有多种抗真菌活性[27]。吡咯-2-羧酸对番茄灰霉病菌、苹果轮纹病菌和玉米小斑病菌等具有一定的抑制作用[28]。阿魏酸是广泛分布于果蔬表皮等部位的酚酸,具有抑菌消炎等作用[29]。抑菌试验结果显示,200 μg/mL努特卡酮的抑菌率达到100.00%,浓度达到300 μg/mL的石竹素与努特卡酮均可完全抑制油茶白绢病菌生长,抑菌活性显著高于同等浓度下的乙酸乙酯提取物、法呢醇、吡咯-2-羧酸和阿魏酸。在浓度为400 μg/mL时,青蒿素、4-羟基苯甲酸、烟酰胺、咖啡酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲醛、甜菜碱和小檗碱等化合物,抑菌率均低于35.00%。
综上所述,木霉FJ059菌株作为一种具有高效生防潜力的真菌,可应用于油茶白绢病的防治,本研究在乙酸乙酯提取物中检测到的具有潜在抑菌活性化合物,如低剂量的努特卡酮和石竹素等化合物对油茶白绢病菌有着显著的抑制作用,揭示乙酸乙酯有利于潜在抑菌组分的富集,为油茶等经济作物土传病害的生物防治开发新型高效生防菌剂提供理论依据和新的科学思路。鉴于未进一步对各提取物中活性成分在整体抑菌活性中的具体作用及相对贡献进行系统研究,尚不能完全明确这些小分子化合物是否为抑菌作用的主导成分、其具体抑菌协同机制及其应用的安全性和稳定性。
  • 国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32560674)
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2025年第46卷第12期
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doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2025.12.016
  • 接收时间:2025-08-05
  • 首发时间:2026-06-24
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-05
  • 录用日期:2025-08-28
基金
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32560674)
作者信息
    1.海南大学热带农林学院(农业农村学院、乡村振兴学院),海南海口 570228
    2.海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口 570228

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* 王伟伟(WANG Weiwei),E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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